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Santa Maria de la Parra L, Romo AIB, Rodríguez-López J, Nascimento OR, Echeverría GA, Piro OE, León IE. Promising Dual Anticancer and Antimetastatic Action by a Cu(II) Complex Derived from Acylhydrazone on Human Osteosarcoma Models. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4925-4938. [PMID: 38442008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma cancers are becoming more common in children and young adults, and existing treatments have low efficacy and a very high mortality rate, making it pressing to search for new chemotherapies with high efficacy and high selectivity index. Copper complexes have shown promise in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] complex where N-N-Fur is (E)-N'-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide. The [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] complex was characterized via X-ray diffraction and electron spin resonance (ESR), displaying a copper center in a nearly squared pyramid environment with the nitrate ligand acting as a fifth ligand in the coordination sphere. We observed that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] binds to DNA in an intercalative manner. Anticancer activity on the MG-63 cell line was evaluated in osteosarcoma monolayer (IC50 2D: 1.1 ± 0.1 μM) and spheroids (IC50 3D: 16.3 ± 3.1 μM). Selectivity assays using nontumoral fibroblast (L929 cell line) showed that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] has selectivity index value of 2.3 compared to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (CDDP) (SI = 0.3). Additionally, flow cytometry studies demonstrated that [Cu(N-N-Fur)(NO3)(H2O)] inhibits cell proliferation and conveys cells to apoptosis. Cell viability studies of MG-63 spheroids (IC50 = 16.3 ± 3.1 μM) showed that its IC50 value is 4 times lower than for CDDP (IC50 = 65 ± 6 μM). Besides, we found that cell death events mainly occurred in the center region of the spheroids, indicating efficient transport to the microtumor. Lastly, the complex showed dose-dependent reductions in spheroid cell migration from 7.5 to 20 μM, indicating both anticancer and antimetastatic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Santa Maria de la Parra
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Adolfo I B Romo
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry and Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign 61801, Illinois, United States
| | - Otaciro R Nascimento
- Departamento de Física Interdiciplinar, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369 , CEP 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Echeverría
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Instituto IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Oscar E Piro
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Instituto IFLP (CONICET, CCT-La Plata), C.C. 67, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ignacio E León
- CEQUINOR (UNLP, CCT-CONICET La Plata, asociado a CIC), Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Blvd. 120 N° 1465, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
- Cátedra de Fisiopatología, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata. 47 y 115, La Plata 1900, Argentina
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Howell N, Middleton RJ, Sierro F, Fraser BH, Wyatt NA, Chacon A, Bambery KR, Livio E, Dobie C, Bevitt JJ, Davies J, Dosseto A, Franklin DR, Garbe U, Guatelli S, Hirayama R, Matsufuji N, Mohammadi A, Mutimer K, Rendina LM, Rosenfeld AB, Safavi-Naeini M. Neutron Capture Enhances Dose and Reduces Cancer Cell Viability in and out of Beam During Helium and Carbon Ion Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024:S0360-3016(24)00368-7. [PMID: 38479560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neutron capture enhanced particle therapy (NCEPT) is a proposed augmentation of charged particle therapy that exploits thermal neutrons generated internally, within the treatment volume via nuclear fragmentation, to deliver a biochemically targeted radiation dose to cancer cells. This work is the first experimental demonstration of NCEPT, performed using both carbon and helium ion beams with 2 different targeted neutron capture agents (NCAs). METHODS AND MATERIALS Human glioblastoma cells (T98G) were irradiated by carbon and helium ion beams in the presence of NCAs [10B]-BPA and [157Gd]-DOTA-TPP. Cells were positioned within a polymethyl methacrylate phantom either laterally adjacent to or within a 100 × 100 × 60 mm spread out Bragg peak (SOBP). The effect of NCAs and location relative to the SOBP on the cells was measured by cell growth and survival assays in 6 independent experiments. Neutron fluence within the phantom was characterized by quantifying the neutron activation of gold foil. RESULTS Cells placed inside the treatment volume reached 10% survival by 2 Gy of carbon or 2 to 3 Gy of helium in the presence of NCAs compared with 5 Gy of carbon and 7 Gy of helium with no NCA. Cells placed adjacent to the treatment volume showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell growth when treated with NCAs, reaching 10% survival by 6 Gy of carbon or helium (to the treatment volume), compared with no detectable effect on cells without NCA. The mean thermal neutron fluence at the center of the SOBP was approximately 2.2 × 109 n/cm2/Gy (relative biological effectiveness) for the carbon beam and 5.8 × 109 n/cm2/Gy (relative biological effectiveness) for the helium beam and gradually decreased in all directions. CONCLUSIONS The addition of NCAs to cancer cells during carbon and helium beam irradiation has a measurable effect on cell survival and growth in vitro. Through the capture of internally generated neutrons, NCEPT introduces the concept of a biochemically targeted radiation dose to charged particle therapy. NCEPT enables the established pharmaceuticals and concepts of neutron capture therapy to be applied to a wider range of deeply situated and diffuse tumors, by targeting this dose to microinfiltrates and cells outside of defined treatment regions. These results also demonstrate the potential for NCEPT to provide an increased dose to tumor tissue within the treatment volume, with a reduction in radiation doses to off-target tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Howell
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Ryan J Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Frederic Sierro
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Fraser
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Naomi A Wyatt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Andrew Chacon
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Keith R Bambery
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Elle Livio
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Christopher Dobie
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Joseph J Bevitt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Justin Davies
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory, School of Earth, Atmospheric and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Daniel R Franklin
- School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Ulf Garbe
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Ryoichi Hirayama
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Akram Mohammadi
- National Institutes for Quantum Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - Karl Mutimer
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anatoly B Rosenfeld
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Mitra Safavi-Naeini
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, Australia; Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
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Hall S, Grayson J, Grant G, Vertullo C, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. In Vitro Evaluation of Vancomycin-Induced Toxicity in Human Primary Knee Chondrocytes. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:177-183. [PMID: 37989131 PMCID: PMC10916344 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231216413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Septic arthritis as a complication of orthopaedic joint surgery can have catastrophic outcomes for patients. To minimise infection risk associated with elective orthopaedics, topical vancomycin during surgery has become increasingly common. Evidence suggests that high concentrations of vancomycin, following direct application of the drug to the joint, are toxic towards various local cell types in the joint, including chondrocytes. However, the mechanism of this vancomycin tissue toxicity is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of vancomycin on chondrocytes and the mechanisms of cell death involved. Human primary knee chondrocytes were exposed to vancomycin (1.25-10 mg/mL) for 24 h and their viability assessed using the resazurin reduction assay in vitro. Specific cell death mechanisms and their contributors, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and apoptosis, were measured. This study showed that high concentrations of vancomycin (5 and 10 mg/mL) were toxic towards human primary knee chondrocyte cells, while lower concentrations (1.25 and 2.5 mg/mL) were not. Cell death studies found that this occurred through an apoptotic pathway. This study provides additional support that vancomycin in high doses is toxic towards chondrocytes and preliminary evidence that this toxicity occurs via apoptotic cell death mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Jane Grayson
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Glebe, Australia
| | - Gary Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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Kolvekar N, Bhattacharya N, Mondal S, Sarkar A, Chakrabarty D. Daboialipase, a phospholipase A 2 from Vipera russelli russelli venom posesses anti-platelet, anti-thrombin and anti-cancer properties. Toxicon 2024; 239:107632. [PMID: 38310691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Snake venoms are known to contain toxins capable of interfering with normal physiological processes of victims. Specificity of toxins from snake venoms give scope to identify new molecules with therapeutic action and/or help to understand different cellular mechanisms. Russell's viper venom (RVV) is a mixture of many bioactive molecules with enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins. The present article describes Daboialipase (DLP), an enzymatic phospholipase A2 with molecular mass of 14.3 kDa isolated from RVV. DLP was obtained after cation exchange chromatography followed by size-exclusion high performance liquid chromatography (SE-HPLC). The isolated DLP presented strong inhibition of adenosine di-phosphate (ADP) and collagen induced platelet aggregation. It also showed anti-thrombin properties by significantly extending thrombin time in human blood samples. Trypan blue and resazurin cell viability assays confirmed time-dependent cytotoxic and cytostatic activities of DLP on MCF7 breast cancer cells, in vitro. DLP caused morphological changes and nuclear damage in MCF7 cells. However, DLP did not cause cytotoxic effects on non-cancer HaCaT cells. Peptide sequences of DLP obtained by O-HRLCMS analysis showed similarity with a previously reported PLA2 (Uniprot ID: PA2B_DABRR/PDB ID: 1VIP_A). An active Asp at 49th position, calcium ion binding site and anticoagulant activity sites were identified in 1 VIP_A. These findings are expected to contribute to designing new anti-platelet, anticoagulant and anti-cancer molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Kolvekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, India
| | - Navodipa Bhattacharya
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, India
| | - Sukanta Mondal
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, India
| | - Angshuman Sarkar
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, India
| | - Dibakar Chakrabarty
- Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani K K Birla Goa campus, Zuarinagar, 403726, India.
