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Huang HT, Lo IW, Lin YC, Geng-You L, Lin YS, Zhang LJ, Li TL, Liaw CC, Kuo YH. Kaguacidine A: a novel spirohydantoin-containing cucurbitane glycoside from vines of Momordica charantia L. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-8. [PMID: 36606546 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2164278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The spirohydantoin-containing cucurbitane-type triterpenoid, kaguacidine A (1), was isolated and purified from 95% ethanol extract of vines of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Its unprecedented chemical structure, a spirohydantoin substituent at C-23 of cucurbitane, was elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HRESIMS, IR, optical rotation, 1 D- and 2 D-NMR spectra. The possible biosynthetic pathway is deduced and may be attributed to the metabolic activity of microbial symbionts in M. charantia L. Compound 1 was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity against LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells and anti-proliferative activity against four cancer cell lines, including HEp-2, MCF-7, Hep-G2, and WiDr. Compound 1 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 value of 18.5 ± 0.4 μg/mL and weak anti-proliferative activity against MCF-7, HEp-2, Hep-G2, and WiDr with IC50 values of >40, 33.8 ± 0.6, 31.0 ± 0.7, and 27.0 ± 0.7 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Tse Huang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liao Geng-You
- School of Medicine, Institute of Physiology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Sheng Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Zhang
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Liaw CC, Lo IW, Lin YC, Huang HT, Zhang LJ, Hsiao PC, Li TL, Kuo YH. Four cucurbitane glycosides taimordisins A–D with novel furopyranone skeletons isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia. Food Chem X 2022; 14:100286. [PMID: 35330883 PMCID: PMC8938282 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids glycosides were isolated from the fresh fruit of Momordica charantia and determined by NMR, HRESIMS, and biosynthesis. Taimordisins A and B possess rare bicyclic-fused and trifuso-centro-fused ring systems at side chain of the cucurbitane-type triterpenoids at the first time. Taimordisins A-D showed the inhibition of NO production by LPS-stimulated in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.
Four novel triterpene glycosides, taimordisins A–D (1–4), were discovered from fresh fruits of Taiwanese Momordica charantia. The chemical framework and relative stereochemistry of these four natural products were isolated, purified, and determined by using various separation and spectroscopy techniques. Each of them features a unique bicyclic-fused or trifuso-centro-fused ring system. Notably, 1 and 2 are cucurbitane-based compounds possessing a new C-24 and C-2″ carbon–carbon linkage with 5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one and 6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-4H-pyran-3,4,4-triol units, respectively, and represented an unprecedented molecular skeleton. In terms of biosynthesis, they all originate from a common precursor 3-hydroxycucurbita-5,24-dien-19-al-7,23-di-O-β-glucopyranoside. Of two sugar moieties, the one at 23-O-β-glucopyranoside grants each individual congener uniqueness likely through microbial symbiont-mediated intramolecular transformation into two major types of furo[2,3-b]pyranone and furo[3,2-c]pyranone derivatives. These new products possess desirable anti-inflammatory biological activities in addition to being generally regarded as safe.
