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Ajmera H, Lakhawat SS, Malik N, Kumar A, Bhatti JS, Kumar V, Gogoi H, Jaswal SK, Chandel S, Sharma PK. Global Emergence of SARS-CoV2 Infection and Scientific Interventions to Contain its Spread. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:CPPS-EPUB-137664. [PMID: 38265408 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037274719231212044235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The global pandemic caused by COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to public health, necessitating rapid scientific interventions to tackle the spread of infection. The review discusses the key areas of research on COVID-19 including viral genomics, epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and therapeutics. The genome sequencing of the virus facilitated the tracking of its evolution, transmission dynamics, and identification of variants. Epidemiological studies have provided insights into disease spread, risk factors, and the impact of public health infrastructure and social distancing measures. Investigations of the viral pathogenesis have elucidated the mechanisms underlying immune responses and severe manifestations including the long-term effects of COVID-19. Overall, the article provides an updated overview of the diagnostic methods developed for SARS-CoV-2 and discusses their strengths, limitations, and appropriate utilization in different clinical and public health settings. Furthermore, therapeutic approaches including antiviral drugs, immunomodulatory therapies, and repurposed medications have been investigated to alleviate disease severity and improve patient outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of these scientific efforts, the review provides an overview of the advancements made in understanding and tackling SARS-CoV-2, while underscoring the need for continued research to address the evolving challenges posed by this global health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Ajmera
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
| | | | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
| | - Himanshu Gogoi
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster 3rd milestone Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill, Shimla, India
| | - Sanjeev Chandel
- Department of Nursing, GHG College of Nursing Rajkot Road, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Pin code: 303002, India
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Ghosh S, Bhatti GK, Sharma PK, Kandimalla R, Mastana SS, Bhatti JS. Potential of Nano-Engineered Stem Cells in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:6. [PMID: 38104307 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01434-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic and degrading autoimmune disorder mainly targeting the central nervous system, leading to progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and axonal damage. Current treatment options for MS are limited in efficacy, generally linked to adverse side effects, and do not offer a cure. Stem cell therapies have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for MS, potentially promoting remyelination, exerting immunomodulatory effects and protecting against neurodegeneration. Therefore, this review article focussed on the potential of nano-engineering in stem cells as a therapeutic approach for MS, focusing on the synergistic effects of combining stem cell biology with nanotechnology to stimulate the proliferation of oligodendrocytes (OLs) from neural stem cells and OL precursor cells, by manipulating neural signalling pathways-PDGF, BMP, Wnt, Notch and their essential genes such as Sox, bHLH, Nkx. Here we discuss the pathophysiology of MS, the use of various types of stem cells in MS treatment and their mechanisms of action. In the context of nanotechnology, we present an overview of its applications in the medical and research field and discuss different methods and materials used to nano-engineer stem cells, including surface modification, biomaterials and scaffolds, and nanoparticle-based delivery systems. We further elaborate on nano-engineered stem cell techniques, such as nano script, nano-exosome hybrid, nano-topography and their potentials in MS. The article also highlights enhanced homing, engraftment, and survival of nano-engineered stem cells, targeted and controlled release of therapeutic agents, and immunomodulatory and tissue repair effects with their challenges and limitations. This visual illustration depicts the process of utilizing nano-engineering in stem cells and exosomes for the purpose of delivering more accurate and improved treatments for Multiple Sclerosis (MS). This approach targets specifically the creation of oligodendrocytes, the breakdown of which is the primary pathological factor in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Ghosh
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya Medical College, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Department of Applied Biology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences Central, University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Kaur S, Sehrawat A, Mastana SS, Kandimalla R, Sharma PK, Bhatti GK, Bhatti JS. Targeting calcium homeostasis and impaired inter-organelle crosstalk as a potential therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease. Life Sci 2023; 330:121995. [PMID: 37541578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia. Current therapeutic strategies for PD are limited and mainly involve symptomatic relief, with no available treatment for the underlying causes of the disease. Therefore, there is a need for new therapeutic approaches that target the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PD. Calcium homeostasis is an essential process for maintaining proper cellular function and survival, including neuronal cells. Calcium dysregulation is also observed in various organelles, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, resulting in organelle dysfunction and impaired inter-organelle communication. The ER, as the primary calcium reservoir, is responsible for folding proteins and maintaining calcium homeostasis, and its dysregulation can lead to protein misfolding and neurodegeneration. The crosstalk between ER and mitochondrial calcium signaling is disrupted in PD, leading to neuronal dysfunction and death. In addition, a lethal network of calcium cytotoxicity utilizes mitochondria, ER and lysosome to destroy neurons. This review article focused on the complex role of calcium dysregulation and its role in aggravating functioning of organelles in PD so as to provide new insight into therapeutic strategies for treating this disease. Targeting dysfunctional organelles, such as the ER and mitochondria and lysosomes and whole network of calcium dyshomeostasis can restore proper calcium homeostasis and improve neuronal function. Additionally targeting calcium dyshomeostasis that arises from miscommunication between several organelles can be targeted so that therapeutic effects of calcium are realised in whole cellular territory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinder Kaur
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Ramesh Kandimalla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | | | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Damen AHA, van Donkelaar CC, Sharma PK, Wan H, Cardinaels R, Schmidt TA, Ito K. Friction reducing ability of a poly-l-lysine and dopamine modified hyaluronan coating for polycaprolactone cartilage resurfacing implants. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023. [PMID: 36959715 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Frictional properties of cartilage resurfacing implants should be sufficiently low to limit damaging of the opposing cartilage during articulation. The present study determines if native lubricious molecule proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) can adsorb onto a layer-by-layer bioinspired coating composed of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HADN) and thereby can reduce the friction between implant and articular cartilage. An ELISA was developed to quantify the amount of immobilized human recombinant (rh)PRG4 after exposure to the PLL-HADN coating. The effect on lubrication was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of friction (CoF) of bare polycaprolactone (PCL) disks to that of PLL-HADN coated PCL disks while articulated against cartilage using a ring-on-disk geometry and a lubricant solution consisting of native synovial fluid components including rhPRG4. The PLL-HADN coating effectively immobilized rhPRG4. The surface roughness of PCL disks significantly increased while the water contact angle significantly decreased after application of the coating. The average CoF measured during the first minute of bare PCL against cartilage exceeded twice the CoF of the PLL-HADN coated PCL against cartilage. After 60 min, the CoF reached equilibrium values which were still significantly higher for bare PCL compared to coated PCL. The present study demonstrated that PCL can effectively be coated with PLL-HADN. Additionally, this coating reduces the friction between PCL and cartilage when a PRG4-rich lubricant is used, similar to the lubricating surface of native cartilage. This makes PLL-HADN coating a promising application to improve the clinical success of PCL-based cartilage resurfacing implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H A Damen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - C C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Wan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - R Cardinaels
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Soft Matter, Rheology and Technology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polymer Technology, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T A Schmidt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - K Ito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Sardana Y, Bhatti GK, Singh C, Sharma PK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Progression of pre-rheumatoid arthritis to clinical disease of joints: Potential role of mesenchymal stem cells. Life Sci 2023; 321:121641. [PMID: 36997059 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) related autoimmunity is developed at mucosal sites due to the interplay between genetic risk factors and environmental triggers. The pre-RA phase that leads to anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and other autoantibodies spread in the systemic circulation may not affect articular tissue for years until a mysterious second hit triggers the localization of RA-related autoimmunity in joints. Several players in the joint microenvironment mediate the synovial innate and adaptive immunological processes, eventually leading to clinical synovitis. There still exists a gap in the early phase of RA pathogenesis, i.e., the progression of diseases from the systemic circulation to joints. The lack of better understanding of these events results in the inability to answer questions about why only after a certain point of time the disease appears in joints and why in some cases, it simply remains latent and doesn't affect joints at all. In the current review, we focused on the immunomodulatory and regenerative role of mesenchymal stem cells and associated exosomes in RA pathology. We also highlighted the age-related dysregulations in activities of mesenchymal stem cells and how that might trigger homing of systemic autoimmunity to joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Sardana
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - Charan Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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Kumar V, Yasmeen N, Chaudhary AA, Alawam AS, Al-Zharani M, Suliman Basher N, Harikrishnan S, Goud MD, Pandey A, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators regulate inflammatory macrophages: A paradigm shift from antibiotics to immunotherapy for mitigating COVID-19 pandemic. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1104577. [PMID: 36825200 PMCID: PMC9942001 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1104577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most severe clinical manifestations of the horrifying COVID-19 disease, that claimed millions of lives during the pandemic time, were Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Coagulopathies, septic shock leading eventually to death. ARDS was a consequence of Cytokine storm. The viral SARS-COV2infection lead to avalanche of cytokines and eicosanoids causing "cytokine storm" and "eicosanoid storm." Cytokine storm is one of the macrophage-derived inflammatory responses triggered by binding of virus particles to ACE2 receptors of alveolar macrophages, arise mainly due to over production of various pro-inflammatory mediators like cytokines, e.g., interleukin (IL)-1, IL-2, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α, causing pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress, and multi-organ failure. Cytokine storm was regarded as the predictor of severity of the disease and was deemed one of the causes of the high mortality rates due to the COVID-19. The basis of cytokine storm is imbalanced switching between an inflammation increasing - pro-inflammatory (M1) and an inflammation regulating-anti-inflammatory (M2) forms of alveolar macrophages which further deteriorates if opportunistic secondary bacterial infections prevail in the lungs. Lack of sufficient knowledge regarding the virus and its influence on co-morbidities, clinical treatment of the diseases included exorbitant use of antibiotics to mitigate secondary bacterial infections, which led to the unwarranted development of multidrug resistance (MDR) among the population across the globe. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) needs to be addressed from various perspectives as it may deprive future generations of the basic health immunity. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are generated from the stereoselective enzymatic conversions of essential fatty acids that serve as immune resolvents in controlling acute inflammatory responses. SPMs facilitate the clearance of injured tissue and cell debris, the removal of pathogens, and augment the concentration of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. The SPMs, e.g., lipoxins, protectins, and resolvins have been implicated in exerting inhibitory influence on with cytokine storm. Experimental evidence suggests that SPMS lower antibiotic requirement. Therefore, in this review potential roles of SPMs in enhancing macrophage polarization, triggering immunological functions, hastening inflammation resolution, subsiding cytokine storm and decreasing antibiotic requirement that can reduce AMR load are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kumar
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India,*Correspondence: Vikram Kumar,
| | - Nusrath Yasmeen
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anis Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S. Alawam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nosiba Suliman Basher
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Harikrishnan
- Amity institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Aishwarya Pandey
- INRS, Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
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Singh K, Kaur H, Sharma PK, Singh G, Singh J. ZnO and cobalt decorated ZnO NPs: Synthesis, photocatalysis and antimicrobial applications. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137322. [PMID: 36427583 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid growth of pollutants, both biological and non-biological, puts environmental systems in jeopardy. In view of this, the current study demonstrates the synthesis of undoped and Cobalt-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Co doped ZnO NPs) via co-precipitation method. The confirmation of incorporation of the Co dopant into ZnO NPs was verified through various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. UV-absorption spectra of cobalt-doped ZnO NPs revealed a red shift with change of absorption spectra from 356 nm to 377 nm as compared to undoped ZnO NPs. XRD studies inferred that the average crystallite size of 0.5% and 1% Co-doped ZnO powder was obtained to be ∼16 nm and 14 nm respectively. A drop in band gap value from 3.48 eV to 3.30 eV provided as substantive evidence of the successful integration of Co2+ ions inside the ZnO matrix. FESEM and HRTEM studies revealed that the obtained ZnO NPs are in narrow size distribution (15-20 nm) with a wurtzite crystal structure. The synthesized ZnO and Co-ZnO NPs showed excellent photocatalytic and antimicrobial potency towards reactive brown dye (RB-1) and two bacterial strains, respectively. 1% Co-doped ZnO demonstrated the maximum photocatalytic activity (∼95%), in contrast to 0.5% Co-doped ZnO and undoped ZnO. Thus, the findings of this work support the developed system has a dual role as the photocatalyst, and antibacterial agent for efficient environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karanpal Singh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Physics, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Gurjinder Singh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, 140406, Punjab, India.
| | - Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India.
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Nancy, Lakhawat SS, Chandel S, Jaswal SK, Sharma PK. Protein Engineering, a Robust Tool to Engineer Novel Functions in Protein. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:541-551. [PMID: 37211849 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230519122612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Designing effective diagnostics, biotherapeutics, and biocatalysts are a few interesting potential outcomes of protein engineering. Despite being just a few decades old, the discipline of de novo protein designing has provided a foundation for remarkable outcomes in the pharmaceuticals and enzyme industries. The technologies that will have the biggest impact on current protein therapeutics include engineered natural protein variants, Fc fusion protein, and antibody engineering. Furthermore, designing protein scaffolds can be used in developing next-generation antibodies and in transplanting active sites in the enzyme. The article highlights the important tools and techniques used in protein engineering and their application in the engineering of enzymes and therapeutic proteins. This review further sheds light on the engineering of superoxide dismutase, an enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radicals to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by catalyzing a redox reaction at the metal center while concurrently oxidizing and reducing superoxide free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib 140406, Punjab, India
| | | | - Sanjeev Chandel
- Department of Nursing, GHG College of Nursing Rajkot Road, Ludhiana Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Jaswal
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University Summer Hill Shimla, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
- Amity Centre for Nanobiotechnology and Nanomedicine, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
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Kaur T, Lakhawat SS, Kumar V, Sharma V, Neeraj RRK, Sharma PK. Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Specific Ring Hydroxylating Dioxygenases: Diversity, Structure, Function, and Protein Engineering. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2023; 24:7-21. [PMID: 36366847 DOI: 10.2174/1389203724666221108114537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitously present in the environment. These compounds have demonstrated both mutagenic and carcinogenic properties. In the past few decades, scientists have constantly been looking for a possible route to their biological degradation. Bacterial ring hydroxylating dioxygenases (RHDs) implicated in the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation comprise a large family of enzymes. RHD catalyzes the stereospecific oxidation of PAHs by incorporating molecular oxygen into inert aromatic nuclei. These biocatalysts hold the potential to completely transform and mineralize toxic forms of these compounds into non-toxic forms. RHDsmediated oxygenation produces cis-dihydrodiols, a chiral compound used in pharmaceutical industries. The Molecular investigation of 16S rRNA and key functional genes involved in pollutant degradation have revealed the dominant occurrence of phylum proteobacteria and actinobacteria in hydrocarbonpolluted environments. The present review is aimed at narrating the diversity, distribution, structural and functional characteristics of RHDs. The review further highlights key amino acids participating in RHDs catalysis. It also discusses the robustness of protein engineering methods in improving the structural and functional activity of the ring hydroxylating dioxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjot Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Word University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
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Kukkar D, Sharma PK, Kim KH. Recent advances in metagenomic analysis of different ecological niches for enhanced biodegradation of recalcitrant lignocellulosic biomass. Environ Res 2022; 215:114369. [PMID: 36165858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulose wastes stemming from agricultural residues can offer an excellent opportunity as alternative energy solutions in addition to fossil fuels. Besides, the unrestrained burning of agricultural residues can lead to the destruction of the soil microflora and associated soil sterilization. However, the difficulties associated with the biodegradation of lignocellulose biomasses remain as a formidable challenge for their sustainable management. In this respect, metagenomics can be used as an effective option to resolve such dilemma because of its potential as the next generation sequencing technology and bioinformatics tools to harness novel microbial consortia from diverse environments (e.g., soil, alpine forests, and hypersaline/acidic/hot sulfur springs). In light of the challenges associated with the bulk-scale biodegradation of lignocellulose-rich agricultural residues, this review is organized to help delineate the fundamental aspects of metagenomics towards the assessment of the microbial consortia and novel molecules (such as biocatalysts) which are otherwise unidentifiable by conventional laboratory culturing techniques. The discussion is extended further to highlight the recent advancements (e.g., from 2011 to 2022) in metagenomic approaches for the isolation and purification of lignocellulolytic microbes from different ecosystems along with the technical challenges and prospects associated with their wide implementation and scale-up. This review should thus be one of the first comprehensive reports on the metagenomics-based analysis of different environmental samples for the isolation and purification of lignocellulose degrading enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kukkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seongdong-gu, Wangsimni-ro, Seoul - 04763, South Korea.
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Saini J, Kaur P, Malik N, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK. Antimicrobial peptides: A promising tool to combat multidrug resistance in SARS CoV2 era. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127206. [PMID: 36162150 PMCID: PMC9491010 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019), a life-threatening viral infection, is caused by a highly pathogenic virus named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2). Currently, no treatment is available for COVID-19; hence there is an urgent need to find effective therapeutic drugs to combat COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the fact that the world is facing a major issue of antimicrobial drug resistance, naturally occurring compounds have the potential to achieve this goal. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are naturally occurring antimicrobial agents which are effective against a wide variety of microbial infections. Therefore, the use of AMPs is an attractive therapeutic strategy for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review sheds light on the potential of antimicrobial peptides as antiviral agents followed by a comprehensive description of effective antiviral peptides derived from various natural sources found to be effective against SARS-CoV and other respiratory viruses. It also highlights the mechanisms of action of antiviral peptides with special emphasis on their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pritpal Kaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
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Kumar V, Lakhawat SS, Sharma PK, Kumar S, Pandey A. Deciphering the plasticizers for the development of polysaccharide based biodegradable edible coatings. CNF 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401318666220908105130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
There is persistently a high demand for fresh fruits and vegetables all over the world. One of the crucial factors that reduces the shelf life of fruits and vegetables is temperature- dependent oxidation during transportation and long storage. Fruits and vegetables coating using eco-friendly coatings hold great advantage over the other synthetic coating materials. The fruits and vegetables coated with coating can prevent from rapid oxidation even at warm temperatures. It enhances the quality and shelf life and maintain the nutritional properties. Though, edible coatings prove to be beneficial, the major drawbacks associated with it is the vulnerability towards moisture- dependent rapid degradation of these fruits and vegetables. Use of appropriate plasticizers would be helpful in enhancing the moisture and oxidation resistance. The current review article will highlight the use of various plasticizers used with polysaccharide-based coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sudarshan Singh Lakhawat
- Faculty of Biochemical Engineering, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Aishwarya Pandey
- INRS, Eau Terre Environnement Research Centre, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sharma PK, Lakhawat SS, Malik N, Kumar V, Kumar S. Implications of CRISPR-Cas9 in developing Next Generation Biofuel: A Minireview. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2022; 23:574-584. [DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220907110310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The major drawbacks of biofuel production at the commercial level are its low yield, non-availability of feedstock, feedback inhibition, presence of inhibitory pathways in various organisms, and biofuel intolerance of organisms. The present review focuses on the implications of the CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene editing tool to alter the genome of bacteria, algae, fungi, and higher plants for efficient biofuel production. Gene knockout and gene cassette insertions employing CRISPR-Cas9 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus have resulted in enhanced production of bioethanol and 2-Phenyl ethanol in these organisms, respectively. Genomes of several bacterial strains were also modified to enhance ethanol and butanol production in them. CRISPR-Cas9 modification of microalgae has demonstrated improved total lipid content, a prerequisite for biofuel production. All over, CRISPR-Cas9 has emerged as a tool of choice for engineering the genome and metabolic pathways of organisms for producing industrial biofuel. In plant-based biofuel production, the biosynthetic pathways of lignin interfere with the satisfactory release of fermentable sugars thus hampering efficient biofuel production. CRISPR-Cas9 has shown a promising role in reducing lignin content in various plants including barley, switchgrass, and rice straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Naveen Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vikram Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur 303002, Rajasthan, India
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Pal N, Jan I, Saini DK, Kumar K, Kumar A, Sharma PK, Kumar S, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Meta-QTLs for multiple disease resistance involving three rusts in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Theor Appl Genet 2022; 135:2385-2405. [PMID: 35699741 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In wheat, multiple disease resistance meta-QTLs (MDR-MQTLs) and underlying candidate genes for the three rusts were identified which may prove useful for development of resistant cultivars. Rust diseases in wheat are a major threat to global food security. Therefore, development of multiple disease-resistant cultivars (resistant to all three rusts) is a major goal in all wheat breeding programs worldwide. In the present study, meta-QTLs and candidate genes for multiple disease resistance (MDR) involving all three rusts were identified using 152 individual QTL mapping studies for resistance to leaf rust (LR), stem rust (SR), and yellow rust (YR). From these 152 studies, a total of 1,146 QTLs for resistance to three rusts were retrieved, which included 368 QTLs for LR, 291 QTLs for SR, and 487 QTLs for YR. Of these 1,146 QTLs, only 718 QTLs could be projected onto the consensus map saturated with 2, 34,619 markers. Meta-analysis of the projected QTLs resulted in the identification of 86 MQTLs, which included 71 MDR-MQTLs. Ten of these MDR-MQTLs were referred to as the 'Breeders' MQTLs'. Seventy-eight of the 86 MQTLs could also be anchored to the physical map of the wheat genome, and 54 MQTLs were validated by marker-trait associations identified during earlier genome-wide association studies. Twenty MQTLs (including 17 MDR-MQTLs) identified in the present study were co-localized with 44 known R genes. In silico expression analysis allowed identification of several differentially expressed candidate genes (DECGs) encoding proteins carrying different domains including the following: NBS-LRR, WRKY domains, F-box domains, sugar transporters, transferases, etc. The introgression of these MDR loci into high-yielding cultivars should prove useful for developing high yielding cultivars with resistance to all the three rusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Pal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, 263145, India
| | - Irfat Jan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Dinesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Sundip Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttrakhand, 263145, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
- Murdoch's Centre for Crop & Food Innovation, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Perth, WA 6150, Australia.
