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Slavokhotova AA, Rogozhin EA. Defense Peptides From the α-Hairpinin Family Are Components of Plant Innate Immunity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:465. [PMID: 32391035 PMCID: PMC7191063 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant immunity represents a sophisticated system, including both basal and inducible mechanisms, to prevent pathogen infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are among the innate immunity components playing a key role in effective and rapid response against various pathogens. This review is devoted to a small family of defense peptides called α-hairpinins. The general characters of the family, as well as the individual features of each member, including biological activities, structures of precursor proteins, and spatial structures, are described. Possible applications of α-hairpinin peptides in drug design are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Slavokhotova
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene A. Rogozhin
- M.M. Shemyakin and Yu.A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
- Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang J, Payne CD, Pouvreau B, Schaefer H, Fisher MF, Taylor NL, Berkowitz O, Whelan J, Rosengren KJ, Mylne JS. An Ancient Peptide Family Buried within Vicilin Precursors. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:979-993. [PMID: 30973714 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
New proteins can evolve by duplication and divergence or de novo, from previously noncoding DNA. A recently observed mechanism is for peptides to evolve within a "host" protein and emerge by proteolytic processing. The first examples of such interstitial peptides were ones hosted by precursors for seed storage albumin. Interstitial peptides have also been observed in precursors for seed vicilins, but current evidence for vicilin-buried peptides (VBPs) is limited to seeds of the broadleaf plants pumpkin and macadamia. Here, an extensive sequence analysis of vicilin precursors suggested that peptides buried within the N-terminal region of preprovicilins are widespread and truly ancient. Gene sequences indicative of interstitial peptides were found in species from Amborellales to eudicots and include important grass and legume crop species. We show the first protein evidence for a monocot VBP in date palm seeds as well as protein evidence from other crops including the common tomato, sesame and pumpkin relatives, cucumber, and the sponge loofah ( Luffa aegyptiaca). Their excision was consistent with asparaginyl endopeptidase-mediated maturation, and sequences were confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry. Our findings suggest that the family is large and ancient and that based on the NMR solution structures for loofah Luffin P1 and tomato VBP-8, VBPs adopt a helical hairpin fold stapled by two internal disulfide bonds. The first VBPs characterized were a protease inhibitor, antimicrobials, and a ribosome inactivator. The age and evolutionary retention of this peptide family suggest its members play important roles in plant biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colton D. Payne
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | | | - Hanno Schaefer
- Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Plant Biodiversity Research, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Berkowitz
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant, and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, AgriBio, The Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086 Australia
| | - K. Johan Rosengren
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Ng YM, Yang Y, Sze KH, Zhang X, Zheng YT, Shaw PC. Structural characterization and anti-HIV-1 activities of arginine/glutamate-rich polypeptide Luffin P1 from the seeds of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica). J Struct Biol 2011; 174:164-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Wang R, Gan C, Gao W, He W, Wang X, Peng Y, Zhuo J, Tan J, Peng X, Wu J, Luo G. A novel recombinant immunotoxin with the smallest ribosome-inactivating protein Luffin P1: T-cell cytotoxicity and prolongation of allograft survival. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 14:578-86. [PMID: 19583807 PMCID: PMC3823457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00840.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the creation of stable tolerance to MHC-incompatible allografts, reducing the large mass of donor-reactive cells via apoptosis is often required. Apoptosis induction by immunotoxins targeting surface molecules specifically presented on donor-reactive cytopathic T effector (Teff) cells is a promising strategy. Traditionally, the toxin moieties are bacterial exotoxins or plant-derived ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) with large molecular size and strong immunogenicity, hence causing the problems of tissue penetration, host immune reaction and quick clearance. We have identified a novel class of small molecule RIPs (<10 kD) from the seeds of the plant Luffa cylindrica. The smallest member of this family, Luffin P1, has a molecular weight of 5226.8 Da, yet possessing a highly potent inhibitory activity on cell-free protein synthesis with IC50 of 0.88 nM. We now report a recombinant hIL-2-Luffin P1 immunotoxin, which strongly inhibited T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reaction and ConA response with IC50 of 1.8–10 nM. In vivo, hIL-2-Luffin P1 significantly prolonged the survival of major MHC-mismatched skin and kidney allografts in animal models. Thus, we demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of the smallest immunotoxin that could be further combined with other pharmacological and immunological reagents for synergistic control of pathogenic lymphocytes in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupeng Wang
- Chongqing Key Lab for Diseases Proteomics, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Tsybina T, Dunaevsky Y, Musolyamov A, Egorov T, Larionova N, Popykina N, Belozersky M. New protease inhibitors from buckwheat seeds: properties, partial amino acid sequences and possible biological role. Biol Chem 2005; 385:429-34. [PMID: 15196004 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2004.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Preparations of new low molecular weight protein inhibitors of serine proteinases have been obtained from buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum seeds by chromatography of seed extracts on trypsin-Sepharose 4B, Mono-Q and Mono-S ion-exchangers. Their molecular masses, determined by mass spectrometry, were equal to 5203 (BWI-1c), 5347 (BWI-2c), 7760 (BWI-3c) and 6031 daltons (BWI-4c). All inhibitors possessed high pH-stability in the pH range 2-12 and thermostability. In addition to trypsin, BWI-3c and BWI-4c inhibitors inhibited chymotrypsin and subtilisin-like proteases. The inhibition constants (Ki) for trypsin, chymotrypsin and subtilisin by the studied inhibitors were determined. The N-terminal sequences of all inhibitors were established: BWI-1c (23 residues), BWI-2c (33 residues), BWI-3c (18 residues) and BWI-4c (20 residues). According to the physicochemical properties and N-terminal amino acid sequences, buckwheat seed protease inhibitors BWI-3c and BWI-4c are suggested to belong to the potato proteinase inhibitor I family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tsybina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