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Perez JL, Shivanagoudra SR, Perera WH, Kim DM, Wu CS, Sun Y, Jayaprakasha G, Patil BS. Bitter melon extracts and cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides antagonize lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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AkyÜz E, TÜrkoĞlu S, SÖzgen BaŞkan K, TÜtem E, Apak MR. Comparison of antioxidant capacities and antioxidant components of commercial bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) products. Turk J Chem 2021; 44:1663-1673. [PMID: 33488261 PMCID: PMC7763123 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2007-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the total phenolic contents and total antioxidant capacities of some commercial bitter melon products (powder, packaged powder, capsule, paste in olive oil), and of unripe and ripe fruits were determined by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. The total antioxidant capacities of unripe and ripe bitter melon samples, determined by using the CUPRAC (cupric reducing antioxidant capacity assay) and ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazolin-6-sulfonic acid))/HRP (horseradish peroxidase) methods, were 42.5 and 36.3 µmol TRE (Trolox equivalent) g–1, and 8.7 and 7.0 µmol TRE g–1, respectively. The TAC (total antioxidant capacity) order of the studied samples using the same 2 methods were determined as follows: capsule (CUPRAC value, 140.8; ABTS/HRP value, 143.6 µmol TRE g–1) > packaged powder (129.6; 126.1) > powder (52.3; 64.3) > unripe fruit (42.5; 36.3) > paste in olive oil (17.6; 14.4) > ripe fruit (8.7; 7.0). The order of phenolic content was found as follows: unripe fruit (193.2 µmol GAE (gallic acid equivalent) g-1) > capsule (162.0) > packaged powder (160.6) > powder (83.6) > paste in olive oil (38.3) > ripe fruit (14.6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin AkyÜz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Sercan TÜrkoĞlu
- Sem Laboratory Equipments Marketing Industry and Trade Inc., İstanbul Turkey
| | - Kevser SÖzgen BaŞkan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Esma TÜtem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Mustafa Reşat Apak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, İstanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul Turkey
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The Pharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Use of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00219-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Santhosh Kumar J, Ramakrishan M, Seethapathy G, Krishna V, Uma Shaanker R, Ravikanth G. DNA barcoding of Momordica species and assessment of adulteration in Momordica herbal products, an anti-diabetic drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2020.100227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ünal NG, Kozak A, Karakaya S, Oruç N, Barutçuoğlu B, Aktan Ç, Sezak M, Özütemiz AÖ. Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Crude Momordica charantia L. Extract on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid-Induced Colitis Model in Rat and the Bioaccessibility of its Carotenoid Content. J Med Food 2019; 23:641-648. [PMID: 31702423 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L., known as bitter melon (BM), is a plant that belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae. Aims of this study are to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of crude BM extract on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced experimental colitis model in rat. It was also aimed to determine the content and bioaccessibility of carotenoids of BM. BM was purchased from local markets in Izmir, Turkey. Fruits of BM were lyophilized, powdered, and used in the experiment. Carotenoids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. To determine the bioaccessibility of β-carotene, in vitro digestion was performed. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: group A (BM+TNBS), group B (BM), group C (TNBS), and group D (control). BM solution was given 300 mg/(kg·day) for 6 weeks orally. Colitis was induced by 0.25 mL of a solution containing 100 mg/kg 5% (w/v) TNBS in 50% ethanol (w/v) intrarectally after 6 weeks. After sacrification, macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. Myeloperoxidase, cytokines levels (interleukin-17 [IL-17], TNF-alpha, and interleukin-10 [IL-10]) were measured in serum and colonic samples by ELISA test. Institutional Animal Ethics Committee approval was obtained. Total carotenoid content of BM was determined 11.7 mg/g dry weight as β-carotene equivalents. Bioaccessibility of total carotenoids was determined as 2.1% with in vitro digestion. Pretreatment with crude BM extract significantly reduced weight loss, macroscopic, and microscopic colitis damages in colonic samples (P = .000), (P = .015), and (P = .026), respectively. Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 increased significantly in both treatment groups (P = .000). BM is a rich source of carotenoids, but the bioaccessibility of its carotenoids is low. This study displays that BM has protective anti-inflammatory effects on TNBS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Gülşen Ünal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Kozak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sibel Karakaya
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nevin Oruç
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Burcu Barutçuoğlu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Aktan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Beykent, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Sezak
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ömer Özütemiz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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Yue J, Sun Y, Xu J, Cao J, Chen G, Zhang H, Zhang X, Zhao Y. Cucurbitane triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia L. and their anti-hepatic fibrosis and anti-hepatoma activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 157:21-27. [PMID: 30352327 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a popular vegetable and traditional folk medicine, that has been used for hundreds of years. In this study, three undescribed cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides furpyronecucurbitane A, goyaglycoside I and charantagenin F along with nine known compounds were isolated from the immature fruit of Momordica charantia L. Their structures were identified on the basis of extensive 1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectroscopy analysis. All isolated compounds were examined for their anti-hepatic fibrosis activity against murine hepatic stellate cells (t-HSC/Cl-6) and anti-hepatoma activity against two kinds of liver cancer cell lines (HepG2 and Hep3B). Among them, karaviloside III exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against activated t-HSC/Cl-6 cells and cytotoxic activity against Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines with IC50 values of 3.74 ± 0.13, 16.68 ± 2.07 and 4.12 ± 0.36 μM, respectively, which may potential to be developed as a chemotherapy agent for treatment hepatic fibrosis or carcinoma and protection against both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Yue
