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Ye F, Wang Y, Wu C, Howatt DA, Wu CH, Balakrishnan A, Mullick AE, Graham MJ, Danser AHJ, Wang J, Daugherty A, Lu HS. Angiotensinogen and Megalin Interactions Contribute to Atherosclerosis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:150-155. [PMID: 30567480 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective- AGT (Angiotensinogen) is the unique precursor of the renin-angiotensin system that is sequentially cleaved by renin and ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) to produce Ang II (angiotensin II). In this study, we determined how these renin-angiotensin components interact with megalin in kidney to promote atherosclerosis. Approach and Results- AGT, renin, ACE, and megalin were present in the renal proximal convoluted tubules of wild-type mice. Hepatocyte-specific AGT deficiency abolished AGT protein accumulation in proximal tubules and diminished Ang II concentrations in kidney, while renin was increased. Megalin was most abundant in kidney and exclusively present on the apical side of proximal tubules. Inhibition of megalin by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) led to ablation of AGT and renin proteins in proximal tubules, while leading to striking increases of urine AGT and renin concentrations, and 70% reduction of renal Ang II concentrations. However, plasma Ang II concentrations were unaffected. To determine whether AGT and megalin interaction contributes to atherosclerosis, we used both male and female low-density lipoprotein receptor-/- mice fed a saturated fat-enriched diet and administered vehicles (PBS or control ASO) or megalin ASO. Inhibition of megalin did not affect plasma cholesterol concentrations, but profoundly reduced atherosclerotic lesion size in both male and female mice. Conclusions- These results reveal a regulatory role of megalin in the intrarenal renin-angiotensin homeostasis and atherogenesis, positing renal Ang II to be an important contributor to atherosclerosis that is mediated through AGT and megalin interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiming Ye
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.).,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Ya Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.).,Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Congqing Wu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Chia-Hua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | | | - Mark J Graham
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA (A.E.M., M.J.G.)
| | | | - Jian'an Wang
- From the Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China (F.Y., Y.W., J.W.)
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
| | - Hong S Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center (F.Y., Y.W., C.W., D.A.H., A.B., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences (C.-H.W., A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington.,Department of Physiology (A.D., H.S.L.) University of Kentucky, Lexington
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Synergistic protective effects of a statin and an angiotensin receptor blocker for initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215604. [PMID: 31050669 PMCID: PMC6499436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Although the atheroprotective effects of statins and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are well-established, little is known about their additive effects, especially during the early period of atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to investigate whether combination of a statin and an ARB exerts synergistic anti-atherosclerotic effects, and to elucidate the mechanisms of combined effects. Methods Atherosclerotic plaques were developed in arteries of 23 rabbits using a high-cholesterol diet (HCD) and intra-arterial balloon inflation. Rabbits received one of five different treatment strategies for 4 weeks: positive control [n = 5, HCD]; negative control [n = 3, regular chow diet]; statin [n = 5, HCD and rosuvastatin 10 mg]; ARB [n = 5, HCD and olmesartan 20 mg]; and combination [n = 5, HCD and statin+ARB]. Results Histological analysis demonstrated that development of atherosclerotic plaques was inhibited more in combination group than in statin group (P = 0.001). Although macrophage infiltration identified by RAM11 staining was not significantly different between combination and individual treatment groups (31.76±4.84% [combination] vs. 38.11±6.53% [statin; P = 0.35] or 35.14±2.87% [ARB; P = 0.62]), the relative proportion of pro-inflammatory M1-macrophages was significantly lower in combination group than in ARB group (3.20±0.47% vs. 5.20±0.78%, P = 0.02). Furthermore, M2-macrophage polarization was higher in combination group than in statin group (17.70±3.04% vs. 7.86±0.68%, P = 0.001). Conclusion Combination treatment with a statin and an ARB produced synergistic protective effects for atherosclerosis initiation and progression, which may be attributed to modulation of macrophage characteristics in the early period of atherosclerosis.
