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Tunlayadechanont P, Chobaroon A, Chansakul T. Contrast-enhanced 3D black-blood magnetic resonance imaging for diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis. Neuroradiol J 2024:19714009241260798. [PMID: 38856687 DOI: 10.1177/19714009241260798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is often under-recognized on routine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations without concomitant magnetic resonance venography (MRV). Contrast-enhanced black-blood MRI (BBMRI) based on a three-dimensional T1-weighted variable-flip-angle turbo spin echo sequence, one of the sequences used routinely in our practice, has the potential for detection of thrombi in patients with CVT. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance and enhancement patterns of contrast-enhanced three-dimensional BBMRI for the diagnosis of CVT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Contrast-enhanced BBMRI and contrast-enhanced MRV sequences of 64 patients, acquired from June 2018 to January 2021, were retrospectively reviewed by neuroradiologists for detection of CVT in each venous sinus segment. Diagnostic performance values were calculated for contrast-enhanced BBMRI based on enhancement patterns. RESULTS Of 749 venous segments from 64 patients analyzed, CVT was demonstrated in 41 venous segments from 12 patients on contrast-enhanced MRV (CE MRV). Thick wall enhancement and total enhancement patterns were dominantly demonstrated in thrombosed segments. Compared with contrast-enhanced MRV, contrast-enhanced BBMRI had a patient-based sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 98.1%, respectively, and a segment-based sensitivity and specificity of 87.8% and 96.2%, respectively. The positive predictive value of contrast-enhanced BBMRI in detecting CVT was 92.3% (patient-based) and 57.1% (segment-based), and the negative predictive value was 100% (patient-based) and 99.3% (segment-based). CONCLUSION Contrast-enhanced BBMRI has high diagnostic performance in detection and diagnosis of CVT. This sequence may be useful to recognize CVT when dedicated CE MRV was not performed in patients with nonspecific neurological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padcha Tunlayadechanont
- Division of Neurological Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arin Chobaroon
- Division of Neurological Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanissara Chansakul
- Division of Neurological Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Le MV, Tran TTT, Huynh LP, Pham TKA, Vo TV, Ly HHV. A Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Clinical Features, Brain Imaging, and Treatment Efficacy in Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:613-621. [PMID: 38405616 PMCID: PMC10893875 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s450561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a challenging condition with potential long-term consequences, but it is also a treatable disorder that offers the possibility of complete recovery. This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the clinical features, brain imaging findings, and treatment outcomes of patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis. Materials and Methods Conducted as a cross-sectional descriptive study, patients diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis were enrolled at Can Tho Central General Hospital between January 2021 and June 2022. Results Notably, a substantial proportion of patients (83.4%) exhibited signs of brain damage, with intracranial hemorrhage (50%), brain infarction (30.9%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (16.6%), and hemorrhagic infarct (4.7%) being the predominant findings. Thrombosis primarily affected the superior sagittal sinus (85.7%), transverse sinus (52.4%), and sigmoid sinus (42.8%). All patients received anticoagulation treatment, resulting in a favorable recovery upon hospital discharge for the majority (90.5%), while a small percentage (9.5%) experienced critical illness or death. Conclusion Our study on cerebral venous thrombosis found diverse clinical presentations, primarily headache. Intracranial hemorrhage was common, affecting superior sagittal, transverse, and sigmoid sinuses. Most patients achieved favorable recoveries with anticoagulation treatment, emphasizing early intervention's importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh Van Le
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tam Thai Thanh Tran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Loc Phu Huynh
- Department of Neurology - Can Tho Central General Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Tho Kieu Anh Pham
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Thi Van Vo
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
| | - Hung Huynh Vinh Ly
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Vietnam
