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Yasuda A, Mizote A, Miyata M, Kurose M, Ogawa T, Sadakiyo T, Uchida S, Yamamoto T, Mitsuzumi H, Aga H, Yamamoto K. Development of a method for preparing cyclic nigerosylnigerose syrup and investigation of its value as a dietary fiber. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:780-791. [PMID: 35348590 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) syrup, containing 76% water-soluble dietary fiber, was prepared from starch on an industrial scale, using isoamylase, 6-α-glucosyltransferase, 3-α-isomaltosyltransferase, and cyclodextrin glucanotransferase. CNN syrup has a unique linkage pattern, consisting mainly of α-1,3 and α-1,6 glucoside linkages, and is characterized by its low weight average molecular weight (807) and moderate sweetness (relative sweetness = 25), unlike in well-known dietary fiber materials. The glass transition temperature of CNN is higher than that of the straight chain structures, maltotetraose and maltosyltrehalose. Even when 40% of normally added sucrose was replaced with CNN syrup, sponge cake puffed up sufficiently. The no observed adverse effect level for a single dose of CNN syrup was 0.88 and 0.89 g dry solid/kg body weight for men and women, respectively. The increase in blood glucose and insulin concentrations during consumption of CNN syrup was lower than that of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Yasuda
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Akiko Mizote
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Miyata
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Mayumi Kurose
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Toru Ogawa
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Satoko Uchida
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takuo Yamamoto
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Hajime Aga
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | - Koryu Yamamoto
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., 675-1 Fujisaki, Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Mizote A, Yasuda A, Yoshizane C, Ishida Y, Kakuta S, Endo S, Mitsuzumi H, Ushio S. Evaluation of the relative available energy of cyclic nigerosylnigerose using breath hydrogen excretion in healthy humans. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1485-1491. [PMID: 33881472 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic tetrasaccharide with properties distinct from those of other conventional cyclodextrins. We investigated the relative available energy of CNN in healthy humans. CNN digestibility was determined using brush border membrane vesicles from the small intestines of rats. CNN was not hydrolyzed by rat intestinal enzymes. To investigate breath hydrogen excretion, 13 human subjects were included in a double-blind cross-over, randomized, placebo-controlled study. The effects of CNN on hydrogen excretion were compared with those of a typical nondigestible, fermentable fructooligosaccharide (FOS). In the study participants, hydrogen excretion hardly increased upon CNN and was remarkably lower than for FOS. The available energy value was determined using the fermentability based on breath hydrogen excretion and was evaluated as 0 kcal/g for CNN. CNN was hardly metabolized and hence may be used as a low-energy dietary fiber.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuki Ishida
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Shin Endo
- HAYASHIBARA CO., LTD., Naka-ku, Okayama, Japan
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Prebiotic Potential of Oligosaccharides Obtained by Acid Hydrolysis of α-(1→3)-Glucan from Laetiporus sulphureus: A Pilot Study. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235542. [PMID: 33255915 PMCID: PMC7728339 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing knowledge of the role of the intestinal microbiome in human health and well-being has resulted in increased interest in prebiotics, mainly oligosaccharides of various origins. To date, there are no reports in the literature on the prebiotic properties of oligosaccharides produced by the hydrolysis of pure fungal α-(1→3)-glucan. The aim of this study was to prepare α-(1→3)-glucooligosaccharides (α-(1→3)-GOS) and to perform initial evaluation of their prebiotic potential. The oligosaccharides were obtained by acid hydrolysis of α-(1→3)-glucan isolated from the fruiting bodies of Laetiporus sulphureus and then, characterized by HPLC. Fermentation of α-(1→3)-GOS and reference prebiotics was compared in in vitro pure cultures of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and enteric bacterial strains. A mixture of α-(1→3)-GOS, notably with a degree of polymerization of 2 to 9, was obtained. The hydrolysate was utilized for growth by most of the Lactobacillus strains tested and showed a strong bifidogenic effect, but did not promote the growth of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. α-(1→3)-GOS proved to be effective in the selective stimulation of beneficial bacteria and can be further tested to determine their prebiotic functionality.
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Matencio A, Caldera F, Cecone C, López-Nicolás JM, Trotta F. Cyclic Oligosaccharides as Active Drugs, an Updated Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E281. [PMID: 33003610 PMCID: PMC7601923 DOI: 10.3390/ph13100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There have been many reviews of the cyclic oligosaccharide cyclodextrin (CD) and CD-based materials used for drug delivery, but the capacity of CDs to complex different agents and their own intrinsic properties suggest they might also be considered for use as active drugs, not only as carriers. The aim of this review is to summarize the direct use of CDs as drugs, without using its complexing potential with other substances. The direct application of another oligosaccharide called cyclic nigerosyl-1,6-nigerose (CNN) is also described. The review is divided into lipid-related diseases, aggregation diseases, antiviral and antiparasitic activities, anti-anesthetic agent, function in diet, removal of organic toxins, CDs and collagen, cell differentiation, and finally, their use in contact lenses in which no drug other than CDs are involved. In the case of CNN, its application as a dietary supplement and immunological modulator is explained. Finally, a critical structure-activity explanation is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Matencio
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Fabrizio Caldera
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (F.T.)
| | - Claudio Cecone
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (F.T.)
| | - José Manuel López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular A, Unidad Docente de Biología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain;
| | - Francesco Trotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy; (F.C.); (C.C.); (F.T.)