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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Pellegrin M, Bouzourène K, Aubert JF, Nahimana A, Duchosal MA, Mazzolai L. Activation of Bone Marrow-Derived Cells Angiotensin (Ang) II Type 1 Receptor by Ang II Promotes Atherosclerotic Plaque Vulnerability. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092621. [PMID: 30181481 PMCID: PMC6163751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) II triggers vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque development. Bone marrow (BM)-derived cells are key players in atherogenesis but whether Ang II induces plaque vulnerability directly through Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R) activation on these cells remains to be clarified. In the present study, we investigated whether a lack of AT1R on BM-derived cells might affect Ang II-mediated vulnerable plaque development. The 2-kidney, 1-clip (2K1C) model (Ang II-dependent mouse model of advanced atherosclerosis and vulnerable plaques) was generated in ApoE−/− mice transplanted with AT1aR−/− or AT1aR+/+ BM. Plasma cholesterol as well as hepatic mRNA expression levels of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism were significantly lower in 2K1C mice transplanted with AT1aR−/− BM than in controls. Atherosclerotic lesions were significantly smaller in AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice (−79% in the aortic sinus and −71% in whole aorta compared to controls). Plaques from AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice exhibited reduced lipid core/fibrous cap and macrophage/smooth muscle cells ratios (−82% and −88%, respectively), and increased collagen content (+70%), indicating a more stable phenotype. Moreover, aortic mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-12p35, IL-1β, and TNF-α were significantly reduced in AT1aR−/− BM 2K1C mice. No significant differences in either the number of circulating Ly6Chigh inflammatory monocytes and Ly6Clow resident anti-inflammatory monocyte subsets, or in mRNA levels of aortic M1 or M2 macrophage markers were observed between the two groups. No significant differences were observed in splenic mRNA levels of T cell subsets (Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg) markers between the two groups. In conclusion, direct AT1R activation by Ang II on BM-derived cells promotes hepatic mRNA expression of cholesterol-metabolism-related genes and vascular mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines that may lead to plaque instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Pellegrin
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Karima Bouzourène
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Jean-François Aubert
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Aimable Nahimana
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, LABORATORY and Oncology DepartmentS, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michel A Duchosal
- Service and Central Laboratory of Hematology, LABORATORY and Oncology DepartmentS, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Lucia Mazzolai
- Division of Angiology, Heart and Vessel Department, Lausanne University Hospital, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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5
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Eguchi S, Kawai T, Scalia R, Rizzo V. Understanding Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Signaling in Vascular Pathophysiology. Hypertension 2018; 71:804-810. [PMID: 29581215 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Eguchi
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rosario Scalia
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Victor Rizzo
- From the Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
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6
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Honda K, Matoba T, Antoku Y, Koga JI, Ichi I, Nakano K, Tsutsui H, Egashira K. Lipid-Lowering Therapy With Ezetimibe Decreases Spontaneous Atherothrombotic Occlusions in a Rabbit Model of Plaque Erosion: A Role of Serum Oxysterols. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:757-771. [PMID: 29449331 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plaque erosion is increasing its importance as one of the mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes in this statin era. However, the clinical efficacy of currently used lipid-lowering agents in the prevention of thrombotic complications associated with plaque erosion has not been clarified. Therefore, we examined the therapeutic effects of ezetimibe or rosuvastatin monotherapy on spontaneous atherothrombotic occlusion. APPROACH AND RESULTS Femoral arteries of Japanese white rabbits, fed a high-cholesterol diet, were injured by balloon catheter, and then angiotensin II was continuously administrated. In 94% of these arteries, spontaneous thrombotic occlusions were observed after 5 weeks (median) of balloon injury. Histochemical analyses indicated that the injured arteries had similar pathological features to human plaque erosions; (1) spontaneous thrombotic occlusion, (2) lack of endothelial cells, and (3) tissue factor expression in vascular smooth muscle cells. Ezetimibe (1.0 mg/kg per day), but not rosuvastatin (0.6 mg/kg per day), significantly decreased thrombotic occlusion of arteries accompanied with accelerated re-endothelialization and the decreases of serum oxysterols despite the comparable on-treatment serum cholesterol levels. The 7-ketocholesterol inhibited the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Both 7-ketocholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol increased tissue factor expression in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Tissue factor expression was also induced by serum from vehicle- or rosuvastatin-treated rabbits, but the induction was attenuated with serum from ezetimibe-treated rabbits. CONCLUSIONS We have established a novel rabbit model of spontaneous atherothromobotic occlusion without plaque rupture that is feasible to test the therapeutic effects of various pharmacotherapies. Ezetimibe may decrease atherothrombotic complications after superficial plaque erosion by reducing serum oxysterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Honda
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Tetsuya Matoba
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.).
| | - Yoshibumi Antoku
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Jun-Ichiro Koga
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Kaku Nakano
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
| | - Kensuke Egashira
- From the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences (K.H., T.M., Y.A., H.T.) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (J.K., K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; and Graduate School of Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan (I.I.)
