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Takyu Y, Asamura T, Okamoto A, Maeda H, Takeuchi M, Kusumoto KI, Katase T, Ishida H, Tanaka M, Yamagata Y. A novel milk-clotting enzyme from Aspergillus oryzae and A. luchuensis is an aspartic endopeptidase PepE presumed to be a vacuolar enzyme. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:413-422. [PMID: 35025981 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 has 11 aspartic endopeptidase genes. We searched for milk-clotting enzymes based on the homology of the deduced amino acid sequence with chymosins. As a result, we identified a milk-clotting enzyme in A. oryzae. We expected other Aspergillus species to have a homologous enzyme with milk-clotting activity, and we found the most homologous aspartic endopeptidase from A. luchuensis had milk-clotting activity. Surprisingly, 2 enzymes were considered as vacuole enzymes according to a study on A. niger proteases. The 2 enzymes from A. oryzae and A. luchuensis cleaved a peptide between the 105Phe-106Met bond in κ-casein, similar to chymosin. Although both enzymes showed proteolytic activity using casein as a substrate, the optimum pH values for milk-clotting and proteolytic activities were different. Furthermore, the substrate specificities were highly restricted. Therefore, we expected that the Japanese traditional fermentation agent, koji, could be used as an enzyme source for cheese production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Takyu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Asamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michio Takeuchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ich Kusumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Osaka University, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | - Mizuki Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Youhei Yamagata
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Yoshimura Y, Kobayashi Y, Kawaguchi T, Tani S. Improvement of cellulosic biomass-degrading enzyme production by reducing extracellular protease production in <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i>. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2022; 68:143-150. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yuri Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Takashi Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Shuji Tani
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University
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Comparative systems analysis of the secretome of the opportunistic pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus and other Aspergillus species. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6617. [PMID: 29700415 PMCID: PMC5919931 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus and multiple other Aspergillus species cause a wide range of lung infections, collectively termed aspergillosis. Aspergilli are ubiquitous in environment with healthy immune systems routinely eliminating inhaled conidia, however, Aspergilli can become an opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised patients. The aspergillosis mortality rate and emergence of drug-resistance reveals an urgent need to identify novel targets. Secreted and cell membrane proteins play a critical role in fungal-host interactions and pathogenesis. Using a computational pipeline integrating data from high-throughput experiments and bioinformatic predictions, we have identified secreted and cell membrane proteins in ten Aspergillus species known to cause aspergillosis. Small secreted and effector-like proteins similar to agents of fungal-plant pathogenesis were also identified within each secretome. A comparison with humans revealed that at least 70% of Aspergillus secretomes have no sequence similarity with the human proteome. An analysis of antigenic qualities of Aspergillus proteins revealed that the secretome is significantly more antigenic than cell membrane proteins or the complete proteome. Finally, overlaying an expression dataset, four A. fumigatus proteins upregulated during infection and with available structures, were found to be structurally similar to known drug target proteins in other organisms, and were able to dock in silico with the respective drug.
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Proteomics as a Tool to Identify New Targets Against Aspergillus and Scedosporium in the Context of Cystic Fibrosis. Mycopathologia 2017; 183:273-289. [PMID: 28484941 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-017-0139-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that increases the risk of suffering microbial, including fungal, infections. In this paper, proteomics-based information was collated relating to secreted and cell wall proteins with potential medical applications from the most common filamentous fungi in CF, i.e., Aspergillus and Scedosporium/Lomentospora species. Among the Aspergillus fumigatus secreted allergens, β-1,3-endoglucanase, the alkaline protease 1 (Alp1/oryzin), Asp f 2, Asp f 13/15, chitinase, chitosanase, dipeptidyl-peptidase V (DppV), the metalloprotease Asp f 5, mitogillin/Asp f 1, and thioredoxin reductase receive a special mention. In addition, the antigens β-glucosidase 1, catalase, glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase EglC, β-1,3-glucanosyltransferases Gel1 and Gel2, and glutaminase A were also identified in secretomes of other Aspergillus species associated with CF: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus nidulans, and Aspergillus terreus. Regarding cell wall proteins, cytochrome P450 and eEF-3 were proposed as diagnostic targets, and alkaline protease 2 (Alp2), Asp f 3 (putative peroxiredoxin pmp20), probable glycosidases Asp f 9/Crf1 and Crf2, GPI-anchored protein Ecm33, β-1,3-glucanosyltransferase Gel4, conidial hydrophobin Hyp1/RodA, and secreted aspartyl protease Pep2 as protective vaccines in A. fumigatus. On the other hand, for Scedosporium/Lomentospora species, the heat shock protein Hsp70 stands out as a relevant secreted and cell wall antigen. Additionally, the secreted aspartyl proteinase and an ortholog of Asp f 13, as well as the cell wall endo-1,3-β-D-glucosidase and 1,3-β-glucanosyl transferase, were also found to be significant proteins. In conclusion, proteins mentioned in this review may be promising candidates for developing innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools for fungal infections in CF patients.