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Escobar LM, Bendahan Z, Garcia C, Castellanos JE. Relaxin treatment stimulates the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1786-1793. [PMID: 37799922 PMCID: PMC10548013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Several studies have determined that relaxin stimulates differentiation and regulates the activity of mature osteoclasts, but little is known about its effect on the differentiation of mesenchymal cells towards the osteogenic lineage. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of relaxin on the proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblastic lineage of mesenchymal cells derived from human dental pulp (hDPSC). Materials and methods In this in vitro study, hDPSC were characterized and treated with relaxin at different doses (10-80 ng/ml) and times (1-21 days). Morphology was assessed by microscopy, and proliferation was assessed using a resazurin assay. Osteoblastic differentiation was evaluated by Alizarin Red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) labeling, and changes in the expression of the osteoblastic differentiation genes RUNX2 and BMP2. Results Relaxin treatment did not induce changes in the proliferation or viability of hDPSCs; however, larger cells and increased cytoplasmic prolongation were observed. Relaxin treatment (20 and 80 ng/ml) significantly increased calcified nodule formation on days 14 and 21. The cytochemical signals for ALP, RUNX2, and BMP2 gene expression were significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the relaxin treatment. Conclusion Relaxin treatment does not induce changes in hDPSC proliferation but induces morphological changes, increases ALP detection, calcified nodule formation, and increases expression of RUNX2 and BMP2, suggesting the induction of osteoblastic differentiation of hDPSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M. Escobar
- Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Unidad de Manejo Integral de Malformaciones Craneofaciales UMIMC, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zita Bendahan
- Unidad de Manejo Integral de Malformaciones Craneofaciales UMIMC, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Camilo Garcia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
- Grupo de Ortodoncia Actualizada en Investigación ORTOACTIV, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime E. Castellanos
- Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Tseng YT, Lai R, Oieni F, Standke A, Smyth G, Yang C, Chen M, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates adhesion molecules and enhances cell properties in three-dimensional cultures of olfactory ensheathing cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115084. [PMID: 37399717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation using olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for nerve repair but there are numerous limitations with their delivery method. Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems potentially offer a powerful approach for cell production and delivery options. To further optimise the use of OECs, strategies to promote cell viability and maintain cell behaviours in 3D cultures become important. We previously demonstrated an anti-diabetic drug, liraglutide, could modulate OEC migration and re-model extracellular matrix in two-dimensional (2D) cultures. In the present study, we further investigated its beneficial effects in our 3D culture system using primary OECs. OECs treated with liraglutide at 100 nM showed improved cell viability and had modulated expression of N-cadherin and β1-integrin (two important cell adhesion molecules). When formed into 3D spheroids, the pre-treated OECs generated spheroids with an increased volume and a decreased cell density compared to control spheroids. OECs that subsequently migrated out of the liraglutide pre-treated spheroids had higher capacity for migration with increased duration and length, which was attributed to a reduction in the pauses during the migration. Moreover, OECs that migrated out from liraglutide spheroids had a more bipolar morphology consistent with higher migratory capacity. In summary, liraglutide improved the viability of OECs, modulated cell adhesion molecules, and resulted in stable 3D cell constructs which conferred enhanced migratory capacity on the OECs. Overall, liraglutide may potentially improve the therapeutic use of OECs for neural repair by enhancing the generation of stable 3D constructs and increasing the migratory behaviour of OECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Andrea Standke
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Chenying Yang
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - James St John
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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Majeed S, Qaiser M, Shahwar D, Mahmood K, Ahmed N, Hanif M, Abbas G, Shoaib MH, Ameer N, Khalid M. Chitosan-coated halloysite nanotube magnetic microspheres for carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage and liver laceration in albino rats. RSC Adv 2023; 13:21521-21536. [PMID: 37469962 PMCID: PMC10352712 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01581e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinogenic colorectal hemorrhage can cause severe blood loss and longitudinal ulcer, which ultimately become fatal if left untreated. The present study was aimed to formulate targeted release gemcitabine (GC)-containing magnetic microspheres (MM) of halloysite nanotubes (MHMG), chitosan (MCMG), and their combination (MHCMG). The preparation of MM by magnetism was confirmed by vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), the molecular arrangement of NH2, alumina, and silica groups was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), the hollow spherical nature of the proposed MM was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), functional groups were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermochemical modification was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In vitro thrombus formation showed a decreasing trend of hemostatic time for MMs in the order of MHMG3 < MCMG3 < MHCMG7, which was confirmed by whole blood clotting kinetics. Interestingly, rat tail amputation and liver laceration showed 3 folds increased clotting efficiency of optimized MHCMG7 compared to that of control. In vivo histopathological studies and cell viability assays confirmed the regeneration of epithelial cells. The negligible systemic toxicity of MHCMG7, more than 90% entrapment of GC and high % release in alkaline medium made the proposed MM an excellent candidate for the control of hemorrhage in colorectal cancer. Conclusively, the healing of muscularis and improved recovery of the colon from granulomas ultimately improved the therapeutic effects of GC-containing MMs. The combination of both HNT and CTS microspheres made them more targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Majeed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qaiser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
- Drug Testing Laboratory Punjab Multan Pakistan
| | - Dure Shahwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Center for Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, GOVT College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | | | - Nabeela Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology Rahim Yar Khan Pakistan
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Heterogeneous porous PLLA/PCL fibrous scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 235:123781. [PMID: 36849071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has become one of the most promising therapeutic methods to treat bone defects. A suitable scaffolding material to regenerate new bone tissues should have a high specific surface area, high porosity and a suitable surface structure which benefit cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, an acetone post-treatment strategy was developed to generate heterogeneous structure. After PLLA/PCL nanofibrous membranes were electrospun and collected, they were treated with acetone to generate a highly porous structure. Meanwhile, part of PCL was extracted from the fibre and enriched on the fibre surface. The cell affinity of the nanofibrous membrane was verified by human osteoblast-like cells assay. The proliferation rate of heterogeneous samples increased 190.4 %, 265.5 % and 137.9 % at day 10 compared with pristine samples. These results demonstrated that the heterogeneous PLLA/PCL nanofibrous membranes could enhance osteoblast adhesion and proliferation. With high surface area (average surface area 36.302 m2/g) and good mechanical properties (average Young's modulus 1.65 GPa and average tensile strength 5.1 MPa), the heterogeneous PLLA/PCL membrane should have potential applications in the field of bone regeneration.
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Chrienova Z, Rysanek D, Oleksak P, Stary D, Bajda M, Reinis M, Mikyskova R, Novotny O, Andrys R, Skarka A, Vasicova P, Novak J, Valis M, Kuca K, Hodny Z, Nepovimova E. Discovery of small molecule mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors as anti-aging and anti-cancer therapeutics. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1048260. [PMID: 36561137 PMCID: PMC9767416 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1048260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the most studied drug in anti-aging research is the mTOR inhibitor - rapamycin. Despite its almost perfect anti-aging profile, rapamycin exerts one significant limitation - inappropriate physicochemical properties. Therefore, we have decided to utilize virtual high-throughput screening and fragment-based design in search of novel mTOR inhibiting scaffolds with suitable physicochemical parameters. Seven lead compounds were selected from the list of obtained hits that were commercially available (4, 5, and 7) or their synthesis was feasible (1, 2, 3, and 6) and evaluated in vitro and subsequently in vivo. Of all these substances, only compound 3 demonstrated a significant cytotoxic, senolytic, and senomorphic effect on normal and cancerous cells. Further, it has been confirmed that compound 3 is a direct mTORC1 inhibitor. Last but not least, compound 3 was found to exhibit anti-SASP activity concurrently being relatively safe within the test of in vivo tolerability. All these outstanding results highlight compound 3 as a scaffold worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Dorota Stary
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland,Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Bajda
- Department of Physicochemical Drug Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Milan Reinis
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Romana Mikyskova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ondrej Novotny
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumor Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Adam Skarka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Pavla Vasicova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Josef Novak
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Valis
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Králové, Czechia,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia,Zdenek Hodny,
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Hradec Králové, Czechia,*Correspondence: Eugenie Nepovimova,
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10
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Fuior A, Cebotari D, Garbuz O, Calancea S, Gulea A, Floquet S. Biological properties of a new class of [Mo2O2S2]-based thiosemicarbazone coordination complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2022.121372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Parry N, Busch C, Aßmann V, Cassels J, Hair A, Helgason GV, Wheadon H, Copland M. BH3 mimetics in combination with nilotinib or ponatinib represent a promising therapeutic strategy in blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:457. [PMID: 36379918 PMCID: PMC9666353 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the BCL-2 family is implicated in protecting chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells from intracellular damage and BCR::ABL1-inhibition with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and may be a viable therapeutic target in blast phase (BP-)CML, for which treatment options are limited. BH3 mimetics, a class of small molecule inhibitors with high-specificity against the prosurvival members of the BCL-2 family, have displayed clinical promise in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic and acute myeloid leukemia as single agents and in combination with standard-of-care therapies. Here we present the first comparison of inhibition of BCL-2 prosurvival proteins BCL-2, BCL-xL and MCL-1 in combination with a second or third generation TKI, crucially with comparisons drawn between myeloid and lymphoid BP-CML samples. Co-treatment of four BP-CML cell lines with the TKIs nilotinib or ponatinib and either BCL-2 (venetoclax), MCL-1 (S63845) or BCL-xL (A-1331852) inhibitors resulted in a synergistic reduction in cell viability and increase in phosphatidylserine (PS) presentation. Nilotinib with BH3 mimetic combinations in myeloid BP-CML patient samples triggered increased induction of apoptosis over nilotinib alone, and a reduction in colony-forming capacity and CD34+ fraction, while this was not the case for lymphoid BP-CML samples tested. While some heterogeneity in apoptotic response was observed between cell lines and BP-CML patient samples, the combination of BCL-xL and BCR::ABL1 inhibition was consistently effective in inducing substantial apoptosis. Further, while BH3 mimetics showed little efficacy as single agents, dual-inhibition of BCL-2 prosurvival proteins dramatically induced apoptosis in all cell lines tested and in myeloid BP-CML patient samples compared to healthy donor samples. Gene expression and protein level analysis suggests a protective upregulation of alternative BCL-2 prosurvival proteins in response to BH3 mimetic single-treatment in BP-CML. Our results suggest that BH3 mimetics represent an interesting avenue for further exploration in myeloid BP-CML, for which alternative treatment options are desperately sought.
