1
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Sürmeli Y, Tekedar HC, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Sequence identification and in silico characterization of novel thermophilic lipases from Geobacillus species. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024; 71:162-175. [PMID: 37908087 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are utilized in various biotechnological areas, including pharmaceuticals, food, biodiesel, and detergents. In this study, we cloned and sequenced Lip21 and Lip33 genes from Geobacillus sp. GS21 and Geobacillus sp. GS33, then we in silico and experimentally analyzed the encoded lipases. For this purpose, Lip21 and Lip33 were cloned, sequenced, and their amino acid sequences were investigated for determination of biophysicochemical characteristics, evolutionary relationships, and sequence similarities. 3D models were built and computationally affirmed by various bioinformatics tools, and enzyme-ligand interactions were investigated by docking analysis using six ligands. Biophysicochemical property of Lip21 and Lip33 was also determined experimentally and the results demonstrated that they had similar isoelectric point (pI) (6.21) and Tm (75.5°C) values as Tm was revealed by denatured protein analysis of the circular dichroism spectrum and pI was obtained by isoelectric focusing. Phylogeny analysis indicated that Lip21 and Lip33 were the closest to lipases from Geobacillus sp. SBS-4S and Geobacillus thermoleovorans, respectively. Alignment analysis demonstrated that S144-D348-H389 was catalytic triad residues in Lip21 and Lip33, and enzymes possessed a conserved Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly motif containing catalytic serine. 3D structure analysis indicated that Lip21 and Lip33 highly resembled each other and they were α/β hydrolase-fold enzymes with large lid domains. BANΔIT analysis results showed that Lip21 and Lip33 had higher thermal stability, compared to other thermostable Geobacillus lipases. Docking results revealed that Lip21- and Lip33-docked complexes possessed common residues (H112, K115, Q162, E163, and S141) that interacted with the substrates, except paranitrophenyl (pNP)-C10 and pNP-C12, indicating that these residues might have a significant action on medium and short-chain fatty acid esters. Thus, Lip21 and Lip33 can be potential candidates for different industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Sürmeli
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ, Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hasan Cihad Tekedar
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
- Department of Chemistry, İzmir Institute of Technology, İzmir, Turkey
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2
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Hamdan SH, Maiangwa J, Nezhad NG, Ali MSM, Normi YM, Shariff FM, Rahman RNZRA, Leow TC. Knotting terminal ends of mutant T1 lipase with disulfide bond improved structure rigidity and stability. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:1673-1686. [PMID: 36752811 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12396-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipase biocatalysts offer unique properties which are often impaired by low thermal and methanol stability. In this study, the rational design was employed to engineer a disulfide bond in the protein structure of Geobacillus zalihae T1 lipase in order to improve its stability. The selection of targeted disulfide bond sites was based on analysis of protein spatial configuration and change of Gibbs free energy. Two mutation points (S2C and A384C) were generated to rigidify the N-terminal and C-terminal regions of T1 lipase. The results showed the mutant 2DC lipase improved methanol stability from 35 to 40% (v/v) after 30 min of pre-incubation. Enhancement in thermostability for the mutant 2DC lipase at 70 °C and 75 °C showed higher half-life at 70 °C and 75 °C for 30 min and 52 min, respectively. The mutant 2DC lipase maintained the same optimum temperature (70 °C) as T1 lipase, while thermally induced unfolding showed the mutant maintained higher rigidity. The kcat/Km values demonstrated a relatively small difference between the T1 lipase (WT) and 2DC lipase (mutant). The kcat/Km (s-1 mM-1) of the T1 and 2DC showed values of 13,043 ± 224 and 13,047 ± 312, respectively. X-ray diffraction of 2DC lipase crystal structure with a resolution of 2.04 Å revealed that the introduced single disulfide bond did not lower initial structural interactions within the residues. Enhanced methanol and thermal stability are suggested to be strongly related to the newly disulfide bridge formation and the enhanced compactness and rigidity of the mutant structure. KEY POINTS: • Protein engineering via rational design revealed relative improved enzymatic performance. • The presence of disulfide bond impacts on the rigidity and structural function of proteins. • X-ray crystallography reveals structural changes accompanying protein modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Hajar Hamdan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jonathan Maiangwa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University, PMB 2336, Kaduna, Nigeria
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Shukuri Mohamad Ali
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yahaya M Normi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Fairolniza Mohd Shariff
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Raja Noor Zaliha Raja Abd Rahman
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Microbial Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia Serdang, UPM Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Costa IO, Rios NS, Lima PJM, Gonçalves LRB. Synthesis of organic-inorganic hybrid nanoflowers of lipases from Candida antarctica type B (CALB) and Thermomyces lanuginosus (TLL): Improvement of thermal stability and reusability. Enzyme Microb Technol 2023; 163:110167. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2022.110167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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4
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Lim CR, Lee HY, Uhm KN, Kim HK. Production of 4-Ethyl Malate through Position-Specific Hydrolysis of Photobacterium lipolyticum M37 Lipase. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 32:672-679. [PMID: 35354762 PMCID: PMC9628889 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2112.12055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microbial lipases are used widely in the synthesis of various compounds due to their substrate specificity and position specificity. 4-Ethyl malate (4-EM) made from diethyl malate (DEM) is an important starting material used to make argon fluoride (ArF) photoresist. We tested several microbial lipases and found that Photobacterium lipolyticum M37 lipase position-specifically hydrolyzed DEM to produce 4-EM. We purified the reaction product through silica gel chromatography and confirmed that it was 4-EM through nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. To mass-produce 4-EM, DEM hydrolysis reaction was performed using an enzyme reactor system that could automatically control the temperature and pH. Effects of temperature and pH on the reaction process were investigated. As a result, 50°C and pH 4.0 were confirmed as optimal reaction conditions, meaning that M37 was specifically an acid lipase. When the substrate concentration was increased to 6% corresponding to 0.32 M, the reaction yield reached almost 100%. When the substrate concentration was further increased to 12%, the reaction yield was 81%. This enzyme reactor system and position-specific M37 lipase can be used to mass-produce 4-EM, which is required to synthesize ArF photoresist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chae Ryeong Lim
