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Li S, Lu L, Bhattacharyya S, Pearce C, Li K, Nienhuis ET, Doumy G, Schaller RD, Moeller S, Lin MF, Dakovski G, Hoffman DJ, Garratt D, Larsen KA, Koralek JD, Hampton CY, Cesar D, Duris J, Zhang Z, Sudar N, Cryan JP, Marinelli A, Li X, Inhester L, Santra R, Young L. Attosecond-pump attosecond-probe x-ray spectroscopy of liquid water. Science 2024; 383:1118-1122. [PMID: 38359104 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have long been sought as the most straightforward method for observing electron dynamics in real time. Although there has been much success with overlapped near-infrared femtosecond and extreme ultraviolet attosecond pulses combined with theory, true attosecond-pump/attosecond-probe experiments have been limited. We used a synchronized attosecond x-ray pulse pair from an x-ray free-electron laser to study the electronic response to valence ionization in liquid water through all x-ray attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (AX-ATAS). Our analysis showed that the AX-ATAS response is confined to the subfemtosecond timescale, eliminating any hydrogen atom motion and demonstrating experimentally that the 1b1 splitting in the x-ray emission spectrum is related to dynamics and is not evidence of two structural motifs in ambient liquid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Lixin Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Swarnendu Bhattacharyya
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolyn Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Gilles Doumy
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - R D Schaller
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - S Moeller
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - M-F Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - G Dakovski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D J Hoffman
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Garratt
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Kirk A Larsen
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - J D Koralek
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - C Y Hampton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - D Cesar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Z Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Sudar
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ludger Inhester
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robin Santra
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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