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Benoit-Gelber I, Gruntjes T, Vinck A, van Veluw JG, Wösten HAB, Boeren S, Vervoort JJM, de Vries RP. Mixed colonies of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae cooperatively degrading wheat bran. Fungal Genet Biol 2017; 102:31-37. [PMID: 28232095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In both natural and man-made environments, microorganisms live in mixed populations, while in laboratory conditions monocultures are mainly used. Microbial interactions are often described as antagonistic, but can also be neutral or cooperative, and are generally associated with a metabolic change of each partner and cause a change in the pattern of produced bioactive molecules. A. niger and A. oryzae are two filamentous fungi widely used in industry to produce various enzymes (e.g. pectinases, amylases) and metabolites (e.g. citric acid). The co-cultivation of these two fungi in wheat bran showed an equal distribution of the two strains forming mixed colonies with a broad range of carbohydrate active enzymes produced. This stable mixed microbial system seems suitable for subsequent commercial processes such as enzyme production. XlnR knock-out strains for both aspergilli were used to study the influence of plant cell wall degrading enzyme production on the fitness of the mixed culture. Microscopic observation correlated with quantitative PCR and proteomic data suggest that the XlnR Knock-out strain benefit from the release of sugars by the wild type strain to support its growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Benoit-Gelber
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - T Gruntjes
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Vinck
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J G van Veluw
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - H A B Wösten
- Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S Boeren
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J J M Vervoort
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenlaan 3, 6703 HA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - R P de Vries
- Fungal Physiology, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute and Fungal Molecular Physiology, Utrecht University, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Microbiology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kunitake E, Kawamura A, Tani S, Takenaka S, Ogasawara W, Sumitani JI, Kawaguchi T. Effects of clbR overexpression on enzyme production in Aspergillus aculeatus vary depending on the cellulosic biomass-degrading enzyme species. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 79:488-95. [PMID: 25410617 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.982501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
ClbR is a Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional activator that controls the expression of cellulase-related genes in response to Avicel and cellobiose in Aspergillus aculeatus. A clbR-overexpressing strain (clbR-OE) that expresses the clbR gene at levels sevenfold higher than the control strain sustainably produced xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities during 10-day cultivation of A. aculeatus, enabling synchronization of xylanolytic and cellulolytic activities at a maximum level. However, clbR overexpression did not simultaneously increase levels of all xylanolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. Peptide mass fingerprint analysis revealed markedly increased production of FIa-xylanase in clbR-OE, whereas expression of FIII-avicelase and FII-carboxymethyl cellulase was unaffected and expression of hydrocellulase was lower in clbR-OE than in the control. Northern blot analysis confirmed that these effects of clbR overexpression on enzyme production were mediated at the transcriptional level. These data suggest that ClbR participates in diverse signaling pathways to control the expression of cellulosic biomass-degrading enzymes in A. aculeatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emi Kunitake
- a Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences , Osaka Prefecture University , Osaka , Japan
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Endo A, Kurusu Y. Identification ofin VivoSubstrates of the Chaperonin GroEL fromBacillus subtilis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1073-7. [PMID: 17420574 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We investigated GroEL substrates from Bacillus subtilis 168 using the single-ring mutant of B. subtilis GroEL. We identified 28 candidates for GroEL substrates, of which Spo0B, Ald, Eno, SpoIIP, and FbaA were involved in spore formation, and Rnc, Tuf, Eno, Tsf, and FbaA were essential for B. subtilis growth. As observed at the protein level, the amount of SpoIIP interaction with GroEL increased at 3 h after initiation of sporulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Endo
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
