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Parzyck CT, Gupta NK, Wu Y, Anil V, Bhatt L, Bouliane M, Gong R, Gregory BZ, Luo A, Sutarto R, He F, Chuang YD, Zhou T, Herranz G, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Schlom DG, Hawthorn DG, Shen KM. Absence of 3a 0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO 2. Nat Mater 2024; 23:486-491. [PMID: 38278983 PMCID: PMC10990928 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of many unconventional superconductors is the presence of many-body interactions that give rise to broken-symmetry states intertwined with superconductivity. Recent resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments report commensurate 3a0 charge density wave order in infinite-layer nickelates, which has important implications regarding the universal interplay between charge order and superconductivity in both cuprates and nickelates. Here we present X-ray scattering and spectroscopy measurements on a series of NdNiO2+x samples, which reveal that the signatures of charge density wave order are absent in fully reduced, single-phase NdNiO2. The 3a0 superlattice peak instead originates from a partially reduced impurity phase where excess apical oxygens form ordered rows with three-unit-cell periodicity. The absence of any observable charge density wave order in NdNiO2 highlights a crucial difference between the phase diagrams of cuprate and nickelate superconductors.
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Grants
- DE-SC0019414 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- FA9550-21-1-0168 United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research)
- DMR-2104427 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- NNCI-2025233 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- GBMF3850 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)
- GBMF9073 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)
- Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source, a national research facility of the University of Saskatchewan, which is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the National Research Council (NRC), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Government of Saskatchewan, and the University of Saskatchewan.
- The microscopy work at Cornell was supported by the NSF PARADIM, with additional support from Cornell University, the Weill Institute, the Kavli Institute at Cornell, and the Packard Foundation.
- G.H. acknowledges support from Severo Ochoa FUNFUTURE (No. CEX2019-000917-S) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00445).
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Parzyck
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N K Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - V Anil
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Bhatt
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Bouliane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Z Gregory
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - G Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin, Germany
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Parzyck CT, Gupta NK, Wu Y, Anil V, Bhatt L, Bouliane M, Gong R, Gregory BZ, Luo A, Sutarto R, He F, Chuang YD, Zhou T, Herranz G, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Schlom DG, Hawthorn DG, Shen KM. Publisher Correction: Absence of 3a 0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO 2. Nat Mater 2024; 23:440. [PMID: 38347120 PMCID: PMC10917676 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Parzyck
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N K Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - V Anil
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Bhatt
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Bouliane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Z Gregory
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - G Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin, Germany
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Shamil PK, Gupta NK, Ish P, Sen MK, Kumar R, Chakrabarti S, Gupta N. Prediction of Weaning Outcome from Mechanical Ventilation using Diaphragmatic Rapid Shallow Breathing Index. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022; 26:1000-1005. [PMID: 36213711 PMCID: PMC9492741 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- PK Shamil
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - NK Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Ish
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - MK Sen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibdas Chakrabarti
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Nitesh Gupta
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
- Nitesh Gupta, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India, Phone: +91 98730963364, e-mail:
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Singhal RK, Fahad S, Kumar P, Choyal P, Javed T, Jinger D, Singh P, Saha D, MD P, Bose B, Akash H, Gupta NK, Sodani R, Dev D, Suthar DL, Liu K, Harrison MT, Saud S, Shah AN, Nawaz T. Beneficial elements: New Players in improving nutrient use efficiency and abiotic stress tolerance. Plant Growth Regul 2022. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-022-00843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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Garg N, Gandhi V, Gupta NK. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on ambient noise levels in seven metropolitan cities of India. Appl Acoust 2022; 188:108582. [PMID: 36530553 PMCID: PMC9746987 DOI: 10.1016/j.apacoust.2021.108582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The paper analyzed the impact of lockdown on the ambient noise levels in the seventy sites in the seven major cities of India and ascertained the noise scenario in lockdown period, and on the Janta Curfew day in comparison to the pre-lock down period and year 2019 annual average values. It was observed that the majority of the noise monitoring sites exhibited a decrement in ambient day and night equivalent noise levels on the national Janta Curfew day and Lockdown period as compared with the normal working days attributed to the restricted social, economical, industrial, urbanization activity and reduced human mobility. A mixed pattern was observed at a few sites, wherein the ambient day and night equivalent noise levels during Janta curfew day and Lockdown period had been reported to be higher than that on the normal working days. The study depicts the noise scenario during the lockdown and pre-lockdown period for seventy sites in India and shall be instrumental in analyzing the consequences and implications of imposing lockdowns in future on the environmental noise pollution in Indian cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Garg
- CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110 012, India
| | - V Gandhi
- Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi 110 032, India
| | - N K Gupta
- Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi 110 032, India
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Gupta N, Ish P, Gupta A, Malhotra N, Caminero JA, Singla R, Kumar R, Yadav SR, Dev N, Agrawal S, Kohli S, Sen MK, Chakrabarti S, Gupta NK. A profile of a retrospective cohort of 22 patients with COVID-19 and active/treated tuberculosis. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.03408-2020. [PMID: 33093125 PMCID: PMC7674774 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.03408-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We read with interest the two articles by Tadoliniet al. [1] and Stochinoet al. [2], which described recent cohorts of either current or former tuberculosis (TB) patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and studied their clinical course. India has the majority of global burden of TB, along with highest rising number of daily COVID-19 cases in the world [3, 4]. The information about COVID-19 and active/former TB co-infection reported so far is sparse, but it can be assumed that person with TB, when co-infected with COVID-19, may be at more risk of poor outcomes [1, 5]. The present study describes the first-ever cohort of current or treated TB patients co-infected with COVID-19 from a high TB burden country, recruited by a tertiary care hospital in India. Both tuberculosis and COVID-19 being communicable and prevalent diseases in India, the co-existence can lead to worse outcomes, as seen in this study, where there was high mortality among active as well as treated TB patients with COVID-19 co-infectionhttps://bit.ly/3jHcGbQ
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitesh Gupta
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranav Ish
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Amitesh Gupta
