1
|
Portune KJ, Pérez MC, Álvarez-Hornos J, Gabaldón C. Contribution of bacterial biodiversity on the operational performance of a styrene biotrickling filter. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 247:125800. [PMID: 31927182 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Long-term operational stability of biotrickling filters (BTFs) degrading volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is dependent on both physicochemical as well as biological properties. Effects of increasingly stressful levels of air pollutants on the microbial structure of biofilms within BTFs are not well understood, especially for VOCs such as styrene. To investigate the relationship between biofilm biodiversity and operational stability, the temporal dynamics of a biofilm from a biotrickling filter subjected to stepwise increasing levels of air polluted with styrene was investigated using 16S rDNA pyrosequencing and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE). As styrene contaminant loads were increased, microbial community composition was distinctly altered and diversity was initially reduced in early stages but gradually stabilized and increased diversity in later stages, suggesting a recovery and acclimatization period within the microbial community during incremental exposure of the pollutant. Although temporary reductions in known styrene-degrading bacterial genera (Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus) occurred under increased styrene loads, stable BTF performance was maintained due to functional redundancy. New candidate genera for styrene degradation (Azoarcus, Dokdonella) were identified in conditions of high styrene loads, and may have supported the observed stable BTF performance throughout the experiment. Styrene inlet load was found to be important modulator of community composition and may have been partly responsible for the observed temporary reductions of Pseudomonas. Notable differences between dominant genera detected via pyrosequencing compared to species detected by PCR-DGGE suggests that simultaneous implementation of both techniques is valuable for fully characterizing dynamic microbial communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Portune
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - M Carmen Pérez
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Javier Álvarez-Hornos
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Carmen Gabaldón
- Research Group GI(2)AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chuang FJ, Chou MS, Chang HY. Biotrickling filtration of airborne styrene: A comparison of filtration media. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2018; 68:369-376. [PMID: 29309259 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2017.1416002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study compares the performances of fern and plastic chips as packing media for the biofiltration of a styrene-laden waste gas stream emitted in a plant for the manufacture of plastic door plates. Fern chips (with a specific surface area of 1090 m2 m-3) and plastic chips (with a specific surface area of 610 m2 m-3) were packed into a pilot-scale biotrickling filter with a total medium volume of 50 L for the performance test. Field waste gas with styrene concentrations in the range of 161-2390 mg Am-3 at 28-30 °C) was introduced to the bed and a fixed empty-bed retention time (EBRT) of 21 sec, a volumetric gas flow rate of 8.57 m3 hr-1, and superficial gas velocity of 53.6 m hr-1 were maintained throughout the experimental period. Nutrients containing metal salts, nitrogen, phosphorus, and milk were supplemented to the filters for maintaining the microbial activities. Results reveal that the biotrickling filter developed in this study had the highest styrene monomer (SM) elimination capacities (170 g m-3 hr-1 for fern-chip packing and 300 g m-3 hr-1 for plastic-chip packing) among those cited in the literature. The plastic medium is a favorable substitute for endangered fern chips. The thermal-setting nature of plastic chips limits their recycle and reuse as raw materials, and the study provides an opportunity for the utilization of the materials. IMPLICATIONS Biotreatment of contaminants in air streams offers an inexpensive and efficient alternative to conventional technologies. Biofiltration has a great potential for the degradation of gas-borne styrene and total hydrocarbon (THC) removal efficiency of around 80%. The objective of this research was to compare the performances of fern chips and a kind of plastic chips as packing media for biofiltration of the styrene-laden waste gas stream emitted from cutting operations of stripes of premixed unsaturated polyester (UP) and styrene paste before hot-pressing operations for making plastic door plates. From a practical point of view, the plastic medium can be a good substitute medium for fern chips, which has been declared as a protected plant. This study provides an experimentally verified model for the design and operation of such biotreatment systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jen Chuang
- a Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Ming-Shean Chou
- a Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , Republic of China
| | - Hsiao-Yu Chang
