1
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Li S, Lu L, Bhattacharyya S, Pearce C, Li K, Nienhuis ET, Doumy G, Schaller RD, Moeller S, Lin MF, Dakovski G, Hoffman DJ, Garratt D, Larsen KA, Koralek JD, Hampton CY, Cesar D, Duris J, Zhang Z, Sudar N, Cryan JP, Marinelli A, Li X, Inhester L, Santra R, Young L. Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe x-ray spectroscopy of liquid water. Science 2024; 383:1118-1122. [PMID: 38359104 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has been much success with overlapped near-infrared femtosecond and extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses combined with theory, true attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have been limited. We used a synchronized attosecond x-ray pulse pair from an x-ray free-electron laser to study the electronic response to valence ionization in liquid water through all x-ray attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (AX-ATAS). Our analysis showed that the AX-ATAS response is confined to the subfemtosecond timescale, eliminating any hydrogen atom motion and demonstrating experimentally that the 1b1 splitting in the x-ray emission spectrum is related to dynamics and is not evidence of two structural motifs in ambient liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Swarnendu Bhattacharyya
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolyn Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - R D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - S Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - G Dakovski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D J Hoffman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Garratt
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kirk A Larsen
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - C Y Hampton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Cesar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sudar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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2
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Wandel S, Boschini F, da Silva Neto EH, Shen L, Na MX, Zohar S, Wang Y, Welch SB, Seaberg MH, Koralek JD, Dakovski GL, Hettel W, Lin MF, Moeller SP, Schlotter WF, Reid AH, Minitti MP, Boyle T, He F, Sutarto R, Liang R, Bonn D, Hardy W, Kaindl RA, Hawthorn DG, Lee JS, Kemper AF, Damascelli A, Giannetti C, Turner JJ, Coslovich G. Enhanced charge density wave coherence in a light-quenched, high-temperature superconductor. Science 2022; 376:860-864. [PMID: 35587968 DOI: 10.1126/science.abd7213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Superconductivity and charge density waves (CDWs) are competitive, yet coexisting, orders in cuprate superconductors. To understand their microscopic interdependence, a probe capable of discerning their interaction on its natural length and time scale is necessary. We use ultrafast resonant soft x-ray scattering to track the transient evolution of CDW correlations in YBa2Cu3O6+x after the quench of superconductivity by an infrared laser pulse. We observe a nonthermal response of the CDW order characterized by a near doubling of the correlation length within ≈1 picosecond of the superconducting quench. Our results are consistent with a model in which the interaction between superconductivity and CDWs manifests inhomogeneously through disruption of spatial coherence, with superconductivity playing the dominant role in stabilizing CDW topological defects, such as discommensurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - F Boschini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.,Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - E H da Silva Neto
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - L Shen
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M X Na
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S Zohar
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S B Welch
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W Hettel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - S P Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - W F Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A H Reid
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - T Boyle
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.,Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06516, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - F He
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Sutarto
- Canadian Light Source, Saskatoon, SK S7N 2V3, Canada
| | - R Liang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - D Bonn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - W Hardy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R A Kaindl
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.,Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - D G Hawthorn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - J-S Lee
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - A F Kemper
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - A Damascelli
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.,Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - C Giannetti
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, BS I-25121, Italy
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory and Stanford University, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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3
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Kjellsson L, Nanda KD, Rubensson JE, Doumy G, Southworth SH, Ho PJ, March AM, Al Haddad A, Kumagai Y, Tu MF, Schaller RD, Debnath T, Bin Mohd Yusof MS, Arnold C, Schlotter WF, Moeller S, Coslovich G, Koralek JD, Minitti MP, Vidal ML, Simon M, Santra R, Loh ZH, Coriani S, Krylov AI, Young L. Resonant Inelastic X-Ray Scattering Reveals Hidden Local Transitions of the Aqueous OH Radical. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:236001. [PMID: 32603165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.236001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) provides remarkable opportunities to interrogate ultrafast dynamics in liquids. Here we use RIXS to study the fundamentally and practically important hydroxyl radical in liquid water, OH(aq). Impulsive ionization of pure liquid water produced a short-lived population of OH(aq), which was probed using femtosecond x-rays from an x-ray free-electron laser. We find that RIXS reveals localized electronic transitions that are masked in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum by strong charge-transfer transitions-thus providing a means to investigate the evolving electronic structure and reactivity of the hydroxyl radical in aqueous and heterogeneous environments. First-principles calculations provide interpretation of the main spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Kjellsson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K D Nanda
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - J-E Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, S-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - S H Southworth
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P J Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A M March