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha young Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Nam Uhm
- C1Chem Co, Ltd., 405 Sogang Business Center, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Kwoun Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-2-2164-4890 Fax: +82-2-2164-4865 E-mail:
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5
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Thermostable lipases and their dynamics of improved enzymatic properties. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7069-7094. [PMID: 34487207 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Thermal stability is one of the most desirable characteristics in the search for novel lipases. The search for thermophilic microorganisms for synthesising functional enzyme biocatalysts with the ability to withstand high temperature, and capacity to maintain their native state in extreme conditions opens up new opportunities for their biotechnological applications. Thermophilic organisms are one of the most favoured organisms, whose distinctive characteristics are extremely related to their cellular constituent particularly biologically active proteins. Modifications on the enzyme structure are critical in optimizing the stability of enzyme to thermophilic conditions. Thermostable lipases are one of the most favourable enzymes used in food industries, pharmaceutical field, and actively been studied as potential biocatalyst in biodiesel production and other biotechnology application. Particularly, there is a trade-off between the use of enzymes in high concentration of organic solvents and product generation. Enhancement of the enzyme stability needs to be achieved for them to maintain their enzymatic activity regardless the environment. Various approaches on protein modification applied since decades ago conveyed a better understanding on how to improve the enzymatic properties in thermophilic bacteria. In fact, preliminary approach using advanced computational analysis is practically conducted before any modification is being performed experimentally. Apart from that, isolation of novel extremozymes from various microorganisms are offering great frontier in explaining the crucial native interaction within the molecules which could help in protein engineering. In this review, the thermostability prospect of lipases and the utility of protein engineering insights into achieving functional industrial usefulness at their high temperature habitat are highlighted. Similarly, the underlying thermodynamic and structural basis that defines the forces that stabilize these thermostable lipase is discussed. KEY POINTS: • The dynamics of lipases contributes to their non-covalent interactions and structural stability. • Thermostability can be enhanced by well-established genetic tools for improved kinetic efficiency. • Molecular dynamics greatly provides structure-function insights on thermodynamics of lipase.
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6
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Kinetic and thermodynamic characterization of novel alkaline lipase from halotolerant Bacillus gibsonii. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2199-2209. [PMID: 33625538 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A halotolerant bacterial strain isolated and identified as Bacillus gibsonii was used for extracellular lipase production. The bacterial strain was able to grow up to 1200 mM salt concentration and showed maximum growth at 600 mM NaCl concentration. The present study includes production of extracellular lipase enzyme and characterization of partially purified lipase with respect to its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour. Maximum lipase activity was observed at 60 °C under alkaline pH (9.0) condition. The kinetic parameters such as Vmax, Km and Kcat were calculated as 158.73 U/mL, 0.539 mM and 483.93 min-1 at 60 °C, respectively, suggested thermostable nature of the enzyme. The thermal inactivation energy [Ea(d)] was calculated as 66.98 kJ/mol. The values of Gibb's free energy (86.31 kJ/mol), enthalpy (64.26 kJ/mol) and entropy (- 66.21 × 10-3 kJ/mol/K) for the enzyme inactivation obtained at 60 °C corroborated the assumption that 60 °C was the optimum temperature. Further, the deactivation rate constant (kd) values calculated at 60 °C and 80 °C were found to be 0.0907 and 0.182 min-1, respectively, which suggested that enzyme was more stable at 60 °C and it was partly inactivated at 80 °C.
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7
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Structural and functional insights about unique extremophilic bacterial lipolytic enzyme from metagenome source. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 152:593-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Druteika G, Sadauskas M, Malunavicius V, Lastauskiene E, Statkeviciute R, Savickaite A, Gudiukaite R. New engineered Geobacillus lipase GD-95RM for industry focusing on the cleaner production of fatty esters and household washing product formulations. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02816-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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Godoy CA, Klett J, Di Geronimo B, Hermoso JA, Guisán JM, Carrasco-López C. Disulfide Engineered Lipase to Enhance the Catalytic Activity: A Structure-Based Approach on BTL2. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215245. [PMID: 31652673 PMCID: PMC6862113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancement, control, and tuning of hydrolytic activity and specificity of lipases are major goals for the industry. Thermoalkaliphilic lipases from the I.5 family, with their native advantages such as high thermostability and tolerance to alkaline pHs, are a target for biotechnological applications. Although several strategies have been applied to increase lipases activity, the enhancement through protein engineering without compromising other capabilities is still elusive. Lipases from the I.5 family suffer a unique and delicate double lid restructuration to transition from a closed and inactive state to their open and enzymatically active conformation. In order to increase the activity of the wild type Geobacillus thermocatenulatus lipase 2 (BTL2) we rationally designed, based on its tridimensional structure, a mutant (ccBTL2) capable of forming a disulfide bond to lock the open state. ccBTL2 was generated replacing A191 and F206 to cysteine residues while both wild type C64 and C295 were mutated to serine. A covalently immobilized ccBTL2 showed a 3.5-fold increment in esterase activity with 0.1% Triton X-100 (2336 IU mg−1) and up to 6.0-fold higher with 0.01% CTAB (778 IU mg−1), both in the presence of oxidizing sulfhydryl agents, when compared to BTL2. The remarkable and industrially desired features of BTL2 such as optimal alkaliphilic pH and high thermal stability were not affected. The designed disulfide bond also conferred reversibility to the enhancement, as the increment on activity observed for ccBTL2 was controlled by redox pretreatments. MD simulations suggested that the most stable conformation for ccBTL2 (with the disulfide bond formed) was, as we predicted, similar to the open and active conformation of this lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- César A Godoy
- Departamento de Química (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Universidad del Valle, C.P. 76001 Cali, Colombia.