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TSURUTA T, KATSUMATA E, MIZOTE A, JIAN HJ, MUHOMAH TA, NISHINO N. Cyclic nigerosylnigerose ameliorates DSS-induced colitis with restoration of goblet cell number and increase in IgA reactivity against gut microbiota in mice. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2020; 39:188-196. [PMID: 32775139 PMCID: PMC7392908 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2020-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic nigerosylnigerose (CNN) is a cyclic oligosaccharide. Oral administration of CNN promotes immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion in the gut. IgA is a major antibody secreted into the gut and plays a crucial role in suppressing gut inflammation due to commensal gut microbiota. To investigate the effect of administration of CNN to promote IgA secretion on gut inflammation, experimental colitis was induced with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in Balb/c mice after 6 weeks of CNN pre-feeding. The severity of colitis was evaluated based on a disease activity index (DAI), the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, and a histological examination. The CNN-treated mice with DSS-induced colitis (CNN-DSS group) showed significantly lower DAI scores and mRNA levels of interleukin-1 compared with the CNN-untreated mice with DSS-induced colitis (DSS group). Histological examination of the colon revealed that the pathological score was significantly lower in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group due to the reduced infiltration of immune cells. The number of goblet cells was significantly higher in the CNN-DSS group compared with the DSS group. The IgA concentration and the ratio of microbiota coated with IgA were evaluated in the cecal content. Although there was no difference in the IgA concentration among groups, a higher proportion of cecal microbiota were coated with IgA in the CNN-DSS group compared with that in the DSS group. These results suggest that CNN might preserve goblet cells in the colon and promote IgA coating of gut microbiota, which synergistically ameliorate gut inflammation in mice with DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi TSURUTA
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Emiko KATSUMATA
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | | | - Hou Jian JIAN
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Teresia Aluoch MUHOMAH
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
| | - Naoki NISHINO
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushimanaka, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8530,
Japan
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Oral immunization with recombinant enterovirus 71 VP1 formulated with chitosan protects mice against lethal challenge. Virol J 2014; 11:80. [PMID: 24885121 PMCID: PMC4022980 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the etiologic agent of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) in the Asia-Pacific region, Many strategies have been applied to develop EV71 vaccines but no vaccines are currently available. Mucosal immunization of the VP1, a major immunogenic capsid protein of EV71, may be an alternative way to prevent EV71 infection. Results In this study, mucosal immunogenicity and protect function of recombinant VP1 protein (rVP1) in formulation with chitosan were tested and assessed in female ICR mouse model. The results showed that the oral immunization with rVP1 induced VP1-specific IgA antibodies in intestine, feces, vagina, and the respiratory tract and serum-specific IgG and neutralization antibodies in vaccinated mice. Splenocytes from rVP1-immunized mice induced high levels of Th1 (cytokine IFN-γ), Th2 (cytokine IL-4) and Th3 (cytokine TGF-β) type immune responses after stimulation. Moreover, rVP1-immunized mother mice conferred protection (survival rate up to 30%) on neonatal mice against a lethal challenge of 103 plaque-forming units (PFU) EV71. Conclusions These data indicated that oral immunization with rVP1 in formulation with chitosan was effective in inducing broad-spectrum immune responses and might be a promising subunit vaccine candidate for preventing EV71 infection.
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Goffin D, Delzenne N, Blecker C, Hanon E, Deroanne C, Paquot M. Will isomalto-oligosaccharides, a well-established functional food in Asia, break through the European and American market? The status of knowledge on these prebiotics. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2011; 51:394-409. [PMID: 21491266 DOI: 10.1080/10408391003628955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This critical review article presents the current state of knowledge on isomalto-oligosaccharides, some well known functional oligosaccharides in Asia, to evaluate their potential as emergent prebiotics in the American and European functional food market. It includes first a unique inventory of the different families of compounds which have been considered as IMOs and their specific structure. A description has been given of the different production methods including the involved enzymes and their specific activities, the substrates, and the types of IMOs produced. Considering the structural complexity of IMO products, specific characterization methods are described, as well as purification methods which enable the body to get rid of digestible oligosaccharides. Finally, an extensive review of their techno-functional and nutritional properties enables placing IMOs inside the growing prebiotic market. This review is of particular interest considering that IMO commercialization in America and Europe is a topical subject due to the recent submission by Bioneutra Inc. (Canada) of a novel food file to the UK Food Standards Agency, as well as several patents for IMO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothee Goffin
- Department of Industrial Biological Chemistry, University of Liege - Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Passage des D´eport´es, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium.
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