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Crowley SD, Rudemiller NP. Immunologic Effects of the Renin-Angiotensin System. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1350-1361. [PMID: 28151411 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) exacerbates renal and vascular injury. Accordingly, treatment with global RAS antagonists attenuates cardiovascular risk and slows the progression of proteinuric kidney disease. By reducing BP, RAS inhibitors limit secondary immune activation responding to hemodynamic injury in the target organ. However, RAS activation in hematopoietic cells has immunologic effects that diverge from those of RAS stimulation in the kidney and vasculature. In preclinical studies, activating type 1 angiotensin (AT1) receptors in T lymphocytes and myeloid cells blunts the polarization of these cells toward proinflammatory phenotypes, protecting the kidney from hypertensive injury and fibrosis. These endogenous functions of immune AT1 receptors temper the pathogenic actions of renal and vascular AT1 receptors during hypertension. By counteracting the effects of AT1 receptor stimulation in the target organ, exogenous administration of AT2 receptor agonists or angiotensin 1-7 analogs may similarly limit inflammatory injury to the heart and kidney. Moreover, although angiotensin II is the classic effector molecule of the RAS, several RAS enzymes affect immune homeostasis independently of canonic angiotensin II generation. Thus, as reviewed here, multiple components of the RAS signaling cascade influence inflammatory cell phenotype and function with unpredictable and context-specific effects on innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nathan P Rudemiller
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Durham Veterans Affairs and Duke University Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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Mahjoub SA, Abdelrhman E, El-Deen MEM, Mustafa MSE, Ali EW. Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism is not associated with vasoocclusive complications of sickle cell anemia. Int J Appl Basic Med Res 2016; 6:267-270. [PMID: 27857895 PMCID: PMC5108104 DOI: 10.4103/2229-516x.192594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is a group of hemoglobin disorders in which the sickle β-globin gene is inherited. It is associated with many complications; most of them are related to thrombotic events. AIM This study aimed to investigate the association between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and complications of SCA. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A case-control study was conducted in Khartoum state. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 50 patients with SCA and 40 healthy volunteers as a control group were enrolled in this study. Three milliliters of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid anticoagulated blood were collected from each subject, DNA was extracted by salting-out method, and target DNA regions of the ACE gene were amplified using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED Data of this study was analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Frequency of qualitative variables was calculated, and correlation was tested by Chi-square test. Regression was used to investigate the association between the polymorphism and complications of SCA. RESULTS The frequencies of the DD, ID, and II genotypes were 42%, 50%, and 8%, respectively, for patients, whereas in the control group, it was 80% for DD genotype and 20% for ID, while II genotype was totally absent. The regression analysis showed no statistically significant association between the disease complications and each of the ACE polymorphic genotypes. CONCLUSION No statistically significant association was found between ACE polymorphism and complications of SCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Abass Mahjoub
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Enaam Abdelrhman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Elshazali Widaa Ali
- Department of Haematology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Al Neelain University, Khartoum, Sudan
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9
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Wang Y, Cheng WL, Wang Y, Peng JP, Yuan J, Chen L, Pan L, Li H, Guo J. Qingre quyu granule stabilizes plaques through inhibiting the expression of tenascin-C in patients with severe carotid stenosis. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 21:339-45. [PMID: 25776840 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-2161-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of Qingre Quyu Granule (QQG) on the patients with severe carotid stenosis, and to explore the mechanism of it. METHODS Ninety-six patients with severe carotid stenosis were enrolled in the study and were classified into a QQG group (n=48) and a control group (n=48) randomly using consecutively numbered envelopes. The patients in the QQG group were given QQG and Western medicine, those in the control group were given Western medicine merely, the course of treatment was 16 weeks. All patients went through endarterectomy after treatment. Plaques were subjected to the analysis of CD3, CD68, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), matrix metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9), CD40L, tenascin-C, and collagen content lipid content by immunohistochemistry or polarized light analysis. RESULTS By the end of experiment, the expressions of CD3, CD68, ICAM-1, MMP9, CD40L and tenascin-C on the plaques were statistically significant lower in the QQG group compared with the control group(P<0.01). The lipid content of the plaque was also significantly lower in the QQG group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The interstitial collagen in the tissue sections of the plaques was also significantly higher in the QQG group in comparison with the control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION QQG could stabilize carotid artery plaques through inhibiting pro-inflammation factors and restraining the tenascin-C and MMP9 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Kutluturk I, Karagöz A, Bezgin T, Oduncu V, Elveran A, Doğan C, Elbay A, Kirma C, Ozertürk Y. Relationship between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and retinal vein occlusion. Thromb J 2014; 12:17. [PMID: 25161389 PMCID: PMC4144314 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). A total of 80 patients with retinal vein occlusion who was admitted to the Eye Department of Kartal Training and Research Hospital between 2008 and 2011, and 80 subjects were enrolled in this retrospective case–control study. Patients who experienced RVO within one week to six months of study enrolment were included, and those with coronary artery diseases, prior myocardial infarction history and coagulation disturbances were excluded from the study. The diagnosis was made by ophthalmoscopic fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the ACE gene was classified into three types: I/I, I/D and D/D. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, ACE D/D genotype (p = 0.035), diabetes-mellitus (p = 0.019) and hypertension (p = 0.001) were found to be independent predictive factors for RVO. The results of the present study reveal that ACE D/D polymorphism is an independent predictive factor for RVO. However, one cannot definitely conclude that ACE gene polymorphism is a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Kutluturk
- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training & Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karagöz
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahir Bezgin
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vecih Oduncu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Elveran
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Doğan
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Elbay
- Pendik State Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevat Kirma
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozertürk
- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training & Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 34846 İstanbul, Turkey
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11
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Trojanowicz B, Ulrich C, Seibert E, Fiedler R, Girndt M. Uremic conditions drive human monocytes to pro-atherogenic differentiation via an angiotensin-dependent mechanism. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102137. [PMID: 25003524 PMCID: PMC4087008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Elevated expression levels of monocytic-ACE have been found in haemodialysis patients. They are not only epidemiologically linked with increased mortality and cardiovascular disease, but may also directly participate in the initial steps of atherosclerosis. To further address this question we tested the role of monocytic-ACE in promotion of atherosclerotic events in vitro under conditions mimicking those of chronic renal failure. Methods and Results Treatment of human primary monocytes or THP-1 cells with uremic serum as well as PMA-induced differentiation led to significantly up-regulated expression of ACE, further increased by additional treatment with LPS. Functionally, these monocytes revealed significantly increased adhesion and transmigration through endothelial monolayers. Overexpression of ACE in transfected monocytes or THP-1 cells led to development of more differentiated, macrophage-like phenotype with up-regulated expression of Arg1, MCSF, MCP-1 and CCR2. Expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFa and IL-6 were also noticeably up-regulated. ACE overexpression resulted in significantly increased adhesion and transmigration properties. Transcriptional screening of ACE-overexpressing monocytes revealed noticeably increased expression of Angiotensin II receptors and adhesion- as well as atherosclerosis-related ICAM-1 and VCAM1. Inhibition of monocyte ACE or AngII-receptor signalling led to decreased adhesion potential of ACE-overexpressing cells. Conclusions Taken together, these data demonstrate that uremia induced expression of monocytic-ACE mediates the development of highly pro-atherogenic cells via an AngII-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogusz Trojanowicz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christof Ulrich
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Eric Seibert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Roman Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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12
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Katsuki S, Matoba T, Nakashiro S, Sato K, Koga JI, Nakano K, Nakano Y, Egusa S, Sunagawa K, Egashira K. Nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin inhibits atherosclerotic plaque destabilization/rupture in mice by regulating the recruitment of inflammatory monocytes. Circulation 2013; 129:896-906. [PMID: 24305567 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.113.002870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing atherosclerotic plaque destabilization and rupture is the most reasonable therapeutic strategy for acute myocardial infarction. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that (1) inflammatory monocytes play a causative role in plaque destabilization and rupture and (2) the nanoparticle-mediated delivery of pitavastatin into circulating inflammatory monocytes inhibits plaque destabilization and rupture. METHODS AND RESULTS We used a model of plaque destabilization and rupture in the brachiocephalic arteries of apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice fed a high-fat diet and infused with angiotensin II. The adoptive transfer of CCR2(+/+)Ly-6C(high) inflammatory macrophages, but not CCR2(-/-) leukocytes, accelerated plaque destabilization associated with increased serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), monocyte-colony stimulating factor, and matrix metalloproteinase-9. We prepared poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid nanoparticles that were incorporated by Ly-6G(-)CD11b(+) monocytes and delivered into atherosclerotic plaques after intravenous administration. Intravenous treatment with pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles, but not with control nanoparticles or pitavastatin alone, inhibited plaque destabilization and rupture associated with decreased monocyte infiltration and gelatinase activity in the plaque. Pitavastatin-incorporated nanoparticles inhibited MCP-1-induced monocyte chemotaxis and the secretion of MCP-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 from cultured macrophages. Furthermore, the nanoparticle-mediated anti-MCP-1 gene therapy reduced the incidence of plaque destabilization and rupture. CONCLUSIONS The recruitment of inflammatory monocytes is critical in the pathogenesis of plaque destabilization and rupture, and nanoparticle-mediated pitavastatin delivery is a promising therapeutic strategy to inhibit plaque destabilization and rupture by regulating MCP-1/CCR2-dependent monocyte recruitment in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Katsuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (S.K., T.M., S.N., J.K., Y.N., S.E., K. Sunagawa) and Department of Cardiovascular Research, Development, and Translational Medicine (K. Sato, K.N., K.E.), Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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13