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Arshad MS, Qaiser M, Mahmood K, Shoaib MH, Ameer N, Ramzan N, Hanif M, Abbas G. Chitosan/halloysite nanotubes microcomposites: A double header approach for sustained release of ciprofloxacin and its hemostatic effects. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:314-323. [PMID: 35618085 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Clotting time of lower gastro intestinal bleeding (LGIB) can be reduced by using simple, cost-effective, and naturally occurring halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). The present study aimed to decrease the clotting time by the application of chitosan (CHT) and its microcomposites (MCs) prepared by suspension emulsification technique with HNTs (CHT/HNTs MC). Physicochemical properties, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and percentage release of ciprofloxacin from CHT/HNTs MCs was evaluated. In-vitro procoagulant activity of CHT, HNTs and their complexes CHT/HNTs MCs was performed on rabbit blood which was confirmed by a rat tail amputation. Direct relation of HNTs was observed for the whole-blood clotting kinetics i.e., 2% HNTs showed a maximum 66.0% increase in the clotting ability as compared with pure CHT. Interestingly, rat-tail amputation studies showed comparative results of CHT, HNTs, and CHT/HNTs MCs. A total of 75% permeation of ciprofloxacin of CHT/HNTs MCs on rat intestinal membrane was observed within 3 h, confirming their SR behavior. Furthermore, improved hemostatic and clotting properties were CHT/HNTs MC1 > CHT/HNTs MC2 > CHT/HNTs MC3 > CHT > HNTs, respectively. Thus, it provided the control of bleeding disorders in LGIB with any antibacterial agents, particularly ciprofloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahbaz Arshad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qaiser
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mahmood
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Nabeela Ameer
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Nasreen Ramzan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, GOVT College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Enhanced antitumor effect of L-buthionine sulfoximine or ionizing radiation by copper complexes with 2,2´-biquinoline and sulfonamides on A549 2D and 3D lung cancer cell models. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:329-343. [PMID: 35247094 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two ternary copper(II) complexes with 2,2'-biquinoline (BQ) and with sulfonamides: sulfamethazine (SMT) or sulfaquinoxaline (SDQ) whose formulae are Cu(SMT)(BQ)Cl and Cu(SDQ)(BQ)Cl·CH3OH, in what follows SMTCu and SDQCu, respectively, induced oxidative stress by increasing ROS level from 1.0 μM and the reduction potential of the couple GSSG/GSH2. The co-treatment with L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which inhibits the production of GSH, enhanced the effect of copper complexes on tumor cell viability and on oxidative damage. Both complexes generated DNA strand breaks given by-at least partially-the oxidation of pyrimidine bases, which caused the arrest of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase. These phenomena triggered processes of apoptosis proven by activation of caspase 3 and externalization of phosphatidylserine and loss of cell integrity from 1.0 μM. The combination with BSO induced a marked increase in the apoptotic population. On the other hand, an improved cell proliferation effect was observed when combining SDQCu with a radiation dose of 2 Gy from 1.0 μM or with 6 Gy from 1.5 μM. Finally, studies in multicellular spheroids demonstrated that even though copper(II) complexes did not inhibit cell invasion in collagen gels up to 48 h of treatment at the higher concentrations, multicellular resistance outperformed several drugs currently used in cancer treatment. Overall, our results reveal an antitumor effect of both complexes in monolayer and multicellular spheroids and an improvement with the addition of BSO. However, only SDQCu was the best adjuvant of ionizing radiation treatment.
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Morarescu O, Grinco M, Kulcitki V, Barba A, Garbuz O, Gulea A, Ungur N. Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Biologically Active Tetracyclic Diterpenoids from ent-Kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid under Modified Prévost-Woodward Reaction Conditions. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021120058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Qian B, Termer A, Sommer CM, Mehrabi A, Ryschich E. Low efficiency of leucocyte plugging-based drug delivery to cancer in mice. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:1475-1487. [PMID: 34319578 PMCID: PMC9061658 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the immune system were proposed for use as Trojan horse for tumour-specific drug delivery. The efficacy of such cell-based drug delivery depends on the site-specific cell homing. This present study was aimed to investigate the potential of leucocytes for intratumoural site-specific enrichment using a locoregional application route in experimental liver tumours. Human neutrophils were isolated from peripheral blood and directly labelled with calcein AM or loaded with doxorubicin. The neutrophil loading and release of doxorubicin and the migration and adhesion to ICAM-1 were analysed in vitro. Macrophages were isolated and activated in vitro. Leucocyte plugging and the distribution pattern in the liver microvasculature were studied ex vivo, and the efficacy of leucocyte plugging in tumour blood vessels was analysed in vivo after superselective intra-arterial injection in mouse liver tumour models. Neutrophils were characterised by the high dose-dependent uptake and rapid release of doxorubicin. Doxorubicin loading did not affect neutrophil migration function. Neutrophil plugging in liver microvasculature was very high (> 90%), both after ex vivo perfusion and after injection in vivo. However, neutrophils as well as activated macrophages plugged insufficiently in tumour blood vessels and passed through the tumour microvasculture with a very low sequestration rate in vivo. Neutrophils possess several properties to function as potentially effective drug carriers; however, the tumour site-specific drug delivery after selective locoregional injection was observed to be insufficient owing to low intratumoural microvascular plugging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baifeng Qian
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Termer
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christof M Sommer
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Department of Nuclear Medicine; Clinic of Radiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eduard Ryschich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 365, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Vilela MJC, Colaço BJA, Ventura J, Monteiro FJM, Salgado CL. Translational Research for Orthopedic Bone Graft Development. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:4130. [PMID: 34361324 PMCID: PMC8348134 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Designing biomaterials for bone-substitute applications is still a challenge regarding the natural complex structure of hard tissues. Aiming at bone regeneration applications, scaffolds based on natural collagen and synthetic nanohydroxyapatite were developed, and they showed adequate mechanical and biological properties. The objective of this work was to perform and evaluate a scaled-up production process of this porous biocomposite scaffold, which promotes bone regeneration and works as a barrier for both fibrosis and the proliferation of scar tissue. The material was produced using a prototype bioreactor at an industrial scale, instead of laboratory production at the bench, in order to produce an appropriate medical device for the orthopedic market. Prototypes were produced in porous membranes that were e-beam irradiated (the sterilization process) and then analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), cytotoxicity tests with mice fibroblasts (L929), human osteoblast-like cells (MG63) and human MSC osteogenic differentiation (HBMSC) with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and qPCR for osteogenic gene expression. The prototypes were also implanted into critical-size bone defects (rabbits' tibia) for 5 and 15 weeks, and after that were analysed by microCT and histology. The tests performed for the physical characterization of the materials showed the ability of the scaffolds to absorb and retain water-based solvents, as well as adequate mechanical resistance and viscoelastic properties. The cryogels had a heteroporous morphology with microporosity and macroporosity, which are essential conditions for the interaction between the cells and materials, and which consequently promote bone regeneration. Regarding the biological studies, all of the studied cryogels were non-cytotoxic by direct or indirect contact with cells. In fact, the scaffolds promoted the proliferation of the human MSCs, as well as the expression of the osteoblastic phenotype (osteogenic differentiation). The in vivo results showed bone tissue ingrowth and the materials' degradation, filling the critical bone defect after 15 weeks. Before and after irradiation, the studied scaffolds showed similar properties when compared to the results published in the literature. In conclusion, the material production process upscaling was optimized and the obtained prototypes showed reproducible properties relative to the bench development, and should be able to be commercialized. Therefore, it was a successful effort to harness knowledge from the basic sciences to produce a new biomedical device and enhance human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. C. Vilela
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno J. A. Colaço
- Department of Animal Science, CECAV—Animal and Veterinary Research Centre UTAD, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
| | | | - Fernando J. M. Monteiro
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Christiane L. Salgado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.J.C.V.); (F.J.M.M.)
- Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica (INEB), 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Hörmann P, Delcambre S, Hanke J, Geffers R, Leist M, Hiller K. Impairment of neuronal mitochondrial function by L-DOPA in the absence of oxygen-dependent auto-oxidation and oxidative cell damage. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:151. [PMID: 34226525 PMCID: PMC8257685 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanin (L-DOPA or levodopa) is currently the most used drug to treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). After crossing the blood-brain barrier, it is enzymatically converted to dopamine by neuronal cells and restores depleted endogenous neurotransmitter levels. L-DOPA is prone to auto-oxidation and reactive intermediates of its degradation including reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been implicated in cellular damage. In this study, we investigated how oxygen tension effects L-DOPA stability. We applied oxygen tensions comparable to those in the mammalian brain and demonstrated that 2% oxygen almost completely stopped its auto-oxidation. L-DOPA even exerted a ROS scavenging function. Further mechanistic analysis indicated that L-DOPA reprogrammed mitochondrial metabolism and reduced oxidative phosphorylation, depolarized the mitochondrial membrane, induced reductive glutamine metabolism, and depleted the NADH pool. These results shed new light on the cellular effects of L-DOPA and its neuro-toxicity under physiological oxygen levels that are very distinct to normoxic in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hörmann
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylvie Delcambre
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jasmin Hanke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Robert Geffers
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Marcel Leist
- In Vitro Toxicology and Biomedicine, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Karsten Hiller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany.