- National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Nipun Malhotra
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Jose Antonio Caminero
- Dept of Pneumology, Dr Negrín University Hospital of Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.,MDR-TB Unit, Tuberculosis Division, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France
| | - Rupak Singla
- Dept of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Kumar
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | | | | | - M K Sen
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - N K Gupta
- Pulmonary Medicine, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
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7
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Polkoff KM, Gupta NK, Piedrahita JA. 6 Invitro validation of gene edited phenotypes using CRISPR-dCas9 transcriptional activators. Reprod Fertil Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1071/rdv32n2ab6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the extensive advantages of gene-edited large animals for agriculture and biomedical purposes, they represent a large monetary and time investment due to high husbandry costs, long gestation lengths, and few offspring; that is, 9 months for one calf and almost 4 months for pigs. Even with known DNA sequences before somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), inserted transgenes are often not expressed as expected. Therefore, there is a need to phenotypically validate the gene modifications invitro before investing time and resources in the creation of a gene-edited large animal; however, many gene targets are tissue specific and not expressed in SCNT donor cells. In this work, we show that CRISPR-dCas9 transcriptional activators (TAs) can be used to validate functional transgene insertion in nonexpressing SCNT donor cells, in our case fetal fibroblasts. To demonstrate this concept, we first generated a DNA knockin of the H2B-GFP sequence into the porcine LGR5 locus. CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease was used to create a double-stranded break in the genomic DNA downstream of the LGR5 promoter. A homology-directed repair template plasmid containing H2B-GFP flanked by 1000bp homology arms flanking the cut site was co-transfected with the Cas9 and gRNA, and cells were seeded at low density for colony outgrowth. Colonies were genotyped by PCR and sequencing to verify successful targeted transgene integration. To test whether TAs allow for invitro validation of transgene expression, 5×105 wildtype or gene-edited fibroblasts were nucleofected (Lonza) with 500ng total of four gRNA plasmids (Addgene #43860) designed to target the 1-kb region upstream of the LGR5 transcriptional start site in combination with 500ng VP64-dCas9 (Addgene #47107). Detection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) was analysed by fluorescent microscopy followed by flow cytometry; at least 30 000 events were recorded for each treatment (Cytoflex). Our results show that GFP was detected in on average 28.6% of the gene-edited cells transfected with LGR5 TAs but not detected in gene-edited cells that were not transfected with LGR5 TAs (0%) or in wild-type cells transfected with the LGR5 TAs (0%). The experiment was repeated three times. Next, to prove that our invitro validation replicates the invivo phenotype, the gene-edited colonies heterozygous for the insertion were used for SCNT to generate piglets. Epidermal cells, which contain a population of LGR5+ stem cells, were isolated from the skin and sorted for GFP expression. The RT-qPCR results from GFP+ or GFP− cells showed the presence of LGR5 transcripts in the GFP+ cells but not GFP− cells. In conclusion, TAs were necessary and sufficient to detect LGR5-promoter driven H2B-GFP expression in gene-edited fibroblasts invitro, which faithfully recapitulates the invivo phenotype of the gene-edited animal. Further preliminary data from our laboratory suggest that our novel method can be used to detect successful gene knockouts in addition to transgene knockins and can be used to validate phenotypic outcomes of DNA modifications before the generation of gene-edited animals.
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Lindahl JF, Vrentas CE, Deka RP, Hazarika RA, Rahman H, Bambal RG, Bedi JS, Bhattacharya C, Chaduhuri P, Fairoze NM, Gandhi RS, Gill JPS, Gupta NK, Kumar M, Londhe S, Rahi M, Sharma PK, Shome R, Singh R, Srinivas K, Swain BB. Brucellosis in India: results of a collaborative workshop to define One Health priorities. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:387-396. [PMID: 31620958 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is an important zoonosis worldwide. In livestock, it frequently causes chronic disease with reproductive failures that contribute to production losses, and in humans, it causes an often-chronic febrile illness that is frequently underdiagnosed in many low- and middle-income countries, including India. India has one of the largest ruminant populations in the world, and brucellosis is endemic in the country in both humans and animals. In November 2017, the International Livestock Research Institute invited experts from government, national research institutes, universities, and different international organizations to a one-day meeting to set priorities towards a "One Health" control strategy for brucellosis in India. Using a risk prioritization exercise followed by discussions, the meeting agreed on the following priorities: collaboration (transboundary and transdisciplinary); collection of more epidemiological evidence in humans, cattle, and in small ruminants (which have been neglected in past research); Economic impact studies, including cost effectiveness of control programmes; livestock vaccination, including national facilities for securing vaccines for the cattle population; management of infected animals (with the ban on bovine slaughter, alternatives such as sanctuaries must be explored); laboratory capacities and diagnostics (quality must be assured and better rapid tests developed); and increased awareness, making farmers, health workers, and the general public more aware of risks of brucellosis and zoonoses in general. Overall, the meeting participants agreed that brucellosis control will be challenging in India, but with collaboration to address the priority areas listed here, it could be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna F Lindahl
- Department of Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute, Regional Office, 298 Kim Ma Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, 100000, Vietnam.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O Box 7054, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Zoonosis Science Centre, Uppsala University, P.O Box 582, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catherine E Vrentas
- National Animal Disease Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, 50010, USA. .,The Engaged Scientist, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Ram P Deka
- International Livestock Research Institute, Guwahati Office, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Razibuddin A Hazarika
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara Campus, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - H Rahman
- South Asia Regional Office, NASC Complex, International Livestock Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - R G Bambal
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of India, Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - J S Bedi
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - C Bhattacharya
- Department of Animal Husbandry, Government of National Capital Territory (NCT), Delhi, India
| | - Pallab Chaduhuri
- Division of Bacteriology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243122, India
| | - Nadeem Mohamed Fairoze
- Department of LPT, Veterinary College, Karnataka Veterinary Animal & Fisheries Sciences University Bangalore, Bangalore, 560024, India
| | - R S Gandhi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Bhavan, New Delhi, 110001, India
| | - J P S Gill
- Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, 141004, India
| | - N K Gupta
- National Centre for Disease Control, 22 Shamnath Marg, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - M Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Bihar Veterinary College, Patna, 800014, India
| | - S Londhe
- South Asia Regional Programme, World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), DPS Marg, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - M Rahi
- Division of Epidemiology and Communicable Diseases, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P K Sharma
- ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
| | - R Shome