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Spradley FT, Kang KT, Pollock JS. Short-term hypercaloric diet induces blunted aortic vasoconstriction and enhanced vasorelaxation via increased nitric oxide synthase 3 activity and expression in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 207:358-68. [PMID: 23176108 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM To elucidate the role of the O(2)(-), H(2)O(2) or NO pathways in aortic angiotensin (Ang)II-induced vasoconstriction in Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats compared with control SS-13(BN) rats on a normal or hypercaloric diet. METHODS Aortic function was assessed using wire myography in 16-week-old rats maintained on a normal diet or a 4-week hypercaloric diet. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and expression was determined by the conversion of radio-labelled arginine to citrulline and Western blot analysis respectively. RESULTS On normal diet, AngII-induced vasoconstriction was greater in SS than SS-13(BN) rats. Polyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) reduced the aortic AngII response similarly in both strains on normal diet. Catalase blunted, whereas N(ω)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) did not affect the AngII response in SS rats. In SS-13(BN) rats, catalase had no effect and L-NAME enhanced AngII response. On hypercaloric diet, aortic AngII responsiveness was reduced in SS but unaltered in SS-13(BN) rats compared with their normal diet counterparts. PEG-SOD reduced the AngII response in both rats on hypercaloric diet. Catalase treatment did not alter aortic AngII response, while L-NAME increased the response in SS rats on hypercaloric diet. In SS-13(BN) rats on hypercaloric diet, catalase reduced and L-NAME did not alter the AngII response. Furthermore, aortic endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation was increased in SS rats on hypercaloric diet compared with normal diet and aortic NOS3 activity and expression was increased. CONCLUSION A short-term hypercaloric diet induces a blunted vasoconstrictive and enhanced vasodilatory phenotype in SS rats, but not in SS-13(BN) rats, via reduced H(2)O(2) and increased NOS3 function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - K.-T. Kang
- Vascular Biology Center; Medical College of Georgia; Georgia Health Sciences University; Augusta; GA; USA
| | - J. S. Pollock
- Section of Experimental Medicine; Department of Medicine; Medical College of Georgia; Georgia Health Sciences University; Augusta; GA; USA
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14
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Rateri DL, Moorleghen JJ, Knight V, Balakrishnan A, Howatt DA, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Depletion of endothelial or smooth muscle cell-specific angiotensin II type 1a receptors does not influence aortic aneurysms or atherosclerosis in LDL receptor deficient mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51483. [PMID: 23236507 PMCID: PMC3517567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole body genetic deletion of AT1a receptors in mice uniformly reduces hypercholesterolemia and angiotensin II-(AngII) induced atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the role of AT1a receptor stimulation of principal cell types resident in the arterial wall remains undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether deletion of AT1a receptors in either endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells influences the development of atherosclerosis and AAAs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS AT1a receptor floxed mice were developed in an LDL receptor -/- background. To generate endothelial or smooth muscle cell specific deficiency, AT1a receptor floxed mice were bred with mice expressing Cre under the control of either Tie2 or SM22, respectively. Groups of males and females were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 3 months to determine effects on atherosclerosis. Deletion of AT1a receptors in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells had no discernible effect on the size of atherosclerotic lesions. We also determined the effect of cell-specific AT1a receptor deficiency on atherosclerosis and AAAs using male mice fed a saturated fat-enriched diet and infused with AngII (1,000 ng/kg/min). Again, deletion of AT1a receptors in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells had no discernible effects on either AngII-induced atherosclerotic lesions or AAAs. CONCLUSIONS Although previous studies have demonstrated whole body AT1a receptor deficiency diminishes atherosclerosis and AAAs, depletion of AT1a receptors in either endothelial or smooth muscle cells did not affect either of these vascular pathologies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/etiology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/etiology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Blood Pressure
- Chromatography, Gel
- Crosses, Genetic
- Diet, High-Fat
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Genotype
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth/metabolism
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/deficiency
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L. Rateri
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jessica J. Moorleghen
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Victoria Knight
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Deborah A. Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Cassis
