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Danilov SM, Kurilova OV, Sinitsyn VE, Kamalov AA, Garcia JGN, Dudek SM. Predictive potential of ACE phenotyping in extrapulmonary sarcoidosis. Respir Res 2022; 23:211. [PMID: 35996109 PMCID: PMC9396819 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-02145-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated ACE expression in tissues (reflected by blood ACE levels) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and is also a marker for granulomatous diseases. We developed a new approach for characterization of ACE status in the blood—ACE phenotyping and established normal values of ACE levels 50–150% of control pooled plasma. ACE phenotyping was performed in citrated plasma of 120 patients with known interstitial lung diseases. In the 1st set of 100 patients we found 22 patients with ACE levels > 150%; ACE phenotyping also objectively identified the presence of ACE inhibitors in the plasma of 15 patients. After excluding these patients and patient with ACE mutation that increases ACE shedding, 17 patients were identified as a suspicious for systemic sarcoidosis based on elevation of blood ACE (> 150% of mean). A new parameter that we have established–ACE immunoreactivity (with mAb 9B9)—allowed us to detect 22 patients with decreased values (< 80%) of this parameter, which may indicate the presence of ACE in the blood that originates from macrophages/dendritic cells of granulomas. In the remaining 20 patients, this new parameter (mAbs binding/activity ratio) was calculated using 3 mAbs (9B9, 3A5 and i1A8—having overlapping epitopes), and 8 patients were identified as having decreases in this parameter, thus increasing dramatically the sensitivity for detection of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Whole body PET scan confirmed extrapulmonary granulomas in some patients with lower immunoreactivity towards anti-ACE mAbs. ACE phenotyping has novel potential to noninvasively detect patients with systemic sarcoidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Danilov
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia. .,University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven M Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, CSB 915, MC 719, 840 S. Wood Ave., Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Samokhodskaya LM, Jain MS, Kurilova OV, Bobkov AP, Kamalov AA, Dudek SM, Danilov SM. Phenotyping Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme in Blood: A Necessary Approach for Precision Medicine. J Appl Lab Med 2021; 6:1179-1191. [PMID: 34097042 PMCID: PMC10949476 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfab032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) metabolizes a number of important peptides participating in blood pressure regulation and vascular remodeling. Elevated ACE expression in tissues (which is generally reflected by ACE in blood) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Elevated ACE in blood is also a marker for granulomatous diseases. METHODS We applied our novel approach-ACE phenotyping-to characterize serum ACE in 300 unrelated patients and to establish normal values for ACE levels. ACE phenotyping includes (a) determination of ACE activity with 2 substrates (Z-Phe-His-Leu [ZPHL] and Hip-His-Leu [HHL]), (b) calculation of a ratio for hydrolysis of ZPHL and HHL, and (c) quantification of ACE immunoreactive protein levels and ACE conformation with a set of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to ACE. RESULTS Only a combination of ACE activity determination with 2 substrates and quantification of the amount of ACE immunoreactive protein with mAbs 1G12 and 9B9 allows for the unequivocal detection of the presence of ACE inhibitors in the blood. After excluding such subjects, we were able to establish normal values of ACE in healthy populations: 50%-150% from control pooled serum. This ACE phenotyping approach in screening format with special attention to outliers can also identify patients with various mutations in ACE and may help to identify the as yet unknown ACE secretase or other mechanistic details of precise regulation of ACE expression. CONCLUSIONS ACE phenotyping is a promising new approach with potential clinical significance to advance precision medicine screening techniques by establishing different risk groups based on ACE phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark S. Jain
- Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sergei M. Danilov
- Medical Center, Moscow University, Moscow, Russia
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Kircheva N, Dobrev S, Yakimova B, Stoineva I, Angelova S. Molecular insights into the interaction of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and HEXXH motif. Biophys Chem 2021; 276:106626. [PMID: 34082361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Nutraceuticals and functional foods garner a lot of attention as potential alternative therapies for treatment of (pre)hypertension. Food-derived proteins release large variety of bioactive peptides which are similar in structure to peptide sequences acting in the organism and therefore can modulate their physiological functions. Val-Pro-Pro (VPP) is a milk-derived tripeptide with assumed mild inhibitory activity against angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Computational (DFT) methods are applied on simplified models of Zn2+-HEXXH binding motif without/with bound inhibitors in order to assess the ability of two pharmaceutical drugs (Captopril and Lisinopril) and Val-Pro-Pro to coordinate with Zn2+-HEXXH binding motif of ACE. Both drugs have significant affinity towards the active site, while the Val-Pro-Pro tripeptide has weaker affinity. The obtained results shed light on the thermodynamic aspects of the inhibitors coordination to the Zn2+-HEXXH binding motif of ACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoleta Kircheva