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Enzymatic Properties of the Recombinant Serine-Type Carboxypeptidase OcpC, Which Is Unique toAspergillus oryzae. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:662-8. [PMID: 21512241 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Umemura M, Koike H, Yamane N, Koyama Y, Satou Y, Kikuzato I, Teruya M, Tsukahara M, Imada Y, Wachi Y, Miwa Y, Yano S, Tamano K, Kawarabayasi Y, Fujimori KE, Machida M, Hirano T. Comparative genome analysis between Aspergillus oryzae strains reveals close relationship between sites of mutation localization and regions of highly divergent genes among Aspergillus species. DNA Res 2012; 19:375-82. [PMID: 22912434 PMCID: PMC3473370 DOI: 10.1093/dnares/dss019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus oryzae has been utilized for over 1000 years in Japan for the production of various traditional foods, and a large number of A. oryzae strains have been isolated and/or selected for the effective fermentation of food ingredients. Characteristics of genetic alterations among the strains used are of particular interest in studies of A. oryzae. Here, we have sequenced the whole genome of an industrial fungal isolate, A. oryzae RIB326, by using a next-generation sequencing system and compared the data with those of A. oryzae RIB40, a wild-type strain sequenced in 2005. The aim of this study was to evaluate the mutation pressure on the non-syntenic blocks (NSBs) of the genome, which were previously identified through comparative genomic analysis of A. oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Aspergillus nidulans. We found that genes within the NSBs of RIB326 accumulate mutations more frequently than those within the SBs, regardless of their distance from the telomeres or of their expression level. Our findings suggest that the high mutation frequency of NSBs might contribute to maintaining the diversity of the A. oryzae genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myco Umemura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Higashi-Nijo 17-2-1, Tsukisamu, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan
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Molecular cloning of ocpO encoding carboxypeptidase O of Aspergillus oryzae IAM2640. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010; 74:1000-6. [PMID: 20460731 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Carboxypeptidase O from Aspergillus oryzae IAM2640 is a serine-type carboxypeptidase. In this study, we cloned and sequenced cDNA and genomic DNA carrying ocpO encoding carboxypeptidase O. The results showed that the length of ocpO was 1,816 bp, and the open reading frame encoded a putative preproenzyme composed of 472 amino acid residues of the mature carboxypeptidase O and an additional N-terminal sequence of 50 amino acid residues. A BLASTN search revealed that a gene, AO090020000351, in A. oryzae RIB40, which is strain used in genome-wide sequencing, is a homolog of ocpO. The difference between AO090020000351 and ocpO was only one nucleotide. The difference caused substitution of Ala for Pro at the 277th position of the enzyme; therefore the protein encoded by AO090020000351 was overproduced and purified. The purified protein showed enzymatic properties similar to carboxypeptidase O, indicating that carboxypeptidase O and protease encoded by AO090020000351 are same enzyme.
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A food-grade enzyme preparation with modest gluten detoxification properties. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6313. [PMID: 19621078 PMCID: PMC2708912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Celiac sprue is a life-long disease characterized by an intestinal inflammatory response to dietary gluten. A gluten-free diet is an effective treatment for most patients, but accidental ingestion of gluten is common, leading to incomplete recovery or relapse. Food-grade proteases capable of detoxifying moderate quantities of dietary gluten could mitigate this problem. METHODS We evaluated the gluten detoxification properties of two food-grade enzymes, aspergillopepsin (ASP) from Aspergillus niger and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) from Aspergillus oryzae. The ability of each enzyme to hydrolyze gluten was tested against synthetic gluten peptides, a recombinant gluten protein, and simulated gastric digests of whole gluten and whole-wheat bread. Reaction products were analyzed by mass spectrometry, HPLC, ELISA with a monoclonal antibody that recognizes an immunodominant gluten epitope, and a T cell proliferation assay. RESULTS ASP markedly enhanced gluten digestion relative to pepsin, and cleaved recombinant alpha2-gliadin at multiple sites in a non-specific manner. When used alone, neither ASP nor DPPIV efficiently cleaved synthetic immunotoxic gluten peptides. This lack of specificity for gluten was especially evident in the presence of casein, a competing dietary protein. However, supplementation of ASP with DPPIV enabled detoxification of moderate amounts of gluten in the presence of excess casein and in whole-wheat bread. ASP was also effective at enhancing the gluten-detoxifying efficacy of cysteine endoprotease EP-B2 under simulated gastric conditions. CONCLUSIONS Clinical studies are warranted to evaluate whether a fixed dose ratio combination of ASP and DPPIV can provide near-term relief for celiac patients suffering from inadvertent gluten exposure. Due to its markedly greater hydrolytic activity against gluten than endogenous pepsin, food-grade ASP may also augment the activity of therapeutically relevant doses of glutenases such as EP-B2 and certain prolyl endopeptidases.