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Oleksak P, Psotka M, Vancurova M, Sapega O, Bieblova J, Reinis M, Rysanek D, Mikyskova R, Chalupova K, Malinak D, Svobodova J, Andrys R, Rehulkova H, Skopek V, Ngoc Lam P, Bartek J, Hodny Z, Musilek K. Design, synthesis, and in vitro evaluation of BP-1-102 analogs with modified hydrophobic fragments for STAT3 inhibition. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:410-424. [PMID: 33440995 PMCID: PMC7808747 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1871336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve novel analogs of STAT3 inhibitor BP-1-102 were designed and synthesised with the aim to modify hydrophobic fragments of the molecules that are important for interaction with the STAT3 SH2 domain. The cytotoxic activity of the reference and novel compounds was evaluated using several human and two mouse cancer cell lines. BP-1-102 and its two analogs emerged as effective cytotoxic agents and were further tested in additional six human and two murine cancer cell lines, in all of which they manifested the cytotoxic effect in a micromolar range. Reference compound S3I-201.1066 was found ineffective in all tested cell lines, in contrast to formerly published data. The ability of selected BP-1-102 analogs to induce apoptosis and inhibition of STAT3 receptor-mediated phosphorylation was confirmed. The structure–activity relationship confirmed a demand for two hydrophobic substituents, i.e. the pentafluorophenyl moiety and another spatially bulky moiety, for effective cytotoxic activity and STAT3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Psotka
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Vancurova
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olena Sapega
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Bieblova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Reinis
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Rysanek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Mikyskova
- Laboratory of Immunological and Tumour Models, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Chalupova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - David Malinak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Svobodova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Helena Rehulkova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Skopek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pham Ngoc Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zdenek Hodny
- Department of Genome Integrity, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Tseng YT, Chen M, Lai R, Oieni F, Smyth G, Anoopkumar-Dukie S, St John J, Ekberg J. Liraglutide modulates olfactory ensheathing cell migration with activation of ERK and alteration of the extracellular matrix. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111819. [PMID: 34126351 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) is a promising approach for repairing the injured nervous system that has been extensively trialed for nervous system repair. However, the method still needs improvement and optimization. One avenue of improving outcomes is to stimulate OEC migration into the injury site. Liraglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist used for management of diabetes and obesity. It has been shown to be neuroprotective and to promote cell migration, but whether it can stimulate glial cells remains unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effects of liraglutide on OEC migration and explored the involved mechanisms. We showed that liraglutide at low concentration (100 nM) overall promoted OEC migration over time. Liraglutide modulated the migratory behavior of OECs by reducing time in arrest, and promoted random rather than straight migration. Liraglutide also induced a morphological change of primary OECs towards a bipolar shape consistent with improved migration. We found that liraglutide activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which has key roles in cell migration; the timing of ERK activation correlated with stimulation of migration. Furthermore, liraglutide also modulated the extracellular matrix by upregulating laminin-1 and down-regulating collagen IV. In summary, we found that liraglutide can stimulate OEC migration and re-model the extracellular matrix to better promote cell migration, and possibly also to become more conducive for axonal regeneration. Thus, liraglutide may improve OEC transplantation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Mo Chen
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Richard Lai
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Francesca Oieni
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Graham Smyth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, Australia.
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20
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NCTR 25 fusion facilitates the formation of TRAIL polymers that selectively activate TRAIL receptors with higher potency and efficacy than TRAIL. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:289-306. [PMID: 33942150 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) binds to death receptor (DR) 4 and DR5 and induces tumor-selective apoptosis. The fusion proteins NCTR25-TRAIL and NCTR25-TGF3L-TRAIL self-assembled into polymers and triggered super-active cancer cell killing. The role of TGF3L in self-assembly and super-activity was unclear. These multivalent TRAILs elicited apoptosis with great potency, but their specificity towards receptors and subsequent efficacy in signal activation were unclear. METHODS NCTR25-TRAIL fusion was constructed and prokaryotically expressed. The size of fusion protein polymers was estimated. Their cytotoxicity was assessed in eight cancer cell lines and two noncancerous cell lines. Receptor binding and activation specificity were determined by antibody blockade. Apoptosis was evaluated, and the associated pathway was verified by quantifying caspase activity. The NF-κB signaling pathway was assessed by dual-luciferase assay. The in vivo antitumor activity was also evaluated in nude mice. RESULTS NCTR25 fusion to TRAIL promoted its self-assembly into polymers and showed similar super-cytotoxicity to NCTR25-TGF3L-TRAIL in vitro. The multivalent TRAILs exclusively activated both DR4 and DR5 and showed a bias towards DR4 in mediating cytotoxicity in NCI-H460 cells. They activated caspase pathway and induced apoptosis with higher potency but in similar efficacy than TRAIL. A higher potency and a greater efficacy were observed in activating NF-κB pathway by NCTR25-TRAIL comparing to TRAIL. Both the polymers showed better in vivo antitumor activity than TRAIL. CONCLUSIONS NCTR25 fusion alone facilitates the formation of TRAIL polymers. Multivalent TRAIL polymers bind and activate DR4 and DR5 specifically and exclusively, triggering the signaling pathways with higher potency, and greater efficacy than TRAIL.
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21
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SIRT1 and SIRT2 modulators reduce LPS-induced inflammation in HAPI microglial cells and protect SH-SY5Y neuronal cells in vitro. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 128:631-644. [PMID: 33821324 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is associated with the development of depression. Deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT2 are reported to exert neuroprotective effects in aging, neurogenesis, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of SIRT1 and SIRT2 modulators on LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in vitro. To achieve this, HAPI rat microglial cells were pre-treated with the SIRT1 activator resveratrol (0.1-20 µM), the selective SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 (0.1; 1 µM), the dual SIRT1/SIRT2 inhibitor sirtinol (0.1-20 µM) and the SIRT2 inhibitor AGK2 (0.1; 1 µM), prior to exposure with LPS (5 ng/mL) for 20 h. The reference antidepressant drug fluoxetine and the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen were also evaluated in the same paradigm, both at 1 μM. Resveratrol and sirtinol inhibited TNF-α production to a greater degree than either fluoxetine or ibuprofen. Resveratrol, sirtinol, EX527 and AGK2 significantly reduced PGE2 production by up to 100% in microglia. Then, the supernatant was transferred to treat SH-SY5Y cells for 24 h. In all cases, SIRT modulator pretreatment significantly protected undifferentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells from the insult of LPS-stimulated HAPI supernatant by up to 40%. Moreover, resveratrol and sirtinol also showed significantly better neuroprotection than fluoxetine or ibuprofen by up to 83 and 69%, respectively. In differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, only sirtinol (20, 10 µM) and AGK2 (0.1 µM) pretreatment protected the cells from LPS-stimulated HAPI supernatant. This study suggests that SIRT1 and SIRT2 modulators are effective in inhibiting LPS-stimulated production of TNF-α and PGE2 in HAPI microglial cells and protecting SH-SY5Y cells from inflammation. Thus, we provide proof of concept for further investigation of the therapeutic effect of SIRT1 and SIRT2 modulators and combination with current antidepressant medication as a treatment option.