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Mamidi S, Bansal N, Singhal A, Singh PK, Sharma PK. Clinical Profile and Prevalence of H Pylori, Iga-Ttg, and Spectrum of Duodenal Abnormalities in Non Ulcer Dyspepsia. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35443497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Rome IV criterion for a diagnosis of NUD is chronic or recurrent epigastric pain within the last 3 months and an onset of symptoms at least 6 months prior to presentation. The term functional Dyspepsia and idiopathic dyspepsia are often used as well. Symptoms include ulcer-like dyspepsia; gastroparetic-like (nausea, early satiety, and post-prandial pain), and undifferentiated. Pathogenesis of NUD is not completely known yet. Several mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for these symptoms. Although there is strong evidence of an association between H. pylori infection and NUD, Celiac Disease and NUD. Being a tropical country, the prevalence of infections is parasitic cause. Dyspepsia is likely to be more in India. However, the present data from India as scares in literature. Hence the present study was planned to decipher the clinical profile, prevalence of H. pylori, IgA tTG, spectrum of duodenal biopsy abnormalities in NUD patients. MATERIAL This Descriptive Observational study was carried out in the Gastro Enterology center in GOI research institute from August 2020 to March 2021. Initially, 200 dyspepsia patients were selected. 50 patients were excluded due to various reasons. Finally, 150 patients who met the Rome 4 criteria for NUD/Functional Dyspepsia were recruited. The inclusion criteria were patients above 18 years of age, dyspepsia for >/- 6 months, and no evidence of underlying malignancy, pan gastritis, previous gastric ulcers, and pancreatitis. The patients underwent routine blood investigations like haemogram and biochemistry, Rapid Urease Test (RUT), Upper Gastro-Intestinal Endoscopy, Duodenal Biopsy, and Serum IgA-tTG antibody. OBSERVATION The mean age was 46.3 yrs. +/- 14.12 yrs, of which 49.3% were females and 50.70% were males. The prevalence of Epigastric Pain Syndrome (EPS) was found in 37.3%, Post Prandial Distress Syndrome (PDS) in 30.7%, and 32% had both EPS+PDS. 38% of the NUD patients were positive on Rapid Urease Test (RUT) suggesting H. pylori infection. 88.7% of NUD patients were IgA-tTG antibody negative and 11.3% serologically positive. The Duodenal biopsy was normal in 48% of patients, 21.3% had mild inflammation/duodenitis, 8% chronic duodenitis and 22.7% had various grades of Celiac Disease (as per Marsh Grading). These 22.7% showing evidence of Celiac Disease on histopathological examination showed Marsh Grade 1 in 12.7%, Grade-2 in 2%, Grade 3A in 6.7%, and Grade 3B in 1.3%. Only 17.6% of biopsy positive had IgA-tTG antibody positivity but only 4% of total cases were positive for both biopsy and IgA-tTG antibody (p-value 0.05). Eosinophilic infiltration in duodenum common in NUD patients. It was observed that 17.33% (26/150) NUD patients had duodenal eosinophilia. Further, look for the association of duodenal eosinophilia with various diseases. 33.33% (19/57) H. pylori patients had duodenal eosinophilia with p-value < 0.001. It was also observed that 7.52% (7/93) others like normal individual, Chronic duodenitis, mild inflammation/ duodenitis had Duodenal eosinophilia. CONCLUSION The prevalence of H. pylori and IgA-tTG antibodies in non-ulcer dyspepsia patients was 38% and 11.3% respectively. The spectrum of Duodenum biopsy abnormalities in NUD patients included mild inflammation/ duodenitis, Chronic duodenitis, and Celiac Disease. 22.7% of NUD patients had various degrees of celiac disease morphology on D2 biopsy and only 17.6% of these biopsy positive patients were positive for IgA-tTG. Only 4% of total NUD patients were positive for both biopsy and IgA-tTG antibody labeled as Celiac Disease (CeD). There is a significant association between H. pylori and duodenal eosinophilia.
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Mamidi S, Singh S, Bansal N, Singh P, Sharma PK, Jain R, Brar KS. Clinical profile and spectrum of Duodenal biopsy and other investigational abnormalities in NUD patients. J Mar Med Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jmms.jmms_41_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Verma R, Sharma PK, Giri P. Atypical ocular movement disorder after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Postgrad Med 2021; 67:245-246. [PMID: 34708696 PMCID: PMC8706531 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_921_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Verma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Giri
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Boparai JK, Nancy N, Sharma PK. Molecular Cloning, Functional and Biophysical Characterization of an Antimicrobial Peptide from Rhizosphere Soil. Protein Pept Lett 2021; 28:1312-1322. [PMID: 34477502 DOI: 10.2174/0929866528666210903162137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study was designed to screen and identify an antimicrobial peptide from rhizosphere soil. The study was further focused towards overexpression, purification and characterization of this antimicrobial peptide, and to functionally validate its efficiency and efficacy as an antimicrobial agent. Yet the study was further aimed at corroborating structural and functional studies using biophysical tools. BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is emerging as one of the top 10 global health crisis, it is multifaceted and is the second largest cause of mortality. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around the world, an estimated 700,000 people die each year from infection caused by antibiotic-resistant microbes. Antimicrobial peptides offers best alternative to combat and overcome this crisis. In this manuscript, we report cloning, expression, purification and characterization of an antimicrobial peptide discovered from rhizosphere soil. OBJECTIVE Objectives of this study includes construction, screening and identification of antimicrobial peptide from metagenome followed by its expression, purification and functional and biophysical investigation. Yet another objective of the study was to determine antimicrobial efficacy and efficiency as an antimicrobial peptide towards MRSA strains. METHODS In this study, we used array of molecular biology tools that include genetic engineering, PCR amplification, construction of an expression construct and NI-NTA based purification of the recombinant peptide. We have also carried out antimicrobial activity assay to determine MIC and IC50 values of antimicrobial peptide. To establish structural and functional relationship, circular dichroism, and both extrinsic and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy studies were carried out. RESULTS Screening of metagenomic library resulted in identification of gene (~500bp) harbouring an open reading frame (ORF) consisting of 282 bp. Open reading frame identified in gene encodes an antimicrobial peptide which had shared ~95% sequence similarity with the antimicrobial peptide of Bacillus origin. Purification of recombinant protein using Ni-NTA column chromatography demonstrated a purified protein band of ~11 kDa on 14% SDS-PAGE which is well corroborated to theoretical deduced molecular weight of peptide from its amino acids sequence. Interestingly, the peptide exhibited antimicrobial activity in broad range of pH and temperature. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) determined against gram positive Bacillus sp. was found to be 0.015mg/ml, whereas in case of gram negative E. coli, it was calculated to be 0.062mg/ml. The peptide exhibited IC50 values corresponding to ~0.25mg/ml against Bacillus and ~0.5 mg/ml against E. coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility assay performed against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC 3412 and standard strain of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 revealed its strong inhibitory activity against MRSA, whereby we observed a ~16mm clearance zone at higher peptide concentrations ~2mg/ml (~181.8µM). Biophysical investigation carried out using Trp fluorescence, ANS fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy further revealed conformational stability in its secondary and tertiary structure at wide range of temperature and pH. CONCLUSION Altogether, the peptide discovered from rhizosphere metagenome hold potential in inhibiting the growth of both the gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and was equally effective in inhibiting the multidrug resistant pathogenic strains (MRSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur Boparai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India
| | - Nancy Nancy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India
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Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, Sharma PK, van de Meer WJ, van der Sluis LWM, de Andrade FB. Chemical and mechanical influence of root canal irrigation on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals, dentine discs and dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 2020; 54:112-129. [PMID: 32880989 PMCID: PMC7839520 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim To investigate the anti‐biofilm efficacy of irrigation using a simulated root canal model, the chemical effect of irrigants against biofilms grown on dentine discs and their impact on biofilm viscoelasticity, the efficacy of the irrigants in decontaminating infected dentinal tubules and the capacity of bacteria to regrow. Methodology Biofilm removal, viscoelastic analysis of remaining biofilms and bacterial viability were evaluated using a simulated root canal model with lateral morphological features, dentine discs and a dentinal tubule model, respectively. Experiments were conducted using a two‐phase irrigation protocol. Phase 1: a modified salt solution (RISA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) were used at a low flow rate to evaluate the chemical action of the irrigants. Ultrasonic activation (US) of a chemically inert solution (buffer) was used to evaluate the mechanical efficacy of irrigation. Phase 2: a final irrigation with buffer at a high flow rate was performed for all groups. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), low load compression testing (LLCT) and confocal scanning laser microscopy analysis were used in the different models. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed for the OCT and LLCT analysis, whilst Kruskal–Wallis and Wilcoxon ranked tests for the dentinal tubule model. Results US and high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the artificial lateral canal. For biofilm removal from the artificial isthmus, no significant differences were found between the groups. Within‐group analysis revealed significant differences between the steps of the experiment, with the exception of NaOCl. For the dentine discs, no significant differences regarding biofilm removal and viscoelasticity were detected. In the dentinal tubule model, NaOCl exhibited the greatest anti‐biofilm efficacy. Conclusions The mechanical effect of irrigation is important for biofilm removal. An extra high flow irrigation rate resulted in greater biofilm removal than US in the artificial isthmus. The mechanical effect of US seemed to be more effective when the surface contact biofilm–irrigant was small. After the irrigation procedures, the remaining biofilm could survive after a 5‐day period. RISA and NaOCl seemed to alter post‐treatment remaining biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van de Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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Pereira TC, Boutsioukis C, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, Versluis M, de Andrade FB, van de Meer WJ, Sharma PK, van der Sluis LWM, So MVR. Biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and lateral canal during syringe irrigation at various flow rates: a combined experimental and Computational Fluid Dynamics approach. Int Endod J 2020; 54:427-438. [PMID: 32990985 PMCID: PMC7894139 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Aim (i) To quantify biofilm removal from a simulated isthmus and a lateral canal in an artificial root canal system during syringe irrigation with NaOCl at different concentrations and delivered at various flow rates (ii) to examine whether biofilm removal is further improved by a final high‐flow‐rate rinse with an inert irrigant following irrigation with NaOCl. (iii) to simulate the irrigant flow in these areas using a computer model (iv) to examine whether the irrigant velocity calculated by the computer model is correlated to biofilm removal. Methodology Ninety‐six artificial root canals with either a simulated isthmus or lateral canal were used. A dual‐species in vitro biofilm was formed in these areas using a Constant Depth Film Fermenter. NaOCl at various concentrations (2, 5 and 10%) or adhesion buffer (control) was delivered for 30 s by a syringe and an open‐ended needle at 0.033, 0.083, or 0.166 mL s−1 or passively deposited in the main root canal (phase 1). All specimens were subsequently rinsed for 30 s with adhesion buffer at 0.166 mL s−1 (phase 2). The biofilm was scanned by Optical Coherence Tomography to determine the percentage of the remaining biofilm. Results were analysed by two 3‐way mixed‐design ANOVAs (α = 0.05). A Computational Fluid Dynamics model was used to simulate the irrigant flow inside the artificial root canal system. Results The flow rate during phase 1 and additional irrigation during phase 2 had a significant effect on the percentage of the remaining biofilm in the isthmus (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001). Additional irrigation during phase 2 also affected the remaining biofilm in the lateral canal significantly (P ≤ 0.007) but only when preceded by irrigation at medium or high flow rate during phase 1. The effect of NaOCl concentration was not significant (P > 0.05). Irrigant velocity in the isthmus and lateral canal increased with increasing flow rate and it was substantially correlated to biofilm removal from those areas. Conclusions The irrigant flow rate affected biofilm removal in vitro more than NaOCl concentration. Irrigant velocity predicted by the computer model corresponded with the pattern of biofilm removal from the simulated isthmus and lateral canal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Boutsioukis