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Li F, Yang XX, Xia HC, Zeng R, Hu WG, Li Z, Zhang ZC. Purification and characterization of Luffin P1, a ribosome-inactivating peptide from the seeds of Luffa cylindrica. Peptides 2003; 24:799-805. [PMID: 12948831 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(03)00173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A peptide designated Luffin P1 was purified from the seeds of Luffa cylindrica. Its molecular mass was determined to be 5226.1 Da by MALDI-TOF MS analysis. The purified Luffin P1 shows a strong inhibitory activity on protein synthesis in the cell-free rabbit reticulocyte lysate with IC(50) of 0.88 nM. Its reaction mechanism is the same as that of the ribosome-inactivating protein trichosanthin, which is an rRNA N-glycosidase. Besides, the results of gel filtration chromatography suggested the existence of polymers of Luffin P1 and polymerization of Luffin P1 enhanced its rRNA N-glycosidase activity. Luffin P1 was the smallest peptide yet reported that has translational inhibitory activity. The cDNA and deduced amino acid sequence of Luffin P1 has also been determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Key laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue-yang Road, Shanghai 200031, PR China
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Ng TB, Parkash A, Tso WW. Purification and characterization of alpha- and beta-benincasins, arginine/glutamate-rich peptides with translation-inhibiting activity from wax gourd seeds. Peptides 2003; 24:11-6. [PMID: 12576080 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Two peptides, with a molecular mass of about 11 kDa and an N-terminal sequence abundant in arginine and glutamine residues, were isolated from wax gourd seeds. The isolation protocol included affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on Mono-S and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The peptides, designated alpha- and beta-benincasins, inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC(50) of 20 and 320 pM, respectively. Alpha-benincasin exhibited weak antifungal activity toward Coprinus comatus and Physalospora piricola but not toward Mycosphaerella arachidicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Ng TB, Parkash A, Tso WW. Purification and characterization of moschins, arginine-glutamate-rich proteins with translation-inhibiting activity from brown pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) seeds. Protein Expr Purif 2002; 26:9-13. [PMID: 12356464 DOI: 10.1016/s1046-5928(02)00500-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
From fresh brown pumpkin seeds, two proteins with a molecular mass of 12kDa and an N-terminal sequence rich in arginine and glutamate residues were obtained. The protein designated alpha-moschin closely resembled the fruitfly programmed-cell death gene product and the protein designated beta-moschin demonstrated striking similarity to prepro 2S albumin in N-terminal sequence. alpha- and beta-moschins inhibited translation in the rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC(50) of 17 microM and 300nM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Ng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences Bldg. Rm. 302B, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China.
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Parkash A, Ng TB, Tso WW. Isolation and characterization of luffacylin, a ribosome inactivating peptide with anti-fungal activity from sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) seeds. Peptides 2002; 23:1019-24. [PMID: 12126727 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(02)00045-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A purification scheme involving ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, and ion exchange chromatography on CM-Sepharose and Mono S was employed to isolate a peptide with a molecular weight of 7.8kDa from sponge gourd seeds. The peptide, which was designated luffacylin, exhibited an N-terminal sequence with pronounced resemblance to that of the 6.5kDa arginine-glutamate rich polypeptide previously isolated from sponge gourd seeds. Luffacylin inhibited translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC(50) of 140pM and reacted positively in the N-glycosidase assay for ribosome inactivating proteins. Luffacylin exerted anti-fungal activity against Mycosphaerella arachidicola and Fusarium oxysporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parkash
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
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Parkash A, Ng TB, Tso WW. Purification and characterization of charantin, a napin-like ribosome-inactivating peptide from bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) seeds. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 2002; 59:197-202. [PMID: 11966976 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2002.00978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A peptide designated charantin, with a molecular mass of 9.7 kDa, was isolated from bitter gourd seeds. The procedure comprised affinity chromatography on Affi-gel blue gel, ion-exchange chromatography on Mono S and gel filtration on Superdex 75. The N-terminal sequence of charantin exhibited marked similarity to that of the 7.8-kDa napin-like peptide previously isolated from bitter gourd seeds. Charantin inhibited cell-free translation in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate system with an IC50 of 400 nm, a potency lower than that of the previously reported small ribosome-inactivating protein gamma-momorcharin (IC50 = 55 nm) which also exhibited an abundance of arginine and glutamate/glutamine residues. Charantin reacted positively in the N-glycosidase assay, yielding a band similar to that formed by the small ribosome-inactivating proteins gamma-momorcharin and luffin S.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parkash
- Department of Biochemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
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