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Graur V, Usataia I, Bourosh P, Kravtsov V, Garbuz O, Hureau C, Gulea A. Synthesis, characterization, and biological activity of novel 3
d
metal coordination compounds with 2‐acetylpyridine
N
4
‐allyl‐
S
‐methylisothiosemicarbazone. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii Graur
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and Technics Moldova State University Chișinău Republic of Moldova
| | - Irina Usataia
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and Technics Moldova State University Chișinău Republic of Moldova
| | - Pavlina Bourosh
- Laboratory of Physical Methods of Solid State Investigation “Tadeusz Malinowski” Institute of Applied Physics Chișinău Republic of Moldova
| | - Victor Kravtsov
- Laboratory of Physical Methods of Solid State Investigation “Tadeusz Malinowski” Institute of Applied Physics Chișinău Republic of Moldova
| | - Olga Garbuz
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and Technics Moldova State University Chișinău Republic of Moldova
| | - Christelle Hureau
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination UPR 8241 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Toulouse France
| | - Aurelian Gulea
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials in Biofarmaceutics and Technics Moldova State University Chișinău Republic of Moldova
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Escobar LM, Escobar JD, Bendahan Z, Castellanos JE. Retinoic and ascorbic acids induce osteoblast differentiation from human dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2021; 11:143-148. [PMID: 33537186 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested an important role of retinoic acid (RA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in the stimulation of osteoblastic differentiation; however, the function of RA and AA in the osteogenic differentiation from human dental pulp (hDPSCs) remains unclear. Objective This in vitro study investigated the effects of RA and AA on the differentiation of osteoblast from hDPSCs. Methods hDPSCs were treated with different doses of RA and AA, separately or in combination (RA + AA). Morphology and cell proliferation were assessed. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase staining, and RUNX2 gene expression. Results A significant reduction was observed in the number of cells treated with RA (26%) and RA + AA (30%) after 12 days of treatment. AA treatment alone induced a 12% reduction in the number of cells. Morphologically, the cells treated with RA and RA + AA were larger and more elongated than the control cells. A mesh pattern was observed in cells treated with AA. Numerous calcified nodules were present in cells treated with RA, AA, and RA + AA. This coincided with increased expression of RUNX2 and high alkaline phosphatase staining levels. Conclusions hDPSCs treated with RA and RA + AA showed significant reduction in proliferation, detectable morphological changes, and expression of the key differentiation gene RUNX2, consistent with an osteoblast phenotype. AA induced morphological changes and early formation of calcified nodules. RA had a predominant effect when AA and RA were used together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina M Escobar
- Grupo de Ortodoncia Actualizada en Investigación ORTOACTIV Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - José Daniel Escobar
- Grupo de Ortodoncia Actualizada en Investigación ORTOACTIV Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Zita Bendahan
- Unidad de Manejo Integral de Malformaciones Craneofaciales UMIMC, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Jaime E Castellanos
- Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, IBAPO Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Laprasert C, Chansriniyom C, Limpanasithikul W. S-deoxydihydroglyparvin from Glycosmis parva inhibits lipopolysaccharide induced murine macrophage activation through inactivating p38 mitogen activated protein kinase. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:32-39. [PMID: 33532352 PMCID: PMC7832183 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_64_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play major roles to produce several pro-inflammatory and inflammatory mediators in chronic inflammatory diseases. All current anti-inflammatory drugs target these mediators to alleviate inflammation. Searching for new anti-inflammatory agents is always needed due to problems from the clinical use of current anti-inflammatory drugs. We intended to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of three main compounds, arborinine, methylatalaphylline, and S-deoxydihydroglyparvin (DDGP), from Glycosmis parva leaves and branches on macrophage stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Only DDGP demonstrated a potent inhibitor of LPS-activated macrophages. Results indicated that the mRNA level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was inhibited by the treatment in accompany with the decreased nitric oxide (IC50 at 3.47 ± 0.1 μM). DDGP was shown to suppress tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 at the mRNA expression and at the released protein levels. In addition, DDGP inhibited the several chemokines, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and macrophage inflammatory proteins-1α, and enzymes for prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. It also inhibited PGE2 production. On LPS signaling pathways, DDGP profoundly decreased phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in the LPS-treated cells. It had little or no effect on the activation of JNK, ERK and nuclear factor kappa B. In conclusion, results suggested that DDGP from G. parva inhibited expression and production of inflammatory molecules in LPS-activated macrophages through suppressing p38 MAPK activation. DDGP should be a good candidate anti-inflammatory agent in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyanuch Laprasert
- Interdisciplinary Program of Pharmacology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chaisak Chansriniyom
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Natural Products and Nanoparticles Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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25
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Markel JF, Bou-Akl T, Dietz P, Afsari AM. The Effect of Different Irrigation Solutions on the Cytotoxicity and Recovery Potential of Human Osteoblast Cells In Vitro. Arthroplast Today 2021; 7:120-125. [PMID: 33521208 PMCID: PMC7819809 DOI: 10.1016/j.artd.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Surgeons use various irrigation solutions to minimize the risk of prosthetic joint infection after total joint arthroplasty. The toxicity of these solutions is an important consideration in their use. This study investigates the effect of irrigation solutions Bacitracin, Clorpactin (sodium oxychlorosene), and Irrisept (chlorhexidine) on osteoblast cytotoxicity and proliferation. Methods Four replicates of 6 conditions at 3 time points (1, 2, and 4 min) were tested: control (normal saline), Bacitracin (33 IU/ml), Clorpactin (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%), and Irrisept (0.05% chlorhexidine gluconate). Human osteoblasts were cultured at 37°C and 5% CO2 until confluent monolayers were obtained. The treatment solution was applied, and cells were washed 3x with warm phosphate-buffered saline and then supplemented with a fresh medium. Phase-contrast images were taken before and after treatment. The cytotoxicity and proliferation of the treated cells was measured for all conditions on day 3 and day 5 after treatment using the alamarBlue assay. Results All test conditions showed morphological changes to cells after treatment; controls did not. Cells demonstrated curling and detachment. This effect was the worst and permanent with Irrisept, whereas other treatments showed a return to normal morphology after 1 week. All treatments showed increased %alamarBlue reduction after 5 days except Irrisept, which showed decreased reduction. There was no statistically significant time or dose dependence with Clorpactin treatment. Conclusions Clorpactin and Bacitracin are damaging to human osteoblast cells in vitro as compared with normal saline. This damage is at least partially reversible as shown by morphology and cell viability assay. Irrisept caused more damage than either Clorpactin or Bacitracin, and the damage was not reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob F Markel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Therese Bou-Akl
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ascension Providence-Providence Park Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Paula Dietz
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ascension Providence-Providence Park Hospital, Southfield, MI, USA
| | - Alan M Afsari
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Ascension St. John Hospital and Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Morarescu O, Grinco M, Kulciţki V, Barba A, Garbuz O, Gudumac V, Gulea A, Ungur N. A straightforward synthesis of natural oxygenated ent-kaurenoic acid derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2020.1821225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Morarescu
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Institute of Chemistry MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Marina Grinco
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Institute of Chemistry MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Veaceslav Kulciţki
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Institute of Chemistry MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Alic Barba
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Institute of Chemistry MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Olga Garbuz
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
- Laboratory of Molecular Systematics and Phylogeny, Institute of Zoology MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Valentin Gudumac
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Aurelian Gulea
- Department of Chemistry, Moldova State University MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
| | - Nicon Ungur
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Natural and Biologically Active Compounds, Institute of Chemistry MECR, Chişinău, Republic of Moldova
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Metformin Suppresses Development of the Echinococcus multilocularis Larval Stage by Targeting the TOR Pathway. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.01808-19. [PMID: 32540980 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01808-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a severe disease caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis Current chemotherapeutic treatment options based on benzimidazoles are of limited effectiveness, which underlines the need to find new antiechinococcosis drugs. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic and antiproliferative agent that shows activity against the related parasite Echinococcus granulosus Hence, we assessed the in vitro and in vivo effects of the drug on E. multilocularis Metformin exerted significant dose-dependent killing effects on in vitro cultured parasite stem cells and protoscoleces and significantly reduced the dedifferentiation of protoscoleces into metacestodes. Likewise, oral administration of metformin (50 mg/kg of body weight/day for 8 weeks) was effective in achieving a significant reduction of parasite weight in a secondary murine AE model. Our results revealed mitochondrial membrane depolarization, activation of Em-AMPK, suppression of Em-TOR, and overexpression of Em-Atg8 in the germinal layer of metformin-treated metacestode vesicles. The opposite effects on the level of active Em-TOR in response to exogenous insulin and rapamycin suggest that Em-TOR is part of the parasite's insulin signaling pathway. Finally, the presence of the key lysosomal pathway components, through which metformin reportedly acts, was confirmed in the parasite by in silico assays. Taken together, these results introduce metformin as a promising candidate for AE treatment. Although our study highlights the importance of those direct mechanisms by which metformin reduces parasite viability, it does not necessarily preclude any additional systemic effects of the drug that might reduce parasite growth in vivo.
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Tseng YT, Cox TM, Grant GD, Arora D, Hall S, McFarland AJ, Ekberg J, Rudrawar S, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. In vitro cytotoxicity of montelukast in HAPI and SH-SY5Y cells. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109134. [PMID: 32464120 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Montelukast is a cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT) receptor antagonist with efficacy against a variety of diseases, including asthma and inflammation-related conditions. However, various neuropsychiatric events (NEs) suspected to be related to montelukast have been reported recently, with limited understanding on their association and underlying mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate whether montelukast can induce neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in microglial HAPI cells and neural SH-SY5Y cells. The present study also compared the effects of montelukast with a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (zileuton) and a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) to better understand modulation of related pathways. HAPI or SH-SY5Y cells were treated with the indicated drugs (3.125 μM-100 μM) for 24 h to investigate drug-induced neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity. Montelukast induced cytotoxicity in HAPI cells (50-100 μM), accompanied with caspase-3/7 activation, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Whilst both montelukast and zileuton down-regulated CysLT release in HAPI cells, zileuton did not significantly affect cell viability or inflammatory and oxidative factors. Celecoxib decreased HAPI cell viability (6.25-100 μM), accompanied with increasing caspase-3/7 activation and ROS production, but in contrast to montelukast increased CysLT release and decreased PGE2 production. Similar to observations in HAPI cells, both montelukast and celecoxib (50-100 μM) but not zileuton produced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Similarly, CM from HAPI cells treated with either montelukast or zileuton produced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. The results of the current study show the capability of montelukast to directly induce toxicity and inflammation in HAPI cells, possibly through the involvement of PGE2 and ROS, and toxicity in undifferentiated SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The current study highlights the importance of consideration between benefit and risk of montelukast usage and provides references for future investigation on decreasing montelukast-related NEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Tseng
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tynan M Cox
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary D Grant
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Devinder Arora
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Susan Hall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia J McFarland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - Santosh Rudrawar
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Queensland, 4222, Australia; Quality Use of Medicines Network, Queensland, Australia.
