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Zhang S, Wang S, Fan YY, Liu WC, Zheng YN, Wang Z, Ren S, Li W. Preparation of a new resource food-arabinogalactan and its protective effect against enterotoxicity in IEC-6 cells by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 249:126124. [PMID: 37543271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides can be used as bioactive natural polymers that provide health benefits, however high molecular weight neutral polysaccharides have not shown good bioactivity. In this study, high molecular weight neutral arabinogalactan was isolated and structurally characterized to investigate it antioxidant activity against IEC-6 cells. In this study, a neutral polysaccharide (AG-40-I-II) was obtained from the roots of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. and purified using ethanol fractional precipitation and purification on a DEAE-52 cellulose column and a Superose 12 gel filtration column. The structural characteristics of AG-40-I-II was detected by chemical and spectroscopic methods. The results showed that the average molecular weight of AG-40-I-II was 18.6 kDa, the main chain was composed of →4)-β-D-Gal-(1, → 4, 6)-β-D-Gal-(1 and →4)-β- D-Glc-(1, the side chain is composed of T-β-L-Araf(1 → 6). The effect of AG-40-I-II on H2O2-induced IEC-6 cell injury was determined by MTT method. Besides, AG-40-I-II could reduce the level of MDA and increase SOD activity on IEC-6 cells, which could significantly inhibit the production of ROS. Importantly, AG-40-I-II inhibited the splicing of XBP1 by IRE1α through the ERS pathway and reduced the cell apoptosis induced by H2O2. In summary, the results of this study indicate that AG-40-I-II, as a natural source of plant polysaccharides, has good antioxidant activity, and is expected to become a safe plant source of natural antioxidants, which has great potential in biomedicine potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yu-Ying Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Wen-Cong Liu
- School of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Wuzhou University, Wuzhou 543003, China
| | - Yi-Nan Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Zi Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Shen Ren
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; College of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
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Xu Y, Chen J, Shi S, Gao W, Wu J, Gong H, Zhao Y, Chen W, Wang H, Wang S. Structure characterization of pectin from the pollen of Typha angustifolia L. and the inhibition activity of lipid accumulation in oleic acid induced L02 cells. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120452. [PMID: 36657842 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pollen of Typha angustifolia L. decoction was clinically used to treat hyperlipidemia in China. A pectin polysaccharide (PTPS-2-2) was obtained from T. angustifolia pollen through water extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel chromatography. Structural characterization showed that PTPS-2-2 had a molecular weight of 54 kDa and was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, xylose, galactose, and galacturonic acid with a molar ratio of 11.5: 36.5: 4.1: 36.7: 11.2. PTPS-2-2 consisted of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) and arabinogalactan II (AG-II) domains. Its backbone was predominantly composed of →4-α-D-GalpA-(1 → 2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→, with branches of 1,3-Galp, 1,6-Galp, 1,3,6-Galp, T-Araf, 1.5-Araf and T-Xylp, connected to the 4-position of 1,2-Rhap and the 3-position of 1,4-GalpA. The inhibitory effect of PTPS-2-2 on lipid accumulation was studied in vitro, using L02 cells induced by oleic acid. This experiment shows that PTPS-2-2 treatment at 100-400 μg/mL dose-dependently reduce cellular triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, while elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. This indicated that PTPS-2-2 potentially ameliorated oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis by inhibiting lipid accumulation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Songshan Shi
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Wei Gao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Huan Gong
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Yonglin Zhao
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Weihao Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China
| | - Huijun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
| | - Shunchun Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and the SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, PR China.