- ICAR-National Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Yelahanka, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - R Singh
- Bihar Animal Sciences University, Patna, 800014, India
| | - K Srinivas
- Indian Immunologicals Ltd., Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - B B Swain
- South Asia Regional Office, NASC Complex, International Livestock Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Madeshwaran SR, Jayaganthan R, Velmurugan R, Gupta NK, Manzhirov AV. Mechanical and thermal properties of MoS2 reinforced epoxy nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/991/1/012054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mitkari KV, Arora MK, Mishra VD, Gusain HS, Gupta NK. Development of an operational algorithm for estimating snow-cover fraction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1144/sp462.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThis article describes an attempt to map snow cover accurately from other land covers using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) data of 500 m spatial resolution. The workflow includes reflectance modelling, computing snow-cover fraction (SCF) and establishing an empirical relationship between the SCF and normalized difference snow index (NDSI) to map snow cover at operational level. Regression relationships have been developed between the SCF derived from the linear mixture model (LMM) and snow obtained from the NDSI based on two criteria, namely: SCF greater than 0.0 and SCF greater than 0.1. The best regression equation has been selected by examining respective graph plots using statistical measures of mean absolute error, correlation coefficient, root mean square error (RMSE) and uncertainty analysis. The results have been validated against the actual SCF obtained from a high-resolution 15 m Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) visible and near infrared (VNIR) scene and covering a substantial range of snow cover of the same area. The selected regression model SCF = 0.25 + 0.35 × NDSI has been tested on other areas and validation efforts show that the pixel-level SCF relationship provides useful results as measured in independent tests against actual SCF obtained from ASTER scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. V. Mitkari
- PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - M. K. Arora
- PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh 160012, India
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - V. D. Mishra
- Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment- RDC (DRDO), Chandigarh 160037, India
| | - H. S. Gusain
- Snow & Avalanche Study Establishment- RDC (DRDO), Chandigarh 160037, India
| | - N. K. Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Gupta S, Tarannum F, Gupta NK, Upadhyay M, Abdullah A. Effect of head posture on tooth contacts in dentate and complete denture wearers using computerized occlusal analysis system. J Indian Prosthodont Soc 2017; 17:250-254. [PMID: 28936038 PMCID: PMC5601498 DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_321_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to assess and compare the occlusal contacts in dentate and edentulous patients wearing complete denture with varying head posture. Materials and Methods: Ad hoc sampling of 30 subjects (15 dentate and 15 edentulous) based on inclusion and exclusion criteria was done. Subjects were divided into two groups: dentate and edentulous. Each group was further divided into two subgroups based on two head postures-upright 90° and ventroflexed 30°. For recording of every posture, a new sensor was used, and the subject was asked to clench on the sensor in maximum intercuspation position at the two head postures. Results: Data were summarized as mean ± standard error and compared by Student's t-test using SPSS software (windows version 17.0 IBM corporation, New York, USA). A statistically significant correlation between head posture and contact area was found in dentate and denture wearers, i.e., tooth contact area varies with head posture. Conclusion: It was concluded that the occlusal contacts vary at different head posture in dentate as well as in denture wearers. With ventroflexion, the number of tooth contact decreased as compared to upright-erect position in both groups. Clinical implication - since the number of tooth contacts varies with varying head postures, it is recommended that the balancing of the contacts should be done at varying head postures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fauzia Tarannum
- Department of Prosthodontics, Career Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - N K Gupta
- Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Upadhyay
- Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarasi Das College of Dental Sciences, Babu Banarasi Das University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ahsan Abdullah
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
The technique of thrombelastography was used to assess whether the phenomenon of hypercoagulability (accelerated coagulation) occurred in adult patients (n = 20) undergoing consecutive open-heart surgical procedures. Standard haematological investigations (pre- and 2 hours postop) were also performed and comparisons made with thrombelastographic parameters. Thrombelastographic hypercoagulability was identified in 12/20 (60%) cases but this event was transient occurring immediately postprotamine administration, and normalizing at 2h postoperation. The standard postoperative haematological assessments routinely made 2h after operation failed to detect this phenomenon. Hypercoagulability following cardiac surgery in adult patients merits further evaluation in order that the clinical significance may be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Horkay
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds
| | - P. Martin
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds
| | - NK Gupta
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds
| | - Cmr Satur
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds
| | - DR Walker
- Cardiothoracic Unit, Killingbeck Hospital, Leeds
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Gupta NK, Khan A, Maheshwari A, Narayan S, Chhapola OP, Arora A, Singh G. Effect of post anthesis high temperature stress on growth, physiology and antioxidative defense mechanisms in contrasting wheat genotypes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40502-015-0142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mannis GN, Logan AC, Leavitt AD, Yanada M, Hwang J, Olin RL, Damon LE, Andreadis C, Ai WZ, Gaensler KM, Greene CC, Gupta NK, Kaplan LD, Mahindra A, Miyazaki Y, Naoe T, Ohtake S, Sayre PH, Smith CC, Venstrom JM, Wolf JL, Caballero L, Emi N, Martin TG. Delayed hematopoietic recovery after auto-SCT in patients receiving arsenic trioxide-based therapy for acute promyelocytic leukemia: a multi-center analysis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 50:40-4. [PMID: 25243620 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A potential link between arsenic (ATO)-based therapy and delayed hematopoietic recovery after autologous hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has previously been reported. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical histories of 58 patients undergoing autologous HSCT for APL at 21 institutions in the United States and Japan. Thirty-three (56%) of the patients received ATO-based therapy prior to stem cell collection. Delayed neutrophil engraftment occurred in 10 patients (17%): 9 of the 10 patients (90%) received prior ATO (representing 27% of all ATO-treated patients), compared with 1 of the 10 patients (10%) not previously treated with ATO (representing 4% of all ATO-naïve patients; P<0.001). Compared with ATO-naïve patients, ATO-treated patients experienced significantly longer times to ANC recovery (median 12 days vs 9 days, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the only significant independent predictor of delayed neutrophil engraftment was prior treatment with ATO (hazard ratio 4.87; P<0.001). Of the available stem cell aliquots from APL patients, the median viable post-thaw CD34+ cell recovery was significantly lower than that of cryopreserved autologous stem cell products from patients with non-APL AML. Our findings suggest that ATO exposure prior to CD34+ cell harvest has deleterious effects on hematopoietic recovery after autologous HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Mannis
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A C Logan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A D Leavitt
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - M Yanada
