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The Effects of Combined Exposure to Simulated Microgravity, Ionizing Radiation, and Cortisol on the In Vitro Wound Healing Process. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020246. [PMID: 36672184 PMCID: PMC9857207 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human spaceflight is associated with several health-related issues as a result of long-term exposure to microgravity, ionizing radiation, and higher levels of psychological stress. Frequent reported skin problems in space include rashes, itches, and a delayed wound healing. Access to space is restricted by financial and logistical issues; as a consequence, experimental sample sizes are often small, which limits the generalization of the results. Earth-based simulation models can be used to investigate cellular responses as a result of exposure to certain spaceflight stressors. Here, we describe the development of an in vitro model of the simulated spaceflight environment, which we used to investigate the combined effect of simulated microgravity using the random positioning machine (RPM), ionizing radiation, and stress hormones on the wound-healing capacity of human dermal fibroblasts. Fibroblasts were exposed to cortisol, after which they were irradiated with different radiation qualities (including X-rays, protons, carbon ions, and iron ions) followed by exposure to simulated microgravity using a random positioning machine (RPM). Data related to the inflammatory, proliferation, and remodeling phase of wound healing has been collected. Results show that spaceflight stressors can interfere with the wound healing process at any phase. Moreover, several interactions between the different spaceflight stressors were found. This highlights the complexity that needs to be taken into account when studying the effect of spaceflight stressors on certain biological processes and for the aim of countermeasures development.
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Radstake WE, Baselet B, Baatout S, Verslegers M. Spaceflight Stressors and Skin Health. Biomedicines 2022; 10:364. [PMID: 35203572 PMCID: PMC8962330 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traveling to space puts astronauts at risk of developing serious health problems. Of particular interest is the skin, which is vitally important in protecting the body from harmful environmental factors. Although data obtained from long-duration spaceflight studies are inconsistent, there have been indications of increased skin sensitivity and signs of dermal atrophy in astronauts. To better understand the effects of spaceflight stressors including microgravity, ionizing radiation and psychological stress on the skin, researchers have turned to in vitro and in vivo simulation models mimicking certain aspects of the spaceflight environment. In this review, we provide an overview of these simulation models and highlight studies that have improved our understanding on the effect of simulation spaceflight stressors on skin function. Data show that all aforementioned spaceflight stressors can affect skin health. Nevertheless, there remains a knowledge gap regarding how different spaceflight stressors in combination may interact and affect skin health. In future, efforts should be made to better simulate the spaceflight environment and reduce uncertainties related to long-duration spaceflight health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina E. Radstake
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Verslegers
- Radiobiology Unit, SCK CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, 2400 Mol, Belgium; (W.E.R.); (S.B.); (M.V.)
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Beheshti A, Miller J, Kidane Y, Berrios D, Gebre SG, Costes SV. NASA GeneLab Project: Bridging Space Radiation Omics with Ground Studies. Radiat Res 2018; 189:553-559. [DOI: 10.1667/rr15062.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Beheshti
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Jack Miller
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720
| | - Yared Kidane
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Daniel Berrios
- USRA, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, Calfornia 94035
| | - Samrawit G. Gebre
- Wyle Labs, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, California, 94035
| | - Sylvain V. Costes
- NASA Ames Research Center, Space Biosciences Division, Moffett Field, California 94035
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Zhao H, Rieger S, Abe K, Hewison M, Lisse TS. DNA Damage-Inducible Transcript 4 Is an Innate Surveillant of Hair Follicular Stress in Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice and a Regulator of Wound Re-Epithelialization. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17121984. [PMID: 27898044 PMCID: PMC5187784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17121984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mice and human patients with impaired vitamin D receptor (VDR) signaling have normal developmental hair growth but display aberrant post-morphogenic hair cycle progression associated with alopecia. In addition, VDR–/– mice exhibit impaired cutaneous wound healing. We undertook experiments to determine whether the stress-inducible regulator of energy homeostasis, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4 (Ddit4), is involved in these processes. By analyzing hair cycle activation in vivo, we show that VDR−/− mice at day 14 exhibit increased Ddit4 expression within follicular stress compartments. At day 29, degenerating VDR−/− follicular keratinocytes, but not bulge stem cells, continue to exhibit an increase in Ddit4 expression. At day 47, when normal follicles and epidermis are quiescent and enriched for Ddit4, VDR−/− skin lacks Ddit4 expression. In a skin wound healing assay, the re-epithelialized epidermis in wildtype (WT) but not VDR−/− animals harbor a population of Ddit4- and Krt10-positive cells. Our study suggests that VDR regulates Ddit4 expression during epidermal homeostasis and the wound healing process, while elevated Ddit4 represents an early growth-arresting stress response within VDR−/− follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengguang Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
| | - Sandra Rieger
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
| | - Koichiro Abe
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Martin Hewison
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- Kathryn W. Davis Center for Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, 159 Old Bar Harbor Road, Salisbury Cove, ME 04672, USA.
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA.