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Morita H, Okamoto A, Yamagata Y, Kusumoto KI, Koide Y, Ishida H, Takeuchi M. Heterologous expression and characterization of CpI, OcpA, and novel serine-type carboxypeptidase OcpB from Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 85:335-46. [PMID: 19557408 PMCID: PMC2773364 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In the genome of Aspergillus oryzae, 12 genes have been predicted to encode serine-type carboxypeptidases. However, the carboxypeptidase activities of the proteins encoded by these genes have not yet been confirmed experimentally. In this study, we have constructed three of these 12 genes overexpressing strains using Aspergillus nidulans and characterized their overproduced recombinant proteins. Of these three genes, one was previously named cpI; the other two have not been reported yet, and hence, we named them ocpA and ocpB. The recombinant proteins released amino acid residues from the C terminus of peptides, and the activity of the enzymes was inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, indicating the enzymes to be serine-type carboxypeptidases. Recombinant OcpA, OcpB, and CpI were stable at 45°C, 55°C, and 55°C, respectively, at a low pH. The enzymatic properties of recombinant OcpB were different from those of any reported serine-type carboxypeptidase. On the other hand, recombinant OcpA had similar enzymatic properties to A. oryzae carboxypeptidases O1 and O2. The DNA and N-terminal amino acid sequences of carboxypeptidases O1 and O2 from A. oryzae IAM2640 were similar to those of OcpA. Result of transcriptional analysis of ocpA, ocpB, and cpI suggest differences in transcriptional regulation between these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Morita
- Department of Agriscience and Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Krishnan S, Manavathu EK, Chandrasekar PH. Aspergillus flavus: an emerging non-fumigatus Aspergillus species of significance. Mycoses 2009; 52:206-22. [PMID: 19207851 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Invasive aspergillosis is rare in immunocompetent people but contributes to significant morbidity and mortality in immunosuppressed patients. The majority (approximately 80%) of invasive Aspergillus infections is caused by Aspergillus fumigatus. The second most frequent (approximately 15-20%) pathogenic species is Aspergillus flavus and to a lesser extent, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus terreus. Aspergillus flavus has emerged as a predominant pathogen in patients with fungal sinusitis and fungal keratitis in several institutions worldwide. To date, there has not been any publication exclusively reviewing the topic of A. flavus in the literature. This article reviews the microbiology, toxigenicity and epidemiology of A. flavus as well as describes the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and management of infections caused by this organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suganthini Krishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University, John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
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14
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Josic D, Kovač S. Application of proteomics in biotechnology – Microbial proteomics. Biotechnol J 2008; 3:496-509. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.200700234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Abstract
Filamentous fungi have been recognized as extraordinary producers of secreted proteins and are known to produce novel proteins and enzymes through dispensable metabolic pathways. Here, methods are described for the isolation and enrichment of samples of secreted proteins from cultures of filamentous fungi for analysis by gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry techniques. These methods can be readily applied to the study of differential protein expression and secretion and metabolic pathways in filamentous fungi by proteomic approaches.
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Jin FJ, Watanabe T, Juvvadi PR, Maruyama JI, Arioka M, Kitamoto K. Double disruption of the proteinase genes, tppA and pepE, increases the production level of human lysozyme by Aspergillus oryzae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 76:1059-68. [PMID: 17622525 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-007-1088-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2007] [Revised: 06/09/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of proteinase gene disruption on heterologous protein production by Aspergillus oryzae. The human lysozyme (HLY) was selected for recombinant production as a model for the heterologous protein. A tandem HLY construct fused with alpha-amylase (AmyB) was expressed by A. oryzae in which the Kex2 cleavage site was inserted at the upstream of HLY. HLY was successfully processed from AmyB and produced in the medium. We performed a systematic disruption analysis of five proteinase genes (pepA, pepE, alpA, tppA, and palB) in the HLY-producing strain with the adeA selectable marker. Comparative analysis indicated that disruption of the tppA gene encoding a tripeptidyl peptidase resulted in the highest increase (36%) in the HLY production. We further deleted the tppA gene in the pepE or palB disruptant with another selectable marker, argB. Consequently, a double disruption of the tppA and pepE genes led to a 63% increase in the HLY production compared to the control strain. This is the first study to report that the double disruption of the tppA and pepE genes improved the production level of a heterologous protein by filamentous fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jie Jin
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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17