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Amnael Orozco-Díaz C, Moorehead R, Reilly GC, Gilchrist F, Miller C. Characterization of a composite polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite 3D-printing filament for bone-regeneration. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2020; 6:025007. [PMID: 33438633 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab73f8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Autologous cancellous-bone grafts are the current gold standard for therapeutic interventions in which bone-regeneration is desired. The main limitations of these implants are the need for a secondary surgical site, creating a wound on the patient, the limited availability of harvest-safe bone, and the lack of structural integrity of the grafts. Synthetic, resorbable, bone-regeneration materials could pose a viable treatment alternative, that could be implemented through 3D-printing. We present here the development of a polylactic acid-hydroxyapatite (PLA-HAp) composite that can be processed through a commercial-grade 3D-printer. We have shown that this material could be a viable option for the development of therapeutic implants for bone regeneration. Biocompatibility in vitro was demonstrated through cell viability studies using the osteoblastic MG63 cell-line, and we have also provided evidence that the presence of HAp in the polymer matrix enhances cell attachment and osteogenicity of the material. We have also provided guidelines for the optimal PLA-HAp ratio for this application, as well as further characterisation of the mechanical and thermal properties of the composite. This study encompasses the base for further research on the possibilities and safety of 3D-printable, polymer-based, resorbable composites for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Amnael Orozco-Díaz
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Tayarani-Najaran Z, Yazdian-Robati R, Amini E, Salek F, Arasteh F, Emami SA. The mechanism of neuroprotective effect of Viola odorata against serum/glucose deprivation-induced PC12 cell death. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2019; 9:491-498. [PMID: 31763208 PMCID: PMC6823524 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2019.13098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of brain ischemia and other neurodegenerative disorders. Previous researches have shown the antioxidant activity of Viola odorata L. In this project, we studied neuro-protective and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities of methanol (MeOH) extract and other fractions isolated from V. odorata in PC12 cell line in serum/glucose deprivation (SGD) condition. Materials and Methods: The PC12 neuronal cells were pretreated for 6 hr with MeOH extract and fractions of V. odorata (1 to 25 μg/ml) followed by 24 hr incubation under SGD condition. Cell viability was measured by Alamar Blue® assay. The level of ROS was calculated using DCFH-DA. Also, Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio was analyzed by western blot assay. Results: SGD condition significantly decreased cells viability (p<0.001). Pretreatment with EtOAc (12.5 and 25 µg/ml), BuOH (12, 25, 50 µg/ml) and CH2Cl2 (1.5 µg/ml) fractions of V. odorata reduced SGD-induced cytotoxicity. MeOH extract could not increase the viability significantly. All four semi polar fractions (EtOAc, BuOH, CH2Cl2 and MeOH) decreased SGD-induced ROS production and changed Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. Conclusion: V. odorata showed promising effects against SGD condition; further mechanistic and clinical studies are warranted before application of V. odorata as a neuro-protective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Arasteh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Screening Mold Colonies by Using Two Toxicity Assays Revealed Indoor Strains of Aspergillus calidoustus Producing Ophiobolins G and K. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11120683. [PMID: 31766362 PMCID: PMC6949950 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11120683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and toxin production of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus calidoustus in Finnish buildings is not well documented in the literature. We tracked and identified four A. calidoustus colonies cultivated from indoor settled dusts and revealed the biological activities of crude biomass extracts. The toxic substances were identified as 6-epi-ophiobolin K, ophiobolin K, and ophiobolin G by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) based on chromatographic and mass spectrometry data (MS and MS/MS) on the crude extract of A. calidoustus strain MH34. A total of 29 fungal colonies collected from settled dust in an office room reported for indoor-air-related illnesses were screened for toxins that inhibited boar sperm motility in the BSMI (boar sperm motility inhibiting) assay and cell proliferation in the ICP (inhibition of cell proliferation) assays with PK-15 cells. Out of the 27 colonies tested as toxic, 12 colonies exhibiting conidiophores representative of the genera Chaetomium, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces were excluded from the study, while 13 colonies exhibited Aspergillus-like conidiophores. Biomass suspensions of these colonies were divided into two categories: Category 1 colonies (n = 4), toxic in the BSMI assay and the ICP assays, emitted blue fluorescence and grew at 37 °C; Category 2 colonies (n = 9), only toxic in the ICP assay, emitted orange fluorescence and exhibited limited or no growth at 37 °C. Colonies in Category 1 were pure-cultured, and the strains were named as MH4, MH21, MH34, MH36. Strain MH34 was identified as A. calidoustus by the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Ethanol-soluble dry substances extracted from the biomass of the pure cultures exhibited a toxicological profile in the BSMI assay, SMID (sperm membrane integrity damage) assay, and ICP assay similar to that exhibited by pure ophiobolin A. Overall, the viable conidia of A. calidoustus in indoor settled dusts deserve attention when potentially hazardous mold species are monitored.
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Mills KA, Chess-Williams R, McDermott C. Novel insights into the mechanism of cyclophosphamide-induced bladder toxicity: chloroacetaldehyde's contribution to urothelial dysfunction in vitro. Arch Toxicol 2019; 93:3291-3303. [PMID: 31598736 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02589-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The clinical use of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide is limited by a resultant bladder toxicity which has been attributed to the metabolite acrolein. Another metabolite chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) associated with nephrotoxicity, has not been investigated for toxicity in the bladder and this study investigates the effects of acrolein and CAA on human urothelial cells in vitro. Human urothelial cells (RT4 and T24) were treated with acrolein or CAA and changes in cell viability, reactive oxygen species, caspase-3 activity and release of urothelial mediators ATP, acetylcholine, PGE2 were measured. The protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) were also assessed. Both metabolites were toxic to human urothelial cells, however, CAA significantly decreased cell viability at a ten-fold lower concentration (10 µM) than acrolein (100 µM). This was associated with increased ROS production and caspase-3 activity. NAC protected cells from these changes. In RT4 cells 100 µM acrolein caused a significant increase in basal and stretch-induced ATP, Ach and PGE2 release. In T24 cells chloroacetaldehyde (10 µM) increased basal and stimulated ATP and PGE2 levels. Again, NAC protected against changes in urothelial mediator release following acrolein or CAA. This study is the first to report that CAA in addition to acrolein contributes to the urotoxicity of cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide. Both metabolites altered urothelial mediator levels which could contribute to the sensory and functional bladder changes experienced by patients after treatment with cyclophosphamide or ifosfamide. Alterations in urothelial cell viability and mediator release may be causally linked to oxidative stress, with NAC providing protection against these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A Mills
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, 4229, Australia.
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Pereira S, Pinto E, Ribeiro P, Sério S. Study of a Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma jet device for indirect treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma. CLINICAL PLASMA MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpme.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Optimization of In Vitro Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare Growth Assays for Therapeutic Development. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7020042. [PMID: 30717247 PMCID: PMC6406338 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a complication of lung disease in immunocompromised patients, including those with human immunodeficiency virus and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). The most widespread, disease-causing NTM is Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which colonizes the lungs as a combination of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, and other mycobacterial species. While combination drug therapy exists for MAC colonization, there is no cure. Therapeutic development to treat MAC has been difficult because of the slow-growing nature of the bacterial complex, limiting the ability to characterize the bacteria’s growth in response to new therapeutics. The development of a technology that allows observation of both the MAC predominant strains and MAC could provide a means to develop new therapeutics to treat NTM. We have developed a new methodology in which M. avium and M. intracellulare can be optimally grown in short term culture to study each strain independently and in combination, as a monitor of growth kinetics and efficient therapeutic testing protocols.
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Cadavid-Vargas JF, Villa-Pérez C, Ruiz MC, León IE, Valencia-Uribe GC, Soria DB, Etcheverry SB, Di Virgilio AL. 6-Methoxyquinoline complexes as lung carcinoma agents: induction of oxidative damage on A549 monolayer and multicellular spheroid model. J Biol Inorg Chem 2019; 24:271-285. [PMID: 30701359 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-019-01644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the antitumor effects and the mechanisms of toxic action of a series of 6-methoxyquinoline (6MQ) complexes in vitro. The Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes (Cu6MQ and Zn6MQ) are formulated as M(6MQ)2Cl2; the Co(II) and Ag(I) compounds (Co6MQ and Ag6MQ) are ionic with formulae [Ag(6MQ)2]+NO3- and H(6MQ)+[Co(6MQ)Cl3]- (where H(6MQ)+ is the protonated ligand). We found that the copper complex, outperformed the Co(II), Zn(II) and Ag(I) complexes with a lower IC50 (57.9 µM) in A549 cells exposed for 24 h. Cu6MQ decreased cell proliferation and induced oxidative stress detected with H2DCFDA at 40 µM, which reduces GSH/GSSG ratio. This redox imbalance induced oxidative DNA damage revealed by the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay, which turned into a cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. In multicellular spheroids, the IC50 values tripled the monolayer model (187.3 µM for 24 h). At this concentration, the proportion of live/dead cells diminished, and the spheroids could not proliferate or invade. Although Zn6MQ also decreased GSH/GSSG ratio from 200 µM and the cytotoxicity is related to oxidative stress, the induction of the hydrogen peroxide levels only doubled the control value. Zn6MQ induced S phase arrest, which relates with the increased micronucleus frequency and with the induction of necrosis. Finally, our results reveal a synergistic activity with a 1:1 ratio of both complexes in the monolayer and multicellular spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Cadavid-Vargas
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Villa-Pérez
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - M C Ruiz
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - I E León
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - G C Valencia-Uribe
- GIAFOT, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia-Sede Medellín, Medellín, Colombia
| | - D B Soria
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina
| | - S B Etcheverry
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
| | - A L Di Virgilio
- CEQUINOR (CONICET-UNLP), Bv. 120 N 1465, La Plata, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, 47 y 115, 1900, La Plata, Argentina.