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - J Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - R L Olin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L E Damon
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C Andreadis
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - W Z Ai
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K M Gaensler
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C C Greene
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N K Gupta
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L D Kaplan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - A Mahindra
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Y Miyazaki
- Department of Hematology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Naoe
- Department of Hematology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - S Ohtake
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - P H Sayre
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - C C Smith
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J M Venstrom
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J L Wolf
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - L Caballero
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - N Emi
- Department of Hematology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - T G Martin
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Singh NK, Singha MK, Cadoni E, Gupta NK. Dynamic Characteristics of Aluminium Alloys at Wide Range of Strain Rates. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/47998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Lin J, Naceur H, Markiewicz E, Gupta NK. Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of Thin-Walled Structures using Efficient SPH Shell-Based Method. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/47994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Tan KS, Wong SV, Megat Ahmad MMH, Radin Umar RS, Gupta NK. Computational Simulation of Fully Deformable Motorcycle Wire-Spoke Wheel. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/47991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Deb A, Haorongbam B, Gupta NK. Thin-Walled Steel Hat Section Components as Protective Counter-Measures for Vehicle Impact Safety. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/47997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hans Raj K, Sharma RS, Sahai A, Gupta NK. Different Die Designs for Processing of Al Alloy Using Equal Channel Angular Pressing: A FEM Study. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/48011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kumar YP, Gupta NK. Response of Metallic Plates Subjected to Underwater Explosion. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy 2013. [DOI: 10.16943/ptinsa/2013/v79i4/48012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Uppal S, Gupta NK, Tandan A, Dwivedi R, Gupta S, Kumar S. Comparative evaluation of vertical dimension at rest before extraction, after extraction and after rehabilitation with complete denture - A Cephalometric study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2013; 3:73-7. [PMID: 25737888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Accepted: 04/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The determination of physiologic rest position of the mandible to the maxillae is of paramount importance in almost all fields of dentistry. The stability of vertical dimension at rest has been controversial if the rest position of mandible remains constant throughout life or not. Despite of several studies on the rest position of the mandible and facial vertical dimension, certain fundamental disagreements remain unresolved. The present study aims to compare the vertical dimension at rest, before and after extraction and after rehabilitation with complete denture. MATERIAL & METHODS This study was conducted in a total of ten randomly selected patients, who had some natural teeth present with one or more opposing posterior teeth with vertical occlusal stops but were advised for extraction because of poor prognosis. Digital lateral cephalograms were done and measurements recorded at three stages: prior to extraction of remaining natural teeth, post extraction and after complete denture rehabilitation. RESULTS Vertical dimension at rest was found to be greatest in post rehabilitation followed by pre-extraction than post extraction state. The differences in changes were found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION Vertical dimension at rest shows a decrease following extraction of natural teeth, the occlusal stops, and an increase on rehabilitation. It can be stated that vertical dimension at rest is not stable position and varies following extraction of natural teeth and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Uppal
- Junior Resident, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - N K Gupta
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Amrit Tandan
- Head & Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Ravi Dwivedi
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Swati Gupta
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Sulabh Kumar
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Prosthodontics, Babu Banarsi Das College of Dental Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Gupta S, Agarwal VP, Gupta NK. Efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in relation to drought tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2012; 18:331-6. [PMID: 24082495 PMCID: PMC3550557 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-012-0123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to find out the efficacy of putrescine and benzyladenine on photosynthesis and productivity in wheat. Seeds of wheat genotype HD 2329 (widely adapted under irrigated condition) were grown in ceramic pots under standard package and practices. Putrescine (0.1 mM) and benzyladenine (0.05 mM) were sprayed on the aerial portion of these plants at the time of anthesis. After spray, half of the plants were subjected to water stress by withholding irrigation. The non stressed plants were irrigated to keep the soil humidity at field capacity. Results showed that drought stress severly reduced the photosynthetic attributes, water status and chlorophyll content which were significantly improved by foliar application of putrescine/benzyladenine. The levels of free proline, amino acids and soluble sugars were higher under water stress conditions which were enhanced further by putrescine/benzyladenine. Memrane injury was also reduced by both the chemicals. Yield and yield attributes reduced under water stress conditions, but putrescine and benzyladenine treated plants exhibited significantly higher values over control. Most of these parameters were found significantly correlated with grain yield. It is suggested that both benyzladenine and putrescine were able to impart drought tolerance in wheat but the response of putrescine was more promising owing to better management of various physio-biochemical processes, particularly under water stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Gupta
- />College of Agriculture, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, 334 006 India
| | - Vishnu Prakash Agarwal
- />Plant Biotechnology Centre, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, 334 006 India
| | - N. K. Gupta
- />Plant Biotechnology Centre, S.K. Rajasthan Agricultural University, Bikaner, 334 006 India
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Powles E, Marsden R, Gupta NK, Green T. P138 I don't know, let's try some canestan: an audit of non-specific balanitis treatment and outcomes. Br J Vener Dis 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2012-050601c.