- Department of Endodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Versluis
- Physics of Fluids group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Center and MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - W J van de Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M V R So
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Saripalli G, Singh K, Gautam T, Kumar S, Raghuvanshi S, Prasad P, Jain N, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Genome-wide analysis of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications due to Lr28 for leaf rust resistance in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum). Plant Mol Biol 2020; 104:113-136. [PMID: 32627097 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Present study revealed a complex relationship among histone H3 methylation (examined using H3K4/K27me3 marks), cytosine DNA methylation and differential gene expression during Lr28 mediated leaf rust resistance in wheat. During the present study, genome-wide histone modifications were examined in a pair of near isogenic lines (NILs) (with and without Lr28 in the background of cv. HD2329). The two histone marks used included H3K4me3 (an activation mark) and H3K27me3 (a repression mark). The results were compared with levels of expression (using RNA-seq) and DNA methylation (MeDIP) data obtained using the same pair of NILs. Some of the salient features of the present study include the following: (i) large scale differential binding sites (DBS) were available for only H3K4me3 in the susceptible cultivar, but for both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in its resistant NIL; (ii) DBSs for H3K27me3 mark were more abundant (> 80%) in intergenic regions, whereas DBSs for H3K4me3 were distributed in all genomic regions including exons, introns, intergenic, TTS (transcription termination sites) and promoters; (iii) fourteen (14) genes associated with DBSs showed co-localization for both the marks; (iv) only a small fraction (7% for H3K4me3 and 12% for H3K27me3) of genes associated with DBSs matched with the levels of gene expression inferred from RNA-seq data; (v) validation studies using qRT-PCR were conducted on 26 selected representative genes; results for only 11 genes could be validated. The proteins encoded by important genes involved in promoting infection included domains generally carried by R gene proteins such as Mlo like protein, protein kinases and purple acid phosphatase. Similarly, proteins encoded by genes involved in resistance included those carrying domains for lectin kinase, R gene, aspartyl protease, etc. Overall, the results suggest a very complex network of downstream genes that are expressed during compatible and incompatible interactions; some of the genes identified during the present study may be used in future validation studies involving RNAi/overexpression approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Kalpana Singh
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- Regional Station, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research (IIWBR), Flowerdale, Shimla, HP, 171002, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics and Plant Breeding, ICAR-IARI, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India
- Bioinformatics Infrastructure Facility, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Chaudhary Charan Singh University, Meerut, U.P., 250004, India.
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22
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Pereira TC, Dijkstra RJB, Petridis X, van der Meer WJ, Sharma PK, de Andrade FB, van der Sluis LWM. The influence of time and irrigant refreshment on biofilm removal from lateral morphological features of simulated root canals. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1705-1714. [PMID: 32502284 PMCID: PMC7754391 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aim To evaluate the effect of irrigant refreshment and exposure time of a 2% sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl) on biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces using two different flow rates. Methodology A dual‐species biofilm was formed by a Constant Depth Film Fermenter (CDFF) for 96 h in plug inserts with anatomical features resembling an isthmus or lateral canal‐like structures. The inserts were placed in a root canal model facing the main canal. NaOCl 2% and demineralized water (control group) were used as irrigant solutions. Both substances were applied at a flow rate of 0.05 and 0.1 mL s−1. The samples were divided into three groups with zero, one or two refreshments in a total exposure time of 15 min. A three‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed to investigate the interaction amongst the independent variables and the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on percentage of biofilm removal. A Tukey post hoc test was used to evaluate the effect of each independent variable on percentage biofilm removal in the absence of statistically significant interactions. Results For the lateral canal, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time (P = 0.005). There was no significant effect in biofilm removal between the consecutive irrigant refreshments measured in the same biofilm. For the isthmus, NaOCl removed significantly more biofilm irrespective of the number of refreshments and exposure time; both NaOCl and a high flow rate removed significantly more biofilm when the exposure time was analysed (P = 0.018 and P = 0.029, respectively). Evaluating the effect of consecutive irrigant refreshment on the same biofilm, 2% NaOCl, 0.1 mL s−1 flow rate and one or two refreshments removed significant more biofilm (P = 0.04, 0.034 and 0.003, <0.001, respectively). Conclusions In this model, refreshment did not improve biofilm removal from simulated lateral root canal spaces. NaOCl removed more biofilm from the lateral canal‐ and isthmus‐like structure. A higher flow rate removed significantly more biofilm from the isthmus‐like structure. There was always remaining biofilm left after the irrigation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Pereira
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil.,Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - X Petridis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W J van der Meer
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F B de Andrade
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Verma S, Kumar R, Kumar P, Sharma D, Gahlot H, Sharma PK, Meghwanshi GK. Cloning, Characterization, and Structural Modeling of an Extremophilic Bacterial Lipase Isolated from Saline Habitats of the Thar Desert. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:557-572. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03329-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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de Hilster RHJ, Sharma PK, Jonker MR, White ES, Gercama EA, Roobeek M, Timens W, Harmsen MC, Hylkema MN, Burgess JK. Human lung extracellular matrix hydrogels resemble the stiffness and viscoelasticity of native lung tissue. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 318:L698-L704. [PMID: 32048864 PMCID: PMC7191637 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00451.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and abundance affecting the mechanical properties of the lung. This study aimed to generate ECM hydrogels from control, severe COPD [Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) IV], and fibrotic human lung tissue and evaluate whether their stiffness and viscoelastic properties were reflective of native tissue. For hydrogel generation, control, COPD GOLD IV, and fibrotic human lung tissues were decellularized, lyophilized, ground into powder, porcine pepsin solubilized, buffered with PBS, and gelled at 37°C. Rheological properties from tissues and hydrogels were assessed with a low-load compression tester measuring the stiffness and viscoelastic properties in terms of a generalized Maxwell model representing phases of viscoelastic relaxation. The ECM hydrogels had a greater stress relaxation than tissues. ECM hydrogels required three Maxwell elements with slightly faster relaxation times (τ) than that of native tissue, which required four elements. The relative importance (Ri) of the first Maxwell element contributed the most in ECM hydrogels, whereas for tissue the contribution was spread over all four elements. IPF tissue had a longer-lasting fourth element with a higher Ri than the other tissues, and IPF ECM hydrogels did require a fourth Maxwell element, in contrast to all other ECM hydrogels. This study shows that hydrogels composed of native human lung ECM can be generated. Stiffness of ECM hydrogels resembled that of whole tissue, while viscoelasticity differed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R H J de Hilster
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, KOLFF institute - MOHOF, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M R Jonker
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E S White
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - E A Gercama
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Roobeek
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Timens
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M C Harmsen
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M N Hylkema
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, Groningen, The Netherlands.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, KOLFF institute - REGENERATE, Groningen, The Netherlands
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25
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Gupta S, Verma R, Sethi R, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Sharma PK, Rizvi I, Uniyal R. Cardiovascular complications and its relationship with functional outcomes in Guillain-Barré syndrome. QJM 2020; 113:93-99. [PMID: 31504947 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a monophasic disease characterized by acute polyradiculoneuropathy. AIM This study investigated cardiovascular complications in patients with GBS and their relationship with outcomes. DESIGN AND METHODS We included 96 patients, who were diagnosed with GBS according to Brighton case definitions. All enrolled patients were evaluated according to a predetermined algorithm, which included nerve conduction studies, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, electrocardiography, 2D echo, cardiac markers and autonomic function testing. RESULTS We enrolled a total of 96 patients. The mean age of patients was 35.75 ± 17.66 years. Furthermore, 54.2% of patients developed cardiovascular complications, of which changes in electrocardiography (ECG) findings (50%), hypertension (28.12%), labile hypertension (12.5), tachycardia (26.04), bradycardia (13.54%) and a fluctuating heart rate (HR) (11.46) were common. Other cardiovascular complications seen in GBS patients were increased pro-BNP (26.04%), raised troponin T levels (3.12%), acute coronary syndrome (2.08%), heart failure (2.08%) and abnormal 2D echo findings (8.33%). The results of the univariate analysis revealed that a history of preceding infection, a Medical Research Council sum score, neck muscle weakness, facial nerve involvement, bulbar involvement, respiratory failure, cardiovascular complications, autonomic dysfunction, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy subtype and baseline Hughes score were significantly (P < 0.005) associated with poor outcomes. However, none of these factors were found to be independently associated with poor outcomes in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION A considerable number of patients with GBS developed cardiovascular complications and it needs attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Verma
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Sethi
- Department of Cardiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R K Garg
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - H S Malhotra
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - P K Sharma
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - I Rizvi
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R Uniyal
- From the Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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26
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Abstract
Background Hyperpigmentation remains an important finding in cases of venous insufficiency and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) among the vascular causes. Aims This study aimed at finding the presence of arterial and/or venous insufficiency in patients of lower leg hyperpigmentation by using vascular ultrasound (US). Materials and Methods Fifty patients of lower leg pigmentation were included in the study. The detailed history, general physical examination, and laboratory investigations were done. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed to check for venous insufficiency/PADs. Qualitative variables were correlated using chi-square test/Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The mean age of the patients was 44.32 ± 14.16 years. Four patterns of skin changes were seen - reticulate macular, diffuse macular, lipodermatosclerosis and ulcer. Thirty-five (70%) patients had no visible varicose vein while 15 (30%) had visible varicose vein. In patients with visible varicose vein, color Doppler showed signs of venous insufficiency in all patients, but in cases of no visible varicose vein, color Doppler showed signs of venous insufficiency in 19 (54.28%) patients and showed no signs of venous insufficiency in others (P = 0.78). Only 1 (2%) patient showed atherosclerotic changes in both anterior tibial arteries. Conclusion All patients with lower leg pigmentation with or without visible varicose vein should undergo vascular US to rule out any venous insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, NIT, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - U C Garga