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36
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Martínez-Rovira I, Seksek O, Yousef I. A synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy study on the cellular response induced by gold nanoparticles combined with X-ray irradiations on F98 and U87-MG glioma cell lines. Analyst 2019; 144:6352-6364. [DOI: 10.1039/c9an01109a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Synchrotron-based infrared microspectroscopy is a powerful tool for nanoparticle-based treatment response at single cell-level.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Martínez-Rovira
- MIRAS Beamline BL01
- ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron
- 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
| | - O. Seksek
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie et Modélisation en Neurobiologie et Cancérologie (IMNC)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Université Paris Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- Campus Universitaire
- F-91400 Orsay
| | - I. Yousef
- MIRAS Beamline BL01
- ALBA-CELLS Synchrotron
- 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès
- Spain
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37
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Caielli S, Veiga DT, Balasubramanian P, Athale S, Domic B, Murat E, Banchereau R, Xu Z, Chandra M, Chung CH, Walters L, Baisch J, Wright T, Punaro M, Nassi L, Stewart K, Fuller J, Ucar D, Ueno H, Zhou J, Banchereau J, Pascual V. A CD4 + T cell population expanded in lupus blood provides B cell help through interleukin-10 and succinate. Nat Med 2018; 25:75-81. [PMID: 30478422 PMCID: PMC6325012 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-018-0254-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms underlying autoantibody development will accelerate therapeutic target identification in autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)1. Follicular helper T cells (TFH cells) have long been implicated in SLE pathogenesis. Yet a fraction of autoantibodies in individuals with SLE are unmutated, supporting that autoreactive B cells also differentiate outside germinal centers2. Here, we describe a CXCR5-CXCR3+ programmed death 1 (PD1)hiCD4+ helper T cell population distinct from TFH cells and expanded in both SLE blood and the tubulointerstitial areas of individuals with proliferative lupus nephritis. These cells produce interleukin-10 (IL-10) and accumulate mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as the result of reverse electron transport fueled by succinate. Furthermore, they provide B cell help, independently of IL-21, through IL-10 and succinate. Similar cells are generated in vitro upon priming naive CD4+ T cells with plasmacytoid dendritic cells activated with oxidized mitochondrial DNA, a distinct class of interferogenic toll-like receptor 9 ligand3. Targeting this pathway might blunt the initiation and/or perpetuation of extrafollicular humoral responses in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Caielli
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Preetha Balasubramanian
- Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shruti Athale
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bojana Domic
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elise Murat
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhaohui Xu
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Cheng-Han Chung
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Lynnette Walters
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.,Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeanine Baisch
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tracey Wright
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marilynn Punaro
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lorien Nassi
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katie Stewart
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Julie Fuller
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Duygu Ucar
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Hideki Ueno
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA.,Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Zhou
- Pathologists Bio-Medical Laboratories, Lewisville, TX, USA
| | | | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA. .,Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, TX, USA.
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38
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In Vitro Assays for Screening Small Molecules. Methods Mol Biol 2018. [PMID: 30324524 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8805-1_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Traditionally anti-cancer therapeutics have been designed to target rapidly proliferating cells causing DNA damage and inducing apoptosis. However, with the development of the cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis, it has been postulated that a rare, slow dividing tumor cell population is able to escape therapy and contribute to tumor relapse and metastasis. The advances in characterization of CSCs across multiple cancer subtypes have allowed for development of targeted therapies using small molecule inhibitors. In this chapter, we describe two in vitro assays measuring proliferation and secondary sphere formation, which have become gold-standard assays to evaluate the effects of targeted therapies against CSCs. Together these assays constitute a rapid, inexpensive, and highly reproducible pipeline for testing small molecule inhibitors prior to more resource demanding in vivo studies.
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39
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Light-induced generation and toxicity of docosahexaenoate-derived oxidation products in retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 2018; 181:325-345. [PMID: 30296412 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative cleavage of docosahexaenoate (DHA) in retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells produces 4-hydroxy-7-oxohept-5-enoic acid (HOHA) esters of 2-lysophosphatidylcholine (PC). HOHA-PC spontaneously releases a membrane-permeant HOHA lactone that modifies primary amino groups of proteins and ethanolamine phospholipids to produce 2-(ω-carboxyethyl)pyrrole (CEP) derivatives. CEPs have significant pathological relevance to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) including activation of CEP-specific T-cells leading to inflammatory M1 polarization of macrophages in the retina involved in "dry AMD" and TLR2-dependent induction of angiogenesis that characterizes "wet AMD". RPE cells accumulate DHA from shed rod photoreceptor outer segments through phagocytosis and from plasma lipoproteins secreted by the liver through active uptake from the choriocapillaris. As a cell model of light-induced oxidative damage of DHA phospholipids in RPE cells, ARPE-19 cells were supplemented with DHA, with or without the lipofuscin fluorophore A2E. In this model, light exposure, in the absence of A2E, promoted the generation HOHA lactone-glutathione (GSH) adducts, depletion of intracellular GSH and a competing generation of CEPs. While DHA-rich RPE cells exhibit an inherent proclivity toward light-induced oxidative damage, photosensitization by A2E nearly doubled the amount of lipid oxidation and expanded the spectral range of photosensitivity to longer wavelengths. Exposure of ARPE-19 cells to 1 μM HOHA lactone for 24 h induced massive (50%) loss of lysosomal membrane integrity and caused loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Using senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining that detects lysosomal β-galactosidase, we determined that exposure to HOHA lactone induces senescence in ARPE-19 cells. The present study shows that products of light-induced oxidative damage of DHA phospholipids in the absence of A2E can lead to RPE cell dysfunction. Therefore, their toxicity may be especially important in the early stages of AMD before RPE cells accumulate lipofuscin fluorophores.
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40
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Tera M, Glasauer SMK, Luedtke NW. In Vivo Incorporation of Azide Groups into DNA by Using Membrane-Permeable Nucleotide Triesters. Chembiochem 2018; 19:1939-1943. [PMID: 29953711 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201800351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic incorporation of bioorthogonal functional groups into cellular nucleic acids can be impeded by insufficient phosphorylation of nucleosides. Previous studies found that 5azidomethyl-2'-deoxyuridine (AmdU) was incorporated into the DNA of HeLa cells expressing a low-fidelity thymidine kinase, but not by wild-type HeLa cells. Here we report that membrane-permeable phosphotriester derivatives of AmdU can exhibit enhanced incorporation into the DNA of wild-type cells and animals. AmdU monophosphate derivatives bearing either 5'-bispivaloyloxymethyl (POM), 5'-bis-(4-acetoxybenzyl) (AB), or "Protide" protective groups were used to mask the phosphate group of AmdU prior to its entry into cells. The POM derivative "POM-AmdU" exhibited better chemical stability, greater metabolic incorporation efficiency, and lower toxicity than "AB-AmdU". Remarkably, the addition of POM-AmdU to the water of zebrafish larvae enabled the biosynthesis of azide-modified DNA throughout the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Tera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.,Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seikacho, Soraku, 619-0284, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Stella M K Glasauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nathan W Luedtke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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41
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Ediriweera MK, Tennekoon KH, Samarakoon SR. In vitro assays and techniques utilized in anticancer drug discovery. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 39:38-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani Hemamala Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Colombo; Colombo 03 Sri Lanka
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42
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TGF3L fusion enhances the antitumor activity of TRAIL by promoting assembly into polymers. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 155:510-523. [PMID: 30059675 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
TRAIL, a promising antitumor immuno-agent, exerted limited efficacy in clinical trials. The third disulfide loop of TGF-α (TGF3L peptide) with a very low affinity for EGFR has been reported to enhance the activity of fused antigens or cytokines. We wondered whether fusion of this peptide could enhance TRAIL activity and what the underlying mechanism for this enhancement would be. The TGF3L-TRAIL showed greatly enhanced cytotoxicity in a variety of cancer cell lines while spared normal cells unharmed. Typical apoptosis and cellular caspase activation were potently induced by TGF3L-TRAIL at the concentration levels corresponding to its cytotoxicity. TGF3L-TRAIL was able to activate both DR4 and DR5 the same as TRAIL did. It induced complete cell death in Colo205 through only one receptor when the other one was blocked, different from TRAIL-induced cell death (through DR4 dominantly). TGF3L-TRAIL cytotoxicity was not reduced in some cell lines even if both receptors are blocked simultaneously. Surprisingly, TGF3L-TRAIL self-assembled into stable polymers, which was responsible for its enhanced cytotoxicity. In human tumor xenograft mouse models, TGF3L-TRAIL showed anti-tumor activity similar to or better than TRAIL in different cancer cell types, consistent with its differing enhancement of cytotoxicity in vitro. Taken together, TGF3L fusion of TRAIL obviously enhances the anticancer activity of TRAIL by promoting assembly into polymers, which presents a novel fusion strategy for improving TRAIL function.
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43
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Modulation of the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride scaffold via non-solvent induced phase separation process for nerve tissue engineering applications. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Al-Jarsha M, Moulisová V, Leal-Egaña A, Connell A, Naudi KB, Ayoub AF, Dalby MJ, Salmerón-Sánchez M. Engineered Coatings for Titanium Implants To Present Ultralow Doses of BMP-7. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:1812-1819. [PMID: 29862317 PMCID: PMC5973637 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The
ongoing research to improve the clinical outcome of titanium
implants has resulted in the implemetation of multiple approches to
deliver osteogenic growth factors accelerating and sustaining osseointegration.