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - A Al Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Y Kumagai
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M-F Tu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - R D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - T Debnath
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - M S Bin Mohd Yusof
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - C Arnold
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - W F Schlotter
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Moeller
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M L Vidal
- DTU Chemistry-Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - M Simon
- Sorbonne Université and CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique-Matière et Rayonnement, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - R Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Z-H Loh
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - S Coriani
- DTU Chemistry-Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A I Krylov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - L Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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4
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Wolff AM, Young ID, Sierra RG, Brewster AS, Martynowycz MW, Aquila A, Nango E, Nakane T, Koralek JD, Sugahara M, Tanaka R, Zhao W, Ito K, Woldeyes RA, Biel JT, Thompson EM, Samelson A, Cortez S, van den Bedem H, Yumoto F, Tono K, Gonen T, Iwata S, Boutet S, Sauter NS, Fraser JS, Thompson MC. Optimizing and evaluating protein microcrystallography experiments: strengths and weaknesses of X-rays and electrons. Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv 2019. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767319096156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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5
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Langner MC, Roy S, Huang SW, Koralek JD, Chuang YD, Dakovski GL, Turner JJ, Robinson JS, Coffee RN, Minitti MP, Seki S, Tokura Y, Schoenlein RW. Nonlinear Ultrafast Spin Scattering in the Skyrmion Phase of Cu_{2}OSeO_{3}. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:107204. [PMID: 28949160 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.107204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast x-ray scattering studies of the topological Skyrmion phase in Cu_{2}OSeO_{3} show the dynamics to be strongly dependent on the excitation energy and fluence. At high photon energies, where the electron-spin scattering cross section is relatively high, the excitation of the topological Skyrmion phase shows a nonlinear dependence on the excitation fluence, in contrast to the excitation of the conical phase which is linearly dependent on the excitation fluence. The excitation of the Skyrmion order parameter is nonlinear in the magnetic excitation resulting from scattering during electron-hole recombination, indicating different dominant scattering processes in the conical and Skyrmion phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Langner
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - S W Huang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Y-D Chuang
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley California 94720, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J S Robinson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Seki
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Y Tokura
- RIKEN, Center for Emergent Matter Science, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - R W Schoenlein
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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6
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Seaberg MH, Holladay B, Lee JCT, Sikorski M, Reid AH, Montoya SA, Dakovski GL, Koralek JD, Coslovich G, Moeller S, Schlotter WF, Streubel R, Kevan SD, Fischer P, Fullerton EE, Turner JL, Decker FJ, Sinha SK, Roy S, Turner JJ. Nanosecond X-Ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy on Magnetic Skyrmions. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:067403. [PMID: 28949638 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.067403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report an x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy method that exploits the recent development of the two-pulse mode at the Linac Coherent Light Source. By using coherent resonant x-ray magnetic scattering, we studied spontaneous fluctuations on nanosecond time scales in thin films of multilayered Fe/Gd that exhibit ordered stripe and Skyrmion lattice phases. The correlation time of the fluctuations was found to differ between the Skyrmion phase and near the stripe-Skyrmion boundary. This technique will enable a significant new area of research on the study of equilibrium fluctuations in condensed matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Seaberg
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - B Holladay
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J C T Lee
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Sikorski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - A H Reid
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S A Montoya
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - G L Dakovski
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - G Coslovich
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S Moeller
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - W F Schlotter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - R Streubel
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - S D Kevan
- Department of Physics, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97401, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Fischer
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J L Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - F-J Decker
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
| | - S K Sinha
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Roy
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - J J Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94720, USA
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7
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Hinton JP, Koralek JD, Yu G, Motoyama EM, Lu YM, Vishwanath A, Greven M, Orenstein J. Time-resolved optical reflectivity of the electron-doped Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4+δ) cuprate superconductor: evidence for an interplay between competing orders. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:217002. [PMID: 23745913 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.217002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We use pump-probe spectroscopy to measure the photoinduced reflectivity ΔR of the electron-doped cuprate superconductor Nd(2-x)Ce(x)CuO(4+δ) at a value of x near optimal doping, as a function of time, temperature, and laser fluence. We observe the onset of a negative ΔR signal at T(*)≈75 K, above the superconducting transition temperature, T(c), of 23 K. The relatively slow decay of ΔR, compared to the analogous signal in hole doped compounds, allows us to resolve time-temperature scaling consistent with critical fluctuations. A positive ΔR signal onsets at T(c) that we associate with superconducting order. We find that the two signals are strongly coupled below T(c), in a manner that suggests a repulsive interaction between superconductivity and another fluctuating order.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Hinton