| | - Javier Klett
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bruno Di Geronimo
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), C/Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan A Hermoso
- Department of Crystallography and Structural Biology, Institute of Physical Chemistry "Rocasolano" (IQFR-CSIC), E_28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - José M Guisán
- Departamento de Biocatálisis. Instituto de Catálisis. CSIC. Campus UAM. Cantoblanco. C.P. 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - César Carrasco-López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hoyt Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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Moharana TR, Pal B, Rao NM. X-ray structure and characterization of a thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermoleovorans. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 508:145-151. [PMID: 30471860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.11.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Thermo-alkalophilic bacterium, Geobacillus thermoleovorans secrets many enzymes including a 43 kDa extracellular lipase. Significant thermostability, organic solvent stability and wide substrate preferences for hydrolysis drew our attention to solve its structure by crystallography. The structure was solved by molecular replacement method and refined up to 2.14 Å resolution. Structure of the lipase showed an alpha-beta fold with 19 α-helices and 10 β-sheets. The active site remains covered by a lid. One calcium and one zinc atom was found in the crystal. The structure showed a major difference (rmsd 5.6 Å) from its closest homolog in the amino acid region 191 to 203. Thermal unfolding of the lipase showed that the lipase is highly stable with Tm of 76 °C. 13C NMR spectra of products upon triglyceride hydrolysate revealed that the lipase hydrolyses at both sn-1 and sn-2 positions with equal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biswajit Pal
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007, India
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A Novel Method of Affinity Tag Cleavage in the Purification of a Recombinant Thermostable Lipase from Aneurinibacillus thermoaerophilus Strain HZ. Catalysts 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/catal8100479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of an efficient and economical purification method is required to obtain a pure and mature recombinant protein in a simple process with high efficiency. Hence, a new technique was invented to cleave the tags from the N-terminal region of recombinant fusion HZ lipase in the absence of protease treatment. The recombinant pET32b/rHZ lipase was overexpressed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). Affinity chromatography was performed as the first step of purification. The stability of the protein was then tested in different temperatures. The fused Trx-His-S-tags to the rHZ lipase was cleaved by treatment of the fusion protein at 20 °C in 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer, pH 8.0. The precipitated tag was removed, and the mature recombinant enzyme was further characterized to specify its properties. A purification yield of 78.9% with 1.3-fold and 21.8 mg total purified mature protein was obtained from 50 mL starting a bacterial culture. N-terminal sequencing of purified recombinant HZ lipase confirmed the elimination of the 17.4 kDa tag from one amino acid before the native start codon (Methionine) of the protein. The mature rHZ lipase was highly active at 65 °C and a pH of 7.0, with a half-life of 2 h 15 min at 55 °C and 45 min at 60 °C. The rHZ lipase showed a preference for the hydrolysis of natural oil with a long carbon chain (C18) and medium-size acyl chain p-nitrophenyl esters (C10). The enzyme remained stable in the presence of nonpolar organic solvents, and its activity was increased by polar organic solvents. This study thus demonstrates a simple and convenient purification method which resulted in the high yield of mature enzyme along with unique and detailed biochemical characterization of rHZ lipase, making the enzyme favorable in various industrial applications.
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Biundo A, Reich J, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM. Synergistic effect of mutagenesis and truncation to improve a polyesterase from Clostridium botulinum for polyester hydrolysis. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3745. [PMID: 29487314 PMCID: PMC5829244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The activity of the esterase (Cbotu_EstA) from Clostridium botulinum on the polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was improved by concomitant engineering of two different domains. On the one hand, the zinc-binding domain present in Cbotu_EstA was subjected to site-directed mutagenesis. On the other hand, a specific domain consisting of 71 amino acids at the N-terminus of the enzyme was deleted. Interestingly, a combination of substitution of residues present in the zinc-binding domain (e.g. S199A) synergistically increased the activity of the enzyme on PET seven fold when combined to the truncation of 71 amino acids at the N-terminus of the enzyme only. Overall, when compared to the native enzyme, the combination of truncation and substitutions in the zinc-binding domain lead to a 50-fold activity improvement. Moreover, analysis of the kinetic parameters of the Cbotu_EstA variants indicated a clear shift of activity from water soluble (i.e. para-nitrophenyl butyrate) to insoluble polymeric substrates. These results evidently show that the interaction with non-natural polymeric substrates provides targets for enzyme engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Biundo
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Johanna Reich
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
| | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria. .,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.
| | - Georg M Guebitz
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria.,Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), 3430, Tulln an der Donau, Austria
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Cloning, expression and characterization of the esterase estUT1 from Ureibacillus thermosphaericus which belongs to a new lipase family XVIII. Extremophiles 2018; 22:271-285. [PMID: 29330648 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-018-0996-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new esterase gene from thermophilic bacteria Ureibacillus thermosphaericus was cloned into the pET32b vector and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Alignment of the estUT1 amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a novel canonical pentapeptide (GVSLG) and 41-47% identity to the closest family of the bacterial lipases XIII. Thus the esterase estUT1 from U. thermosphaericus was assigned as a member of the novel family XVIII. It also showed a strong activity toward short-chain esters (C2-C8), with the highest activity for C2. When p-nitrophenyl butyrate is used as a substrate, the temperature and pH optimum of the enzyme were 70-80 °C and 8.0, respectively. EstUT1 showed high thermostability and 68.9 ± 2.5% residual activity after incubation at 70 °C for 6 h. Homology modeling of the enzyme structure showed the presence of a putative catalytic triad Ser93, Asp192, and His222. The activity of estUT1 was inhibited by PMSF, suggesting that the serine residue is involved in the catalytic activity of the enzyme. The purified enzyme exhibited high stability in organic solvents. EstUT1 retained 85.8 ± 2.4% residual activity in 30% methanol at 50 °C for 6 h. Stability at high temperature and tolerance to organic solvents make estUT1 a promising enzyme for biotechnology application.