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixing Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhang
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Jia S, Shen M, Zhang F, Xie J. Recent Advances in Momordica charantia: Functional Components and Biological Activities. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2555. [PMID: 29182587 PMCID: PMC5751158 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia L. (M. charantia), a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus, and its fruit has been used as a vegetable for thousands of years. Phytochemicals including proteins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, triterpenes, saponins, ascorbic acid and steroids have been found in this plant. Various biological activities of M. charantia have been reported, such as antihyperglycemic, antibacterial, antiviral, antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anthelmintic, antimutagenic, antiulcer, antilipolytic, antifertility, hepatoprotective, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, both in vitro and in vivo studies have also demonstrated that M. charantia may also exert toxic or adverse effects under different conditions. This review addresses the chemical constituents of M. charantia and discusses their pharmacological activities as well as their adverse effects, aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the phytochemistry and biological activities of M. charantia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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Fachinan R, Yessoufou A, Nekoua MP, Moutairou K. Effectiveness of Antihyperglycemic Effect of Momordica charantia: Implication of T-Cell Cytokines. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:3707046. [PMID: 29317893 PMCID: PMC5727634 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3707046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE We investigate the effect of antidiabetic Momordica charantia fruit juice on T cells' differentiation, through plasmatic cytokine quantification in type 1 diabetic rats (T1D). METHODS Male Wistar rats were rendered diabetic by the injection of five low doses of streptozotocin. Then, animals were treated with Momordica charantia fruit juice for 28 consecutive days. Plasmatic levels of Th1 interleukin- (IL-) 02 and interferon- (IFN-) γ, Th2 (IL-4), and regulatory (IL-10) cytokines were determined in rats. RESULTS We observed that fruit juice induced a significant decrease in blood glucose of T1D rats. Besides, the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ significantly increased while those of IL-4 and IL-10 diminished in diabetic rats compared to control animals. Interestingly, after treatment with Momordica charantia fruit juice, IL-4 and IL-10 levels significantly increased in diabetic rats, while IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations decreased, suggesting a Th2 phenotype in these animals. Phytochemical analysis of the fruit juice revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and coumarins, compounds which possess antioxidant activity. CONCLUSION This study shows that Momordica charantia fruit juice, by lowering the hyperglycemia, induced a shift of proinflammatory Th1 phenotype in T1D rats towards a favorable anti-inflammatory Th2 status. These effects might be due to the presence of antioxidant compounds in the juice and confirms the use of this plant in the treatment of autoimmune type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufine Fachinan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Akadiri Yessoufou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Magloire Pandoua Nekoua
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
| | - Kabirou Moutairou
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology (FAST) and Institute of Applied Biomedical Sciences (ISBA), University of Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 918 Cotonou, Benin
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Wang S, Li Z, Yang G, Ho CT, Li S. Momordica charantia: a popular health-promoting vegetable with multifunctionality. Food Funct 2017; 8:1749-1762. [PMID: 28474032 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01812b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Products derived from edible medicinal plants have been used for centuries to prevent, treat, and even cure multiple diseases. Momordica charantia L., widely cultivated around the world, is a typical one bred for vegetables and medicinal usage. All parts of M. charantia possess important medicinal properties, including antidiabetic, anticancer, hypotensive, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulatory, anthelmintic, neuro-protective, as well as hepato-protective properties both in vitro and in vivo. This review summarizes the active components and medicinal properties of M. charantia, especially the activities and mechanisms of its anti-diabetic and anti-cancer properties. The anti-diabetic properties involve inhibiting intestinal α-glucosidase and glucose transport, protecting islet β-cells, enhancing insulin secretion, increasing hepatic glucose disposal, decreasing gluconeogenesis, and even ameliorating insulin resistance. Moreover, the expressions of PPARs could also be activated and up-regulated. Meanwhile, its anticancer properties are mostly due to apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and expression of serum factors associated with immunity. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of M. charantia and its benefits for development as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhen Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Life Science, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei Province, China.
