1
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Parzyck CT, Gupta NK, Wu Y, Anil V, Bhatt L, Bouliane M, Gong R, Gregory BZ, Luo A, Sutarto R, He F, Chuang YD, Zhou T, Herranz G, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Schlom DG, Hawthorn DG, Shen KM. Absence of 3a 0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO 2. Nat Mater 2024; 23:486-491. [PMID: 38278983 PMCID: PMC10990928 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01797-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of many unconventional superconductors is the presence of many-body interactions that give rise to broken-symmetry states intertwined with superconductivity. Recent resonant soft X-ray scattering experiments report commensurate 3a0 charge density wave order in infinite-layer nickelates, which has important implications regarding the universal interplay between charge order and superconductivity in both cuprates and nickelates. Here we present X-ray scattering and spectroscopy measurements on a series of NdNiO2+x samples, which reveal that the signatures of charge density wave order are absent in fully reduced, single-phase NdNiO2. The 3a0 superlattice peak instead originates from a partially reduced impurity phase where excess apical oxygens form ordered rows with three-unit-cell periodicity. The absence of any observable charge density wave order in NdNiO2 highlights a crucial difference between the phase diagrams of cuprate and nickelate superconductors.
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Grants
- DE-SC0019414 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-AC02-05CH11231 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- DE-AC02-06CH11357 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
- FA9550-21-1-0168 United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF Office of Scientific Research)
- DMR-2104427 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- NNCI-2025233 National Science Foundation (NSF)
- GBMF3850 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)
- GBMF9073 Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Gordon E. and Betty I. Moore Foundation)
- Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Canadian Light Source, a national research facility of the University of Saskatchewan, which is supported by the Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the National Research Council (NRC), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Government of Saskatchewan, and the University of Saskatchewan.
- The microscopy work at Cornell was supported by the NSF PARADIM, with additional support from Cornell University, the Weill Institute, the Kavli Institute at Cornell, and the Packard Foundation.
- G.H. acknowledges support from Severo Ochoa FUNFUTURE (No. CEX2019-000917-S) of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2021 SGR 00445).
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Parzyck
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N K Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - V Anil
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Bhatt
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Bouliane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Z Gregory
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - G Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin, Germany
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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2
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Parzyck CT, Gupta NK, Wu Y, Anil V, Bhatt L, Bouliane M, Gong R, Gregory BZ, Luo A, Sutarto R, He F, Chuang YD, Zhou T, Herranz G, Kourkoutis LF, Singer A, Schlom DG, Hawthorn DG, Shen KM. Publisher Correction: Absence of 3a 0 charge density wave order in the infinite-layer nickelate NdNiO 2. Nat Mater 2024; 23:440. [PMID: 38347120 PMCID: PMC10917676 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-024-01832-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- C T Parzyck
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - N K Gupta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Wu
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - V Anil
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - L Bhatt
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Bouliane
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Gong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Z Gregory
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - T Zhou
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - G Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain
| | - L F Kourkoutis
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - A Singer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D G Schlom
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Leibniz-Institut für Kristallzüchtung, Berlin, Germany
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - K M Shen
- Laboratory of Atomic and Solid State Physics, Department of Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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3