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Gupta NK, Agrawal RK, Srivastav AB, Ved ML. Echocardiographic evaluation of heart in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient and its co-relation with the severity of disease. Lung India 2011; 28:105-9. [PMID: 21712919 PMCID: PMC3109831 DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.80321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has considerable effects on cardiac functions, including those of the right ventricle, left ventricle, and pulmonary blood vessels. Most of the increased mortality associated with COPD is due to cardiac involvement. Echocardiography provides a rapid, noninvasive, portable, and accurate method to evaluate the cardiac changes. Aims: To assess the cardiac changes secondary to COPD by echocardiography and to find out the correlation between echocardiographic findings and severity of COPD, if there is any. Materials and Methods: A total 40 of patients of COPD were selected and staged by pulmonary function test (PFT) and evaluated byechocardiography. Results: On echocardiographic evaluation of COPD, 50% cases had normal echocardiographic parameters. Measurable tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was observed in 27/40 cases (67.5%). Pulmonary hypertension (PH), which is defined as systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (sPAP)> 30 mmHg was observed in 17/27 (63%) cases in which prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe PH were 10/17 (58.82%), 4/17 (23.53%), and 3/17 (17.65%), respectively. The frequencies of PH in mild, moderate, severe, and very severe COPD were 16.67%, 54.55%, 60.00%, and 83.33%, respectively. Right atrial pressure was 10 mmHg in 82.5% cases and 15 mmHg in 17.5% cases. Cor pulmonale was observed in 7/17 (41.17%) cases; 7.50% cases had left ventricle (LV) systolic dysfunction and 47.5% cases had evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction defined as A ≥ E (peak mitral flow velocity of the early rapid filling wave (E), peak velocity of the late filling wave caused by atrial contraction (A) on mitral valve tracing) Left ventricle hypertrophy was found in 22.5% cases. Conclusion: Prevalence of PH has a linear relationship with severity of COPD and severe PH is almost associated with cor pulmonale. Echocardiography helps in early detection of cardiac complications in COPD cases giving time for early interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gupta
- Department of Tuberculosis and Chest Diseases, R N T Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Lanker U, Malik AR, Gupta NK, Butola JS. Natural regeneration status of the endangered medicinal plant,Taxus baccataHook. F. syn.T. wallichiana, in northwest Himalaya. International Journal of Biodiversity Science, Ecosystem Services & Management 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/21513732.2010.527302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions surround the use of hepatotoxic drugs in chronic liver disease. While many prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) agents can be used safely, this often runs counter to labelled warnings/contraindications, especially for the statins and other commonly used agents. AIM To evaluate published data on the use of hepatotoxic drugs in chronic liver disease including pharmacokinetic changes in cirrhosis and drug interactions, where available, to formulate recommendations on their use. METHODS Using a combination of PubMed searches, review texts, the Physicians' Desk Reference and expert opinion, drugs considered at higher risk of hepatotoxicity in chronic liver disease were evaluated. RESULTS Most drugs and OTC products including herbals have not been formally studied in chronic liver disease, but available data suggest that several of the most commonly used agents, especially the statins, can be used safely. While there is an increased risk of drug-induced liver injury for drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis and HIV patients with hepatitis B or C, recommendations for their safe use are emerging. CONCLUSIONS Although many clinicians remain hesitant to use hepatotoxic drugs in chronic liver disease, the database supporting this view is limited to just a few agents. Most medications can be used safely in patients with chronic liver disease with appropriate monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gupta
- Division of Gastroenterology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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Achyut BR, Moorchung N, Srivastava AN, Gupta NK, Mittal B. Risk of lymphoid follicle development in patients with chronic antral gastritis: role of endoscopic features, histopathological parameters, CagA status and interleukin-1 gene polymorphisms. Inflamm Res 2008; 57:51-6. [PMID: 18288454 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-007-7033-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helicobacter pylori infection causes gastritis, lymphoid follicle formation and development of MALT lymphoma. We evaluated endoscopic, histological, serological and genetic risk factors associated with lymphoid follicle development in gastritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS After upper GI endoscopy, 3 antral biopsies were taken from 120 patients for histological examination. H. pylori was diagnosed using rapid urease test (RUT), modified Giemsa stain and IgG anti-CagA ELISA. Genotyping of IL-1B (-511C/T) and IL-1RN (86 bp VNTR) genes were performed by PCR-RFLP/PCR. RESULTS In 120 patients, 45 (37.5%) showed presence of lymphoid follicles in antral gastric mucosa. H. pylori was positive by modified Giemsa stain (26%) RUT (50%) and anti-CagA IgG in 67.5%, The presence of nodularity (p = 0.030), neutrophilic infiltration (p = 0.010), lymphocytic infiltration (p = 0.002), glandular atrophy (p = 0.0001), glandular shortening (p = 0.001), fibrosis (p = 0.0001), plasma cells (p = 0.007), eosinophils (p = 0.012), anti-CagA antibodies (p = 0.003) and H. pylori density (p = 0.020) were associated with risk (odds ratio = 11.5, 3.8, 11.0, 8.4, 3.8, 4.6, 5.8, 16.0, 10.8 and 2.8 respectively) of lymphoid follicle. However, IL-1 gene polymorphisms did not influence lymphoid follicle development CONCLUSION The presence of modularity, lymphocytic infiltration, glandular atrophy, glandular shortening, fibrosis, plasma cells, eosinophils and anti-CagA IgG antibodies are risk factors for lymphoid follicle development in patients with gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Achyut
- Department of Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Gupta NK, Thorpe S, Vanderhoff P, Gomez S, Stiltner M, Alvares D, Lee D, Chandler T, Connelly S, Clark A, Bohnen R. Pegfilgrastim can be effectively administered the same day as chemotherapy to prevent neutropenia-related complications. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
19571 Background: Pegfilgrastim has been proven to reduce neutropenia-related complications of chemotherapy. However, the administration of pegfilgrastim 24 hours after chemotherapy treatment often poses an inconvenience for the patients and care givers. Methods: A retrospective chart review of the patients who received pegfilgrastim the same day as chemotherapy was done at a rural oncology practice, where some patients travel more than 100 miles each way for treatment. Incidence of febrile neutropenia (FN), defined as ANC = 500 and temperature =101° F; hospitalization for FN; dose-delay; dose-reduction (= 15% reduction in the planned dose); ANC recovery (ANC=1,500 on the day of next treatment), Grade III/IV neutropenia one week after chemotherapy and empiric use of prophylactic antibiotics was recorded. Results: Between 11/05 and 11/06, 243 doses of pegfilgrastim were given the same day as chemotherapy to 48 patients. M/F=14/34; Age(median): 61.2 yrs (range: 27–88 yrs).The diagnoses were NSCLC=13 (Stage II, III, IV: 2, 2 and 9, respectively); Breast Ca=11 (stage II, III, IV: 4, 6 and 1, respectively); Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)= 6 (stage III, IV: 4, 2); Follicular lymphoma=3 (stage IV: 3); SCLC=3 (stage IV: 3); Ovarian Ca=2 (stage III, IV: 1, 1); and others=10. Twenty five different chemotherapy regimens were administered (Q3 wk. regimens: 19, Q2 wk. regimens: 4 and others=2). No patient had FN or hospitalization for FN. ANC recovery was sub- optimal twice (ANC of 880 and 1,010 on the day of next treatment). Dose was delayed only once due to neutropenia (ANC=880), patient with ANC of 1,010 received treatment as scheduled. Three patients needed dose-reduction of more than 15% (all had DLBCL). Grade III/IV neutropenia after one week of treatment (CBC was available after 235 treatments) was observed in 52 (0.2%) patients, 23 patients had had AC and 25 patients had had CHOP. Empiric prophylactic antibiotics were not given to any patient. Conclusions: Pegfilgrastim can be effectively given the same day as chemotherapy to ameliorate neutropenia-related complications. Same-day administration of pegfilgrastim could improve the quality of life of patients and may reduce the health care costs. Large prospective trials should be done to address this issue. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Gupta
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - S. Thorpe
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | | | - S. Gomez
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - M. Stiltner
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - D. Alvares
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - D. Lee
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - T. Chandler
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - S. Connelly
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - A. Clark
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
| | - R. Bohnen
- Merle West Medical Center, Klamath Falls, OR