- Department of Radiology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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27
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Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides in recent years have gained increased interest among scientists, health professionals and the pharmaceutical companies owing to their therapeutic potential. These are low molecular weight proteins with broad range antimicrobial and immuno modulatory activities against infectious bacteria (Gram positive and Gram negative), viruses and fungi. Inability of micro-organisms to develop resistance against most of the antimicrobial peptide has made them as an efficient product which can greatly impact the new era of antimicrobials. In addition to this these peptides also demonstrates increased efficacy, high specificity, decreased drug interaction, low toxicity, biological diversity and direct attacking properties. Pharmaceutical industries are therefore conducting appropriate clinical trials to develop these peptides as potential therapeutic drugs. More than 60 peptide drugs have already reached the market and several hundreds of novel therapeutic peptides are in preclinical and clinical development. Rational designing can be used further to modify the chemical and physical properties of existing peptides. This mini review will discuss the sources, mechanism and recent therapeutic applications of antimicrobial peptides in treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspreet Kaur Boparai
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
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28
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Sharma V, Kumar R, Sharma VK, Yadav AK, Tiirola M, Sharma PK. Expression, purification, characterization and in silico analysis of newly isolated hydrocarbon degrading bleomycin resistance dioxygenase. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:533-544. [PMID: 31724125 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05159-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present investigation, we report cloning, expression, purification and characterization of a novel Bleomycin Resistance Dioxygenase (BRPD). His-tagged fusion protein was purified to homogeneity using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography, yielding 1.2 mg of BRPD with specific activity of 6.25 U mg-1 from 600 ml of E. coli culture. Purified enzyme was a dimer with molecular weight ~ 26 kDa in SDS-PAGE and ~ 73 kDa in native PAGE analysis. The protein catalyzed breakdown of hydrocarbon substrates, including catechol and hydroquinone, in the presence of metal ions, as characterized via spectrophotometric analysis of the enzymatic reactions. Bleomycin binding was proven using the EMSA gel retardation assay, and the putative bleomycin binding site was further determined by in silico analysis. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that BRPD attains octahedral configuration in the presence of Fe2+ ion, forming six co-ordinate complexes to degrade hydroquinone-like molecules. In contrary, in the presence of Zn2+ ion BRPD adopts tetrahedral configuration, which enables degradation of catechol-like molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India
| | - Rajender Kumar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, 40014, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, India.
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29
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Saini J, Sharma PK. Clinical, Prognostic and Therapeutic Significance of Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer. Curr Drug Targets 2019; 19:1478-1490. [PMID: 28831912 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170823121248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) constitute a group of proteins that play a crucial role in the process of protein folding. HSPs are also known to modulate a number of key apoptotic factors. High expression of these proteins is reported in an array of cancers, such as breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, ovarian, gastric, oral and esophageal cancer. Ample amount of investigations were carried out on a variety of cancers suggesting HSPs as a promising hallmark in cancers. Their expression profile in several tumors elucidates that they help in proliferation, invasion, metastasis and death of cancerous cells. Detection of the levels of heat shock proteins and their specific antibodies in the sera of diseased individuals can play an important role in cancer diagnosis. OBJECTIVES This review will present and summarize latest research being carried out on heat shock proteins. It will also highlight the clinical and prognostic features of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, HSP90 and HSP110, and will discuss future implications of HSPs in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. Furthermore, the role of heat shock proteins as a therapeutic target in cancer will be discussed. In addition, the review article will report various studies, where HSPs have been targeted for their therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION In summary, multiple experimental investigations have been successful in suggesting the role of heat shock protein as a clinical biomarker and therapeutic target in cancer. HSPs are associated with a number of cancer hallmarks such as cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Inhibition of HSPs has resulted in successful therapeutic outcome in cancer. It has served as a novel anti-cancer therapy for the treatment of several cancer forms. However, more experimental studies are required to elucidate the reliability and efficacy of heat shock proteins in combination with other conventional markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Novel and effective interventions through HSP inhibition are expected to decrease the burden of cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Saini
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Word University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, 140406, India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib Word University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Pb, 140406, India
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30
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Lindahl JF, Vrentas CE, Deka RP, Hazarika RA, Rahman H, Bambal RG, Bedi JS, Bhattacharya C, Chaduhuri P, Fairoze NM, Gandhi RS, Gill JPS, Gupta NK, Kumar M, Londhe S, Rahi M, Sharma PK, Shome R, Singh R, Srinivas K, Swain BB. Brucellosis in India: results of a collaborative workshop to define One Health priorities. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:387-396. [PMID: 31620958 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production losses, and in humans, it causes an often-chronic febrile illness that is frequently underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, including India. India has one of the largest ruminant populations in the world, and brucellosis is endemic in the country in both humans and animals. In November 2017, the International Livestock Research Institute invited experts from government, national research institutes, universities, and different international organizations to a one-day meeting to set priorities towards a "One Health" control strategy for brucellosis in India. Using a risk prioritization exercise followed by discussions, the meeting agreed on the following priorities: collaboration (transboundary and transdisciplinary); collection of more epidemiological evidence in humans, cattle, and in small ruminants (which have been neglected in past research); Economic impact studies, including cost effectiveness of control programmes; livestock vaccination, including national facilities for securing vaccines for the cattle population; management of infected animals (with the ban on bovine slaughter, alternatives such as sanctuaries must be explored); laboratory capacities and diagnostics (quality must be assured and better rapid tests developed); and increased awareness, making farmers, health workers, and the general public more aware of risks of brucellosis and zoonoses in general. Overall, the meeting participants agreed that brucellosis control will be challenging in India, but with collaboration to address the priority areas listed here, it could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 7054, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, P.O Box 582, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine E Vrentas
- National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA. .,The Engaged Scientist, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Ram P Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, Guwahati Office, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Razibuddin A Hazarika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - H Rahman
- South Asia Regional Office, NASC Complex, International Livestock Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R G Bambal
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - J S Bedi
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - C Bhattacharya
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of National Capital Territory (NCT), Delhi, India
| | - Pallab Chaduhuri
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Nadeem Mohamed Fairoze
- Department of LPT, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal & Fisheries Sciences University Bangalore, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - R S Gandhi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - J P S Gill
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - N K Gupta
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, 800014, India
| | - S Londhe
- South Asia Regional Programme, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - M Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P K Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - R Shome
- ICAR-National Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - R Singh
- Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, 800014, India
| | - K Srinivas
- Indian Immunologicals Ltd., Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - B B Swain
- South Asia Regional Office, NASC Complex, International Livestock Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
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31
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Sharma PK, Sharma V, Sharma S, Bhatia G, Singh K, Sharma R. Comparative metatranscriptome analysis revealed broad response of microbial communities in two soil types, agriculture versus organic soil. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2019; 17:6. [PMID: 31659568 PMCID: PMC6821142 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-019-0006-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studying expression of genes by direct sequencing and analysis of metatranscriptomes at a particular time and space can disclose structural and functional insights about microbial communities. The present study reports comparative analysis of metatranscriptome from two distinct soil ecosystems referred as M1 (agriculture soil) and O1 (organic soil). RESULTS Analysis of sequencing reads revealed Proteobacteria as major dominant phyla in both soil types. The order of the top 3 abundant phyla in M1 sample was Proteobacteria > Ascomycota > Firmicutes, whereas in sample O1, the order was Proteobacteria > Cyanobacteria > Actinobacteria. Analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated high expression of transcripts related to copper-binding proteins, proteins involved in electron carrier activity, DNA integration, endonuclease activity, MFS transportation, and other uncharacterized proteins in M1 compared to O1. Of the particular interests, several transcripts related to nitrification, ammonification, stress response, and alternate carbon fixation pathways were highly expressed in M1. In-depth analysis of the sequencing data revealed that transcripts of archaeal origin had high expression in M1 compared to O1 indicating the active role of Archaea in metal- and pesticide-contaminated environment. In addition, transcripts encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, glyoxalase/bleomycin resistance protein/dioxygenase, metapyrocatechase, and ring hydroxylating dioxygenases of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways had high expression in M1. Altogether, this study provided important insights about the transcripts and pathways upregulating in the presence of pesticides and herbicides. CONCLUSION Altogether, this study claims a high expression of microbial transcripts in two ecosystems with a wide range of functions. It further provided clue about several molecular markers which could be a strong indicator of metal and pesticide contamination in soils. Interestingly, our study revealed that Archaea are playing a significant role in nitrification process as compared to bacteria in metal- and pesticide-contaminated soil. In particular, high expression of transcripts related to aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in M1 soil indicates their important role in biodegradation of pollutants, and therefore, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vinay Sharma
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab 140407 India
| | - Shailesh Sharma
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology (NIAB), Miyapur, Hyderabad, Telangana 500 049 India
| | - Garima Bhatia
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Kashmir Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014 India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab 140407 India
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32