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Wandel S, Boschini F, da Silva Neto EH, Shen L, Na MX, Zohar S, Wang Y, Welch SB, Seaberg MH, Koralek JD, Dakovski GL, Hettel W, Lin MF, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Reid AH, Minitti MP, Boyle T, He F, Sutarto R, Liang R, Bonn D, Hardy W, Kaindl RA, Hawthorn DG, Lee JS, Kemper AF, Damascelli A, Giannetti C, Turner JJ, Coslovich G. Enhanced charge density wave coherence in a light-quenched, high-temperature superconductor. Science 2022; 376:860-864. [PMID: 35587968 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Superconductivity and charge density waves (CDWs) are competitive, yet coexisting, orders in cuprate superconductors. To understand their microscopic interdependence, a probe capable of discerning their interaction on its natural length and time scale is necessary. We use ultrafast resonant soft x-ray scattering to track the transient evolution of CDW correlations in YBa2Cu3O6+x after the quench of superconductivity by an infrared laser pulse. We observe a nonthermal response of the CDW order characterized by a near doubling of the correlation length within ≈1 picosecond of the superconducting quench. Our results are consistent with a model in which the interaction between superconductivity and CDWs manifests inhomogeneously through disruption of spatial coherence, with superconductivity playing the dominant role in stabilizing CDW topological defects, such as discommensurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - F Boschini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Shen
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M X Na
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S Zohar
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S B Welch
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W Hettel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S P Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W F Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A H Reid
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T Boyle
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D Bonn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - W Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R A Kaindl
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J-S Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A F Kemper
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - C Giannetti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, BS I-25121, Italy
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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4
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McMahon C, Achkar AJ, da Silva Neto EH, Djianto I, Menard J, He F, Sutarto R, Comin R, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Damascelli A, Hawthorn DG. Orbital symmetries of charge density wave order in YBa 2Cu 3O 6+x. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/45/eaay0345. [PMID: 33158874 PMCID: PMC7673704 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aay0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Charge density wave (CDW) order has been shown to compete and coexist with superconductivity in underdoped cuprates. Theoretical proposals for the CDW order include an unconventional d-symmetry form factor CDW, evidence for which has emerged from measurements, including resonant soft x-ray scattering (RSXS) in YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO). Here, we revisit RSXS measurements of the CDW symmetry in YBCO, using a variation in the measurement geometry to provide enhanced sensitivity to orbital symmetry. We show that the (0 0.31 L) CDW peak measured at the Cu L edge is dominated by an s form factor rather than a d form factor as was reported previously. In addition, by measuring both (0.31 0 L) and (0 0.31 L) peaks, we identify a pronounced difference in the orbital symmetry of the CDW order along the a and b axes, with the CDW along the a axis exhibiting orbital order in addition to charge order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher McMahon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - I Djianto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J Menard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Comin
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ruixing Liang
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - A Damascelli
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
- CIFAR, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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5
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Achkar AJ, He F, Sutarto R, McMahon C, Zwiebler M, Hücker M, Gu GD, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Geck J, Hawthorn DG. Orbital symmetry of charge-density-wave order in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 and YBa2Cu3O6.67. Nat Mater 2016; 15:616-620. [PMID: 26878313 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent theories of charge-density-wave (CDW) order in high-temperature superconductors have predicted a primarily d CDW orbital symmetry. Here, we report on the orbital symmetry of CDW order in the canonical cuprate superconductors La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 (LBCO) and YBa2Cu3O6.67 (YBCO), using resonant soft X-ray scattering and a model mapped to the CDW orbital symmetry. From measurements sensitive to the O sublattice, we conclude that LBCO has predominantly s' CDW orbital symmetry, in contrast to the d orbital symmetry recently reported in other cuprates. Furthermore, we show for YBCO that the CDW orbital symmetry differs along the a and b crystal axes and that these both differ from LBCO. This work highlights CDW orbital symmetry as an additional key property that distinguishes the different cuprate families. We discuss how the CDW symmetry may be related to the '1/8-anomaly' and to static spin ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Christopher McMahon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M Zwiebler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - M Hücker
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G D Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Ruixing Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - J Geck
- Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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6
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Achkar AJ, Zwiebler M, McMahon C, He F, Sutarto R, Djianto I, Hao Z, Gingras MJP, Hücker M, Gu GD, Revcolevschi A, Zhang H, Kim YJ, Geck J, Hawthorn DG. Nematicity in stripe-ordered cuprates probed via resonant x-ray scattering. Science 2016; 351:576-8. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aad1824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - M. Zwiebler
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher McMahon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - F. He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R. Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Isaiah Djianto
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Zhihao Hao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michel J. P. Gingras
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, 31 Caroline Street North, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
| | - M. Hücker
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - G. D. Gu
- Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - A. Revcolevschi
- Synthèse Propriétés et Modélisation des Matériaux (SP2M), UMR 8182, Université Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - H. Zhang
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Y.-J. Kim
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - J. Geck
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research IFW Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Chemistry and Physics of Materials, Hellbrunner Strasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - D. G. Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
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7
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Comin R, Sutarto R, He F, da Silva Neto EH, Chauviere L, Fraño A, Liang R, Hardy WN, Bonn DA, Yoshida Y, Eisaki H, Achkar AJ, Hawthorn DG, Keimer B, Sawatzky GA, Damascelli A. Symmetry of charge order in cuprates. Nat Mater 2015; 14:796-800. [PMID: 26006005 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Charge-ordered ground states permeate the phenomenology of 3d-based transition metal oxides, and more generally represent a distinctive hallmark of strongly correlated states of matter. The recent discovery of charge order in various cuprate families has fuelled new interest into the role played by this incipient broken symmetry within the complex phase diagram of high-T(c) superconductors. Here, we use resonant X-ray scattering to resolve the main characteristics of the charge-modulated state in two cuprate families: Bi2Sr(2-x)La(x)CuO(6+δ) (Bi2201) and YBa2Cu3O(6+y) (YBCO). We detect no signatures of spatial modulations along the nodal direction in Bi2201, thus clarifying the inter-unit-cell momentum structure of charge order. We also resolve the intra-unit-cell symmetry of the charge-ordered state, which is revealed to be best represented by a bond order with modulated charges on the O-2p orbitals and a prominent d-wave character. These results provide insights into the origin and microscopic description of charge order in cuprates, and its interplay with superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Comin
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [3] Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany [4] Quantum Materials Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - L Chauviere
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada [3] Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Fraño
- 1] Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany [2] Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Liang
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Y Yoshida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - H Eisaki
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8568, Japan
| | - A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - B Keimer
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstrasse 1, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - G A Sawatzky
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A Damascelli
- 1] Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada [2] Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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8
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Achkar AJ, Mao X, McMahon C, Sutarto R, He F, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Hawthorn DG. Impact of quenched oxygen disorder on charge density wave order in YBa2Cu3O6+x. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:107002. [PMID: 25238378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.107002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The competition between superconductivity and charge density wave (CDW) order in underdoped cuprates has now been widely reported, but the role of disorder in this competition has yet to be fully resolved. A central question is whether disorder sets the length scale of the CDW order, for instance by pinning charge density fluctuations or disrupting an otherwise long-range order. Using resonant soft x-ray scattering, we investigate the sensitivity of CDW order in YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) to varying levels of oxygen disorder. We find that quench cooling YBCO6.67 (YBCO6.75) crystals to destroy their o-V and o-VIII (o-III) chains decreases the intensity of the CDW superlattice peak by a factor of 1.9 (1.3), but has little effect on the CDW correlation length, incommensurability, and temperature dependence. This reveals that while quenched oxygen disorder influences the CDW order parameter, the spatial extent of the CDW order is insensitive to the level of quenched oxygen disorder and may instead be a consequence of competition with superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - X Mao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Christopher McMahon