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Morita H, Hatamoto O, Masuda T, Sato T, Takeuchi M. Function analysis of steA homolog in Aspergillus oryzae. Fungal Genet Biol 2007; 44:330-8. [PMID: 17178246 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2006.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2006] [Revised: 10/27/2006] [Accepted: 10/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The asexual ascomycete Aspergillus oryzae has an steA homolog in its genome. The steA homolog of A. oryzae was transcribed in the wild-type strain but steA disruption did not affect the phenotype of the disruptant strain. On the other hand, the steA-overexpressing strain showed the restriction of vegetative hyphal growth and conidiation, and the formation of balloon-shaped structures. The restriction of vegetative hyphal growth and conidiation were partially rescued by high osmolarity. In addition, the hyphal growth of the steA-overexpressing strain was inhibited by Calcofluor white, and the strain was found to be sensitive to cell-wall-degrading reagents. Increase of secretory cell-wall-degrading enzymes of the steA-overexpressing strain was detected. These results indicate that SteA regulates cell-wall-degrading enzymes and that the phenotypes of A. oryzae steA-overexpressing strain may be due to cell wall abnormalities. steA may participate in cell wall metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Morita
- Department of Agriscience and Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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Carberry S, Doyle S. Proteomic studies in biomedically and industrially relevant fungi. Cytotechnology 2007; 53:95-100. [PMID: 19003194 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-007-9054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, the proteomic investigation of filamentous fungi has been restrained by difficulties associated with efficient protein extraction and the lack of extensive fungal genome sequence databases. The advent of robust protein extraction and separation technologies, combined with protein mass spectrometry and emerging genome sequence data, is leading to the emergence of extensive new knowledge on the nature of these organisms. In this review, we discuss some recent technological advances and their role in exploring the proteome of Aspergillus spp., along with other biotechnologically relevant fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Carberry
- Department of Biology, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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Adachi T, Tomita M, Shimizu K, Ogawa S, Yoshizato K. Generation of hybrid transgenic silkworms that express Bombyx mori prolyl-hydroxylase alpha-subunits and human collagens in posterior silk glands: Production of cocoons that contained collagens with hydroxylated proline residues. J Biotechnol 2006; 126:205-19. [PMID: 16766075 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2006.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 04/07/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prolyl 4-hydroxylase (P4H) is a heterotetramer enzyme consisting of alpha-subunits (P4Halpha) and beta-subunits (P4Hbeta), and is required for collagen biosynthesis. Previously, we generated transgenic silkworms that produced human type III collagen fragments (mini-collagens) in the posterior silk gland (PSG). However, prolyl 4-hydroxylation did not occur on the mini-collagens, because in spite of an abundant expression of P4Hbeta in PSGs, P4Halpha expression was quite low there, thus resulting in an insufficient activity of P4H. In this study we aimed at generating hybrid transgenic silkworms whose PSGs are capable of producing mini-collagens and enough P4H for their prolyl 4-hydroxylation. Isolated PSGs were bombarded with fibroin L-chain gene promoter-driven vectors containing Bombyx mori P4Halpha (BmP4Halpha) cDNAs and were transplanted into the hemolymphatic cavity. The P4H activity in the PSG cells significantly increased, indicating that the expressed BmP4Halpha formed active tetramers with endogenous BmP4Hbeta. Using germ-line transgenesis technology, silkworms were generated that synthesized BmP4Halpha in PSG cells. The P4H activity in the transgenic silkworms was 130-fold higher than that of wild-type counterparts. Finally, we generated hybrid transgenic silkworms that expressed cDNAs of both BmP4Halpha and mini-collagen in PSG cells. They spun cocoons that contained mini-collagens whose appropriate proline residues had been adequately hydroxylated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Adachi
- Yoshizato Project, Cooperative Link of Unique Science and Technology for Economy Revitalization, Hiroshima Prefectural Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 3-10-32 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0046, Japan
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Nguyen CH, Tsurumizu R, Sato T, Takeuchi M. Taka-amylase A in the conidia of Aspergillus oryzae RIB40. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 69:2035-41. [PMID: 16306682 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.69.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A study of Taka-amylase A of conidia from Aspergillus oryzae RIB40 was done. During the research, proteins from conidia and germinated conidia were analyzed using SDS-PAGE, 2-D gel electrophoresis, Western blot analysis, MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry, and native-PAGE combined with activity staining of TAA. The results showed that TAA exists not only in germinated conidia but also in conidia. Some bands representing degraded products of TAA were detected. Conidia, which formed on starch (SCYA), glucose (DCYA), and glycerol (GCYA) plates, contained mature TAA. Only one active band of TAA was detected after native-PAGE activity staining. In addition, TAA activity was detected in cell extracts of conidia using 0.5 M acetate buffer, pH 5.2, as extraction buffer, but was not detected in whole conidia or cell debris. The results indicate that TAA exists in conidia in active form even when starch, glucose, or glycerol is used as carbon source. TAA might belong to a set of basal proteins inside conidia, which helps in imbibition and germination of conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Ha Nguyen
- Department of Agriscience and Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Japan
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