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Directed Evolution of Recombinant C-Terminal Truncated Staphylococcus epidermidis Lipase AT2 for the Enhancement of Thermostability. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112202. [PMID: 29113034 PMCID: PMC5713198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the industrial processes, lipases are expected to operate at temperatures above 45 °C and could retain activity in organic solvents. Hence, a C-terminal truncated lipase from Staphylococcus epidermis AT2 (rT-M386) was engineered by directed evolution. A mutant with glycine-to-cysteine substitution (G210C) demonstrated a remarkable improvement of thermostability, whereby the mutation enhanced the activity five-fold when compared to the rT-M386 at 50 °C. The rT-M386 and G210C lipases were purified concurrently using GST-affinity chromatography. The biochemical and biophysical properties of both enzymes were investigated. The G210C lipase showed a higher optimum temperature (45 °C) and displayed a more prolonged half-life in the range of 40-60 °C as compared to rT-M386. Both lipases exhibited optimal activity and stability at pH 8. The G210C showed the highest stability in the presence of polar organic solvents at 50 °C compared to the rT-M386. Denatured protein analysis presented a significant change in the molecular ellipticity value above 60 °C, which verified the experimental result on the temperature and thermostability profile of G210C.
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15
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Structural and functional insights into thermostable and organic solvent stable variant Pro247-Ser of Bacillus lipase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 108:845-852. [PMID: 29101046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thermostability of enzymes is an important issue in protein engineering and has been studied in detail. Still there is no hard and fast rule to define the conditions which will provide thermal stability. Understanding the various factors and mechanism responsible for thermal stability will add on new insights into our present knowledge in this area. Pro247-Ser variant was constructed based on homology modelling and rational design. It exhibited 60 fold increase in thermal stability at 60°C and+0.7M shift in C1/2 value for urea denaturation as compared to WT. Variant displayed noticeable tolerance to organic solvents. With decrease in Km, catalytic efficiency of Pro247-Ser variant was increased by 12 fold. The activity and stability assay including circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy favoured increased thermal performance of variant. Hydrolytic activity of variant was found to be high in comparison to control for all p-nitrophenol esters investigated. The immobilized variant enzyme demonstrated nearly two fold enhanced conversion of methyl oleate than WT enzyme. The additional molecular interactions of variant residue might contribute to increased thermostability of lipase. The homology modeling predicted formation of additional hydrogen bonds between Ser247/O-Thr251/OG1 as well as Ser247/O-Glu250/N.
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16
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Point mutation Arg153-His at surface of Bacillus lipase contributing towards increased thermostability and ester synthesis: insight into molecular network. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:159-168. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3220-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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17
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Purification and characterization of an extracellular lipolytic enzyme from the fermented fish-originated halotolerant bacterium, Virgibacillus alimentarius LBU20907. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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18
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Khan FI, Lan D, Durrani R, Huan W, Zhao Z, Wang Y. The Lid Domain in Lipases: Structural and Functional Determinant of Enzymatic Properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2017; 5:16. [PMID: 28337436 PMCID: PMC5343024 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2017.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipases are important industrial enzymes. Most of the lipases operate at lipid–water interfaces enabled by a mobile lid domain located over the active site. Lid protects the active site and hence responsible for catalytic activity. In pure aqueous media, the lid is predominantly closed, whereas in the presence of a hydrophobic layer, it is partially opened. Hence, the lid controls the enzyme activity. In the present review, we have classified lipases into different groups based on the structure of lid domains. It has been observed that thermostable lipases contain larger lid domains with two or more helices, whereas mesophilic lipases tend to have smaller lids in the form of a loop or a helix. Recent developments in lipase engineering addressing the lid regions are critically reviewed here. After on, the dramatic changes in substrate selectivity, activity, and thermostability have been reported. Furthermore, improved computational models can now rationalize these observations by relating it to the mobility of the lid domain. In this contribution, we summarized and critically evaluated the most recent developments in experimental and computational research on lipase lids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faez Iqbal Khan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dongming Lan
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rabia Durrani
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Weiqian Huan
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zexin Zhao
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou , China
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Machado SG, Baglinière F, Marchand S, Van Coillie E, Vanetti MCD, De Block J, Heyndrickx M. The Biodiversity of the Microbiota Producing Heat-Resistant Enzymes Responsible for Spoilage in Processed Bovine Milk and Dairy Products. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:302. [PMID: 28298906 PMCID: PMC5331058 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Raw bovine milk is highly nutritious as well as pH-neutral, providing the ideal conditions for microbial growth. The microbiota of raw milk is diverse and originates from several sources of contamination including the external udder surface, milking equipment, air, water, feed, grass, feces, and soil. Many bacterial and fungal species can be found in raw milk. The autochthonous microbiota of raw milk immediately after milking generally comprises lactic acid bacteria such as Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc species, which are technologically important for the dairy industry, although they do occasionally cause spoilage of dairy products. Differences in milking practices and storage conditions on each continent, country and region result in variable microbial population structures in raw milk. Raw milk is usually stored at cold temperatures, e.g., about 4°C before processing to reduce the growth of most bacteria. However, psychrotrophic bacteria can proliferate and contribute to spoilage of ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated and sterilized milk and other dairy products with a long shelf life due to their ability to produce extracellular heat resistant enzymes such as peptidases and lipases. Worldwide, species of Pseudomonas, with the ability to produce these spoilage enzymes, are the most common contaminants isolated from cold raw milk although other genera such as Serratia are also reported as important milk spoilers, while for others more research is needed on the heat resistance of the spoilage enzymes produced. The residual activity of extracellular enzymes after high heat treatment may lead to technological problems (off flavors, physico-chemical instability) during the shelf life of milk and dairy products. This review covers the contamination patterns of cold raw milk in several parts of the world, the growth potential of psychrotrophic bacteria, their ability to produce extracellular heat-resistant enzymes and the consequences for dairy products with a long shelf life. This problem is of increasing importance because of the large worldwide trade in fluid milk and milk powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solimar G Machado
- Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais - Campus Salinas Salinas, Brazil
| | | | - Sophie Marchand
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Els Van Coillie
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Maria C D Vanetti
- Department of Microbiology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jan De Block
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO) Melle, Belgium
| | - Marc Heyndrickx
- Technology and Food Science Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fischeries and Food (ILVO)Melle, Belgium; Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent UniversityMerelbeke, Belgium
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20
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Thirty-degree shift in optimum temperature of a thermophilic lipase by a single-point mutation: effect of serine to threonine mutation on structural flexibility. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 430:21-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-2950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Gudiukaite R, Sadauskas M, Gegeckas A, Malunavicius V, Citavicius D. Construction of a novel lipolytic fusion biocatalyst GDEst-lip for industrial application. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 44:799-815. [PMID: 28105534 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-017-1905-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The gene encoding esterase (GDEst-95) from Geobacillus sp. 95 was cloned and sequenced. The resulting open reading frame of 1497 nucleotides encoded a protein with calculated molecular weight of 54.7 kDa, which was classified as a carboxylesterase with an identity of 93-97% to carboxylesterases from Geobacillus bacteria. This esterase can be grouped into family VII of bacterial lipolytic enzymes, was active at broad pH (7-12) and temperature (5-85 °C) range and displayed maximum activity toward short acyl chain p-nitrophenyl (p-NP) esters. Together with GD-95 lipase from Geobacillus sp. strain 95, GDEst-95 esterase was used for construction of fused chimeric biocatalyst GDEst-lip. GDEst-lip esterase/lipase possessed high lipolytic activity (600 U/mg), a broad pH range of 6-12, thermoactivity (5-85 °C), thermostability and resistance to various organic solvents or detergents. For these features GDEst-lip biocatalyst has high potential for applications in various industrial areas. In this work the effect of additional homodomains on monomeric GDEst-95 esterase and GD-95 lipase activity, thermostability, substrate specificity and catalytic properties was also investigated. Altogether, this article shows that domain fusing strategies can modulate the activity and physicochemical characteristics of target enzymes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gudiukaite
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Mikas Sadauskas
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Audrius Gegeckas
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Vilius Malunavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Donaldas Citavicius
- Institute of Biosciences, Vilnius University, Sauletekio Avenue 7, 10257, Vilnius, Lithuania
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22
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Biundo A, Steinkellner G, Gruber K, Spreitzhofer T, Ribitsch D, Guebitz GM. Engineering of the zinc-binding domain of an esterase from Clostridium botulinum towards increased activity on polyesters. Catal Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cy00168a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variants of the zinc-binding domain of Clostridium botulinum EstA (Cbotu_EstA) release more building blocks (Ta and BTa) from the aromatic/aliphatic copolyester poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Biundo
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)
- Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - Georg Steinkellner
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)
- Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)
- Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
- Institute of Molecular Bioscience
- University of Graz
| | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre for Industrial Biotechnology (ACIB)
- Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)
| | - Georg M. Guebitz
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)
- Tulln an der Donau
- Austria
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23
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Yamada C, Sawano K, Iwase N, Matsuoka M, Arakawa T, Nishida S, Fushinobu S. Isolation and characterization of a thermostable lipase from Bacillus thermoamylovorans NB501. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:313-319. [PMID: 27885194 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Two thermophilic bacterial strains, Bacillus thermoamylovorans NB501 and NB502, were isolated from a high-temperature aerobic fermentation reactor system that processes tofu refuse (okara) in the presence of used soybean oil. We cloned a lipase gene from strain NB501, which secretes a thermophilic lipase. The biochemical characteristics of the recombinant enzyme (Lip501r) were elucidated. Lip501r is monomeric in solution with an apparent molecular mass of 38 kDa on SDS-PAGE. The optimal pH and apparent optimal temperature of Lip501r were 8 and 60°C, respectively. Supplementation of 5 mM Ca2+ enhanced the thermostability, and the enzyme retained 56% of its activity for 30 min at 50°C. Lip501r was active on a wide range of substrates with different lengths of p-nitrophenyl (pNP) esters, and showed a remarkably higher activity with pNP-myristate. The Km and Vmax values for pNP-butyrate in the presence of 5 mM CaCl2 were 1.8 mM and 220 units/mg, respectively. The possible industrial use of the thermophilic lipase in modifying edible oil was explored by examining the degradation of soybean oil. A TLC analysis of the degraded products indicated that Lip501r is an 1,3-position specific lipase. A homology modeling study revealed that helix α6 in the lid domain of NB501 lipase was shorter than that of lipases from the Geobacillus group.
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24
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Koc M, Cokmus C, Cihan AC. The genotypic diversity and lipase production of some thermophilic bacilli from different genera. Braz J Microbiol 2016; 46:1065-76. [PMID: 26691464 PMCID: PMC4704621 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838246420140942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermophilic 32 isolates and 20 reference bacilli were subjected to
Rep-PCR and ITS-PCR fingerprinting for determination of their
genotypic diversity, before screening lipase activities. By these methods, all the
isolates and references could easily be differentiated up to subspecies level from
each other. In screening assay, 11 isolates and 7 references were found to be lipase
producing. Their extracellular lipase activities were measured quantitatively by
incubating in both tributyrin and olive oil broths at 60 °C and pH 7.0. During the
24, 48 and 72-h period of incubation, the changes in the lipase activities, culture
absorbance, wet weight of biomass and pH were all measured. The activity was
determined by using pNPB in 50 mM phosphate buffer at pH 7.0 at 60
°C. The lipase production of the isolates in olive oil broths varied between 0.008
and 0.052, whereas these values were found to be 0.002-0.019 (U/mL) in the case of
tyributyrin. For comparison, an index was established by dividing the lipase
activities to cell biomass (U/mg). The maximum thermostable lipase production was
achieved by the isolates F84a, F84b, and G. thermodenitrificans DSM
465T (0.009, 0.008 and 0.008 U/mg) within olive oil broth, whereas
G. stearothermophilus A113 displayed the highest lipase activity
than its type strain in tyributyrin. Therefore, as some of these isolates displayed
higher activities in comparison to references, new lipase producing bacilli were
determined by presenting their genotypic diversity with DNA fingerprinting
techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melih Koc