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Moorchung N, Srivastava AN, Gupta NK, Ghoshal UC, Achyut BR, Mittal B. Cytokine gene polymorphisms and the pathology of chronic gastritis. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:447-54. [PMID: 17453104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with divergent clinical outcomes and these outcomes are largely influenced by the levels of cytokines in the gastric mucosa. The levels of these cytokines are dependant on cytokine gene polymorphisms. Pro-inflammatory cytokine polymorphisms are strongly associated with severe histological changes in the gastric mucosa in Caucasian populations. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the role of cytokine gene polymorphisms in influencing the pathological severity of gastritis. 120 patients were evaluated. Cytokine gene polymorphisms of interleukin-1 (IL-1) beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha and the IL-1 receptor antagonist genes were done using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism and PCR variable number of tandem repeats markers typed on the deoxyribonucleic acid obtained from the peripheral blood. Histological analysis was done by using the revised Sydney system. RESULTS There was no association between pro-inflammatory cytokine gene polymorphisms and severity of gastritis. CONCLUSION This data suggests that high cytokine levels are not seen in the gastric mucosa in Indians in spite of H. pylori colonisation. IL-1 beta is a potent proinflammatory cytokine which causes a partial clearance of the organism as well as hypochlorhydria. Corporal hypochlorhydria causes a persistent colonisation by H. pylori followed by the development of gastric atrophy and later carcinoma. This lack of association with a pro-inflammatory polymorphism suggests that only low levels of IL-1 beta are present in the gastric mucosa. This causes a low clearance of the organism and a high incidence of duodenal ulceration because of hyperchlorhydria. However, it is protective against the development of gastric carcinoma. This would explain the "Indian Paradox" of the apparent discrepancy of a high degree of colonisation by H. pylori and a low incidence of gastric carcinoma in the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moorchung
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moorchung N, Srivastava AN, Gupta NK, Malaviya AK, Achyut BR, Mittal B. The role of mast cells and eosinophils in chronic gastritis. Clin Exp Med 2007; 6:107-14. [PMID: 17061058 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-006-0104-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The role of mast cells and eosinophils in influencing the pathology of chronic gastritis remains unclear. We attempted to study the relationship between endoscopy and the mast cell and eosinophil infiltrate. We also studied the role of gene polymorphisms, Helicobacter pylori density and the CagA antibody status in influencing the mast cell and eosinophil infiltrate. One hundred and twenty consecutive patients were studied. Endoscopic evaluation was done and 3 antral biopsies were taken from each patient and were assessed for eosinophilic and mast cell infiltration, H. pylori density and the density of the other inflammatory cells as per the revised Sydney system. Cytokine gene polymorphisms (IL-1beta, IL-1RA and TNF-alpha) were done on the DNA extracted from the peripheral blood by PCR-RFLP. ELISA was done on the patients' serum for the anti-CagA antibody titres. Nodularity is strongly associated with the presence and density of eosinophils on biopsy (P < 0.05). Eosinophil density is strongly associated with the density of H. pylori, neutrophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, atrophy, ulceration, foveolitis and lymphoid follicles. The mast cell density is not associated with any of the other histopathological variables. Gene polymorphisms and the CagA antibody titres have no relationship to the mast cell and eosinophil density. Eighty-one patients showed positive anti-CagA antibody titres but there was no association with the eosinophilic or the mast cell infiltrate. It is likely that eosinophilic infiltration is influenced by the H. pylori density but the CagA protein has no role to play in influencing the grade of the eosinophilic infiltrate in the Indian context. Cytokine gene proinflammatory polymorphisms have no role to play in influencing the eosinophilic or the mast cell response. It is likely that other mediators are involved in the inflammatory cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Moorchung
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rae Bareilly Road, Lucknow, 226014, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Moorchung N, Srivastava AN, Gupta NK, Achyut BR, Mittal B. The histopathology of chronic gastritis. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2007; 50:18-24. [PMID: 17474248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastritis is a multifactorial disorder thought to be influenced by bacterial and host genetic factors. Histopathological examination is the mainstay of diagnosis, however features like the presence of Helicobacter pylori are difficult to evaluate on biopsy. We evaluated 120 gastric antral biopsies using the revised Sydney system. The density of the inflammatory infiltrate, H pylori and mast cells were evaluated. It was seen that the presence of H pylori is strongly associated with an acute and a chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The presence of neutrophils on biopsy is strongly associated with the presence of H pylori and with the density and the grade of the chronic inflammatory infiltrate. The chronic inflammatory response is an intermediary between the acute inflammatory process and glandular atrophy. The lymphocytic infiltrate is also a precursor lesion of the lymphoid follicles. The presence of mast cells does not appear to be related to any of the other inflammatory parameters. The presence of one feature is a strong indicator for the presence of other inflammatory features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Moorchung
- Department of Medical Genetics, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Jammu is scrub typhus prone. Scrub typhus is often seen when troops move out of permanent locations. METHODS In a prospective study cases of fever reporting to the local military hospital from July to October 2002 were examined clinically, investigated and categorised as scrub typhus when Weil Felix readings were above 1:160. RESULTS Twelve cases of scrub typhus were diagnosed during the period of study. The clinical features included fever, malaise and conjunctival congestion. However rashes were rare and only one had an eschar. Multisystem complications occurred in one patient. There was a spatial and temporal clustering of cases. Control of outbreak was carried out by 25% benzyl benzoate impregnation of clothing, clearing of scrub, residual spray with malathion and antirodent measures. CONCLUSION Scrub typhus outbreaks have been noted whenever troops move out of permanent locations to scrub areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Vaz
- ADMS, HQ 20 Mountain Division, C/o 99 APO, Namkum 908 420
| | - N K Gupta
- Senior Registrar, Military Hospital, Namkum 908 420
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Gupta NK, Swindell R. Concomitant methotrexate and radiotherapy in advanced head and neck cancer: 15-year follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2002; 13:339-44. [PMID: 11716226 DOI: 10.1053/clon.2001.9286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Long-term follow-up for patients who receive chemoradiation for head and neck cancer is lacking from most studies reported in the literature. This report gives a 15-year review of the use of concomitant methotrexate and radiation in advanced head and neck cancer. Although there has not been any significant benefit in overall survival, the primary control rate is higher in patients who received methotrexate in addition to radiotherapy. However, in those with oropharyngeal cancer, both primary control and survival were significantly improved when chemotherapy was used. The other most significant benefit from chemoradiation is the much lower rate of salvage operations for primary recurrence. The addition of methotrexate failed to show any effect on the development of metastatic neck nodes. The rate of block dissection of the neck was similar in both arms of the study and is comparable with the historical data collected at this institute. There has not been any significant increase in serious late morbidity. The timing of the methotrexate with radiotherapy has a significant influence on primary control and survival in head and neck cancer.