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lu H, Balakrishnan A, Howatt DA, Wu C, Charnigo R, Liau G, Cassis LA, Daugherty A. Comparative effects of different modes of renin angiotensin system inhibition on hypercholesterolaemia-induced atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:2000-2008. [PMID: 22014125 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inhibition of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been consistently demonstrated to reduce atherosclerosis. However, there has been no direct comparison among the three available pharmacological modes of inhibiting the RAS, which are inhibitors of renin, ACE and angiotensin II type 1 receptor. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effects of these three modes of pharmacological RAS inhibition in reducing atherosclerosis by determining the dose-response relationships. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Male LDL receptor -/- mice were administered either vehicle or any of three doses of aliskiren, enalapril or losartan through s.c. infusion for 12 weeks. All mice were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet during drug infusions. Systolic and diastolic BPs were measured during the study using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. Plasma cholesterol and renin concentrations, atherosclerotic lesions, and renal angiotensin II concentrations were determined at the termination of the study. KEY RESULTS Plasma renin concentrations were increased by all three drugs. None of the drugs changed plasma cholesterol concentrations. All drugs produced a dose-related decrease in BP. All three drugs also profoundly reduced atherosclerosis in a dose-dependent manner. The highest dose of each drug markedly attenuated lesion size, with no significant differences between the different drugs. The highest dose of each drug also similarly reduced renal angiotensin II concentrations. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Drugs that inhibit the RAS, irrespective of their mode of inhibition, profoundly affect atherosclerotic lesion development in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anju Balakrishnan
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Deborah A Howatt
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Congqing Wu
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard Charnigo
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gene Liau
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research CenterGraduate Center for Nutritional SciencesDepartment of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USANovartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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16
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Beyazit Y, Purnak T, Guven GS, Haznedaroglu IC. Local bone marrow Renin-Angiotensin system and atherosclerosis. Cardiol Res Pract 2010; 2011:714515. [PMID: 21234405 PMCID: PMC3014698 DOI: 10.4061/2011/714515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Local hematopoietic bone marrow (BM) renin-angiotensin system (RAS) affects the growth, production, proliferation differentiation, and function of hematopoietic cells. Angiotensin II (Ang II), the dominant effector peptide of the RAS, regulates cellular growth in a wide variety of tissues in pathobiological states. RAS, especially Ang II and Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), has considerable proinflammatory and proatherogenic effects on the vessel wall, causing progression of atherosclerosis. Recent investigations, by analyzing several BM chimeric mice whose BM cells were positive or negative for AT1R, disclosed that AT1R in BM cells participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Therefore, AT1R blocking not only in vascular cells but also in the BM could be an important therapeutic approach to prevent atherosclerosis. The aim of this paper is to review the function of local BM RAS in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Beyazit
- Department of Gastroenterology, Turkiye Yuksek Ihtisas Teaching and Research Hospital, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
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17
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Nahmod KA, Geffner JR, Walther T. Angiotensin II type 1a-deficient bone marrow-derived dendritic cells produce higher levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1. Hypertension 2010; 56:e6-7; author reply e8. [PMID: 20516391 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.153205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Daugherty A, Poduri A, Chen X, Lu H, Cassis LA. Genetic variants of the Renin Angiotensin system: effects on atherosclerosis in experimental models and humans. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12:167-73. [PMID: 20425255 PMCID: PMC2857789 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-010-0109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has profound effects on atherosclerosis development in animal models, which is partially complimented by evidence in the human disease. Although angiotensin II was considered to be the principal effector of the RAS, a broader array of bioactive angiotensin peptides have been identified that have increased the scope of enzymes and receptors in the RAS. Genetic interruption of the synthesis of these peptides has not been extensively performed in experimental or human studies. A few studies demonstrate that interruption of a component of the angiotensin peptide synthesis pathway reduces experimental lesion formation. The evidence in human studies has not been consistent. Conversely, genetic manipulation of the RAS receptors has demonstrated that AT1a receptors are profoundly involved in experimental atherosclerosis. Few studies have reported links of genetic variants of angiotensin II receptors to human atherosclerotic diseases. Further genetic studies are needed to define the role of RAS in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, BBSRB, Room B-243, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA.
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19
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2010; 17:177-85. [PMID: 20190584 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283382286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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