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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8
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Koralek JD, Yang L, Tibbetts DR, Reno JL, Lilly MP, Orenstein J. Doppler velocimetry of spin and charge currents in the 2D Fermi gas. EPJ Web of Conferences 2013. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20134103017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Koralek JD, Meier D, Hinton JP, Bauer A, Parameswaran SA, Vishwanath A, Ramesh R, Schoenlein RW, Pfleiderer C, Orenstein J. Observation of coherent helimagnons and gilbert damping in an itinerant magnet. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:247204. [PMID: 23368372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.247204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study the magnetic excitations of itinerant helimagnets by applying time-resolved optical spectroscopy to Fe(0.8)Co(0.2)Si. Optically excited oscillations of the magnetization in the helical state are found to disperse to lower frequency as the applied magnetic field is increased; the fingerprint of collective modes unique to helimagnets, known as helimagnons. The use of time-resolved spectroscopy allows us to address the fundamental magnetic relaxation processes by directly measuring the Gilbert damping, revealing the versatility of spin dynamics in chiral magnets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Koralek
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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10
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Yang L, Koralek JD, Orenstein J, Tibbetts DR, Reno JL, Lilly MP. Coherent propagation of spin helices in a quantum-well confined electron gas. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:246603. [PMID: 23368357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.246603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We use phase-resolved transient grating spectroscopy to measure the propagation of spin helices in a high mobility n-GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well with an applied in-plane electric field. At relatively low fields helical modes crossover from overdamped excitations where the spin-precession period exceeds the spin lifetime, to a regime of coherent propagation where several spin-precession periods can be observed. We demonstrate that the envelope of a spin polarization packet reaches a current-driven velocity of 10(7) cm s(-1) in an applied field of 70 V cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Smallwood CL, Hinton JP, Jozwiak C, Zhang W, Koralek JD, Eisaki H, Lee DH, Orenstein J, Lanzara A. Tracking Cooper Pairs in a Cuprate Superconductor by Ultrafast Angle-Resolved Photoemission. Science 2012; 336:1137-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1217423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Yang L, Koralek JD, Orenstein J, Tibbetts DR, Reno JL, Lilly MP. Measurement of electron-hole friction in an n-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well using optical transient grating spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:247401. [PMID: 21770596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.247401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We use phase-resolved transient grating spectroscopy to measure the drift and diffusion of electron-hole density waves in a semiconductor quantum well. The unique aspects of this optical probe allow us to determine the frictional force between a two-dimensional Fermi liquid of electrons and a dilute gas of holes. Knowledge of electron-hole friction enables prediction of ambipolar dynamics in high-mobility electron systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyi Yang
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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He RH, Hashimoto M, Karapetyan H, Koralek JD, Hinton JP, Testaud JP, Nathan V, Yoshida Y, Yao H, Tanaka K, Meevasana W, Moore RG, Lu DH, Mo SK, Ishikado M, Eisaki H, Hussain Z, Devereaux TP, Kivelson SA, Orenstein J, Kapitulnik A, Shen ZX. From a single-band metal to a high-temperature superconductor via two thermal phase transitions. Science 2011; 331:1579-83. [PMID: 21436447 DOI: 10.1126/science.1198415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the pseudogap phase of cuprate high-temperature superconductors is a major unsolved problem in condensed matter physics. We studied the commencement of the pseudogap state at temperature T* using three different techniques (angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, polar Kerr effect, and time-resolved reflectivity) on the same optimally doped Bi2201 crystals. We observed the coincident, abrupt onset at T* of a particle-hole asymmetric antinodal gap in the electronic spectrum, a Kerr rotation in the reflected light polarization, and a change in the ultrafast relaxational dynamics, consistent with a phase transition. Upon further cooling, spectroscopic signatures of superconductivity begin to grow close to the superconducting transition temperature (T(c)), entangled in an energy-momentum-dependent manner with the preexisting pseudogap features, ushering in a ground state with coexisting orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hua He
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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14
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Plumb NC, Reber TJ, Koralek JD, Sun Z, Douglas JF, Aiura Y, Oka K, Eisaki H, Dessau DS. Low-energy (<10 meV) feature in the nodal electron self-energy and strong temperature dependence of the Fermi velocity in Bi{2}Sr{2}CaCu{2}O{8+δ}. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:046402. [PMID: 20867869 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.046402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Using low photon energy angle-resolved photoemission, we study the low-energy dispersion along the nodal (π,π) direction in Bi{2}Sr{2}CaCu{2}O{8+δ} as a function of temperature. Less than 10 meV below the Fermi energy, the high-resolution data reveal a novel "kinklike" feature in the electron self-energy that is distinct from the larger well-known kink roughly 70 meV below E{F}. This new kink is strongest below the superconducting critical temperature and weakens substantially at higher temperatures. A corollary of this finding is that the Fermi velocity v{F}, as measured in this low-energy range, varies rapidly with temperature-increasing by almost 30% from 70 to 110 K. The behavior of v{F}(T) appears to shift as a function of doping, suggesting a departure from simple "universality" in the nodal Fermi velocity of cuprates.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Plumb
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA.