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stefan Dobrev
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Boryana Yakimova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivanka Stoineva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia Angelova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies "Acad. J. Malinowski", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
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Park HJ, Kim JY, Kim HS, Lee SH, Jang JS, Lee MH. Synergistic effect of fruit-seed mixed juice on inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme and activation of NO production in EA.hy926 cells. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 28:881-893. [PMID: 31093447 PMCID: PMC6484055 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed fruit juices possess low inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), which plays central role in elevation of blood pressure. The ACE inhibitory activity of fruit-seed mixed juice may be improved via synergistic interactions. In this study, the investigated synergistic, additive, and antagonistic effects of fruit-seed combination on ACE inhibition were investigated. Thirteen fruits and 15 seeds including legumes, nuts, and cereals were combined in pairs; pear-hemp seed-pumpkin seed juice (3-mixed juice) displayed the highest ACE inhibition resulting from synergistic interactions. Additionally, nitric oxide production in human endothelial cells was promoted by 3-mixed juice. Three-mixed juice showed antioxidant activities such as DNA protective, DPPH radical scavenging, and reducing effects. These results suggested that combinations of different food categories are beneficial for improving biological functions such as vascular health. Three-mixed juice, which shows high ACE inhibitory activity, may be useful as an anti-hypertensive agent and for treating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jung Park
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Hee Sook Kim
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Sang-Hyeon Lee
- Major in Pharmaceutical Engineering, Division of Bioindustry, College of Medical and Life Sciences, Silla University, Busan, 46958 Korea
| | - Jeong Su Jang
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
| | - Mun Hyon Lee
- Food Research Center, Angel Co., Ltd., Busan, 46988 Korea
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Dal Mas C, Carvalho MS, Marins LA, Yonamine CM, Cordeiro Q, McIntyre RS, Mansur RB, Brietzke E, Hayashi MAF. Oligopeptidases activity in bipolar disorder: Ndel1 and angiotensin I converting enzyme. J Affect Disord 2019; 244:67-70. [PMID: 30321766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal activity of two enzymes relevant to neurodevelopment, namely nuclear-distribution element-like 1 (Ndel1) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), was reported in individuals with schizophrenia; to our knowledge, these oligopeptidases were never measured in bipolar disorder (BD). AIMS Evaluate the enzyme activity of Ndel1 and ACE in euthymic individuals with BD type 1 which was compare to healthy control (HC) group. METHODS Ndel1 and ACE activities were assessed in the serum of individuals with BD type 1 according to DSM-IV criteria (n = 70) and a HC group (n = 34). The possible differences between BD type 1 and HC groups were evaluated using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), and the results were adjusted for age, gender and body mass index. RESULTS We observed a positive correlation between Ndel1 activity and the total YMRS score in BD group (p = 0.030) and a positive correlation between ACE activity and Ham-D score (p = 0.047). ANCOVA analysis showed lower Ndel1 activity in BDs compared to HCs. Interestingly, we did not observe between-groups differences in ACE activity, despite the recognized correlation of ACE activity levels with cognitive functions, also described to be worsened in psychiatric patients. CONCLUSION Oligopeptidases, especially Ndel1, which has been strongly correlated with neurodevelopment and brain formation, are potentially a good new target in the study of the neurobiology of BD. LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size did not permit to examine the cause-effect relationship of clinical dimensions of BD and the enzymatic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Dal Mas
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle S Carvalho
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A Marins
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila M Yonamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669, 3rd floor, Vila Clementino, CEP 04039-032 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua 3 de maio 100, Ed. INFAR, 3rd floor, CEP 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil.