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Aboul Fotouh AM, Helmy SM, Mourad HS, Abdelbaky HA, Hatem G. Clinical, radiological profile and prognostic role of transcranial color-coded duplex in cerebral venous thrombosis: a case-control study. BMC Neurol 2023; 23:295. [PMID: 37550633 PMCID: PMC10405461 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-023-03342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral venous thrombosis is a rare type of stroke, occurring more among young individuals. The presentation is highly variable, and this can delay diagnosis and management, thereby affecting outcome. The aim is to study the clinical, radiological profile, risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and the role of transcranial color-coded duplex (TCCD) in CVT prognosis among Egyptian patients. METHODS Eighty CVT patients and 80 normal healthy individuals were included. Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance venography, and genetic thrombophilia tests were done for patients. Deep cerebral venous system was evaluated using B-mode transcranial color-coded duplex (TCCD) for both groups. RESULTS Showed female predominance with gender specific risk factors being the most common etiology. The most common hereditary thrombophilia was homozygous factor V Leiden mutation and anti-thrombin III (AT III). Headache was the most common presentation. Forty-three patients had transverse sinus thrombosis. Regarding TCCD, there was an increase in mean blood flow velocities, peak flow velocities and end diastolic flow velocities in deep middle cerebral vein and basal veins in CVT group compared to control group. There was a positive correlation not reaching statistical significance between flow velocities in the deep venous system and modified Rankin Scale. CONCLUSION Clinical presentation is extremely variable. In our population, homozygous factor V Leiden mutation and AT III deficiency were the most common. Increased deep cerebral venous system flow velocities using TCCD in patients with CVT reflect their venous hemodynamic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa M Aboul Fotouh
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saraya Street, Al Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sadek Mohamed Helmy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saraya Street, Al Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Husam S Mourad
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saraya Street, Al Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hadeel Ahmed Abdelbaky
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saraya Street, Al Manial, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ghada Hatem
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Al-Saraya Street, Al Manial, Cairo, Egypt.
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Abstract
Headache represents one of the most common disorders in childhood and leads to nearly half a million visits to the physician's office or emergency department every year. Although the estimated prevalence is around 58.4%, the actual incidence of headache in the pediatric population might be underestimated, given only a percentage of cases seek medical attention. The first step in the evaluation of pediatric headache is a detailed clinical history and relevant clinical examinations. AAN and ACR do not recommend neuroimaging for patients with primary headache. However, neuroimaging becomes mandatory in presence of red flags to rule out the underlying cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Camargo
- Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Sangam Kanekar
- Radiology Research, Division of Neuroradiology, Penn State Health, Penn State College of Medicine, Mail Code H066 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Gil-Garcia CA, Alvarez EF, Garcia RC, Mendoza-Lopez AC, Gonzalez-Hermosillo LM, Garcia-Blanco MDC, Valadez ER. Essential topics about the imaging diagnosis and treatment of Hemorrhagic Stroke: a comprehensive review of the 2022 AHA guidelines. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022; 47:101328. [PMID: 35870549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a severe stroke with a high death rate (40 % mortality). The prevalence of hemorrhagic stroke has increased globally, with changes in the underlying cause over time as anticoagulant use and hypertension treatment have improved. The fundamental etiology of ICH and the mechanisms of harm from ICH, particularly the complex interaction between edema, inflammation, and blood product toxicity, have been thoroughly revised by the American Heart Association (AHA) in 2022. Although numerous trials have investigated the best medicinal and surgical management of ICH, there is still no discernible improvement in survival and functional tests. Small vessel diseases, such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) or deep perforator arteriopathy (hypertensive arteriopathy), are the most common causes of spontaneous non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Even though ICH only causes 10-15% of all strokes, it contributes significantly to morbidity and mortality, with few acute or preventive treatments proven effective. Current AHA guidelines acknowledge up to 89% sensitivity for unenhanced brain CT and 81% for brain MRI. The imaging findings of both methods are helpful for initial diagnosis and follow-up, sometimes necessary a few hours after admission, especially for detecting hemorrhagic transformation or hematoma expansion. This review summarized the essential topics on hemorrhagic stroke epidemiology, risk factors, physiopathology, mechanisms of injury, current management approaches, findings in neuroimaging, goals and outcomes, recommendations for lifestyle modifications, and future research directions ICH. A list of updated references is included for each topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ernesto-Roldan Valadez
- Directorado de investigación, Hospital General de Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga," 06720, CDMX, Mexico; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Department of Radiology, 119992, Moscow, Russia.