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Petridis X, Busanello FH, So MVR, Dijkstra RJB, Sharma PK, van der Sluis LWM. Chemical efficacy of several NaOCl concentrations on biofilms of different architecture: new insights on NaOCl working mechanisms. Int Endod J 2019; 52:1773-1788. [PMID: 31389008 PMCID: PMC7328853 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the anti-biofilm efficacy and working mechanism of several NaOCl concentrations on dual-species biofilms of different architecture as well as the changes induced on the architecture of the remaining biofilms. METHODOLOGY Streptococcus oralis J22 and Actinomyces naeslundii T14V-J1 were co-cultured under different growth conditions on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs. A constant-depth film fermenter (CDFF) was used to grow steady-state, four-day mature biofilms (dense architecture). Biofilms were grown under static conditions for 4 days within a confined space (less dense architecture). Twenty microlitres of buffer, 2-, 5-, and 10% NaOCl were applied statically on the biofilms for 60 s. Biofilm disruption and dissolution, as well as bubble formation, were evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). The viscoelastic profile of the biofilms post-treatment was assessed with low load compression testing (LLCT). The bacteria/extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) content of the biofilms was examined through confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). OCT, LLCT and CLSM data were analysed through one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test. Linear regression analysis was performed to test the correlation between bubble formation and NaOCl concentration. The level of significance was set at a < 0.05. RESULTS The experimental hypothesis according to which enhanced biofilm disruption, dissolution and bubble formation were anticipated with increasing NaOCl concentration was generally confirmed in both biofilm types. Distinct differences between the two biofilm types were noted with regard to NaOCl anti-biofilm efficiency as well as the effect that the several NaOCl concentrations had on the viscoelasticity profile and the bacteria/EPS content. Along with the bubble generation patterns observed, these led to the formulation of a concentration and biofilm structure-dependent theory of biofilm removal. CONCLUSIONS Biofilm architecture seems to be an additional determining factor of the penetration capacity of NaOCl, and consequently of its anti-biofilm efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Petridis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F H Busanello
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M V R So
- Conservative Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R J B Dijkstra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L W M van der Sluis
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Mehta VK, Verma R, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Sharma PK, Jain A. Study of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels in patients with neurological manifestations of dengue. J Postgrad Med 2019; 63:11-15. [PMID: 28079042 PMCID: PMC5394810 DOI: 10.4103/0022-3859.188545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Pro-inflammatory markers play a key role in the pathogenesis of various Flavivirus infection. Aim: In this study, we evaluated the role of these markers in neurological manifestations of dengue. Settings and Designs: Consecutive dengue cases with different neurological manifestations who presented between August 2012 and July 2014 were studied in hospital-based case–control study. Materials and Methods: Interleukin (IL-6) and IL-8 level were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of dengue cases with different neurological manifestations and also in age- and sex-matched controls. Level was analyzed with various parameters and outcomes. Statistical Analysis: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0 by applying appropriate statistical methods. P < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Out of the 40 enrolled cases of dengue with neurological manifestations, 29 had central nervous system and 11 had peripheral nervous system (CNS/PNS) manifestations. In CNS group, both IL-6 and IL-8 (CSF and serum) were significantly elevated (P < 0.001), whereas CSF IL-6 (P = 0.008), serum IL-6 (P = 0.001), and serum IL-8 (P = 0.005) were significantly elevated in PNS group. CSF IL-6, serum IL-6, and IL-8 were significantly elevated in poor outcome patients in CNS group (P < 0.05). CSF IL-6 and IL-8 were significantly elevated in CSF dengue positive cases as compared to CSF negative patients (P < 0.05). Cytokine level was not significantly correlated with neuroimaging abnormality in CNS group. Nine patients died and the remainder recovered. Conclusion: Elevated level of IL-6 and IL-8 is associated with different neurological manifestations and poor outcome, but whether they are contributing to neuropathogenesis or simply a correlate of severe disease remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K Mehta
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Verma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R K Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - H S Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A Jain
- Department of Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Verma R, Sarkar S, Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Sharma PK, Saxena S. Ophthalmological manifestation in patients of tuberculous meningitis. QJM 2019; 112:409-419. [PMID: 30722057 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision impairment, blindness in particular is a devastating complication in patients with tuberculous meningitis. However, information regarding ophthalmological manifestation and its impact on vision is sparse in the literature. This study evaluated the spectrum of ophthalmological manifestations in tuberculous meningitis, including retinal nerve fiber layer thickness assessment by optic coherence tomography and its correlation with visual and clinical outcome. METHODS This was a prospective observational study done from October 2015 to March 2017. Consecutive patients of tuberculous meningitis, diagnosed as per consensus case definition were included in the study. The patients were divided into two categories: uncomplicated and complicated tuberculous meningitis. Clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid examination and contrast enhanced MRI of brain was done. Detailed ophthalmological evaluation including optic coherence tomography was done in all patients. All the patients were followed for 6 months. The primary outcome was blindness or low vision after 6 months. The secondary outcome was death or severe disability after 6 months. It was defined as modified Barthel index (MBI) ≤ 12 at 6 months (including disability plus death). Appropriate statistical analysis was done. RESULTS Out of 101 patients of tuberculous meningitis, 47 patients of TBM belonged to uncomplicated category, while 54 patients were of complicated group. The visual impairment was present in 24 out of 101 (23.76%) patients out of which 20 (19.8%) patients had low vision while 4 (3.96%) had blindness. The visual impairment was more evident in complicated group, low vision 0.03 (1.2-31.5). The most common abnormality on fundus examination was papilledema (22.8%). The complicated group had more incidence <0.0001 (19.6-48). Optic atrophy was found in three patients while choroid tubercles were found in eight patients (all complicated TBM group). RNFL thinning was noted in 10 patients in both the eyes. On univariate analysis, presence of diplopia at baseline, impairment of color vision at baseline, visual impairment at baseline, cranial nerve VIth involvement, optic atrophy and papilledema at baseline, RNFL thinning, abnormal VEP and baseline MBI were associated with poor visual outcome. On multivariate analysis, none of the factors were found to be independently associated with poor visual outcome. On univariate analysis, many factors including baseline MRC staging, altered sensorium, seizure, hemiparesis, basal exudates, infarcts, optochiasmaticarachnoiditis, visual impairment at baseline were found to be associated with poor clinical outcome at 6 months. On multivariate analysis, presence of seizure (P = 0.047, odds ratio = 78.59, 95% confidence interval (1.07-578.72)) was the only factor found to be independently associated with poor outcome. CONCLUSION Wide spectrum of ophthalmological manifestation was observed in patients of tuberculous meningitis. The visual impairment was more evident in complicated tuberculous meningitis. Ophthalmological findings like optic atrophy, papilledema and RNFL thinning were associated with poor visual outcome on univariate but not multivariate analysis. Visual impairment at baseline, among other factors was associated with poor clinical outcome on univariate analysis, whereas seizure was the only factor independently associated with poor outcome on multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Verma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S Sarkar
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - R K Garg
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - H S Malhotra
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - S Saxena
- Department of Ophthalmology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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Kaur M, Singh G, Kaur A, Sharma PK, Kang TS. Thermally Stable Ionic Liquid-Based Microemulsions for High-Temperature Stabilization of Lysozyme at Nanointerfaces. Langmuir 2019; 35:4085-4093. [PMID: 30810316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of new strategies for thermal stability and storage of enzymes is very important, considering the nonretention of catalytic activity by enzymes under harsh conditions of temperature. Following this, herein, a new approach based on the interfacial adsorption of lysozyme (LYZ) at nanointerfaces of ionic liquid (IL)-based microemulsions, for enhanced thermal stability of LYZ, is reported. Microemulsions (MEs) composed of dialkyl imidazolium-based surface active ILs (SAILs) as surfactants, ILs as the nonpolar phase, and ethylene glycol (EG) as the polar phase, without any cosurfactants, have been prepared and characterized in detail. Various regions corresponding to polar-in-IL, bicontinuous, and IL-in-polar phases have been characterized using conductivity measurements. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements have provided insights into the size distribution of microdroplets, whereas temperature-dependent DLS measurements established the thermal stability of the MEs. Nanointerfaces formed by SAILs with EG in thermally stable reverse MEs act as fluid scaffolds to adsorb and provide thermal stability, up to 120 °C, to LYZ. Thermally treated LYZ upon extraction into a buffer shows enzyme activity owing to negligible change in the active site of LYZ, as marked by retention of microenvironment of Trp residues present in the active site of LYZ. The present work is expected to establish a new platform for the development of novel nanointerfaces utilizing biobased components for other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manvir Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
| | - Gurbir Singh
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
| | - Anupreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
| | - Pushpender Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology , Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University , Fatehgarh Sahib 140406 , India
| | - Tejwant Singh Kang
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies-II , Guru Nanak Dev University , Amritsar 143005 , India
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Desai ML, Deshmukh B, Lenka N, Haran V, Jha S, Basu H, Singhal RK, Sharma PK, Kailasa SK, Kim KH. Influence of doping ion, capping agent and pH on the fluorescence properties of zinc sulfide quantum dots: Sensing of Cu 2+ and Hg 2+ ions and their biocompatibility with cancer and fungal cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 210:212-221. [PMID: 30458389 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a facile one-pot synthetic method was explored for the fabrication of glutathione capped Mn2+ doped‑zinc sulphide quantum dots (GSH-Mn2+-ZnS QDs) for both fluorescent detection of Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions and for fluorescence imaging of two cancer (RIN5F and MDAMB231) and fungal (Rhizopus oryzae) cells. Particularly, doping of Mn2+ into ZnS QDs nanocrystal structure resulted a great improvement in the fluorescence properties of ZnS QDs. The emission peak of undoped ZnS QDs was found at 447 nm, which is due to the large number of surface defects in the ZnS QDs nanostructures. Under identical conditions, there is a good linear relationship between the quenching of fluorescence intensity and analytes (Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions) concentration in the range of 0.005 to 0.2 mM and of 0.025 to 0.4 mM for Cu2+ and Hg2+ ions, respectively. The GSH-Mn2+-ZnS QDs exhibit least cytotoxicity against RIN5F and MDAMB231 cells, demonstrating the multifunctional applications in sensing of metal ions and biocompatibility towards cancer (RIN5F and MDAMB231) and fungal (Rhizopus oryzae) cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mittal L Desai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, India
| | - Balaji Deshmukh
- National Center for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, Maharastra, India
| | - Nibedita Lenka
- National Center for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, Maharastra, India
| | - Varun Haran
- National Center for Cell Science, NCCS Complex, Pune University Campus, Pune 411 007, Maharastra, India
| | - Sanjay Jha
- Gujarat Agricultural Biotechnology Institute, Navsari Agricultural University, Surat 395007, India
| | - Hirakendu Basu
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Singhal
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, S. V. National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, India.