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - Ruixing Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D A Bonn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - W N Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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9
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Green RJ, Peak D, Achkar AJ, Tse JS, Moewes A, Hawthorn DG, Regier TZ. Comment on "State-dependent electron delocalization dynamics at the solute-solvent interface: soft-x-ray absorption spectroscopy and ab initio calculations". Phys Rev Lett 2014; 112:129301. [PMID: 24724686 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.129301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R J Green
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - D Peak
- Department of Soil Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A8
| | - A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - J S Tse
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - A Moewes
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5E2
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - T Z Regier
- Canadian Light Source, Inc., Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 2V3
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10
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Mizokawa T, Wakisaka Y, Sudayama T, Iwai C, Miyoshi K, Takeuchi J, Wadati H, Hawthorn DG, Regier TZ, Sawatzky GA. Role of oxygen holes in Li(x)CoO(2) revealed by soft X-ray spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:056404. [PMID: 23952425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.056404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental electronic structure of the widely used battery material Li(x)CoO(2) still remains a mystery. Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of Li(x)CoO(2) reveals that holes with strong O 2p character play an essential role in the electronic conductivity of the Co(3+)/Co(4+) mixed valence CoO(2) layer. The oxygen holes are bound to the Co(4+) sites and the Li-ion vacancy, suggesting that the Li-ion flow can be stabilized by oxygen hole back flow. Such an oxygen hole state of Li(x)CoO(2) is unique among the various oxide-based battery materials and is one of the key ingredients to improving their electronic and Li-ion conductivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mizokawa
- Department of Physics and Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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11
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Achkar AJ, He F, Sutarto R, Geck J, Zhang H, Kim YJ, Hawthorn DG. Resonant X-ray scattering measurements of a spatial modulation of the Cu 3d and O 2p energies in stripe-ordered cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:017001. [PMID: 23383826 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.017001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A prevailing description of the stripe phase in underdoped cuprate superconductors is that the charge carriers (holes) phase segregate on a microscopic scale into hole-rich and hole-poor regions. We report resonant elastic x-ray scattering measurements of stripe-ordered La(1.475)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.125)CuO(4) at the Cu L and O K absorption edges that identify an additional feature of stripe order. Analysis of the energy dependence of the scattering intensity reveals that the dominant signature of the stripe order is a spatial modulation in the energies of Cu 3d and O 2p states rather than the large modulation of the charge density (valence) envisioned in the common stripe paradigm. These energy shifts are interpreted as a spatial modulation of the electronic structure and may point to a valence-bond-solid interpretation of the stripe phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
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12
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Hossain MA, Zegkinoglou I, Chuang YD, Geck J, Bohnenbuck B, Gonzalez AGC, Wu HH, Schüßler-Langeheine C, Hawthorn DG, Denlinger JD, Mathieu R, Tokura Y, Satow S, Takagi H, Yoshida Y, Hussain Z, Keimer B, Sawatzky GA, Damascelli A. Electronic superlattice revealed by resonant scattering from random impurities in Sr3Ru2O7. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2299. [PMID: 23903555 PMCID: PMC3730170 DOI: 10.1038/srep02299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resonant elastic x-ray scattering (REXS) is an exquisite element-sensitive tool for the study of subtle charge, orbital, and spin superlattice orders driven by the valence electrons, which therefore escape detection in conventional x-ray diffraction (XRD). Although the power of REXS has been demonstrated by numerous studies of complex oxides performed in the soft x-ray regime, the cross section and photon wavelength of the material-specific elemental absorption edges ultimately set the limit to the smallest superlattice amplitude and periodicity one can probe. Here we show--with simulations and REXS on Mn-substituted Sr3Ru2O7--that these limitations can be overcome by performing resonant scattering experiments at the absorption edge of a suitably-chosen, dilute impurity. This establishes that--in analogy with impurity-based methods used in electron-spin-resonance, nuclear-magnetic resonance, and Mössbauer spectroscopy--randomly distributed impurities can serve as a non-invasive, but now momentum-dependent probe, greatly extending the applicability of resonant x-ray scattering techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Hossain
