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Iwata H, Nakajo T, Kaneko H, Okazawa Y, Zin NKM, Bochimoto H, Ohashi M, Kawada Y, Kamikawa S, Kudo T, Okada Y, Ohara M, Obara H, Matsuno N. Combined Use of Subnormothermic Extracorporeal Support and Hypothermic Oxygenated Machine Perfusion for Liver Graft After Cardiac Death in Pigs. Transplant Proc 2023:S0041-1345(23)00133-1. [PMID: 37088618 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2023.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of grafts from donors after cardiac death (DCD) would greatly contribute to the expansion of the donor organ pool. This study aims to determine the benefits of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) in a large animal model of DCD liver. METHODS After cardiac arrest, the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava were cannulated and connected to an ECMO circuit. Porcine livers were perfused in situ with ECMO at 22°C for 60 minutes after 45 minutes of cardiac death. Then, the livers were perfused for 4 hours by cold storage (CS) or HOPE. In group 1, non-in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by HOPE. In group 2, in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by HOPE. In group 3, in situ ECMO and grafts were preserved by CS. After preservation, all grafts were evaluated using an isolated reperfusion model (IRM) with autologous blood for 2 hours. RESULTS During HOPE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels and hepatic arterial pressure in group 2 tended to be lower than in group 1. Hematoxylin-eosin staining findings after HOPE showed more massive sinusoidal congestion and hepatocyte cytoplasmic vacuolization in group 1 than in group 2. The AST and LDH levels in group 2 at the start-up of IRM tended to be lower than in group 1. CONCLUSIONS The combined use of in situ subnormothermic ECMO and HOPE is essential for the functional recovery of DCD liver grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakajo
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kaneko
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuga Okazawa
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nur Khatijah Mohd Zin
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makito Ohashi
- Department of Clinical Engineering, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Kawada
- Department of Clinical Engineering, National Center for Child Health and Development, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shota Kamikawa
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mizuho Ohara
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Obara
- Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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ADD10 protects renal cells from cold injuries by improving energy metabolism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 634:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ishii D, Matsuno N, Gochi M, Iwata H, Shonaka T, Nishikawa Y, Obara H, Yokoo H, Furukawa H. Beneficial effects of end-ischemic oxygenated machine perfusion preservation for split-liver transplantation in recovering graft function and reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22608. [PMID: 34799598 PMCID: PMC8604979 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01467-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of end-ischemic hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion preservation (HOPE) using an originally developed machine perfusion system for split-liver transplantation. Porcine split-liver grafts were created via 75% liver resection after 10 min of warm ischemia. In Group 1, grafts were preserved by simple cold storage (CS) for 8 h (CS group; n = 4). In Group 2, grafts were preserved by simple CS for 6 h and end-ischemic HOPE for 2 h (HOPE group; n = 5). All grafts were evaluated using an isolated ex vivo reperfusion model with autologous blood for 2 h. Biochemical markers (aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase levels) were significantly better immediately after reperfusion in the HOPE group than in the CS group. Furthermore, the HOPE group had a better histological score. The levels of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-10) were significantly lower after reperfusion in the HOPE group. Therefore, we concluded that end-ischemic HOPE for split-liver transplantation can aid in recovering the graft function and reducing ischemia-reperfusion injury. HOPE, using our originally developed machine perfusion system, is safe and can improve graft function while attenuating liver injury due to preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.
| | - Mikako Gochi
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iwata
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shonaka
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Yokoo
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka-Higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
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Current review of machine perfusion in liver transplantation from the Japanese perspective. Surg Today 2021; 52:359-368. [PMID: 33754175 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-021-02265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In light of the present evidence, machine perfusion is opening up new horizons in the field of liver transplantation. Although many advances have been made in liver transplantation, organ preservation methods have so far changed very little. Static cold storage is universally used for graft preservation in liver transplantation; however, there is a need for better preservation methods, such as ex vivo machine perfusion, to improve the outcomes by decreasing warm ischemic damage. Based on the findings of basic and clinical trials, hypothermic and normothermic machine perfusion techniques are now commercially available and include the OrganOx metra, Liver Assist, Cleveland NMP device, Organ Care System, and LifePort Liver. Recent clinical trials have provided further evidence for the potential role of normothermic machine perfusion to resuscitate and subsequently improve utilization of marginal or currently discarded livers. Further studies are required to explore the longer-term outcomes, late biliary complications, outcomes in specific high-risk groups, viability biomarkers, optimum and maximum perfusion duration, perfusate composition, and liver-directed therapeutic interventions during normothermic machine perfusion. The use of organs from marginal donors after brain death, such as fatty livers and the livers from elderly donors with multiple comorbidities, may be accepted for machine perfusion in Japan in the near future.