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Gul B, Samanci C, Uluduz DU, Alis D, Midi I, Kocer N, Islak C, Kizilkilic O. Does measurement of the jugular foramen diameter on MRI help to differentiate transverse sinus thrombosis from unilateral transverse sinus hypoplasia? Radiol Med 2020; 126:430-436. [PMID: 32857273 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01265-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The transverse sinus (TS) is a frequent location of cerebral venous thrombosis. However, unilateral TS hypoplasia is a frequent variation and radiological imaging pitfall in the diagnosis because it may mimic unilateral TS thrombosis. The purpose of this study is to find a cutoff value for bilateral jugular foramen (JF) diameter ratios on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for differentiating TS thrombosis from TS hypoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed magnetic resonance venography results for 174 patients with reduced unilateral TS caliber resulting from either unilateral thrombosis (80 patients) or unilateral hypoplasia (94 patients). We calculated the ratio by proportioning the diameter of the JF ipsilateral to the TS with caliber reduction to the diameter of the contralateral JF. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the ratios between thrombosis and hypoplasia groups, and the cutoff value was calculated by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The ratio of bilateral JF diameters was lower in patients with hypoplasia than those with thrombosis (P < .01). The cutoff value to determine the diagnosis of TS hypoplasia with maximum accuracy was 0.638, with a sensitivity of 91.3% and specificity of 64.9%. CONCLUSION In equivocal cases, calculating the cutoff value by proportioning the diameter of JF ipsilateral to the TS with caliber reduction to the contralateral JF seems to be an efficient, quick, and straightforward method and valuable aid to differentiate TS thrombosis from TS hypoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Gul
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Cesur Samanci
- Department of Radiology, Sultan Abdulhamidhan Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Ugurlu Uluduz
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Alis
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ipek Midi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Naci Kocer
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Civan Islak
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Kizilkilic
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Canedo-Antelo M, Baleato-González S, Mosqueira AJ, Casas-Martínez J, Oleaga L, Vilanova JC, Luna-Alcalá A, García-Figueiras R. Radiologic Clues to Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Radiographics 2019; 39:1611-1628. [DOI: 10.1148/rg.2019190015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Clive B, Vincer M, Ahmad T, Khan N, Afifi J, El-Naggar W. Epidemiology of neonatal stroke: A population-based study. Paediatr Child Health 2019; 25:20-25. [PMID: 33390736 DOI: 10.1093/pch/pxy194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The goal of this study was to obtain population-based data on the incidence, clinical presentation, management, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of patients with all types of neonatal stroke (NS). Methods Full-term neonates with NS born between January 2007 and December 2013 were identified through the Nova Scotia Provincial Perinatal Follow-up Program Database. Perinatal data and neonatal course were reviewed. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were assessed at 18 and 36 months of age using standardized testing. Results Twenty-nine neonates with NS were identified during the study period, giving an incidence of 47 per 100,000 live births in Nova Scotia. Arterial ischemic stroke was the most common stroke type (76%), followed by neonatal hemorrhagic stroke (17%), then cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (7%). The majority of neonates presented with seizures (86%) on the first day of life (76%). At 36 months of age, 23 (79%) of the children had a normal outcome, while 3 (10%) were diagnosed with cerebral palsy (2 with neonatal arterial stroke and one with neonatal hemorrhagic stroke) and 3 (10%) had recurrent seizures (1 patient from each stroke subtype group). Conclusion The incidence of NS in Nova Scotia is higher than what has been reported internationally in the literature. However, the neurodevelopmental outcomes at 3 years of age are better. Further studies are required to better understand the reasons for these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna Clive
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Michael Vincer
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Tahani Ahmad