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Arzu Coleri Cihan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Gowthami P, Muthukumar K, Velan M. Utilization of coconut oil cake for the production of lipase using Bacillus coagulans VKL1. Biocontrol Sci 2016; 20:125-33. [PMID: 26133510 DOI: 10.4265/bio.20.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
The overproduction of enzymes was performed by manipulating the medium components. In our study, solvent-tolerant thermophilic lipase-producing Bacillus coagulans was isolated from soil samples and a stepwise optimization strategy was employed to increase the lipase production using coconut oil cake basal medium. In the first step, the influence of pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source and inducers on lipase activity was investigated by the One-Factor-At-A-Time (OFAT) method. In the second step, the three significant factors resulted from OFAT were optimized by the statistical approach (CCD).The optimum values of olive oil (0.5%), Tween 80 (0.6%) and FeSO4 (0.05%) was found to be responsible for a 3.2-fold increase in the lipase production identified by Central Composite Design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palanisamy Gowthami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, AC College of technology, Anna University
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26
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Kumar A, Dhar K, Kanwar SS, Arora PK. Lipase catalysis in organic solvents: advantages and applications. Biol Proced Online 2016; 18:2. [PMID: 26766927 PMCID: PMC4711063 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-016-0033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipases are industrial biocatalysts, which are involved in several novel reactions, occurring in aqueous medium as well as non-aqueous medium. Furthermore, they are well-known for their remarkable ability to carry out a wide variety of chemo-, regio- and enantio-selective transformations. Lipases have been gained attention worldwide by organic chemists due to their general ease of handling, broad substrate tolerance, high stability towards temperatures and solvents and convenient commercial availability. Most of the synthetic reactions on industrial scale are carried out in organic solvents because of the easy solubility of non-polar compounds. The effect of organic system on their stability and activity may determine the biocatalysis pace. Because of worldwide use of lipases, there is a need to understand the mechanisms behind the lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents. The unique interfacial activation of lipases has always fascinated enzymologists and recently, biophysicists and crystallographers have made progress in understanding the structure-function relationships of these enzymes. The present review describes the advantages of lipase-catalyzed reactions in organic solvents and various effects of organic solvents on their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, 171 005 India
| | - Kartik Dhar
- Departmentof Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | - Pankaj Kumar Arora
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749 Republic of Korea
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27
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Saengsanga T, Siripornadulsil W, Siripornadulsil S. Molecular and enzymatic characterization of alkaline lipase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens E1PA isolated from lipid-rich food waste. Enzyme Microb Technol 2016; 82:23-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Characterization of a poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)-hydrolyzing lipase from Pelosinus fermentans. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1753-1764. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7031-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Abstract
The genus Geobacillus comprises a group of Gram-positive thermophilic bacteria, including obligate aerobes, denitrifiers, and facultative anaerobes that can grow over a range of 45-75°C. Originally classified as group five Bacillus spp., strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus came to prominence as contaminants of canned food and soon became the organism of choice for comparative studies of metabolism and enzymology between mesophiles and thermophiles. More recently, their catabolic versatility, particularly in the degradation of hemicellulose and starch, and rapid growth rates have raised their profile as organisms with potential for second-generation (lignocellulosic) biorefineries for biofuel or chemical production. The continued development of genetic tools to facilitate both fundamental investigation and metabolic engineering is now helping to realize this potential, for both metabolite production and optimized catabolism. In addition, this catabolic versatility provides a range of useful thermostable enzymes for industrial application. A number of genome-sequencing projects have been completed or are underway allowing comparative studies. These reveal a significant amount of genome rearrangement within the genus, the presence of large genomic islands encompassing all the hemicellulose utilization genes and a genomic island incorporating a set of long chain alkane monooxygenase genes. With G+C contents of 45-55%, thermostability appears to derive in part from the ability to synthesize protamine and spermine, which can condense DNA and raise its Tm.
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30
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Cloning, expression, purification, and characterization of lipase 3646 from thermophilic indigenous Cohnella sp. A01. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 109:120-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 09/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Natadiputri GH, Suwanto A, Kim HK. One-step transesterification reaction using methanol-stable lipase for omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13765-015-0032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Zhu Y, Li H, Ni H, Xiao A, Li L, Cai H. Molecular cloning and characterization of a thermostable lipase from deep-sea thermophile Geobacillus sp. EPT9. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 31:295-306. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-014-1775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Sangeetha R, Arulpandi I, Geetha A. Molecular characterization of a proteolysis-resistant lipase from Bacillus pumilus SG2. Braz J Microbiol 2014; 45:389-93. [PMID: 25242920 PMCID: PMC4166261 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822014000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteolysis-resistant lipases can be well exploited by industrial processes which employ both lipase and protease as biocatalysts. A proteolysis resistant lipase from Bacillus pumilus SG2 was isolated, purified and characterized earlier. The lipase was resistant to native and commercial proteases. In the present work, we have characterized the lip gene which encodes the proteolysis-resistant lipase from Bacillus pumilus SG2. The parameters and structural details of lipase were analysed. The lip gene consisted of 650 bp. The experimental molecular weight of SG2 lipase was nearly double that of its theoretical molecular weight, thus suggesting the existence of the functional lipase as a covalent dimer. The proteolytic cleavage sites of the lipase would have been made inaccessible by dimerisation, thus rendering the lipase resistant to protease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sangeetha
- Department of Biochemistry School of Life Sciences Vels University Chennai India Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Vels University, Chennai, India
| | - I Arulpandi
- Research Department of Microbiology Asan Memorial College Chennai India Research Department of Microbiology, Asan Memorial College, Chennai, India
| | - A Geetha
- Department of Biochemistry Bharathi Women's College Chennai India Department of Biochemistry, Bharathi Women's College, Chennai, India