- a Institute of Environmental Engineering , National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung , Taiwan , Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Portune KJ, Pérez MC, Álvarez-Hornos FJ, Gabaldón C. Investigating bacterial populations in styrene-degrading biofilters by 16S rDNA tag pyrosequencing. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:3-18. [PMID: 24950754 PMCID: PMC4286631 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5868-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial biofilms are essential components in the elimination of pollutants within biofilters, yet still little is known regarding the complex relationships between microbial community structure and biodegradation function within these engineered ecosystems. To further explore this relationship, 16S rDNA tag pyrosequencing was applied to samples taken at four time points from a styrene-degrading biofilter undergoing variable operating conditions. Changes in microbial structure were observed between different stages of biofilter operation, and the level of styrene concentration was revealed to be a critical factor affecting these changes. Bacterial genera Azoarcus and Pseudomonas were among the dominant classified genera in the biofilter. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and correlation analysis revealed that the genera Brevundimonas, Hydrogenophaga, and Achromobacter may play important roles in styrene degradation under increasing styrene concentrations. No significant correlations (P > 0.05) could be detected between biofilter operational/functional parameters and biodiversity measurements, although biological heterogeneity within biofilms and/or technical variability within pyrosequencing may have considerably affected these results. Percentages of selected bacterial taxonomic groups detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were compared to results from pyrosequencing in order to assess the effectiveness and limitations of each method for identifying each microbial taxon. Comparison of results revealed discrepancies between the two methods in the detected percentages of numerous taxonomic groups. Biases and technical limitations of both FISH and pyrosequencing, such as the binding of FISH probes to non-target microbial groups and lack of classification of sequences for defined taxonomic groups from pyrosequencing, may partially explain some differences between the two methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Portune
- Research Group GI2AM, Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat de València, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 46100, Burjassot, Spain,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Morikawa Y, Kondo T, Hayashi N, Ito M, Takai K. Development of a Biofilter using Enzyme-Immobilized Silica Gel for Formaldehyde Removal and Degradation. KAGAKU KOGAKU RONBUN 2014. [DOI: 10.1252/kakoronbunshu.40.432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Morikawa
- Aichi Center for Industry and Science Technology (ACIST), Industrial Research Center
| | | | - Naohiro Hayashi
- Aichi Center for Industry and Science Technology (ACIST), Industrial Research Center
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Toluene removal efficiency, process robustness, and bacterial diversity of a biotrickling filter inoculated with Burkholderia sp. Strain T3. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-012-0253-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
6
|
Okunishi S, Morita Y, Higuchi T, Maeda H, Nishi K. Transformation of microflora during degradation of gaseous toluene in a biofilter detected using PCR-DGGE. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2012; 62:748-757. [PMID: 22866576 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.672396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A laboratory-scale biofiltration system, the rotatory-switching biofilter (RSB), was operated for 199 days using toluene as a model pollutant. The target gaseous pollutant for the biofiltration experiment was approximately 300 ppmv of toluene. Toluene removal efficiency (RE, %) was initially approximately 20% with a 247-ppmv concentration (0.9 g m(-3)) of toluene during the first 10 days. Although the RE decreased several times whenever nitrogen was consumed, it again reached almost 100% when the nitrogen source was in sufficient supply. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis was employed to assess the transformation ofmicroflora during operation of the biofilter The results based on a 16S rRNA gene profile showed that the microbial community structure changed with operation time. Although the microflora changed during the initial period (before day 40), transformation of the bacterial component was hardly observed after day 51. Statistical analyses of the DGGE profiles indicated that the bacterial community was almost unaffected by the environmental factors, such as adding ozone, high-level nitrogen supply, increase of loading toluene, and the shutdown of the RSB. The DGGE profile using tmoA-like genes, which encode proteins belonging to the hydroxylase component mono-oxygenases involved in the initial attack of aerobic benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene degradation, confirmed the existence of toluene-degrading bacteria. There were at least four kinds of toluene-degradable bacteria having tmoA-like genes up to day 36, which decreased to two species after day 40. Sequence analysis after DGGE profiling revealed that Burkholderia cepacia, Sphingobacterium multivorum, and Pseudomonas putida were present in the biofilter. Only Alicycliphilus denitrificans was present throughout the whole operation period. In the initial stage of operating the RSB, many types of bacteria may have tried to adapt to the conditions, and subsequently, only selected bacteria were able to grow and to degrade toluene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Okunishi
- Faculty of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun D, Li J, An T, Xu M, Sun G, Guo J. Bacterial community diversity and functional gene abundance of structured mixed packing and inert packing materials based biotrickling filters. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
8
|
