Stensen's duct obstruction by foreign body and subsequent candidal infection of the parotid gland

Candida Infection Associated with Salivary Gland-A Narrative Review

Candida species are common global opportunistic pathogens that could repeatedly and chronically cause oral mucosa infection and create an inflammatory environment, leading to organ dysfunction. Oral Candida infections may cause temporary or permanent damage to salivary glands, resulting in the destruction of acinar cells and the formation of scar tissue. Restricted function of the salivary glands leads to discomfort and diseases of the oral mucosa, such as dry mouth and associated infection. This narrative review attempts to summarize the anatomy and function of salivary glands, the associations between Candida and saliva, the effects of Candida infection on salivary glands, and the treatment strategies. Overall, clinicians should proactively manage Candida infections by educating patients on oral hygiene management for vulnerable populations, conducting frequent checks for a timely diagnosis, and providing an effective treatment plan.

Sialendoscopy as a management tool in patients with foreign body impaction of the salivary gland

PURPOSE

It has been long known that sialendoscopy has both diagnostic and therapeutic benefits in the identification and treatment of sialadenitis. Sialendoscopy can also be used to triage patients with traumatic injury or foreign bodies lodged in the parotid gland.

PROCEDURES

We present a case of traumatic insertion a fishbone into the parotid gland parenchyma that was evaluated with sialendoscopy and successfully managed on the basis of stable endoscopy findings that correlated with improving symptomatology.

MAIN FINDINGS

We find that sialendoscopy presents a useful tool to help guide management.

CONCLUSIONS

We demonstrate that in an asymptomatic patient, foreign body impaction with absence of ductal obstruction on endoscopy can successfully be followed with simple observation.

Obstructive parotitis from extraorally introduced foreign body in the Stensen duct

A rare phenomenon, the extraoral traumatic penetration of a foreign body into the lumen of the parotid duct, is described. The ensuing obstructive symptomatology and its diagnostic approach and therapy are reviewed.

Parotid Duct Foreign Body in a Dog Diagnosed with CT

A 12 mo old castrated male German shorthaired pointer was referred with a 3 mo history of a recurrent left-sided facial swelling. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) combined with a positive contrast sialogram revealed the presence of a thick-walled dilated region of the left parotid duct and a normal appearance of the parotid gland. The affected parotid duct, complete with grass seed foreign body, was surgically removed under general anesthesia, and the parotid duct was ligated leaving the parotid gland in situ. Twelve mo later, the dog was doing well with no reported complications.

Candida parotitis with abscess formation

This report describes the case of an elderly, diabetic man who developed acute suppurative parotitis with abscess formation. The causative agent of parotid abscess was Candida albicans, which is an unusual cause of salivary gland pathology. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation. Acute parotitis occurs most often in elderly patients who are debilitated by systemic disease or are in a state of dehydration following major surgical procedures. Despite the high prevalence of oral candida carriage, there have been few previous reports of candida sialoadenitis in the literature. This is due to the toxicity of saliva to fungi under normal conditions. The diagnosis of candidiasis in our patient was made by culturing the purulent discharge from Stensen's duct and by culture of the pus obtained at surgical drainage of the abscess. After incision and drainage, the patient was treated with intravenous and then oral fluconazole for a total of 4 weeks with complete resolution of his condition. This case is interesting in light of recent and ongoing investigations of salivary proteins as potential new antifungal agents.