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Sharma PK, Kumar R, Garg P, Kaur J. Insights into controlling role of substitution mutation, E315G on thermostability of a lipase cloned from metagenome of hot spring soil. 3 Biotech 2014; 4:189-196. [PMID: 28324449 PMCID: PMC3964248 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-013-0142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rational mutagenesis was performed (at the vicinity of the active site residues D317 and H358 of a mature polypeptide) to investigate the role of amino acids in the thermostability/activity of a lipase enzyme. The single variant enzyme created with E315G (lip M2) mutation near one of the active site residue (D317) found to be an important residue in controlling the thermal stability, the variant with E315G mutation demonstrated biochemical properties similar to that of native lipase. However, we found that this mutation strongly affected the activity and stability of the lip M1 mutant, reported in our previous study (Sharma et al. in Gene 491:264-271, 2012b). The dual mutant with E315G/N355K mutation in the Wt showed small increase in the protein thermostability compared to the native lipase, however, the thermostability of the mutant lip M1 was reduced several fold. Presumably, E315G (lip M2) mutation reverted the thermostability evolved by N355K (lip M1). The native and variant enzymes also displayed large variation in enzyme kinetics and their preference for pNP-esters (substrates). We further generated 3D models and studied the loop modelling of the WT and variants. Interestingly, loop region Leu314-Asn321 showed structural flexibility on introducing E315G mutation in the native lipase. On the other hand, lysine in mutant N355K exhibited side chain conformational changes in the loop Thr353-His358 which resulted in its H-bonding with Glu284. In addition, replacing glutamic acid by glycine at 315 position in lip M3 distorted the electrostatic interactions between Glu315 and Lys355 in the flexible loop region Leu314-Asn321.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarah Sahib, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
- Computer Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Prabha Garg
- Computer Centre, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Jagdeep Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh, 160014 India
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35
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Enhancement of sequential zymography technique for the detection of thermophilic lipases and proteases. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1409-13. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a versatile human opportunistic pathogen that produces and secretes an arsenal of enzymes, proteins and small molecules many of which serve as virulence factors. Notably, about 40 % of P. aeruginosa genes code for proteins of unknown function, among them more than 80 encoding putative, but still unknown lipolytic enzymes. This group of hydrolases (EC 3.1.1) is known already for decades, but only recently, several of these enzymes have attracted attention as potential virulence factors. Reliable and reproducible enzymatic activity assays are crucial to determine their physiological function and particularly assess their contribution to pathogenicity. As a consequence of the unique biochemical properties of lipids resulting in the formation of micellar structures in water, the reproducible preparation of substrate emulsions is strongly dependent on the method used. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the respective substrate emulsion may drastically affect the activities of the tested lipolytic enzymes. Here, we describe common methods for the activity determination of lipase, esterase, phospholipase, and lysophospholipase. These methods cover lipolytic activity assays carried out in vitro, with cell extracts or separated subcellular compartments and with purified enzymes. We have attempted to describe standardized protocols, allowing the determination and comparison of enzymatic activities of lipolytic enzymes from different sources. These methods should also encourage the Pseudomonas community to address the wealth of still unexplored lipolytic enzymes encoded and produced by P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Research Centre Juelich Heinrich-Heine-University of Duesseldorf, D-52426, Juelich, Germany,
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Kumar R, Singh R, Kaur J. Characterization and molecular modelling of an engineered organic solvent tolerant, thermostable lipase with enhanced enzyme activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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38
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Gudiukaitė R, Gegeckas A, Kazlauskas D, Citavicius D. Influence of N- and/or C-terminal regions on activity, expression, characteristics and structure of lipase from Geobacillus sp. 95. Extremophiles 2013; 18:131-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00792-013-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Shi H, Meng Y, Yang M, Zhang Q, Meng Y. Purification and characterization of a hydrolysis-resistant lipase fromAspergillus terreus. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 61:165-74. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; College of Life Science, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Meng
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglian Zhang
- School of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Chengdu Medical College; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfa Meng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education/Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; College of Life Science, Sichuan University; Chengdu Sichuan People's Republic of China
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Vélez AM, Horta ACL, da Silva AJ, Iemma MRDC, Giordano RDLC, Zangirolami TC. Enhanced production of recombinant thermo-stable lipase in Escherichia coli at high induction temperature. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 90:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Mahadevan GD, Neelagund SE. Thermostable lipase from Geobacillus sp. Iso5: bioseparation, characterization and native structural studies. J Basic Microbiol 2013; 54:386-96. [PMID: 23775834 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular thermoalkaline lipase from Geobacillus sp. Iso5 was purified to homogeneity by ultrafiltration, 6% cross-linked agarose and Phenyl spehrose HIC column chromatography. The final purified lipase resulted in 8.7-fold with 6.2% yield. The relative molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be a monomer of 47 kDa by SDS-PAGE and MALDI-TOF MS/MS spectroscopy. The purified enzyme exhibit optimum activity at 70 °C and pH 8.0. The enzyme retained above 90% activity at temperatures of 70 °C and about 35% activity at 85 °C for 2 h. However, the stability of the enzyme decreased at the temperature over 90 °C. The enzyme activity was promoted in the presence of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) and strongly inhibited by HgCl2 , PMSF, DTT, K(+) , Co(2+) , and Zn (2+) . EDTA did not affect the enzyme activity. The secondary structure of purified lipase contains 36% α-helix and 64% β-sheet which was determined by Circular dichromism, FTIR, and Raman Spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurumurthy D Mahadevan
- Department of PG Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Jnana Sahyadri, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, Karnataka, India
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Structure–function analysis of a new bacterial lipase: Effect of local structure reorganization on lipase activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2013; 54:180-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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43