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OuYang Q, Liang G, Tan X, He X, Zhang L, Kuang W, Chen J, Wang S, Liang M, Huo F. Evaluation of the ex vivo liver viability using a nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation time-based assay in a porcine machine perfusion model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4117. [PMID: 33603011 PMCID: PMC7892848 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a dearth of effective parameters for selecting potentially transplantable liver grafts from expanded-criteria donors. In this study, we used a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation analyzer-based assay to assess the viability of ex vivo livers obtained via porcine donation after circulatory death (DCD). Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) was utilized as a platform for viability test of porcine DCD donor livers. A liver-targeted contrast agent, gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA), was injected into the perfusate during NMP, and the dynamic biliary excretion of the Gd-EOB-DTPA was monitored by measuring the longitudinal relaxation time (T1). The longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) of the bile was served as a parameter. The delay of increase in biliary R1 during early stage of NMP indicated the impaired function of liver grafts in both warm and cold ischemia injury, which was correlated with the change of alanine aminotransferase. The preservative superiority in cold ischemia of dual hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion could also be verified by assessing biliary R1 and other biochemical parameters. This study allows for the dynamic assessment of the viability of porcine DCD donor livers by combined usage of ex situ NMP and NMR relaxation time based assay, which lays a foundation for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing OuYang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The General Hospital of Southern Theater, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohai Liang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The General Hospital of Southern Theater, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiran He
- Guangdong Shunde Industry Design Institute (Guangdong Shunde Innovative Design Institute), Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Devocean Medical Instrument Co., Ltd., Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijian Kuang
- Guangdong Shunde Industry Design Institute (Guangdong Shunde Innovative Design Institute), Shunde, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The General Hospital of Southern Theater, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The General Hospital of Southern Theater, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingju Liang
- Guangdong Shunde Industry Design Institute (Guangdong Shunde Innovative Design Institute), Shunde, Guangdong, China.
| | - Feng Huo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Center, The General Hospital of Southern Theater, Guangzhou, China.
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Stevens LJ, Donkers JM, Dubbeld J, Vaes WHJ, Knibbe CAJ, Alwayn IPJ, van de Steeg E. Towards human ex vivo organ perfusion models to elucidate drug pharmacokinetics in health and disease. Drug Metab Rev 2020; 52:438-454. [DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1772280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lianne J. Stevens
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Joanne M. Donkers
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Dubbeld
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. J. Vaes
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Catherijne A. J. Knibbe
- Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ian P. J. Alwayn
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Leiden University Medical Centre (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
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Shonaka T, Matsuno N, Obara H, Yoshikawa R, Nishikawa Y, Ishihara Y, Bochimoto H, Gochi M, Otani M, Kanazawa H, Azuma H, Sakai H, Furukawa H. Impact of human-derived hemoglobin based oxygen vesicles as a machine perfusion solution for liver donation after cardiac death in a pig model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226183. [PMID: 31825976 PMCID: PMC6905570 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent clinical application of perfusion technology for the machine preservation of donation after cardiac death (DCD) grafts has some advantages. Oxygenation has been proposed for the preservation of DCD liver grafts. The aim of this study is to clarify whether the use of HbV-containing preservation solution during the subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) of the liver graft improves the graft function of DCD porcine livers in an ex vivo reperfusion model. Pig livers were excised after 60 minutes of warm ischemic time and were preserved under one of three preservation conditions for 4 hours. The preservation conditions were as follows: 4°C cold storage (CS group; N = 5), Hypothermic machine preservation (HMP) with UW gluconate solution (HMP group; N = 5), SNMP (21°C) with UW gluconate solution (SNMP group; N = 5), SNMP (21°C) with HbVs (Hb; 1.8 mg/dl) perfusate (SNMP+HbV group; N = 5). Autologous blood perfusion was performed for 2 hours in an isolated liver reperfusion model (IRM). The oxygen consumption of the SNMP and SNMP+HbV group was higher than the HMP groups (p < 0.05). During the reperfusion, the AST level in the SNMP+HbV group was lower than that in the CS, HMP and SNMP groups. The changes in pH after reperfusion was significantly lower in SNMP+HbV group than CS and HMP groups. The ultrastructural findings indicated that the mitochondria of the SNMP+HbV group was well maintained in comparison to the CS, HMP and SNMP groups. The SNMP+HbVs preservation solution protected against metabolic acidosis and preserved the liver function after reperfusion injury in the DCD liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Shonaka
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yo Ishihara
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroki Bochimoto
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Gochi
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Masahide Otani
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Azuma
- Department of Pediatrics, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara-shi, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
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8