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Gupta NK, Swindell R. Concomitant Methotrexate and Radiotherapy in Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: 15-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/s001740170032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Ectopia lentis may be a feature of numerous systemic and ocular disorders. Kivela and Tarkkanen described an 8-year-old girl with medulloepithelioma who presented with ectopia lentis and a mass behind the temporal iris. Shields reported 2 children with medulloepithelioma who had ectopia lentis associated with neovascular glaucoma. To date, there has been no report of a child with ectopia lentis as the only presentation of an intraocular tumor. We present 2 children with malignant medulloepitheliomas who presented in this fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gupta
- Lions Eye Institute, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York 12208, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Shome
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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Sykes AJ, Slevin NJ, Gupta NK, Brewster AE. 331 cases of clinically node-negative supraglottic carcinoma of the larynx: a study of a modest size fixed field radiotherapy approach. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 46:1109-15. [PMID: 10725620 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(99)00371-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE For node-negative supraglottic carcinoma of the larynx, radiotherapy with surgery in reserve commonly provides very good results in terms of both local control and survival, while preserving function. However uncertainty exists over the treatment of the node-negative neck. Elective whole neck radiotherapy, while effective, may be associated with significant morbidity. The purpose of this study was to examine our practice of treating a modest size, fixed field to a high biologically effective dose and compare it with the patterns of recurrence from other centers that use different dose/volume approaches. METHODS AND MATERIALS Over a 10-year period 331 patients with node-negative supraglottic carcinoma of the larynx were treated with radiotherapy at the Christie Hospital Manchester. Patients were treated with doses of 50-55 Gy in 16 fractions over 3 weeks. Data were collected retrospectively for local and regional control, survival, and morbidity. RESULTS Overall local control, after surgical salvage in 17 cases, was 79% (T1-92%, T2-81%, T3-67%, T4-73%). Overall regional lymph node control, after surgical salvage in 13 cases, was 84% (T1-91%, T2-88%, T3-81%, T4-72%). Five-year crude survival was 50%, but after correcting for intercurrent deaths was 70% (T1-83%, T2-78%, T3-53%, T4-61%). Serious morbidity requiring surgery was seen in 7 cases (2.1%) and was related to prescribed dose (50 Gy-0%, 52.5 Gy-1. 3%, 55 Gy-3.4%). DISCUSSION Our results confirm that treating a modest size, fixed field to a high biologically effective dose is highly effective. It enables preservation of the larynx in most cases, with acceptable regional control and no loss of survival compared to whole neck radiotherapy regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sykes
- Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
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Baveja R, Buckshee K, Das K, Das SK, Hazra MN, Gopalan S, Goswami A, Kodkany BS, Sujaya Kumari CN, Zaveri K, Roy M, Datey S, Gaur LN, Gupta NK, Gupta RN, Saxena NC, Singh R, Kumar S, Yadav SC, Saxena BN. Evaluating contraceptive choice through the method-mix approach. An Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) task force study. Contraception 2000; 61:113-9. [PMID: 10802276 DOI: 10.1016/s0010-7824(00)00089-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The method-mix approach was used to evaluate informed contraceptive choices in the present study. A total of 8,077 potential clients were given a balanced presentation of all available contraceptive methods in the national program, ie, the CuT 200 intrauterine device (IUD), low-dose combined oral pills (OC), condom, and sterilization (female/male) along with a new method, Norplant(R).(1) The majority of women opted for spacing methods; among them, the IUD was preferred by about 60% of clients, followed by condoms (9%), OC (6%), and Norplant (5%). Sterilization, mainly female, was accepted by about 17% of the women making an informed choice. The economic status of couples did not influence the contraceptive choices, as all the methods were offered free of cost in the present study, which is the current practice in the national program. Illiterate women more often accepted sterilization (about 25%) than did literate women (15%). This is because illiterate women had more children; about 30% of illiterate women had three or more children, as opposed to 16.2% of literate women. However, literacy status did not influence the choice of any specific spacing method. The study also revealed that, by encouraging potential clients to make an informed choice, they could override the provider's bias while accepting a particular type of spacing method. This is evident from the observation that Norplant was the first choice of the provider for 35% of the women, whereas only 5% of women preferred and accepted Norplant. The present study stresses an urgent need to promote the practice of informed choices in the national program with a variety of contraceptive options-especially, spacing methods for improving contraceptive prevalence and reproductive health in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Baveja
- MLN Medical College, Allahabad, India
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Gupta NK, Boylan CE, Razzaq R, England RE, Mirra L, Martin DF. Self-expanding oesophageal metal stents for the palliation of dysphagia due to extrinsic compression. Eur Radiol 1999; 9:1893-7. [PMID: 10602971 DOI: 10.1007/s003300050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of self-expanding metallic stents is well established in the palliation of oesophageal stenosis and dysphagia due to primary oesophageal malignancy. However, their role in palliation of dysphagia due to external compressive mediastinal malignancies is not well established. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of self-expanding metallic stents in the palliation of dysphagia due to extrinsic oesophageal compression by mediastinal malignancy. Between January 1995 and January 1998, 21 patients with oesophageal compression due to malignant mediastinal tumours underwent oesophageal stent placement for palliation of dysphagia. Complete data were available in 17 patients (10 men and 7 women). The mean age was 63.5 years (range 46-89 years). A total of 19 stents were placed successfully. The dysphagia grade prior to and after oesophageal stent placement was assessed and the complications documented. Of the 17 patients, 16 reported an improvement in dysphagia. The mean dysphagia score improved from 3.1 prior to treatment to 1.3 after treatment. In 1 patient the stent slipped during placement and another stent was placed satisfactorily. Early complications (within 48 h) in the form of mild to moderate retrosternal chest pain occurred in 5 patients. This was treated symptomatically. Late complications (after 48 h) in the form of bolus impaction occurred in 2 patients. This was successfully treated with oesophagoscopy and removal of bolus. In 2 patients the stent was overgrown by tumour and in one of these an additional stent was placed. In 1 patient incomplete closure of a tracheo-oesophageal fistula was observed. There was no procedure- or stent-related mortality. The mean survival time of this group was 2. 1 months. Self-expanding metallic stents can be safely and effectively used in the palliation of dysphagia due to external mediastinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K Gupta
- Department of Radiology, South Manchester University Hospitals NHS Trust, Withington Hospital, West Didsbury, Manchester M20 2LR, UK
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Martin WJ, Gupta NK, Loo CM, Rohde DS, Basbaum AI. Differential effects of neurotoxic destruction of descending noradrenergic pathways on acute and persistent nociceptive processing. Pain 1999; 80:57-65. [PMID: 10204718 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3959(98)00194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although many pharmacological studies indicate that bulbospinal noradrenergic projections contribute to antinociception, lesions of the major brainstem noradrenergic cell groups have provided conflicting evidence. Here we used a new immunotoxin, anti-dopamine beta-hydroxylase-saporin, to re-examine the contribution of noradrenergic pathways to nociception and to morphine analgesia. We treated rats intrathecally by lumbar puncture with the immunotoxin and examined dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DbetaH) immunoreactivity seven and 14 days after treatment. There was no change in DbetaH staining at 7 days; however, 14 days after treatment we demonstrated significant destruction of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus and in the A5 and A7 cell groups. There was a concomitant loss of noradrenergic axons in the dorsal and ventral horns of the lumbosacral and cervical cord. Consistent with the lack of anatomical changes, we found no difference in nociceptive responses in the hot-plate, tail-flick or formalin tests one week post-toxin. On day 14 we examined the behavioral response to injection of formalin into the hindpaw and found that responses during the second phase of pain behavior were significantly reduced. There was no change during the first phase. Formalin-evoked fos expression in the spinal cord was also reduced. We also evaluated morphine analgesia in the formalin test and found that toxin-treated animals exhibited enhanced morphine analgesia. These results establish the utility of using this immunotoxin to selectively destroy subpopulations of noradrenergic cell groups and provide evidence that acute and persistent nociception are differentially regulated by descending noradrenergic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Martin
- Department of Anatomy, W.M. Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, 94143-0452, USA.