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Zhang F, Lin L, Xie J. A mini-review of chemical and biological properties of polysaccharides from Momordica charantia. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 92:246-253. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Lu HY, Lin BF. Wild bitter melon alleviates dextran sulphate sodium-induced murine colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses and enhancing intestinal regulatory T cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Lu KH, Tseng HC, Liu CT, Huang CJ, Chyuan JH, Sheen LY. Wild bitter gourd protects against alcoholic fatty liver in mice by attenuating oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Food Funct 2014; 5:1027-37. [PMID: 24664243 DOI: 10.1039/c3fo60449g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a common vegetable grown widely in Asia that is used as a traditional medicine. The objective of this study was to investigate whether wild bitter gourd possessed protective effects against chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed an alcohol-containing liquid diet for 4 weeks to induce alcoholic fatty liver. Meanwhile, mice were treated with ethanol extracts from four different wild bitter gourd cultivars: Hualien No. 1', Hualien No. 2', Hualien No. 3' and Hualien No. 4'. The results indicated that the daily administration of 500 mg kg body weight(-1) of a Hualien No. 3' extract (H3E) or a Hualien No. 4' extract (H4E) markedly reduced the steatotic alternation of liver histopathology. In addition, the activation of serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) and the accumulation of hepatic TG content caused by alcohol were ameliorated. The hepatoprotective effects of H3E and H4E involved the enhancement of the antioxidant defence system (GSH, GPx, GRd, CAT and SOD), inhibition of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in the liver. Moreover, H3E and H4E supplementation suppressed the alcohol-induced elevation of CYP2E1, SREBP-1, FAS and ACC protein expression. These results demonstrated that ethanol extracts of Hualien No. 3' and Hualien No. 4' have beneficial effects against alcoholic fatty liver, in which they attenuate oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hung Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, Taiwan 10617.
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Sagkan RI. An in vitro study on the risk of non-allergic type-I like hypersensitivity to Momordica charantia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:284. [PMID: 24160670 PMCID: PMC3827325 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Momordica charantia (MC) is a tropical plant that is extensively used in folk medicine. However, the knowledge about side effects of this plant is relatively little according to knowledge about its therapeutic effects. The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of non-allergic type-I like hypersensitivity to MC by an experiment which was designed in vitro. METHODS In the present study, the expression of CD63 and CD203c on peripheral blood basophils against different dilutions of MC extracts was measured using flow cytometry and compared with one another. In addition to this, intra-assay CV's of testing extracts were calculated for precision on reproducibility of test results. RESULTS It was observed that the fruit extract of MC at 1/100 and 1/1000 dilutions significantly increased active basophils compared to same extract at 1/10000 dilution. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, Momordica charantia may elicit a non-allergic type-I like hypersensitivity reaction in especially susceptible individuals.
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Chipps ES, Jayini R, Ando S, Protzman AD, Muhi MZ, Mottaleb MA, Malkawi A, Islam MR. Cytotoxicity Analysis of Active Components in Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) Seed Extracts Using Human Embryonic Kidney and Colon Tumor Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1200700926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) seed extracts (BMSE) have been used as traditional medicine for treating various ailments, although in many cases, the active component(s) are unidentified. In this study, bitter melon seeds were extracted in water, ethanol, or ethanol: water (1:1). The aqueous seed extracts (BMSE-W) exhibited marked cytotoxicity towards human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) and human colon tumor 116 (HCT116) cells. The activity in BMSE-W was unaffected by heat and proteinases treatments, and eluted in the total volume of size-exclusion HPLC, suggesting the small, organic nature of the active component(s). Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometic (GC-MS) analysis of the HPLC fractions identified methoxy-phenyl oxime (MPO) as a major active component. Acetophenone oxime, a commercially available structural homolog of MPO, demonstrated cytotoxicity comparable with that of the BMSE-W. The oxime functional group was found to be critical for activity. Increased poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and β-actin cleavage, and chromatin condensation observed in treated cells suggested apoptosis as a plausible cause for the cytotoxicity. This study, for the first time, identified a cytotoxic oxime in BMSE-W.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Chipps
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - Renuka Jayini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - Shoko Ando
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - April D. Protzman
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - M. Zubayed Muhi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - M. Abdul Mottaleb
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - Ahmed Malkawi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
| | - M. Rafiq Islam
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Northwest Missouri State University, 800 University Drive, Maryville, MO 64468, USA
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Nhiem NX, Yen PH, Ngan NTT, Quang TH, Kiem PV, Minh CV, Tai BH, Cuong NX, Song SB, Kim YH. Inhibition of nuclear transcription factor-κB and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in HepG2 cells by cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides from Momordica charantia. J Med Food 2012; 15:369-77. [PMID: 22248180 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Momordica charantia is used to treat various diseases, including inflammatory conditions. Previous reports indicated that the extract of this plant inhibits activation of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) but activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Additionally, cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides are the main bioactive components of the fruit of M. charantia. Therefore, we investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of 17 cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides (1-17) isolated from this plant. Their inhibition of NF-κB and activation of PPAR activities in HepG2 cells were measured using luciferase reporter and PPAR subtype transactivation assays. Compounds 6 and 8 were found to inhibit NF-κB activation stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) in a dose-dependent manner. With 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) values of 0.4 μM, compounds 6 and 8 were more potent inhibitors than the positive control, sulfasalazine (IC(50)=0.9 μM). Compounds 4, 6, and 8 also inhibited TNFα-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA. However, only compound 13 significantly increased PPARγ transactivation.