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von Neubeck C, Geniza MJ, Kauer PM, Robinson RJ, Chrisler WB, Sowa MB. The effect of low dose ionizing radiation on homeostasis and functional integrity in an organotypic human skin model. Mutat Res 2015; 775:10-8. [PMID: 25839759 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Outside the protection of Earth's atmosphere, astronauts are exposed to low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation. Future NASA plans for deep space missions or a permanent settlement on the moon are limited by the health risks associated with space radiation exposures. There is a paucity of direct epidemiological data for low dose exposures to space radiation-relevant high LET ions. Health risk models are used to estimate the risk for such exposures, though these models are based on high dose experiments. There is increasing evidence, however, that low and high dose exposures result in different signaling events at the molecular level, and may involve different response mechanisms. Further, despite their low abundance, high LET particles have been identified as the major contributor to health risk during manned space flight. The human skin is exposed in every external radiation scenario, making it an ideal epithelial tissue model in which to study radiation induced effects. Here, we exposed an in vitro three dimensional (3-D) human organotypic skin tissue model to low doses of high LET oxygen (O), silicon (Si) and iron (Fe) ions. We measured proliferation and differentiation profiles in the skin tissue and examined the integrity of the skin's barrier function. We discuss the role of secondary particles in changing the proportion of cells receiving a radiation dose, emphasizing the possible impact on radiation-induced health issues in astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claere von Neubeck
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Dresden, OncoRay - National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthew J Geniza
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR 97331, USA
| | - Paula M Kauer
- Health Impacts and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
| | - R Joe Robinson
- Health Impacts and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
| | - William B Chrisler
- Health Impacts and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA
| | - Marianne B Sowa
- Health Impacts and Exposure Science, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland WA 99352, USA.
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Hirobe T, Eguchi-Kasai K, Sugaya K, Murakami M. Effects of low-dose heavy ions on embryonic development in mice and on melanocyte differentiation in the epidermis and hair bulb. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:409-418. [PMID: 23230241 PMCID: PMC3650742 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of prenatal low-dose irradiation with heavy ions on embryonic development in mice and on melanocyte differentiation are not well understood. We performed whole-body irradiation of pregnant C57BL/10J mice at embryonic Day 9 (E9) with a single dose of γ-rays, silicon, argon or iron ions. The number of living embryos and embryonic body weight at E18 decreased after exposure to heavy ions at high doses. Malformations such as small eyes and limb anomalies were observed in heavy-ion-treated embryos, but not in γ-ray-treated embryos. The frequency of abnormally curved tails was increased by exposure to γ-rays and argon and iron ions even at a dose of 0.1 Gy (P < 0.05). In contrast, a dose-dependent decrease in the number of epidermal melanoblasts/melanocytes and hair bulb melanocytes was observed after 0.1 Gy irradiation with γ-rays or heavy ions (P < 0.01). The decrease in the number of dorsal hair bulb melanocytes, dorsal and ventral epidermal melanoblasts/melanocytes and ventral hair bulb melanocytes was not necessarily correlated with the linear energy transfer of the radiation tested. Moreover, the effects of heavy ions were larger on the ventral skin than on the dorsal skin, indicating that the sensitivity of melanocytes to heavy ions differs between the dorsal and ventral skin. Taken together, these results suggest that the effects of the low-dose heavy ions differ between cell types and tissues, and the effects on the prenatal development of mice and melanocyte development are not necessarily greater than those of γ-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hirobe
- The Fukushima Reconstruction Aid Headquarters, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Hirobe T, Eguchi-Kasai K, Sugaya K, Murakami M. Effects of low-dose heavy ions on the postnatal development of mice and the yield of white spots in the mid-ventrum and tail-tips. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2011; 52:278-286. [PMID: 21343674 DOI: 10.1269/jrr.10140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Effects of prenatal low-dose irradiations of heavy ions on the postnatal development of mice and of melanocytes have not been well studied. Pregnant females of C57BL/10J mice were irradiated whole-body at 9 days of gestation with a single acute dose of γ-rays, silicon (Si, 57 keV/µm), argon (Ar, 100 keV/µm) and iron (Fe, 220 keV/µm) ions. The effects were studied by scoring changes in the postnatal development of mice as well as in the pigmentation of cutaneous coats and tail-tips of their offspring 22 days after birth. The survival to day 22 decreased from the offspring exposed to 0.4 Gy of argon and iron ions and to 0.75 Gy of silicon ions. White spots were found in the mid-ventrum and tail-tips of irradiated offspring. The frequency and size of the white spots in the mid-ventrum in mice exposed to silicon, argon and iron ions were greater than those of γ-rays. Even in the low dose (0.1 Gy), γ-rays and heavy ions increased the frequency of the ventral spots. The RBE estimated by the frequency of the ventral spots was 2.3 (Si), 3.1 (Ar) and 4.5 (Fe). These results suggest that prenatal exposure to heavy ions possesses a greater effect on the postnatal development of mice as well as melanocyte development than does exposure to γ-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohisa Hirobe
- Radiation Effect Mechanisms Research Group, Research Center for Radiation Protection, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba.
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