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - I. Zegkinoglou
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Y.-D. Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J. Geck
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B. Bohnenbuck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A. G. Cruz Gonzalez
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - H.-H. Wu
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - C. Schüßler-Langeheine
- II. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Straße 77, 50937 Köln, Germany
| | - D. G. Hawthorn
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - J. D. Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - R. Mathieu
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Y. Tokura
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - S. Satow
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - H. Takagi
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
| | - Y. Yoshida
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8568, Japan
| | - Z. Hussain
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - B. Keimer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Festkörperforschung, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - G. A. Sawatzky
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - A. Damascelli
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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13
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Achkar AJ, Sutarto R, Mao X, He F, Frano A, Blanco-Canosa S, Le Tacon M, Ghiringhelli G, Braicovich L, Minola M, Sala MM, Mazzoli C, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN, Keimer B, Sawatzky GA, Hawthorn DG. Distinct charge orders in the planes and chains of ortho-III-ordered YBa2Cu3O(6+δ) superconductors identified by resonant elastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:167001. [PMID: 23215115 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.167001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Recently, charge density wave (CDW) order in the CuO(2) planes of underdoped YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6+δ) was detected using resonant soft x-ray scattering. An important question remains: is the chain layer responsible for this charge ordering? Here, we explore the energy and polarization dependence of the resonant scattering intensity in a detwinned sample of YBa(2)Cu(3)O(6.75) with ortho-III oxygen ordering in the chain layer. We show that the ortho-III CDW order in the chains is distinct from the CDW order in the planes. The ortho-III structure gives rise to a commensurate superlattice reflection at Q=[0.33 0 L] whose energy and polarization dependence agrees with expectations for oxygen ordering and a spatial modulation of the Cu valence in the chains. Incommensurate peaks at [0.30 0 L] and [0 0.30 L] from the CDW order in the planes are shown to be distinct in Q as well as their temperature, energy, and polarization dependence, and are thus unrelated to the structure of the chain layer. Moreover, the energy dependence of the CDW order in the planes is shown to result from a spatial modulation of energies of the Cu 2p to 3d(x(2)-y(2)) transition, similar to stripe-ordered 214 cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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14
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Regier TZ, Achkar AJ, Peak D, Tse JS, Hawthorn DG. Dark channel fluorescence observations result from concentration effects rather than solvent–solute charge transfer. Nat Chem 2012; 4:765-6; author reply 767-8. [DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Ghiringhelli G, Le Tacon M, Minola M, Blanco-Canosa S, Mazzoli C, Brookes NB, De Luca GM, Frano A, Hawthorn DG, He F, Loew T, Moretti Sala M, Peets DC, Salluzzo M, Schierle E, Sutarto R, Sawatzky GA, Weschke E, Keimer B, Braicovich L. Long-Range Incommensurate Charge Fluctuations in (Y,Nd)Ba2Cu3O6+x. Science 2012; 337:821-5. [PMID: 22798406 DOI: 10.1126/science.1223532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Ghiringhelli
- CNR-SPIN, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze Fisiche della Materia, and Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy.
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16
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Achkar AJ, Regier TZ, Monkman EJ, Shen KM, Hawthorn DG. Determination of total x-ray absorption coefficient using non-resonant x-ray emission. Sci Rep 2011; 1:182. [PMID: 22355697 PMCID: PMC3240986 DOI: 10.1038/srep00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An alternative measure of x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) called inverse partial fluorescence yield (IPFY) has recently been developed that is both bulk sensitive and free of saturation effects. Here we show that the angle dependence of IPFY can provide a measure directly proportional to the total x-ray absorption coefficient, µ(E). In contrast, fluorescence yield (FY) and electron yield (EY) spectra are offset and/or distorted from µ(E) by an unknown and difficult to measure amount. Moreover, our measurement can determine µ(E) in absolute units with no free parameters by scaling to µ(E) at the non-resonant emission energy. We demonstrate this technique with measurements on NiO and NdGaO3. Determining µ(E) across edge-steps enables the use of XAS as a non-destructive measure of material composition. In NdGaO3, we also demonstrate the utility of IPFY for insulating samples, where neither EY or FY provide reliable spectra due to sample charging and self-absorption effects, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Achkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Canada