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Carr KE, Smyth SH, McCullough MT, Morris JF, Moyes SM. Morphological aspects of interactions between microparticles and mammalian cells: intestinal uptake and onward movement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 46:185-252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proghi.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Nerurkar PV, Johns LM, Buesa LM, Kipyakwai G, Volper E, Sato R, Shah P, Feher D, Williams PG, Nerurkar VR. Momordica charantia (bitter melon) attenuates high-fat diet-associated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2011; 8:64. [PMID: 21639917 PMCID: PMC3129574 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rising epidemic of obesity is associated with cognitive decline and is considered as one of the major risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a critical component in the progression of several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. Increased metabolic flux to the brain during overnutrition and obesity can orchestrate stress response, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, recruitment of inflammatory immune cells from peripheral blood and microglial cells activation leading to neuroinflammation. The lack of an effective treatment for obesity-associated brain dysfunction may have far-reaching public health ramifications, urgently necessitating the identification of appropriate preventive and therapeutic strategies. The objective of our study was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of Momordica charantia (bitter melon) on high-fat diet (HFD)-associated BBB disruption, stress and neuroinflammatory cytokines. Methods C57BL/6 female mice were fed HFD with and without bitter melon (BM) for 16 weeks. BBB disruption was analyzed using Evans blue dye. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) perfused brains were analyzed for neuroinflammatory markers such as interleukin-22 (IL-22), IL-17R, IL-16, NF-κB1, and glial cells activation markers such as Iba1, CD11b, GFAP and S100β. Additionally, antioxidant enzymes, ER-stress proteins, and stress-resistant transcription factors, sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) and forkhead box class O transcription factor (FoxO) were analyzed using microarray, quantitative real-time RT-PCR, western immunoblotting and enzymatic assays. Systemic inflammation was analyzed using cytokine antibody array. Results BM ameliorated HFD-associated changes in BBB permeability as evident by reduced leakage of Evans blue dye. HFD-induced glial cells activation and expression of neuroinflammatory markers such as NF-κB1, IL-16, IL-22 as well as IL-17R were normalized in the brains of mice supplemented with BM. Similarly, HFD-induced brain oxidative stress was significantly reduced by BM supplementation with a concomitant reduction in FoxO, normalization of Sirt1 protein expression and up-regulation of Sirt3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, plasma antioxidant enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also normalized in mice fed HFD with BM as compared to HFD-fed mice. Conclusions Functional foods such as BM offer a unique therapeutic strategy to improve obesity-associated peripheral inflammation and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha V Nerurkar
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders and Alternative Medicine, Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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20
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Gadang V, Gilbert W, Hettiararchchy N, Horax R, Katwa L, Devareddy L. Dietary bitter melon seed increases peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene expression in adipose tissue, down-regulates the nuclear factor-κB expression, and alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome. J Med Food 2010; 14:86-93. [PMID: 21128828 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2010.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the extent to which bitter melon seed (BMS) alleviates the symptoms associated with metabolic syndrome and elucidate the mechanism by which BMS exerts beneficial effects. Three-month-old female Zucker rats were assigned to following groups: lean control (L-Ctrl), obese control (O-Ctrl), and obese + BMS (O-BMS). The control groups were fed AIN-93M purified rodent diet, and the O-BMS group was fed AIN-93M diet modified to contain 3.0% (wt/wt) ground BMS for 100 days. After 100 days of treatment, BMS supplementation in the obese rats lowered the total serum cholesterol by 38% and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels by about 52% and increased the ratio of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol to total cholesterol compared to the O-Ctrl group. The percentage of total liver lipids was about 32% lower and serum triglyceride levels were 71% higher in the O-BMS group compared to the O-Ctrl group. Serum glucose levels were significantly lowered partly because of the increase in the serum insulin levels in the BMS-based diet groups. BMS supplementation increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in the white adipose tissue of the obese rats significantly (P < .05) and down-regulated the expression of PPAR-γ, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and interferon-γ mRNA in heart tissue of the obese rats. The findings of this study suggest that BMS improves the serum and liver lipid profiles and serum glucose levels by modulating PPAR-γ gene expression. To our knowledge, this study for the first time shows that BMS exerts cardioprotective effects by down-regulating the NF-κB inflammatory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Gadang