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Abstract
Carcinoma of the submandibular gland is a rare diagnosis, accounting for less than 2% of cases of salivary gland tumours. We have examined the treatment and outcome of a total of 30 patients treated with radiotherapy at the Christie Hospital, Manchester between 1980 and 1993. In most cases this followed radical surgery, though 12 patients were referred following either incomplete excision or biopsy only. Adenoid-cystic histology accounted for 19 cases (63%). Standard radiotherapy was delivered using a beam directed technique to treat the whole submandibular compartment. Doses prescribed were most commonly from 50 to 55 Gy in 16 fractions over three weeks. Cancer specific survival was 79% and 57% at 5 and 10 yr respectively, the continued fall at 10 yr reflected late recurrence seen in patients with adenoid-cystic histology. Local control was 85% and 73%, respectively. Nine of twelve patients with incomplete excision or biopsy only had local control with radiotherapy. Six patients developed lung metastases, all of whom had adenoid-cystic histology. Radiotherapy was well-tolerated acutely, and only one patient experienced osteoradionecrosis requiring surgical intervention. The incidence of adenoid-cystic carcinoma is higher in the submandibular than the parotid gland. This typically results in late recurrence, and a high incidence of lung metastases and this was confirmed in our study. However, overall survival was very similar to that of parotid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Sykes
- Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Holt Radium Institute, Manchester, UK
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Cooper RA, Cowan RA, Owens SE, Jeans SP, Roberts JK, Hillel PG, Slevin NJ, Allan E, Gupta NK, Collins CD. Does salivary gland scintigraphy predict response to pilocarpine in patients with post-radiotherapy xerostomia? Eur J Nucl Med 1999; 26:220-5. [PMID: 10079311 DOI: 10.1007/s002590050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine whether standard salivary gland scintigraphy may be used for the objective assessment of salivary gland sialogogues, in particular oral pilocarpine, in the treatment of post-radiotherapy xerostomia. Nine patients, with xerostomia following radiotherapy to the head and neck region underwent salivary gland scintigraphy with technetium-99m pertechnetate (40 MBq) both before and following 1 month of oral pilocarpine (5 mg tds). For each scan, the percentage uptake in the first 14 min, the peak uptake, time to peak uptake and the percentage of activity excreted following lemon juice stimulation were calculated. The results were correlated with the subjective response as assessed by questionnaire and visual analogue scale. We found no correlation between subjective response and any of the four scan parameters analysed. We could not identify any parameter that predicted those patients who would respond to pilocarpine. In addition, only one parameter, the percentage of activity excreted following stimulation, correlated with previous dose of radiotherapy to the gland. In conclusion, in this study salivary gland scintigraphy did not appear to correlate with or predict response to oral pilocarpine. However, future studies might consider performing salivary gland scintigraphy prior to radiotherapy as well as at differing time points following the commencement of pilocarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cooper
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
p67, a cellular glycoprotein, protects eIF2 alpha from phosphorylation by inhibitory kinases such as PKR and HCR. p67 promoter contains heat shock element (HSE). To investigate whether this HSE of p67 has any role during heat-shock, rat tumor hepatoma cells were transiently transfected with CAT reporters linked to p67 promoter with HSE and without HSE. Heat shock induced CAT activity when p67 promoter contained HSE and this induction was not observed when HSE was deleted from the p67 promoter. In response to heat-shock, the endogenous p67 mRNA was also induced to more than 36-fold, and much of it translated into protein which was modified by GlcNAc moieties. The time of induced glycosyl modification at the later stages of the heat-shock correlates with the reduced level of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. During later stages of the heat shock of animal cells, there is a preferential translation of a small class of messages encoding heat shock proteins. Our results suggest that the expression and activity of p67 are induced at the later stages of the heat-shock, and may be involved in the preferential translation of the heat-shock messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Chatterjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Lincoln 68588-0304, USA
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Saha D, Wu S, Bose A, Chatterjee N, Chakraborty A, Chatterjee M, Gupta NK. Viral infection. II. Hemin induces overexpression of p67 as it partially prevents appearance of an active p67-deglycosylase in baculovirus-infected insect cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 342:373-82. [PMID: 9186500 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The roles of p67-deglycosylase (p67-DG) in the regulation of protein synthesis in baculovirus-infected insect cells were studied. Like vaccinia viral infection, baculovirus infection of insect cells also induced the appearance of a p67-DG. However, p67-DG activity could not be detected because these cells do not contain a detectable level of p67. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS), however, promotes significant expression of cloned p67-cDNA. The expression of p67 was significantly enhanced by the addition of hemin to the growth medium. Maximum enhancement was observed at 5 microM hemin. Data suggest that hemin prevents the activation of latent p67-DG inside the cell and does not have any effect on p67 gene transcription. To gain a better understanding of the mechanism of p67-DG activation and hemin stimulation of p67 synthesis, we have now purified p67-DG from baculovirus-infected insect cells. We prepared antibodies against this protein. These antibodies reacted with a 105-kDa protein in cell extracts from the uninfected insect cells (Sf9), KRC-7, and L929 (animal cells). In addition, these antibodies reacted with an additional 60-kDa protein in the cell extracts of baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and vaccinia virus-infected KRC-7 and L929 cells. Data are also presented to show that the antibodies against p67-DG reacted more efficiently (40%) with the 60-kDa protein in both hemin-deficient reticulocyte lysate and hemin-deficient baculovirus-infected cells. We suggest that hemin prevents the conversion of an inactive p67-DG into an active form possibly by covalent modification such as protein phosphorylation or protein glycosylation. The active form is more efficiently recognized by the p67-DG antibodies since these antibodies were prepared against the active form of p67-DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Saha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68588, USA
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Abstract
Regulation of vaccinia viral infection was studied using three animal cell lines: KRC-7 (rat hepatoma), L929 (mouse fibroblast), and CV-1 (African green monkey kidney). KRC-7 is highly enriched in p67, a glycoprotein which protects eIF-2 alpha-subunit from phosphorylation by eIF-2 kinases. We report: (i) At 5 pfu per cell of the virus, KRC-7 is resistant to the virus. Other cells are sensitive. At 25 pfu per cell of the virus, KRC-7 is also sensitive to the virus. After productive viral infection, the cell extracts showed strong p67-DG activity and actively deglycosylated exogenous p67. After p67-deglycosylation, the cell extracts also phosphorylated eIF-2. (ii) The rate of synthesis of a major host protein (approximately 45 kDa) in infected L929 cells measured after 2 h of viral infection declined more than 50%. The rate declined thereafter. The rate of synthesis of host proteins in viral-resistant KRC-7 cells (infected with 5 pfu per cell of the virus) remained unchanged. The mechanism of resistance of KRC7 cells to vacinia virus at 5 pfu per cell of the virus was investigated. The p67 level in these cells was varied by growing the cells under different physiological conditions such as serum starvation and expression of p67-sense and p67-antisense DNA. At low p67 level in the cells, p67-DG is activated. This deglycosylates p67 and inactivates p67. This accompanies eIF-2 phosphorylation and shutoff of host protein synthesis. At high p67 level in the cells, activation of p67-DG is prevented. This prevents shut-off of host protein synthesis and viral growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bose
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68588-0304, USA
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