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17
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Wadati H, Geck J, Hawthorn DG, Higuchi T, Hosoda M, Bell C, Hikita Y, Hwang HY, Schussler-Langeheine C, Schierle E, Weschke E, Sawatzky GA. Electronic structure of the SrTiO3/LaAlO3interface revealed by resonant soft x-ray scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/24/1/012012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Hawthorn DG, He F, Venema L, Davis H, Achkar AJ, Zhang J, Sutarto R, Wadati H, Radi A, Wilson T, Wright G, Shen KM, Geck J, Zhang H, Novák V, Sawatzky GA. An in-vacuum diffractometer for resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering. Rev Sci Instrum 2011; 82:073104. [PMID: 21806169 DOI: 10.1063/1.3607438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We describe the design, construction, and performance of a 4-circle in-vacuum diffractometer for resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering. The diffractometer, installed on the resonant elastic and inelastic x-ray scattering beamline at the Canadian Light Source, includes 9 in-vacuum motions driven by in-vacuum stepper motors and operates in ultra-high vacuum at base pressure of 2 × 10(-10) Torr. Cooling to a base temperature of 18 K is provided with a closed-cycle cryostat. The diffractometer includes a choice of 3 photon detectors: a photodiode, a channeltron, and a 2D sensitive channelplate detector. Along with variable slit and filter options, these detectors are suitable for studying a wide range of phenomena having both weak and strong diffraction signals. Example measurements of diffraction and reflectivity in Nd-doped (La,Sr)(2)CuO(4) and thin film (Ga,Mn)As are shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Abstract
We derive diffusion equations, which describe spin-charge coupled transport on the helical metal surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. The main feature of these equations is a large magnitude of the spin-charge coupling, which leads to interesting and observable effects. In particular, we predict a new magnetoresistance effect, which manifests in a non-Ohmic correction to a voltage drop between a ferromagnetic spin-polarized electrode and a nonmagnetic electrode, placed on top of the helical metal. This correction is proportional to the cross product of the spin polarization of the ferromagnetic electrode and the charge current between the two electrodes. We also demonstrate tunability of this effect by applying a gate voltage, which makes it possible to operate the proposed device as a transistor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Burkov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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20
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Peets DC, Hawthorn DG, Shen KM, Kim YJ, Ellis DS, Zhang H, Komiya S, Ando Y, Sawatzky GA, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN. X-ray absorption spectra reveal the inapplicability of the single-band Hubbard model to overdoped cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:087402. [PMID: 19792760 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.087402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
X-ray absorption spectra on the overdoped high-temperature superconductors Tl2Ba2CuO(6+delta) and La(2-x)SrxCuO(4+/-delta) reveal a striking departure in the electronic structure from that of the underdoped regime. The upper Hubbard band, identified with strong correlation effects, is not observed on the oxygen K edge, while the lowest-energy prepeak gains less intensity than expected above p approximately 0.21. This suggests a breakdown of the Zhang-Rice singlet approximation and a loss of correlation effects or a significant shift in the most fundamental parameters of the system, rendering single-band Hubbard models inapplicable. Such fundamental changes suggest that the overdoped regime may offer a distinct route to understanding in the cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Peets
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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21
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Paglione J, Tanatar MA, Hawthorn DG, Ronning F, Hill RW, Sutherland M, Taillefer L, Petrovic C. Nonvanishing energy scales at the quantum critical point of CeCoIn5. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:106606. [PMID: 17025840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 05/04/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Heat and charge transport were used to probe the magnetic field-tuned quantum critical point in the heavy-fermion metal CeCoIn5. A comparison of electrical and thermal resistivities reveals three characteristic energy scales. A Fermi-liquid regime is observed below T(FL), with both transport coefficients diverging in parallel and T(FL) -->0 as H --> Hc, the critical field. The characteristic temperature of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations, T(SF), is tuned to a minimum but finite value at Hc, which coincides with the end of the T-linear regime in the electrical resistivity. A third temperature scale, T(QP), signals the formation of quasiparticles, as fermions of charge e obeying the Wiedemann-Franz law. Unlike T(FL), it remains finite at Hc, so that the integrity of quasiparticles is preserved, even though the standard signature of Fermi-liquid theory fails.