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Atmospheric Environment & Air Quality Management Lab, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-Ro, Seoul 04763, South Korea
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Gautam T, Saripalli G, Gahlaut V, Kumar A, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. Further studies on sugar transporter (SWEET) genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:2327-2353. [PMID: 30830588 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04691-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SWEET proteins represent one of the largest sugar transporter family in the plant kingdom and play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. In the present study, a total of 108 TaSWEET genes distributed on all the 21 wheat chromosomes were identified using the latest whole genome sequence (as against 59 genes reported in an earlier report). These 108 genes included 14 of the 17 types reported in Arabidopsis and also included three novel types. Tandem duplications (22) and segmental duplications (5) played a significant role in the expansion of TaSWEET family. A number of cis-elements were also identified in the promoter regions of TaSWEET genes, indicating response of TaSWEET genes during development and also during biotic/abiotic stresses. The TaSWEET proteins carried 4-7 trans-membrane helices (TMHs) showing diversity in structure. Phylogenetic analysis using SWEET proteins of wheat and 8 other species gave four well-known clusters. Expression analysis involving both in silico and in planta indicated relatively higher expression of TaSWEET genes in water/heat sensitive and leaf rust resistant genotypes. The results provided insights into the functional role of TaSWEETs in biotic and abiotic stresses, which may further help in planning strategies to develop high yielding wheat varieties tolerant to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Vijay Gahlaut
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Anuj Kumar
- Advance Center for Computational & Applied Biotechnology, Uttarakhand Council for Biotechnology (UCB), Dehradun, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
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Jaiswal S, Sharma PK. An Assessment of Genotoxic Damage in Exfoliated Buccal Cells Using Saliva as a Tool. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jasi.jasi_99_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sharma C, Kumar S, Saripalli G, Jain N, Raghuvanshi S, Sharma JB, Prabhu KV, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. H3K4/K9 acetylation and Lr28-mediated expression of six leaf rust responsive genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 294:227-241. [PMID: 30298213 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-018-1500-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Development of leaf rust-resistant cultivars is a priority during wheat breeding, since leaf rust causes major losses in yield. Resistance against leaf rust due to Lr genes is partly controlled by epigenetic modifications including histone acetylation that is known to respond to biotic/abiotic stresses. In the present study, enrichment of H3K4ac and H3K9ac in promoters of six defense responsive genes (N-acetyltransferase, WRKY 40, WRKY 70, ASR1, Peroxidase 12 and Sarcosine oxidase) was compared with their expression in a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) for the gene Lr28 following inoculation with leaf rust pathotype '77-5'; ChIP-qPCR was used for this purpose. The proximal and distal promoters of these genes contained a number of motifs that are known to respond to biotic stresses. The enrichment of two acetylation marks changed with passage of time; changes in expression of two of the six genes (N-acetyltransferase and peroxidase12), largely matched with changes in H3K4/H3K9 acetylation patterns of the two promoter regions. For example, enrichment of both the marks matched with higher expression of N-acetyltransferase gene in susceptible NIL and the deacetylation (H3K4ac) largely matched with reduced gene expression in resistant NIL. In peroxidase12, enrichment of H3K4ac and H3K9ac largely matched with higher expression in both the NILs. In the remaining four genes, changes in H3 acetylation did not always match with gene expression levels. This indicated complexity in the regulation of the expression of these remaining four genes, which may be controlled by other epigenetic/genetic regulatory mechanisms that need further analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, South Korea
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - J B Sharma
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - K V Prabhu
- Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India.
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Sharma C, Saripalli G, Kumar S, Gautam T, Kumar A, Rani S, Jain N, Prasad P, Raghuvanshi S, Jain M, Sharma JB, Prabhu KV, Sharma PK, Balyan HS, Gupta PK. A study of transcriptome in leaf rust infected bread wheat involving seedling resistance gene Lr28. Funct Plant Biol 2018; 45:1046-1064. [PMID: 32291004 DOI: 10.1071/fp17326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Leaf rust disease causes severe yield losses in wheat throughout the world. During the present study, high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis was used to gain insights into the role of Lr28 gene in imparting seedling leaf rust resistance in wheat. Differential expression analysis was conducted using a pair of near-isogenic lines (NILs) (HD 2329 and HD 2329+Lr28) at early (0h before inoculation (hbi), 24 and 48h after inoculation (hai)) and late stages (72, 96 and 168 hai) after inoculation with a virulent pathotype of pathogen Puccinia triticina. Expression of a large number of genes was found to be affected due to the presence/absence of Lr28. Gene ontology analysis of the differentially expressed transcripts suggested enrichment of transcripts involved in carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, oxidative stress and hormone metabolism, in resistant and/or susceptible NILs. Genes encoding receptor like kinases (RLKs) (including ATP binding; serine threonine kinases) and other kinases were the most abundant class of genes, whose expression was affected. Genes involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis and several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) (most abundant being WRKY TFs) were also identified along with some ncRNAs and histone variants. Quantitative real-time PCR was also used for validation of 39 representative selected genes. In the long term, the present study should prove useful in developing leaf rust resistant wheat cultivars through molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanchal Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Gautam Saripalli
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Tinku Gautam
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Avneesh Kumar
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - Sushma Rani
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - Neelu Jain
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - Pramod Prasad
- Regional Station, Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Flowerdale, Shimla, 171002, India
| | - Saurabh Raghuvanshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Mukesh Jain
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - J B Sharma
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - K V Prabhu
- Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa, New Delhi, 110022, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - H S Balyan
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
| | - P K Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Ch.Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250004, India
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Kaul
- Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - A Haris
- Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - S Nair
- Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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de Vries SAH, van Doeselaar M, Kaper HJ, Sharma PK, Ito K. Notochordal cell matrix as a bioactive lubricant for the osteoarthritic joint. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8875. [PMID: 29891965 PMCID: PMC5995895 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Notochordal cell derived matrix (NCM) can induce regenerative effects on nucleus pulposus cells and may exert such effects on chondrocytes as well. Furthermore, when dissolved at low concentrations, NCM forms a viscous fluid with potential lubricating properties. Therefore, this study tests the feasibility of the use of NCM as a regenerative lubricant for the osteoarthritic joint. Chondrocyte-seeded alginate beads were cultured in base medium (BM), BM with NCM (NCM), or BM with TGF-β1 (TGF), as well as BM and NCM treated with IL-1β. NCM increased GAG deposition and cell proliferation (stronger than TGF), and GAG/DNA ratio and hydroxyproline content (similar to TGF). These effects were maintained in the presence of IL-1β. Moreover, NCM mitigated expression of IL-1β-induced IL-6, IL-8, ADAMTS-5 and MMP-13. Reciprocating sliding friction tests of cartilage on glass were performed to test NCM's lubricating properties relative to hyaluronic acid (HA), and showed a dose-dependent reduction in coefficient of friction with NCM, similar to HA. NCM has anabolic and anti-inflammatory effects on chondrocytes, as well as lubricating properties. Therefore, intra-articular NCM injection may have potential as a treatment to minimize pain while restoring the affected cartilage tissue in the osteoarthritic joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A H de Vries
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - M van Doeselaar
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - H J Kaper
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - K Ito
- Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Sinha S, Verma G, Sharma PK, Ahuja A. Wolf's isotopic nonresponse in healed herpes zoster in erythroderma. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:217-220. [PMID: 29393080 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_1170_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sinha
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Gunjan Verma
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Arvind Ahuja
- Department of Dermatology and STD, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Collier S, Pandis N, Johal A, Qureshi U, Sharma PK, Fleming PS. A prospective cohort study assessing the appearance of retrieved aesthetic orthodontic archwires. Orthod Craniofac Res 2017; 21:27-32. [PMID: 29205804 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the appearance of three esthetic nickel titanium (NiTi) wires after 6 weeks of intra-oral cycling and to determine the association between objective and subjective measures of esthetics. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION A prospective cohort study was undertaken involving participants undergoing upper fixed orthodontic appliance treatment with ceramic brackets. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty participants were assigned to one of three groups of NiTi esthetic wires (American Orthodontics Ever White™, Forestadent Biocosmetic™ and GAC High Aesthetic™), with wires retrieved after 6 weeks in situ. Participants completed a bespoke questionnaire exploring perceptions of wire esthetics. Objective measurement of coating loss was undertaken using a custom arch wire jig. RESULTS American Orthodontics Ever White™ had the greatest mean coating loss (50.7%) followed by Forestadent Biocosmetic™ (6%), with GAC High Aesthetic TM undergoing minimal loss (0.07%) (P < .001). The majority of coating loss with the American Orthodontics Ever White™ wires arose in the anterior region while Forestadent Biocosmetic™ wires and GAC High Aesthetic™ wires exhibited coating loss posteriorly (P < .001). These findings were reflected in the subjective assessment with a negative correlation found between coating loss and final Visual Analogue Scale scores (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Considerable esthetic variation between arch wires following 6 weeks of intraoral cycling was identified in this prospective cohort study. Intraoral cycling has a negative impact on participant perception of arch wire esthetics, and objective and subjective assessment of wire esthetics appears to be consistent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Collier