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, USA
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Moyes SM, Morris JF, Carr KE. Macrophages increase microparticle uptake by enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell monolayers. J Anat 2010; 217:740-54. [PMID: 20880316 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Caco-2 cells form an enterocyte-like monolayer that has been used to explore small intestinal microparticle uptake. They are a useful functional model for the investigation of in vivo drug delivery systems and the uptake of particulate environmental pollutants. The aim of this paper was to determine if the previously reported decrease in Caco-2 transepithelial resistance following exposure to macrophages was matched by increased microparticle uptake, especially as macrophage phagocytosis simulates removal of particles from the subepithelial compartment. Caco-2 cells were grown as a monoculture for 21 days on insert membranes. A compartmentalised model involved Caco-2 cells in the upper compartment, with THP-1-derived macrophages adhering to the base of the underlying well, the two cell populations communicating only through the shared culture medium. Caco-2 cells were also cultured in macrophage-conditioned medium and all groups were exposed apically to 2 μm latex particles for 5 or 60 min. Parameters measured were: transepithelial resistance; cytokine levels; cell dimensions and the distribution of nuclei, actin and junctional proteins. Subepithelial particle numbers, defined as those located below the insert membrane, were also counted and were significantly increased in the Caco-2/macrophage model, with over 90% associated with the macrophages. Other changes induced by the presence of macrophages included decreased transepithelial resistance levels, diffuse localisation of some junctional proteins, higher proinflammatory cytokine levels, disorganisation of cell shape and decreased cell height associated with actin reorganisation. Macrophage-conditioned medium produced a smaller transepithelial resistance decrease than the Caco-2/macrophage model and there were few other changes. In conclusion, culture of Caco-2 cells with underlying macrophages produced a lower, less organised epithelium and greater microparticle uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Moyes
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Pitchakarn P, Ogawa K, Suzuki S, Takahashi S, Asamoto M, Chewonarin T, Limtrakul P, Shirai T. Momordica charantia leaf extract suppresses rat prostate cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2234-40. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01669.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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23
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Ono T, Tsuji T, Sakai M, Yukizaki C, Ino H, Akagi I, Hiramatsu K, Matsumoto Y, Sugiura Y, Uto H, Tsubouchi H, Gohda E. Induction of hepatocyte growth factor production in human dermal fibroblasts and their proliferation by the extract of bitter melon pulp. Cytokine 2009; 46:119-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2008] [Revised: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lii CK, Chen HW, Yun WT, Liu KL. Suppressive effects of wild bitter gourd (Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser.) fruit extracts on inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 122:227-233. [PMID: 19330915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) is used to treat various diseases including inflammation. A wild species of bitter gourd, Momordica charantia Linn. var. abbreviata ser. (WBG), is considered to be more potent in disease prevention than is bitter gourd; however, little is known about the biological and physiological characteristics of WBG. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of WBG on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS Among the hot water, 95% ethanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of WBG, the ethanol extract showed the greatest reduction of LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and pro-interleukin-1beta expression. LPS-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression was not affected byWBGextracts. Compared with WBG, extracts from bitter gourd showed a lesser inhibition of LPS-induced events. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further showed that both the hot water and the ethanol extracts of WBG inhibited NF-kappaB activation. Although information is lacking on the bioactive components of WBG, the phenolic compound contents of each extract significantly paralleled its anti-inflammatory ability (r = 0.74, 0.88 and 0.65 for NO, PGE2 and iNOS expression, respectively, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that WBG is beneficial for reducing LPS-induced inflammatory responses by modulating NF-kappaB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