Here we show the presentation of human bone morphogenetic protein
7 (BMP-7) adsorbed to titanium discs coated with poly(ethyl acrylate)
(PEA). We have previously shown that PEA promotes fibronectin organization
into nanonetworks exposing integrin- and growth-factor-binding domains,
allowing a synergistic interaction at the integrin/growth factor receptor
level. Here, titanium discs were coated with PEA and fibronectin and
then decorated with ng/mL doses of BMP-7. Human mesenchymal stem cells
were used to investigate cellular responses on these functionalized
microenvironments. Cell adhesion, proliferation, and mineralization,
as well as osteogenic markers expression (osteopontin and osteocalcin)
revealed the ability of the system to be more potent in osteodifferentiation
of the mesenchymal cells than combinations of titanium and BMP-7 in
absence of PEA coatings. This work represents a novel strategy to
improve the biological activity of titanium implants with BMP-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Jarsha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow University, G2 3JZ Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, 10001Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Vladimíra Moulisová
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aldo Leal-Egaña
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Connell
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, G12 8QQ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt B Naudi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow University, G2 3JZ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ashraf F Ayoub
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Hospital and School, Glasgow University, G2 3JZ Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Salmerón-Sánchez
- The Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, G12 8LT Glasgow, United Kingdom
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45
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Spencer BH, McDermott CM, Chess-Williams R, Christie D, Anoopkumar-Dukie S. Prazosin but Not Tamsulosin Sensitises PC-3 and LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells to Docetaxel. Pharmacology 2018; 102:10-18. [PMID: 29669348 DOI: 10.1159/000488713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Docetaxel is currently the first-line chemotherapeutic agent available for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa). While docetaxel has been shown to modestly improve survival times for patients; they also experience significant docetaxel-induced toxicities. If treatment failure occurs, there are currently limited alternatives that show survival benefits for patients and therefore there is an urgent need for adjunct therapies. Some quinazoline-based alpha1-adrenoceptor (ADR) antagonists have previously been shown to have cytotoxic actions in PCa cells, but there is no research into their effects on docetaxel-induced toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if the quinazoline ADR, prazosin influenced the sensitivity of PCa cells to docetaxel in vitro. We hypothesised that prazosin, but not tamsulosin, in combination with docetaxel would possess synergistic cytotoxic actions on PC-3 and LNCaP PCa cells. METHODS PC-3 and -LNCaP cells were pre-treated (1 h) with prazosin (30 µmol/L) or tamsulosin (30 µmol/L), followed by docetaxel (12.5-100 μmol/L) for 24 h. Docetaxel-induced toxicity was measured in terms of changes in cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RESULTS Prazosin sensitised both cell lines (PC-3 and LNCaP) to docetaxel-induced toxicity. This effect appears to be mediated by autophagy and may also involve apoptosis. These sensitising effects of prazosin appear to be largely independent of ROS production. In contrast, tamsulosin did not affect docetaxel-induced toxicity. CONCLUSION We have shown for the first time that prazosin increases docetaxel-induced toxicity in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Prazosin may therefore offer a viable treatment option in combination with docetaxel in metastatic PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briohny H Spencer
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine M McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Christie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Genesis Cancer Care, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shailendra Anoopkumar-Dukie
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Quality Use of Medicines Network, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, G40 Griffith Health Centre, Gold Coast campus, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Dhananjayan K, Gunawardena D, Hearn N, Sonntag T, Moran C, Gyengesi E, Srikanth V, Münch G. Activation of Macrophages and Microglia by Interferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide Increases Methylglyoxal Production: A New Mechanism in the Development of Vascular Complications and Cognitive Decline in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 59:467-479. [PMID: 28582854 DOI: 10.3233/jad-161152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methylglyoxal (MGO), a dicarbonyl compound derived from glucose, is elevated in diabetes mellitus and contributes to vascular complications by crosslinking collagen and increasing arterial stiffness. It is known that MGO contributes to inflammation as it forms advanced glycation end products (AGEs), which activate macrophages via the receptor RAGE. The aim of study was to investigate whether inflammatory activation can increase MGO levels, thereby completing a vicious cycle. In order to validate this, macrophage (RAW264.7, J774A.1) and microglial (N11) cells were stimulated with IFN-γ and LPS (5 + 5 and 10 + 10 IFN-γ U/ml or μg/ml LPS), and extracellular MGO concentration was determined after derivatization with 5,6-Diamino-2,4-dihydroxypyrimidine sulfate by HPLC. MGO levels in activated macrophage cells (RAW264.7) peaked at 48 h, increasing 2.86-fold (3.14±0.4 μM) at 5 U/ml IFN-γ+5 μg/ml LPS, and 4.74-fold (5.46±0.30 μM) at 10 U/ml IFN-γ+10 μg/ml LPS compared to the non-activated controls (1.15±0.02 μM). The other two cell lines, J774A.1 macrophages and N11 microglia, showed a similar response. We suggest that inflammation increases MGO production, possibly exacerbating arterial stiffness, cardiovascular complications, and diabetes-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Dhananjayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Dhanushka Gunawardena
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Nerissa Hearn
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Tanja Sonntag
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Moran
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Erika Gyengesi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Velandai Srikanth
- Department of Medicine, Peninsula Health & Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Gerald Münch
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,Molecular Medicine Research Group, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia.,National Institute of Complementary Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Differences in statin associated neuroprotection corresponds with either decreased production of IL-1β or TNF-α in an in vitro model of neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Czulkies BA, Mastroianni J, Lutz L, Lang S, Schwan C, Schmidt G, Lassmann S, Zeiser R, Aktories K, Papatheodorou P. Loss of LSR affects epithelial barrier integrity and tumor xenograft growth of CaCo-2 cells. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37009-37022. [PMID: 27391068 PMCID: PMC5514888 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) is a lipoprotein receptor, serves as host receptor for clostridial iota-like toxins and is involved in the formation of tricellular contacts. Of particular interest is the role of LSR in progression of various cancers. Here we aimed to study the tumor growth of LSR-deficient colon carcinoma-derived cell lines HCT116 and CaCo-2 in a mouse xenograft model. Whereas knockout of LSR had no effect on tumor growth of HCT116 cells, we observed that CaCo-2 LSR knockout tumors grew to a smaller size than their wild-type counterparts. Histological analysis revealed increased apoptotic and necrotic cell death in a tumor originating from LSR-deficient CaCo-2 cells. LSR-deficient CaCo-2 cells exhibited increased cell proliferation in vitro and an altered epithelial morphology with impaired targeting of tricellulin to tricellular contacts. In addition, loss of LSR reduced the transepithelial electrical resistance of CaCo-2 cell monolayers and increased permeability for small molecules. Moreover, LSR-deficient CaCo-2 cells formed larger cysts in 3D culture than their wild-type counterparts. Our study provides evidence that LSR affects epithelial morphology and barrier formation in CaCo-2 cells and examines for the first time the effects of LSR deficiency on the tumor growth properties of colon carcinoma-derived cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd A Czulkies
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justin Mastroianni
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Lutz
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Lang
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Schwan
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke Lassmann
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Center, ALU, Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Aktories
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany.,Centre for Biological Signalling Studies (BIOSS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), ALU, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Papatheodorou
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albert-Ludwigs-University (ALU), Freiburg, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology. University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Present address: Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Ulm Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Batiste L, Unzue A, Dolbois A, Hassler F, Wang X, Deerain N, Zhu J, Spiliotopoulos D, Nevado C, Caflisch A. Chemical Space Expansion of Bromodomain Ligands Guided by in Silico Virtual Couplings (AutoCouple). ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:180-188. [PMID: 29532017 PMCID: PMC5833004 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Expanding the chemical space and simultaneously ensuring synthetic accessibility is of upmost importance, not only for the discovery of effective binders for novel protein classes but, more importantly, for the development of compounds against hard-to-drug proteins. Here, we present AutoCouple, a de novo approach to computational ligand design focused on the diversity-oriented generation of chemical entities via virtual couplings. In a benchmark application, chemically diverse compounds with low-nanomolar potency for the CBP bromodomain and high selectivity against the BRD4(1) bromodomain were achieved by the synthesis of about 50 derivatives of the original fragment. The binding mode was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, target engagement in cells was demonstrated, and antiproliferative activity was showcased in three cancer cell lines. These results reveal AutoCouple as a useful in silico coupling method to expand the chemical space in hit optimization campaigns resulting in potent, selective, and cell permeable bromodomain ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Batiste
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Unzue
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aymeric Dolbois
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice Hassler
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Deerain
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Dimitrios Spiliotopoulos
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Nevado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Amedeo Caflisch
- Department
of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
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50
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Boyarskikh U, Pintus S, Mandrik N, Stelmashenko D, Kiselev I, Evshin I, Sharipov R, Stegmaier P, Kolpakov F, Filipenko M, Kel A. Computational master-regulator search reveals mTOR and PI3K pathways responsible for low sensitivity of NCI-H292 and A427 lung cancer cell lines to cytotoxic action of p53 activator Nutlin-3. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:12. [PMID: 29504919 PMCID: PMC5836833 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small molecule Nutlin-3 reactivates p53 in cancer cells by interacting with the complex between p53 and its repressor Mdm-2 and causing an increase in cancer cell apoptosis. Therefore, Nutlin-3 has potent anticancer properties. Clinical and experimental studies of Nutlin-3 showed that some cancer cells may lose sensitivity to this compound. Here we analyze possible mechanisms for insensitivity of cancer cells to Nutlin-3. METHODS We applied upstream analysis approach implemented in geneXplain platform ( genexplain.com ) using TRANSFAC® database of transcription factors and their binding sites in genome and using TRANSPATH® database of signal transduction network with associated software such as Match™ and Composite Module Analyst (CMA). RESULTS Using genome-wide gene expression profiling we compared several lung cancer cell lines and showed that expression programs executed in Nutlin-3 insensitive cell lines significantly differ from that of Nutlin-3 sensitive cell lines. Using artificial intelligence approach embed in CMA software, we identified a set of transcription factors cooperatively binding to the promoters of genes up-regulated in the Nutlin-3 insensitive cell lines. Graph analysis of signal transduction network upstream of these transcription factors allowed us to identify potential master-regulators responsible for maintaining such low sensitivity to Nutlin-3 with the most promising candidate mTOR, which acts in the context of activated PI3K pathway. These finding were validated experimentally using an array of chemical inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS We showed that the Nutlin-3 insensitive cell lines are actually highly sensitive to the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor NVP-BEZ235, while no responding to either PI3K -specific LY294002 nor Bcl-XL specific 2,3-DCPE compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana Boyarskikh
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SBRAN, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maxim Filipenko
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SBRAN, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Kel
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SBRAN, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Biosoft.ru, Ltd, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- geneXplain GmbH, D-38302, Wolfenbüttel, Germany.
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