O' Leary ND, O' Mahony MM, Dobson ADW. Regulation of phenylacetic acid uptake is σ54 dependent in Pseudomonas putida CA-3. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:229. [PMID: 21995721 PMCID: PMC3224230 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Styrene is a toxic and potentially carcinogenic alkenylbenzene used extensively in the polymer processing industry. Significant quantities of contaminated liquid waste are generated annually as a consequence. However, styrene is not a true xenobiotic and microbial pathways for its aerobic assimilation, via an intermediate, phenylacetic acid, have been identified in a diverse range of environmental isolates. The potential for microbial bioremediation of styrene waste has received considerable research attention over the last number of years. As a result the structure, organisation and encoded function of the genes responsible for styrene and phenylacetic acid sensing, uptake and catabolism have been elucidated. However, a limited understanding persists in relation to host specific regulatory molecules which may impart additional control over these pathways. In this study the styrene degrader Pseudomonas putida CA-3 was subjected to random mini-Tn5 mutagenesis and mutants screened for altered styrene/phenylacetic acid utilisation profiles potentially linked to non-catabolon encoded regulatory influences. Results One mutant, D7, capable of growth on styrene, but not on phenylacetic acid, harboured a Tn5 insertion in the rpoN gene encoding σ54. Complementation of the D7 mutant with the wild type rpoN gene restored the ability of this strain to utilise phenylacetic acid as a sole carbon source. Subsequent RT-PCR analyses revealed that a phenylacetate permease, PaaL, was expressed in wild type P. putida CA-3 cells utilising styrene or phenylacetic acid, but could not be detected in the disrupted D7 mutant. Expression of plasmid borne paaL in mutant D7 was found to fully restore the phenylacetic acid utilisation capacity of the strain to wild type levels. Bioinformatic analysis of the paaL promoter from P. putida CA-3 revealed two σ54 consensus binding sites in a non-archetypal configuration, with the transcriptional start site being resolved by primer extension analysis. Comparative analyses of genomes encoding phenylacetyl CoA, (PACoA), catabolic operons identified a common association among styrene degradation linked PACoA catabolons in Pseudomonas species studied to date. Conclusions In summary, this is the first study to report RpoN dependent transcriptional activation of the PACoA catabolon paaL gene, encoding a transport protein essential for phenylacetic acid utilisation in P. putida CA-3. Bioinformatic analysis is provided to suggest this regulatory link may be common among styrene degrading Pseudomonads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niall D O' Leary
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun D, Li J, An T, Xu M, Sun G, Guo J. Evaluation of the performance of structured mixed packing and inert packing materials in toluene biotrickle-filtration. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-011-0001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
10
|
Kinetics of styrene biodegradation by Pseudomonas sp. E-93486. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:565-73. [PMID: 21833566 PMCID: PMC3257435 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The research into kinetics of styrene biodegradation by bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. E-93486 coming from VTT Culture Collection (Finland) was presented in this work. Microbial growth tests in the presence of styrene as the sole carbon and energy source were performed both in batch and continuous cultures. Batch experiments were conducted for initial concentration of styrene in the liquid phase changed in the range of 5–90 g m−3. The Haldane model was found to be the best to fit the kinetic data, and the estimated constants of the equation were: μm = 0.1188 h−1, KS = 5.984 mg l−1, and Ki = 156.6 mg l−1. The yield coefficient mean value \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ Y_{\text{xs}}^{\text{app}} $$\end{document} for the batch culture was 0.72 gdry cells weight (gsubstrate)−1. The experiments conducted in a chemostat at various dilution rates (D = 0.035–0.1 h−1) made it possible to determine the value of the coefficient for maintenance metabolism md = 0.0165 h−1 and the maximum yield coefficient value \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ Y_{\text{xs}}^{\text{M}} = 0.913 $$\end{document}. Chemostat experiments confirmed the high value of yield coefficient \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{wasysym}
\usepackage{amsfonts}
\usepackage{amssymb}
\usepackage{amsbsy}
\usepackage{mathrsfs}
\usepackage{upgreek}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}
\begin{document}$$ Y_{\text{xs}}^{\text{app}} $$\end{document} observed in the batch culture. The conducted experiments showed high activity of the examined strain in the styrene biodegradation process and a relatively low sensitivity to inhibition of its growth at higher concentrations of styrene in the solution. Such exceptional features of Pseudomonas sp. E-93486 make this bacterial strain the perfect candidate for technical applications.
Collapse
|
11
|
Das C, Chowdhury R, Bhattacharya P. Experiments and three phase modelling of a biofilter for the removal of toluene and trichloroethylene. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:447-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
12
|
Mooney A, Ward PG, O'Connor KE. Microbial degradation of styrene: biochemistry, molecular genetics, and perspectives for biotechnological applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 72:1. [PMID: 16823552 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of the potentially toxic compound styrene are produced and used annually by the petrochemical and polymer-processing industries. It is as a direct consequence of this that significant volumes of styrene are released into the environment in both the liquid and the gaseous forms. Styrene and its metabolites are known to have serious negative effects on human health and therefore, strategies to prevent its release, remove it from the environment, and understand its route of degradation were the subject of much research. There are a large number of microbial genera capable of metabolizing styrene as a sole source of carbon and energy and therefore, the possibility of applying these organisms to bioremediation strategies was extensively investigated. From the multitude of biodegradation studies, the application of styrene-degrading organisms or single enzymes for the synthesis of value-added products such as epoxides has emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Mooney
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Patrick G Ward
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kevin E O'Connor
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|