- Departemnt of Diagnostic Imaging, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Naeem Khan
- Departemnt of Diagnostic Imaging, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Jehier Afifi
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
| | - Walid El-Naggar
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia
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Alshurafa S, Alfilfil W, Alshurafa A, Alhashim K. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in a young female misdiagnosed as migraine ending in a permanent vegetative state: a case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Rep 2018; 12:323. [PMID: 30343667 PMCID: PMC6196570 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-018-1846-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral venous thrombosis refers to acute thrombosis or blood clots that can lead to strokes. This illness can be misdiagnosed as a migraine, resulting in a delay in management and catastrophic outcomes. We present a pitfall case that highlights the importance of careful history taking and physician awareness in diagnosing cerebral venous thrombosis. CASE PRESENTATION A recently married, previously healthy, young Arabic female presented to the emergency department three times with a complaint of throbbing frontal headache for the past 2 days with no neurological deficit. During her first two visits, she was seen by a junior general practitioner and was prescribed analgesics only as her migraine was precipitated by oral contraceptives and low hemoglobin. No imaging was requested during that visit. At the third visit, she underwent plain computed tomography of the head that was interpreted by an emergency consultant, who revealed the diagnosis despite limited resources. Unfortunately, the patient developed complications of the hydrocephalus, transtentorial brain herniation, and intraventricular hemorrhage that required multiple neurosurgical interventions and resulted in a permanent vegetative state. CONCLUSIONS Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is an uncommon and tricky condition with unpredictable presentation and prognosis. A physician needs to have a high index of suspicion to diagnose it, especially when the patient presents with uncomplicated complaints. These simple complaints, such as headaches, usually lead to misdiagnosis and delay the appropriate diagnosis and management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wadiah Alfilfil
- Prince Mohammed Bin Abdul-Aziz Hospital PMAH, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayah Alshurafa
- Maternity and Children Hospital MCH, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Dmytriw AA, Song JSA, Yu E, Poon CS. Cerebral venous thrombosis: state of the art diagnosis and management. Neuroradiology 2018; 60:669-685. [PMID: 29752489 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-018-2032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article aims to discuss the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and neuroimaging of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). Different approaches for diagnosis of CVT, including CT/CTV, MRI/MRV, and US will be discussed and the reader will become acquainted with imaging findings as well as limitations of each modality. Lastly, this exhibit will review the standard of care for CVT treatment and emerging endovascular options. METHODS A literature search using PubMed and the MEDLINE subengine was completed using the terms "cerebral venous thrombosis," "stroke," and "imaging." Studies reporting on the workup, imaging characteristics, clinical history, and management of patients with CVT were included. RESULTS The presentation of CVT is often non-specific and requires a high index of clinical suspicion. Signs of CVT on NECT can be divided into indirect signs (edema, parenchymal hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and rarely subdural hematomas) and less commonly direct signs (visualization of dense thrombus within a vein or within the cerebral venous sinuses). Confirmation is performed with CTV, directly demonstrating the thrombus as a filling defect, or MRI/MRV, which also provides superior characterization of parenchymal abnormalities. General pitfalls and anatomic variants will also be discussed. Lastly, endovascular management options including thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy are discussed. CONCLUSIONS CVT is a relatively uncommon phenomenon and frequently overlooked at initial presentation. Familiarity with imaging features and diagnostic work-up of CVT will help in providing timely diagnosis and therapy which can significantly improve outcome and diminish the risk of acute and long-term complications, optimizing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam A Dmytriw
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul St, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada.