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22
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Ronning F, Hill RW, Sutherland M, Hawthorn DG, Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Taillefer L, Graf MJ, Perry RS, Maeno Y, Mackenzie AP. Thermal conductivity in the vicinity of the quantum critical end point in Sr3Ru2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:067005. [PMID: 17026193 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.067005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity of Sr3Ru2O7 was measured down to 40 mK and at magnetic fields through the quantum critical end point at Hc=7.85 T. A peak in the electrical resistivity as a function of the field was mimicked by the thermal resistivity. In the limit as T-->0 K, we find that the Wiedemann-Franz law is satisfied to within 5% at all fields, implying that there is no breakdown of the electron despite the destruction of the Fermi liquid state at quantum criticality. A significant change in disorder [from rho0(H=0 T)=2.1 to 0.5 microOmega cm] does not influence our conclusions. At finite temperatures, the temperature dependence of the Lorenz number is consistent with ferromagnetic fluctuations causing the non-Fermi liquid behavior as one would expect at a metamagnetic quantum critical end point.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Ronning
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Nakatsuji S, Hawthorn DG, Boaknin E, Hill RW, Ronning F, Sutherland M, Taillefer L, Petrovic C, Canfield PC, Fisk Z. Unpaired electrons in the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:067002. [PMID: 16090981 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.067002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermal conductivity and specific heat were measured in the superconducting state of the heavy-fermion material Ce(1-x)La(x)CoIn5. With increasing impurity concentration x, the suppression of T(c) is accompanied by the increase in residual electronic specific heat expected of a d-wave superconductor, but it occurs in parallel with a decrease in residual electronic thermal conductivity. This contrasting behavior reveals the presence of uncondensed electrons coexisting with nodal quasiparticles. An extreme multiband scenario is proposed, with a d-wave superconducting gap on the heavy-electron sheets of the Fermi surface and a negligible gap on the light, three-dimensional pockets.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Tanatar
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Paglione J, Tanatar MA, Hawthorn DG, Hill RW, Ronning F, Sutherland M, Taillefer L, Petrovic C, Canfield PC. Heat transport as a probe of electron scattering by spin fluctuations: the case of antiferromagnetic CeRhIn(5). Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:216602. [PMID: 16090337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.216602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Heat and charge conduction were measured in the heavy-fermion metal CeRhIn(5), an antiferromagnet with T(N)=3.8 K. The thermal resistivity is found to be proportional to the magnetic entropy, revealing that spin fluctuations are as effective in scattering electrons as they are in disordering local moments. The electrical resistivity, governed by a q(2) weighting of fluctuations, increases monotonically with temperature. In contrast, the difference between thermal and electrical resistivities, characterized by a omega(2) weighting, peaks sharply at T(N) and eventually goes to zero at a temperature T(*) approximately = 8 K. T(*) thus emerges as a measure of the characteristic energy of magnetic fluctuations.
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Sutherland M, Li SY, Hawthorn DG, Hill RW, Ronning F, Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Zhang H, Taillefer L, DeBenedictis J, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN. Delocalized fermions in underdoped cuprate superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:147004. [PMID: 15904097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.147004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Low-temperature heat transport was used to investigate the ground state of high-purity single crystals of the lightly doped cuprate YBa2Cu3O6.33. Samples were measured with doping concentrations on either side of the superconducting phase boundary. We report the observation of delocalized fermionic excitations at zero energy in the nonsuperconducting state, which shows that the ground state of underdoped cuprates is a thermal metal. Its low-energy spectrum appears to be similar to that of the d-wave superconductor, i.e., nodal. The insulating ground state observed in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 is attributed to the competing spin-density-wave order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Sutherland