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Optimizing organs for transplantation; advancements in perfusion and preservation methods. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2019; 34:100514. [PMID: 31645271 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2019.100514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kanazawa H, Obara H, Yoshikawa R, Meng L, Hirano T, Okada Y, Nishikawa Y, Matsuno N. Impact of Machine Perfusion on Sinusoid Microcirculation of Liver Graft Donated After Cardiac Death. J Surg Res 2019; 245:410-419. [PMID: 31437648 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2019.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined the impact of oxygenated machine perfusion on preservation of liver grafts donated after cardiac death by measuring sinusoidal endothelial injury and microcirculatory disturbances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen porcine livers were retrieved 60 min after warm ischemia and allocated into three groups as follows: (1) CS group: static cold storage, (2) HMP group: oxygenated hypothermic perfusion preservation, (3) SNMP group: oxygenated subnormothermic perfusion preservation. The liver grafts donated after cardiac death were preserved for 4 h in different treatment conditions mentioned previously, then subject to ex vivo reperfusion for 2 h using diluted allogeneic blood. The hemodynamic parameters, liver function tests, tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, and immunohistochemical findings were investigated. RESULTS The number of sinusoidal epithelial cells and trabecular structures were maintained after 4 h of preservation in the CS, HMP, and SNMP group. Liver tissue ATP levels after 4 h of preservation in the HMP and SNMP groups were significantly higher compared with that in the CS group. The sinusoidal epithelial cells were significantly exfoliated to a more severe extent in the CS group than in the HMP and SNMP groups. Intrasinusoidal platelet aggregation occurred more frequently in the CS group than in the HMP and SNMP groups. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that oxygenated machine perfusion preservation was important to prevent the depletion of tissue ATP and maintain sinusoidal homeostasis regardless of the perfusate temperature. Our findings suggest oxygenated machine perfusion preservation as an effective alternative to static cold storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa city, Hokkaido, Japan.
| | - Hiromichi Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lingtong Meng
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa city, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hirano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo Universiaty of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Okada
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa city, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishikawa
- Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa city, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Department of Transplantation Technology and Therapeutic Development, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa city, Hokkaido, Japan
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Obara H, Morito N, Matsuno N, Yoshikawa R, Nakajo T, Gochi M, Otani M, Shonaka T, Furukawa H, Hirano T, Enosawa S. Initial perfusate purification during subnormothermic machine perfusion for porcine liver donated after cardiac death. J Artif Organs 2019; 23:62-69. [PMID: 31392524 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-019-01123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of machine perfusion (MP) technologies is required to enhance organ quality for donor after cardiac death (DCD) grafts. Installing a dialyzer or a filter into the perfusion circuit to maintain the perfusate condition has some advantages. However, the consequences of purification perfusate during subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) remain unexplained. In this study, the effects of initial purification perfusate with simple method of replacing the first 0.5-L perfusate during SNMP were investigated to consider installation effect of the filter or the dialyzer. Porcine liver grafts, which have 60-min warm ischemia time, were procured to imitate the DCD graft condition. Purified SNMP (PSNMP) results were compared with simple cold storage and conventional SNMP. In PSNMP, initial perfusate of 0.5 L was removed to substitute for purification. After preservation process, the preserved grafts were reperfused with diluted autologous blood for 2 h under normothermic machine perfusion condition to evaluate the liver function using an isolated reperfusion model. The vascular pressures, enzyme release rates and the metabolic indexes during reperfusion were analyzed. The pressures in the hepatic artery after reperfusion 60 min were significantly lower in PSNMP group compared with cold storage (CS) and SNMP groups. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase were significantly lower after PSNMP than after the CS or SNMP. Also, the metabolic indexes of hyaluronic acid and lactate were significantly decreased by purifying the perfusate in MP preservation than in CS or SNMP. The effectiveness of initial purification perfusate during SNMP was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromichi Obara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minam Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. .,Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan. .,National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
| | - Noriyuki Morito
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minam Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Naoto Matsuno
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minam Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan.,National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Ryo Yoshikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minam Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Nakajo
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan
| | - Mikako Gochi
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Masahide Otani
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Shonaka
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, 2-1-1-1 Midorigaoka higashi, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hirano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shin Enosawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
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