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Koralek JD, Weber CP, Orenstein J, Bernevig BA, Zhang SC, Mack S, Awschalom DD. Emergence of the persistent spin helix in semiconductor quantum wells. Nature 2009; 458:610-3. [PMID: 19340077 DOI: 10.1038/nature07871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
According to Noether's theorem, for every symmetry in nature there is a corresponding conservation law. For example, invariance with respect to spatial translation corresponds to conservation of momentum. In another well-known example, invariance with respect to rotation of the electron's spin, or SU(2) symmetry, leads to conservation of spin polarization. For electrons in a solid, this symmetry is ordinarily broken by spin-orbit coupling, allowing spin angular momentum to flow to orbital angular momentum. However, it has recently been predicted that SU(2) can be achieved in a two-dimensional electron gas, despite the presence of spin-orbit coupling. The corresponding conserved quantities include the amplitude and phase of a helical spin density wave termed the 'persistent spin helix'. SU(2) is realized, in principle, when the strengths of two dominant spin-orbit interactions, the Rashba (strength parameterized by alpha) and linear Dresselhaus (beta(1)) interactions, are equal. This symmetry is predicted to be robust against all forms of spin-independent scattering, including electron-electron interactions, but is broken by the cubic Dresselhaus term (beta(3)) and spin-dependent scattering. When these terms are negligible, the distance over which spin information can propagate is predicted to diverge as alpha approaches beta(1). Here we report experimental observation of the emergence of the persistent spin helix in GaAs quantum wells by independently tuning alpha and beta(1). Using transient spin-grating spectroscopy, we find a spin-lifetime enhancement of two orders of magnitude near the symmetry point. Excellent quantitative agreement with theory across a wide range of sample parameters allows us to obtain an absolute measure of all relevant spin-orbit terms, identifying beta(3) as the main SU(2)-violating term in our samples. The tunable suppression of spin relaxation demonstrated in this work is well suited for application to spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Koralek
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Koralek JD, Douglas JF, Plumb NC, Griffith JD, Cundiff ST, Kapteyn HC, Murnane MM, Dessau DS. Experimental setup for low-energy laser-based angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:053905. [PMID: 17552839 DOI: 10.1063/1.2722413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A laser-based angle resolved photoemission (ARPES) system utilizing 6 eV photons from the fourth harmonic of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire oscillator is described. This light source greatly increases the momentum resolution and photoelectron count rate, while reducing extrinsic background and surface sensitivity relative to higher energy light sources. In this review, the optical system is described, and special experimental considerations for low-energy ARPES are discussed. The calibration of the hemispherical electron analyzer for good low-energy angle-mode performance is also described. Finally, data from the heavily studied high T(c) superconductor Bi(2)Sr(2)CaCu(2)O(8+delta) (Bi2212) is compared to the results from higher photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Koralek
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0390, USA
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Koralek JD, Douglas JF, Plumb NC, Sun Z, Fedorov AV, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Cundiff ST, Aiura Y, Oka K, Eisaki H, Dessau DS. Laser based angle-resolved photoemission, the sudden approximation, and quasiparticle-like spectral peaks in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta). Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:017005. [PMID: 16486502 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.017005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new low photon energy regime of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is accessed with lasers and used to study the high T(C) superconductor Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta). The low energy increases bulk sensitivity, reduces background, and improves resolution. With this we observe spectral peaks which are sharp on the scale of their binding energy--the clearest evidence yet for quasiparticles in the normal state. Crucial aspects of the data such as the dispersion, superconducting gaps, and the bosonic coupling kink are found to be robust to a possible breakdown of the sudden approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Koralek
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0390, USA.
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