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Lailaja VP, Chandrasekaran M. Detergent compatible alkaline lipase produced by marine Bacillus smithii BTMS 11. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 29:1349-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-013-1298-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zheng J, Liu C, Liu L, Jin Q. Characterisation of a thermo-alkali-stable lipase from oil-contaminated soil using a metagenomic approach. Syst Appl Microbiol 2013; 36:197-204. [PMID: 23415486 DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2012] [Revised: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are widely used for a variety of biotechnological applications. Screening these industrial enzymes directly from environmental microorganisms is a more efficient and practical approach than conventional cultivation-dependent methods. Combined with activity-based functional screening, six clones with lipase activity were detected and a gene (termed lipZ01) isolated from a target clone with the highest lipase activity was cloned from an oil-contaminated soil-derived metagenomic library and then sequenced. Gene lipZ01 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 and the molecular weight of the recombinant lipase LipZ01 was estimated by electrophoresis analysis to be approximately 50 kDa. The maximum activity of the purified lipase was 42 U/mL, and the optimum reaction temperature and pH value were 45 °C and 8.0, respectively. The enzyme was highly stable in the temperature range 35-60 °C and under alkaline conditions (pH 7-10). The presence of Ca(2+) and Mn(2+) ions could significantly enhance the activity of the lipase. The purified lipase preferentially hydrolysed triacylglycerols with acyl chain lengths ≥8 carbon atoms, and the conversion degree of biodiesel production was nearly 92% in a transesterification reaction using olive oil and methanol. Some attractive properties suggested that the recombinant lipase may be valuable in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pereira EO, Tsang A, McAllister TA, Menassa R. The production and characterization of a new active lipase from Acremonium alcalophilum using a plant bioreactor. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2013; 6:111. [PMID: 23915965 PMCID: PMC3750315 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microorganisms are the most proficient decomposers in nature, using secreted enzymes in the hydrolysis of lignocellulose. As such, they present the most abundant source for discovery of new enzymes. Acremonium alcalophilum is the only known cellulolytic fungus that thrives in alkaline conditions and can be cultured readily in the laboratory. Its optimal conditions for growth are 30°C and pH 9.0-9.2. The genome sequence of Acremonium alcalophilum has revealed a large number of genes encoding biomass-degrading enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are interesting because of several industrial applications including biofuels, detergent, food processing and textile industries. RESULTS We identified a lipA gene in the genome sequence of Acremonium alcalophilum, encoding a protein with a predicted lipase domain with weak sequence identity to characterized enzymes. Unusually, the predicted lipase displays ≈ 30% amino acid sequence identity to both feruloyl esterase and lipase of Aspergillus niger. LipA, when transiently produced in Nicotiana benthamiana, accumulated to over 9% of total soluble protein. Plant-produced recombinant LipA is active towards p-nitrophenol esters of various carbon chain lengths with peak activity on medium-chain fatty acid (C8). The enzyme is also highly active on xylose tetra-acetate and oat spelt xylan. These results suggests that LipA is a novel lipolytic enzyme that possesses both lipase and acetylxylan esterase activity. We determined that LipA is a glycoprotein with pH and temperature optima at 8.0 and 40°C, respectively. CONCLUSION Besides being the first heterologous expression and characterization of a gene coding for a lipase from A. alcalophilum, this report shows that LipA is very versatile exhibiting both acetylxylan esterase and lipase activities potentially useful for diverse industry sectors, and that tobacco is a suitable bioreactor for producing fungal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eridan Orlando Pereira
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
| | - Adrian Tsang
- Centre for Structural and Functional Genomics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Rima Menassa
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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MASE T, ASANO K, IKEDA Y, KATO Y, ESAKI H, ISSHIKI S. Characterization and Application of Lipase 39-A from Cryptococcus flavescens for Cheese Flavoring. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2013. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.19.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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47
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Hosseini M, Karkhane AA, Yakhchali B, Shamsara M, Aminzadeh S, Morshedi D, Haghbeen K, Torktaz I, Karimi E, Safari Z. In Silico and Experimental Characterization of Chimeric Bacillus thermocatenulatus Lipase with the Complete Conserved Pentapeptide of Candida rugosa Lipase. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 169:773-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-0014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mehta A, Kumar R, Gupta R. Isolation of lipase producing thermophilic bacteria: optimization of production and reaction conditions for lipase from Geobacillus sp. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2012. [PMID: 23195552 DOI: 10.1556/amicr.59.2012.4.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and the synthesis of esters formed from glycerol and long chain fatty acids. Lipases occur widely in nature, but only microbial lipases are commercially significant. In the present study, thirty-two bacterial strains, isolated from soil sample of a hot spring were screened for lipase production. The strain TS-4, which gave maximum activity, was identified as Geobacillus sp. at MTCC, IMTECH, Chandigarh. The isolated lipase producing bacteria were grown on minimal salt medium containing olive oil. Maximal quantities of lipase were produced when 30 h old inoculum was used at 10% (v/v) in production medium and incubated in shaking conditions (150 rpm) for 72 h. The optimal temperature and pH for the bacterial growth and lipase production were found to be 60°C and 9.5, respectively. Maximal enzyme production resulted when mustard oil was used as carbon source and yeast extract as sole nitrogen source at a concentration of 1% (v/v) and 0.15% (w/v), respectively. The different optimized reaction parameters were temperature 65°C, pH 8.5, incubation time 10 min and substrate p-nitrophenyl palmitate. The Km and Vmax values of enzyme were found to be 14 mM and 17.86 μmol ml-1min-1, respectively, with p-nitrophenyl palmitate as substrate. All metal ions studied (1 mM) increased the lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshita Mehta
- 1 Himachal Pradesh University Department of Biotechnology Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- 1 Himachal Pradesh University Department of Biotechnology Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
| | - Reena Gupta
- 1 Himachal Pradesh University Department of Biotechnology Summer Hill Shimla 171005 India
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Purification and Characterization of a Thermostable Lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra. Enzyme Res 2012. [PMID: 23198138 PMCID: PMC3503269 DOI: 10.1155/2012/987523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was purified and characterized. The production of thermostable lipase from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans IBRL-nra was carried out in a shake-flask system at 65°C in cultivation medium containing; glucose 1.0% (w/v); yeast extract 1.25% (w/v); NaCl 0.45% (w/v) olive oil 0.1% (v/v) with agitation of 200 rpm for 24 hours. The extracted extracellular crude thermostable lipase was purified to homogeneity by using ultrafiltration, Heparin-affinity chromatography, and Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration chromatography by 34 times with a final yield of 9%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 30 kDa after SDS-PAGE analysis. The optimal temperature for thermostable lipase was 65°C and it retained its initial activity for 3 hours. Thermostable lipase activity was highest at pH 7.0 and stable for 16 hours at this pH at 65°C. Thermostable lipase showed elevated activity when pretreated with BaCl(2), CaCl(2), and KCl with 112%, 108%, and 106%, respectively. Lipase hydrolyzed tripalmitin (C16) and olive oil with optimal activity (100%) compared to other substrates.
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50
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Kumar R, Sharma M, Singh R, Kaur J. Characterization and evolution of a metagenome-derived lipase towards enhanced enzyme activity and thermostability. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 373:149-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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