| | - Jin Soo A Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul St, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Eugene Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, 263 McCaul St, 4th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5T 1W7, Canada
| | - Colin S Poon
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Trombosis de senos venosos durales. Diagnóstico inesperado cerebral. Semergen 2017; 43:523-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semerg.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Furuya S, Kawabori M, Fujima N, Tokairin K, Goto S, Iwasaki M, Niiya Y, Mabuchi S. Serial Arterial Spin Labeling May Be Useful in Assessing the Therapeutic Course of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: Case Reports. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2017; 57:557-561. [PMID: 28835576 PMCID: PMC5638783 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.cr.2017-0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two cases of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) which serial arterial spin labeling (ASL) was useful in evaluating the clinical course of the disease. A 48-year-old female presented with acute seizure, and was diagnosed as transverse-sigmoid sinus thrombosis. ASL imaging revealed low signal intensity in the right temporal lobe, suggesting the decreased perfusion by elevated venous pressure. Soon after the treatment, while the development of venous collateral has not fully observed by magnetic resonance (MR) angiography, low ASL signal within the right temporal lobe have shown remarkable improvement. A 65-year-old female presented with vomiting and subsequent seizure was diagnosed as superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. The low ASL signal within the right frontal lobe seen in the acute stage improved to the normal level by the course of time, before the good collateral can be seen by MR angiography. This is the first report to assess the sequential change of the cerebral perfusion of CVT by ASL, and ASL may provide additional useful information in combination with conventional modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Furuya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otaru General Hospital
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otaru General Hospital.,Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriyuki Fujima
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hokkaido University Hospital
| | | | - Shuho Goto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Otaru General Hospital
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Diagnostic Performance of MRI Sequences for Evaluation of Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:1298-306. [PMID: 27010526 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of routinely used MRI sequences with and without contrast enhancement in the diagnostic evaluation of dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified consecutive patients older than 18 years who underwent concurrent standardized brain MRI and contrast-enhanced (CE) MR venography (MRV) examinations for suspected DVST. The seven MRI sequences that were used (axial unenhanced T1-weighted, T1-weighted CE, T2-weighted, DWI, T2-weighted FLAIR, T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo [GRE], and sagittal 3D T1-weighted GRE CE sequences) were randomized, anonymized, and reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists who were blinded to the final diagnosis. Ten separate venous sinus segments were evaluated. CE MRV was the reference standard for determining the presence or absence of DVST, and it was performed using the following imaging parameters: TR/TE, 4.1-77/1.4-9.5; flip angle, 12-35°; and slice thickness, 0.8-1.4 mm. The diagnostic performance of and interobserver variability for each sequence was assessed per patient and per segment. RESULTS Thirty-six patients with DVST (72% of whom had acute thrombosis and 28% of whom had chronic thrombosis) and 29 patients without DVST were included in the study. For each sequence, the AUC values for the detection of DVST per patient, as determined by reviewer 1 and reviewer 2, respectively, were as follows: for T1-weighted unenhanced sequences, 55% and 61%; for T1-weighted CE sequences, 79% and 80%; for T2-weighted sequences, 77% and 76%; for DWI sequences, 59% and 64%; for T2-weighted FLAIR sequences, 70% and 72%; for T2-weighted GRE sequences, 64% and 66%; and for the 3D T1-weighted GRE CE sequence, 77% and 81%. The diagnostic performance of the 3D T1-weighted GRE CE sequences was statistically significantly greater than that of the other sequences. Interobserver variability ranged from 0.26 (for T1-weighted unenhanced sequences) to 0.73 (for the DWI sequence). Overall, for each reviewer and with the use of all evaluated sequences, MRI had a high sensitivity (> 99% for both reviewers) but low specificity (14% for reviewer 1 and 48% for reviewer 2) for the detection of DVST. CONCLUSION Sequences used in routine brain MRI performed with and without contrast enhancement have varying strengths that are important to recognize when the likelihood of DVST is assessed, but they do not replace the utility of dedicated CE MRV.
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