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Li SY, Taillefer L, Hawthorn DG, Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Sutherland M, Hill RW, Wang CH, Chen XH. Giant electron-electron scattering in the Fermi-liquid state of Na0.7CoO2. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:056401. [PMID: 15323717 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The in-plane resistivity rho and thermal conductivity kappa of single crystal Na0.7CoO2 were measured down to 40 mK. Verification of the Wiedemann-Franz law, kappa/T=L(0)/rho as T-->0, and observation of a T2 dependence of rho at low temperature establish the existence of a well-defined Fermi-liquid state. The measured value of coefficient A reveals enormous electron-electron scattering, characterized by the largest Kadowaki-Woods ratio A/gamma(2) encountered in any material. The rapid suppression of A with magnetic field suggests a possible proximity to a magnetic quantum critical point. We also speculate on the possible role of magnetic frustration and proximity to a Mott insulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Li
- Département de physique, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Hill RW, Lupien C, Sutherland M, Boaknin E, Hawthorn DG, Proust C, Ronning F, Taillefer L, Liang R, Bonn DA, Hardy WN. Transport in ultraclean YBa2Cu3O7: neither unitary nor born impurity scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:027001. [PMID: 14753959 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.027001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The thermal conductivity of ultraclean YBa2Cu3O7 was measured at very low temperature in magnetic fields up to 13 T. The temperature and field dependence of the electronic heat conductivity show that two widespread assumptions of transport theory applied to unconventional superconductors fail for clean cuprates: impurity scattering cannot be treated in the usual unitary limit (nor indeed in the Born limit), and scattering of quasiparticles off vortices cannot be neglected. Our study also sheds light on the long-standing puzzle of a sudden onset of a "plateau" in the thermal conductivity of Bi-2212 versus field.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Hill
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Paglione J, Tanatar MA, Hawthorn DG, Boaknin E, Hill RW, Ronning F, Sutherland M, Taillefer L, Petrovic C, Canfield PC. Field-induced quantum critical point in CeCoIn5. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:246405. [PMID: 14683139 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.246405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The resistivity of the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5 was measured as a function of temperature, down to 25 mK and in magnetic fields of up to 16 T applied perpendicular to the basal plane. With increasing field, we observe a suppression of the non-Fermi liquid behavior, rho approximately T, and the development of a Fermi liquid state, with its characteristic rho=rho(0)+AT2 dependence. The field dependence of the T2 coefficient shows critical behavior with an exponent of 1.37. This is evidence for a field-induced quantum critical point (QCP), occurring at a critical field which coincides, within experimental accuracy, with the superconducting critical field H(c2). We discuss the relation of this field-tuned QCP to a change in the magnetic state, seen as a change in magnetoresistance from positive to negative, at a crossover line that has a common border with the superconducting region below approximately 1 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnpierre Paglione
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 1A7.
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Hawthorn DG, Hill RW, Proust C, Ronning F, Sutherland M, Boaknin E, Lupien C, Tanatar MA, Paglione J, Wakimoto S, Zhang H, Taillefer L, Kimura T, Nohara M, Takagi H, Hussey NE. Field-induced thermal metal-to-insulator transition in underdoped La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4+delta). Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:197004. [PMID: 12785975 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.197004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The transport of heat and charge in cuprates was measured in single crystals of La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO(4+delta) (LSCO) across the doping phase diagram at low temperatures. In underdoped LSCO, the thermal conductivity is found to decrease with increasing magnetic field in the T-->0 limit, in striking contrast to the increase observed in all superconductors, including cuprates at higher doping. In heavily underdoped LSCO, where superconductivity can be entirely suppressed with an applied magnetic field, we show that a novel thermal metal-to-insulator transition takes place upon going from the superconducting state to the field-induced normal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The transmittance of skew rays through metal light pipes is examined with ray tracing. The transmittance with respect to pipe length is compared with analytical approximations and with experimental data. The effects of pipe material, pipe shape, wavelength of the incident light, distribution of the incident light, and maximum angle of incidence on transmittance are examined. The transmittance is shown, in general, not to be exponential with respect to pipe length. Additionally, the effect on transmittance of elbows and gaps in a pipe is investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L85 4M1, Canada
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Hawthorn DG, Solomon DH. DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as a Diagnostic Tool in Mechanistic Studies Related to Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1972. [DOI: 10.1080/10601327208056867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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