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - N Pandis
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Johal
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - U Qureshi
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - P K Sharma
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
| | - P S Fleming
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Gupta N, Gupta DK, Sharma PK. Condition factor and organosomatic indices of parasitized Rattus rattus as indicators of host health. J Parasit Dis 2017; 41:21-28. [PMID: 28316383 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-015-0744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the influence of parasitism (Trypanosoma lewisi and Cysticercus fasciolaris) on the condition factor, hepato and splenosomatic indices of the common house rat, Rattus rattus Linnaeus, 1758 from Rohilkhand, Uttar Pradesh, India. Examination of R. rattus (n = 389) revealed T. lewisi (prevalence 12.40 %; intensity14 parasites/1000 RBC) from the blood and C. fasciolaris (larval Taenia taeniaeformis) (prevalence 46.70 %; intensity 2-4 par/host) from the liver. Condition factor (K) and organosomatic indices [hepatosomatic index, spleenosomatic index (SSI)] were evaluated in two groups (Group I non pregnant, Group II pregnant) of female rats which were further subdivided into four subgroups each (a Uninfected, b T. lewisi infected, c C. fasciolaris infected, d T. lewisi and C. fasciolaris infected) belonging to three weight groups (A 50-100 g; B 100-150 g; C 150-200 g). The results indicated that reduction in K-factor was more apparent in young rats, Group Ic (weight category A) showing the maximum depletion (21.62 %), hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were frequent outcomes of parasitic infection and maximum change (50 %) was recorded in dual-infected pregnant rats (Group IId) expressed as SSI of the infected rat. The abnormal condition factor and organosomatic indices indicate perturbations in the biological systems at the organismal level. Thus, the information generated through this piece of work is a warning of an incipient or impending problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Gupta
- Centre of Excellence Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243 006 U.P. India
| | - D K Gupta
- Department of Zoology, Bareilly College, Bareilly, 243 005 U.P. India
| | - P K Sharma
- Centre of Excellence Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243 006 U.P. India
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Puri P, Kaur N, Pathania S, Kumar S, Sharma PK, Sashindran VK. Antitubercular therapy induced liver function tests abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus infected individuals. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 73:12-17. [PMID: 28123239 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both antitubercular therapy (ATT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) can cause drug induced liver injury (DILI) in tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. The aim of this research was to study ATT-induced liver function test (LFT) abnormalities in HIV-infected patients. METHODS HIV-infected patients diagnosed with TB were evaluated with baseline LFT and CD4 counts. ATT regimen was modified if baseline LFT was significantly abnormal. Patients on protease inhibitors were given rifabutin instead of rifampicin. In patients on nevirapine-based ART, efavirenz was substituted for nevirapine. In ART-naive patients, the timing of introduction of ART was according to CD4 cell counts. LFT were repeated fortnightly or as clinically indicated for 10 weeks. RESULTS We studied 100 patients with HIV ([M - 67, F - 23], mean age: 40.05 ± 10.75 years, mean CD4 cell count: 239.157 ± 228.49 cells/dL). Sixty-one patients were on ART prior to diagnosis of TB. Baseline LFT abnormalities (n = 40) were similar in ART and non-ART group (28/61 vs 12/39, p = 0.13). After starting ATT, derangement of LFT was observed in majority of patients (99/100). However, liver sparing ATT was required only in 15 patients. Bilirubin >2.5 mg/dL was seen only in 9 patients. Significant rise in transaminases was commoner in patients on concurrent ART and ATT (p = 0.044) and with baseline LFT abnormalities (p = 0.00016). There was no case of acute liver failure or mortality. CONCLUSION Mild LFT abnormalities are common in HIV-infected individuals on ATT. Concomitant use of ATT and ART and baseline LFT abnormalities increase the risk of significant DILI. However, with closer follow-up, serious liver injury can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Puri
- Professor & Head, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Navjyot Kaur
- Assistant Professor (Medicine), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Sunny Pathania
- Resident, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - V K Sashindran
- Professor & Head, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Thakur M, Asrani RK, Thakur S, Sharma PK, Patil RD, Lal B, Parkash O. Observations on traditional usage of ethnomedicinal plants in humans and animals of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh in North-Western Himalaya, India. J Ethnopharmacol 2016; 191:280-300. [PMID: 27321279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal plants are frequently used by Gaddi and Gujjar tribes of Kangra and Chamba districts of Himachal Pradesh, India to cure various ailments in humans and livestock. Therefore, extensive field work was conducted to document the traditional use of ethnomedicinal plants by these tribes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Direct interviews of 208 informants were conducted. The data generated through interviews was analysed using quantitative tools such as use-value (UV), factor informant consensus (Fic) and fidelity level (Fl). RESULTS A total of 73 plant species in 67 genera and 40 families were observed to be medicinal and used to cure 22 ailment categories. The highest number of ethnomedicinal plants was recorded from the family Asteraceae followed by Lamiaceae, Apiaceae, Acanthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Polygonaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae and Rutaceae. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part used to treat various ailments followed by whole plant and roots or rhizomes. Ajuga parviflora, Berberis lycium, Viola canescens, Vitex negundo and Zanthoxylum armatum were the most important medicinal plants used for treating human diseases, whereas Achyranthes bidentata, Aloe sp., Cassia fistula, Podophyllum hexandrum and Pogostemon benghalensis were the most important medicinal plants used for treating animal diseases as per use value. The important ailment categories classified on the basis of factor informant consensus were gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. CONCLUSION The present study revealed that people of the study area are extensively using the ethnomedicinal plants to cure various ailments. Plants with high use value and fidelity level should be subjected to pharmacological investigation for scientific validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R K Asrani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India.
| | - Shalini Thakur
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - P K Sharma
- Krishi Vigyan Kendra Hamirpur, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - R D Patil
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Dr. G.C. Negi College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, CSK HPKV, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Brij Lal
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Om Parkash
- Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur 176062, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Sharma PK, Singh DK. A Traditional NSAID Aspirin along with Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Reaction: Study of Six Cases. Indian J Lepr 2016; 87:249-253. [PMID: 29762954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Six male patients of lepromatous leprosy with erythema nodosum leprosum reaction (ENL) reactions diagnosed clinically and by slit skin smear were treated with aspirin and clofazimine. Aspirin was given in the daily dosage of 75mg/kg body weight up to a maximum of 2.8 grams in four divided doses, along with daily 300mg clofazimine in three divided doses and dapsone 100mg daily with rifampicin 600mg once a month. Aspirin was continued in the same dosage for a month before being tapered and stopped at the end of third month when clofazimine was also reduced to 50 mg daily. All the six cases had an excellent response in 15 days.
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Swartjes JJTM, Sharma PK, van Kooten TG, van der Mei HC, Mahmoudi M, Busscher HJ, Rochford ETJ. Current Developments in Antimicrobial Surface Coatings for Biomedical Applications. Curr Med Chem 2016; 22:2116-29. [PMID: 25245508 DOI: 10.2174/0929867321666140916121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Revised: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and subsequent biofilm formation on material surfaces represent a serious problem in society from both an economical and health perspective. Surface coating approaches to prevent bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation are of increased importance due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. Effective antimicrobial surface coatings can be based on an anti-adhesive principle that prevents bacteria to adhere, or on bactericidal strategies, killing organisms either before or after contact is made with the surface. Many strategies, however, implement a multifunctional approach that incorporates both of these mechanisms. For anti-adhesive strategies, the use of polymer chains, or hydrogels is preferred, although recently a new class of super-hydrophobic surfaces has been described which demonstrate improved anti-adhesive activity. In addition, bacterial killing can be achieved using antimicrobial peptides, antibiotics, chitosan or enzymes directly bound, tethered through spacer-molecules or encased in biodegradable matrices, nanoparticles and quaternary ammonium compounds. Notwithstanding the ubiquitous nature of the problem of microbial colonization of material surfaces, this review focuses on the recent developments in antimicrobial surface coatings with respect to biomaterial implants and devices. In this biomedical arena, to rank the different coating strategies in order of increasing efficacy is impossible, since this depends on the clinical application aimed for and whether expectations are short- or long term. Considering that the era of antibiotics to control infectious biofilms will eventually come to an end, the future for biofilm control on biomaterial implants and devices is likely with surface-associated modifications that are non-antibiotic related.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T G van Kooten
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Center Groningen (FB40), Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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