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An arabinogalactan isolated from Pollen Typhae induces the apoptosis of RKO cells by promoting macrophage polarization. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 299:120216. [PMID: 36876818 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An arabinogalactan (PTPS-1-2) was isolated and characterized from Pollen Typhae, and its potential antitumor effects on activating macrophages to produce immunomodulatory factors and promoting apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells were investigated. Structural characterization showed that PTPS-1-2 had a molecular weight of 59 kDa and was composed of rhamnose, arabinose, glucuronic acid, galactose, and galacturonic acid with a molar ratio of 7.6: 17.1: 6.5: 61.4: 7.4. Its backbone was predominantly composed of T-β-D-Galp, 1,3-β-D-Galp, 1,6-β-D-Galp, 1,3,6-β-D-Galp, 1,4-α-D-GalpA, 1,2-α-L-Rhap, additionally, branches contained 1,5-α-L-Araf, T-α-L-Araf, T-β-D-4-OMe-GlcpA, T-β-D-GlcpA and T-α-L-Rhap. PTPS-1-2 activated RAW264.7 cell by triggering the NF-kB signaling pathway and M1 macrophage polarization. Furthermore, the conditioned medium (CM) of Mφ pretreated with PTPS-1-2 exerted marked antitumor effects by inhibiting RKO cell proliferation and suppressing cell colony formation. Collectively, our findings suggested that PTPS-1-2 might be a therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of tumors.
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Polysaccharides in Selenium-Enriched Tea: Extraction Performance under Innovative Technologies and Antioxidant Activities. Foods 2022; 11:foods11172545. [PMID: 36076731 PMCID: PMC9455174 DOI: 10.3390/foods11172545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEF) and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UE) were applied to improve the extraction performance of selenium-enriched tea polysaccharides (Se−TPSs) in mild conditions. Two combined extraction processes were investigated: (1) PEF strength at 10 kV/cm followed by conventional extraction (CE) at 50 °C for 60 min and (2) PEF+UE (PEF strength at 10 kV/cm followed by UE at 400 W for 60 min). The optimal extraction yields, and energy consumption rates were obtained at 36.86% and 41.53% and 78.78 kJ/mg and 133.91 kJ/mg, respectively. The Se−TPSs were analyzed and characterized by GPC, UV, and FT-IR, which evidenced the structural stability of the Se−TPSs during the extraction processes. It was found that PEF and UE could reduce the particle size diameter of the Se−TPS extract, as well as the proportion of uronic acid. Moreover, PEF could increase the selenium content in the Se−TPS extract by 160.14% due to a lower extraction temperature compared to conventional extraction. The antioxidant activities of the Se−TPSs in vitro were investigated using OH, O2−, and ABTS+ scavenging experiments, as well as a total antioxidant ability evaluation. It was found that the antioxidant activity of the Se−TPSs obtained using PEF2+CE2 was relatively high due to the potential synergistic effect between the selenium and polysaccharides. Based on these results, we speculate that PEF2+CE2 was the best extraction process for the Se−TPSs. Furthermore, this research indicates the application of selenium-enriched tea for functional food production.
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Sun L, Sun Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Ren J, Cui M, Wang Y, Ji K, Li P, Li Q, Chen P, Dai S, Duan C, Wu Y, Leng P. Suppression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, which encodes a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, alters fruit texture in transgenic tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 158:283-98. [PMID: 22108525 PMCID: PMC3252109 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.186866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell wall catabolism during fruit ripening is under complex control and is key for fruit quality and shelf life. To examine the role of abscisic acid (ABA) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit ripening, we suppressed SlNCED1, which encodes 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ABA. To suppress SlNCED1 specifically in tomato fruits, and thus avoid the pleiotropic phenotypes associated with ABA deficiency, we used an RNA interference construct driven by the fruit-specific E8 promoter. ABA accumulation and SlNCED1 transcript levels in the transgenic fruit were down-regulated to between 20% and 50% of the levels measured in the control fruit. This significant reduction in NCED activity led to a down-regulation in the transcription of genes encoding major cell wall catabolic enzymes, specifically polygalacturonase (SlPG), pectin methyl esterase (SlPME), β-galactosidase precursor mRNA (SlTBG), xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (SlXET), endo-1,4-β-cellulose (SlCels), and expansin (SlExp). This resulted in an increased accumulation of pectin during ripening. In turn, this led to a significant extension of the shelf life to 15 to 29 d compared with a shelf life of only 7 d for the control fruit and an enhancement of fruit firmness at the mature stage by 30% to 45%. In conclusion, ABA affects cell wall catabolism during tomato fruit ripening via down-regulation of the expression of major catabolic genes (SlPG, SlPME, SlTBG, SlXET, SlCels, and SlExp).
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