As early as 900 years ago, the Bedouins of the Negev desert were reported to kill a rabid dog, roast its liver and feed it to a dog-bitten person for three to five days according to the size and number of bites [1] . In sixteenth century China, physicians routinely prescribed pills made from the fleas collected from sick cows, which purportedly prevented smallpox. One may dismiss the wisdom of the Bedouins or Chinese but the Nobel laureate, Charles Richet, demonstrated in 1900 that feeding raw meat can cure tuberculous dogs - an approach he termed zomotherapy. Despite historical clues indicating the feasibility of oral vaccination, this particular field is notoriously infamous for the abundance of dead-end leads. Today, most commercial vaccines are delivered by injection, which has the principal limitation that recipients do not like needles. In the last few years, there has been a sharp increase in interest in needle-free vaccine delivery; new data emerges almost daily in the literature. So far, there are very few licensed oral vaccines, but many more vaccine candidates are in development. Vaccines delivered orally have the potential to take immunization to a fundamentally new level. In this review, the authors summarize the recent progress in the area of oral vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/administration & dosage
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Drug Carriers
- Drug Compounding
- Gastrointestinal Tract/immunology
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance
- Immunity, Mucosal
- Vaccination/methods
- Vaccination/trends
- Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Attenuated/chemistry
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Edible/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Edible/chemistry
- Vaccines, Edible/immunology
- Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Inactivated/chemistry
- Vaccines, Inactivated/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmytro S Silin
- Queen's University Belfast, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Medical and Biology Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
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Lans C. Comparison of plants used for skin and stomach problems in Trinidad and Tobago with Asian ethnomedicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2007; 3:3. [PMID: 17207273 PMCID: PMC1781930 DOI: 10.1186/1746-4269-3-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a preliminary evaluation of fifty-eight ethnomedicinal plants used in Trinidad and Tobago for skin problems, stomach problems, pain and internal parasites for safety and possible efficacy. Thirty respondents, ten of whom were male were interviewed from September 1996 to September 2000 on medicinal plant use for health problems. The respondents were obtained by snowball sampling, and were found in thirteen different sites, 12 in Trinidad and one in Tobago. The uses are compared to those current in Asia. Bambusa vulgaris, Bidens alba, Jatropha curcas, Neurolaena lobata, Peperomia rotundifolia and Phyllanthus urinaria are possibly efficacious for stomach problems, pain and internal parasites. Further scientific study of these plants is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- BCICS, University of Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.
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Benoit-Vical F, Grellier P, Abdoulaye A, Moussa I, Ousmane A, Berry A, Ikhiri K, Poupat C. In vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Momordica balsamina alone or in a traditional mixture. Chemotherapy 2006; 52:288-92. [PMID: 17008780 DOI: 10.1159/000095960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the dramatic situation of malaria in Africa, there is an urgent need to find new and cheap drugs, such as herbal medicines. Here we report the study of the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of Momordica balsamina alone or in a traditional mixture used in Niger. METHODS Extracts were obtained with different solvents and tested in vitro on Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo on Plasmodium vinckei. RESULTS The best extracts are methanolic and present promising results in vivo by intraperitoneal and oral administration. CONCLUSION The antimalarial activity of M. balsamina, traditionally used in Niger, is confirmed in vitro and in vivo without any toxicity in healthy mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Benoit-Vical
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination du CNRS, UPR8241, Toulouse, France.
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Kobori M, Amemiya J, Sakai M, Shiraki M, Sugishita H, Sakaue N, Hoshi Y, Yukizaki C. Bitter Gourd Induces Apoptosis in HL60 Human Leukemia Cells and Suppresses the Production of Inflammatory Cytokine in RAW264.7 Macrophage Like Cells. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2006. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.53.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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MANABE M, ISOBE Y. Suppressing Effects of Feijoa sellowiana Berg (Feijoa) on Cytokine Secretion by Intestinal Epithelium. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2005. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.11.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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