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Lopez-Sublet M, Caratti di Lanzacco L, Danser AHJ, Lambert M, Elourimi G, Persu A. Focus on increased serum angiotensin-converting enzyme level: From granulomatous diseases to genetic mutations. Clin Biochem 2018; 59:1-8. [PMID: 29928904 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) is a well-known zinc-metallopeptidase that converts angiotensin I to the potent vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin, a powerful vasodilator, and as such plays a key role in the regulation of vascular tone and cardiac function. Increased circulating ACE (cACE) activity has been reported in multiple diseases, including but not limited to granulomatous disorders. Since 2001, genetic mutations leading to cACE elevation have also been described. This review takes advantage of the identification of a novel ACE mutation (25-IVS25 + 1G > A) in two Belgian pedigrees to summarize current knowledge about the differential diagnosis of cACE elevation, based on literature review and the experience of our centre. Furthermore, we propose a practical approach for the evaluation and management of patients with elevated cACE and discuss in which cases search for genetic mutations should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Caratti di Lanzacco
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A H Jan Danser
- Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Lambert
- Division of Internal Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ghassan Elourimi
- Internal Medicine Department, University Hospital Avicenne, Bobigny, AP-HP, France
| | - Alexandre Persu
- Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Danilov SM, Tikhomirova VE, Metzger R, Naperova IA, Bukina TM, Goker-Alpan O, Tayebi N, Gayfullin NM, Schwartz DE, Samokhodskaya LM, Kost OA, Sidransky E. ACE phenotyping in Gaucher disease. Mol Genet Metab 2018; 123:501-510. [PMID: 29478818 PMCID: PMC5891352 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher disease is characterized by the activation of splenic and hepatic macrophages, accompanied by dramatically increased levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). To evaluate the source of the elevated blood ACE, we performed complete ACE phenotyping using blood, spleen and liver samples from patients with Gaucher disease and controls. METHODS ACE phenotyping included 1) immunohistochemical staining for ACE; 2) measuring ACE activity with two substrates (HHL and ZPHL); 3) calculating the ratio of the rates of substrate hydrolysis (ZPHL/HHL ratio); 4) assessing the conformational fingerprint of ACE by evaluating the pattern of binding of monoclonal antibodies to 16 different ACE epitopes. RESULTS We show that in patients with Gaucher disease, the dramatically increased levels of ACE originate from activated splenic and/or hepatic macrophages (Gaucher cells), and that both its conformational fingerprint and kinetic characteristics (ZPHL/HHL ratio) differ from controls and from patients with sarcoid granulomas. Furthermore, normal spleen was found to produce high levels of endogenous ACE inhibitors and a novel, tightly-bound 10-30 kDa ACE effector which is deficient in Gaucher spleen. CONCLUSIONS The conformation of ACE is tissue-specific. In Gaucher disease, ACE produced by activated splenic macrophages differs from that in hepatic macrophages, as well as from macrophages and dendritic cells in sarcoid granulomas. The observed differences are likely due to altered ACE glycosylation or sialylation in these diseased organs. The conformational differences in ACE may serve as a specific biomarker for Gaucher disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei M Danilov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Roman Metzger
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Irina A Naperova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nahid Tayebi
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nurshat M Gayfullin
- Medical Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia; Department of Fundamental Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - David E Schwartz
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Olga A Kost
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Section of Molecular Neurogenetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dhanabalan V, Xavier M, Kannuchamy N, Asha KK, Singh CB, Balange A. Effect of processing conditions on degree of hydrolysis, ACE inhibition, and antioxidant activities of protein hydrolysate from Acetes indicus. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:21222-21232. [PMID: 28735471 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein hydrolysate was prepared from Acetes indicus which is a major bycatch among non-penaeid prawn landings of India. Hydrolysis conditions (enzyme to substrate ratio and time) for preparing protein hydrolysates using alcalase enzyme were optimized by response surface methodology using central composite design. The optimum conditions for enzyme-substrate ratio (mL/100 g) of 1.57, 1.69, 1.60, 1.56, and 1.50 and for hydrolysis time of 97.18, 96.5, 98.15 min, 102.48, and 88.44 min were established for attaining maximum yield, degree of hydrolysis, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, angiotensin I-converting enzyme-inhibiting activity, and metal-chelating activity, respectively. ABTS radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay of optimized protein hydrolysate were found to be increased with the increase in concentration. The higher value of 7.04 (μM Trolox/g), 87.95, and 77.24%, respectively for DPPH, ACE, and metal-chelating activity indicated that the A. indicus protein hydrolysates have beneficial biological properties that could be well-utilized in the application of functional foods and nutraceuticals. Graphical abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignaesh Dhanabalan
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Martin Xavier
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India.
| | - Nagalakshmi Kannuchamy
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Kurukkan Kunnath Asha
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri, Cochin, 682 029, India
| | - Chongtham Baru Singh
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | - Amjad Balange
- Department of Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Versova, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
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Dou XM, Cheng HJ, Meng L, Zhou LL, Ke YH, Liu LP, Li YM. Correlations between ACE single nucleotide polymorphisms and prognosis of patients with septic shock. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20170145. [PMID: 28336767 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20170145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to investigate association between septic shock (SS) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). From October 2009 to December 2016, 238 SS patients and 242 healthy individuals were selected for our study. ACE activity was detected, ACE rs4291 and rs4646994 polymorphisms were detected using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The Kaplan–Meier survival curve was employed to evaluate the association between ACE SNPs and patients’ survival and univariate and multivariate analyses to estimate risk factors for SS. ACE activity in the case group was increased in comparison with the control group. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs4291 and rs4646994 were different between the case and control groups. The TT genotype frequency of the rs4291 polymorphisms and the DD genotype of the rs4646994 polymorphisms of the case group were higher than those in the control group. The AT and TT genotypes indicated a significant elevation of ACE activity than the AA genotype, while a significant decline was found in the DI and II genotypes in comparison with the DI genotype. Patients with TT or DD genotypes had increased fatality rate within 7 and 30 days when compared with those with non-TT or non-DD genotypes. Lower sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores, rs4291, serum ACE and rs4646994 were all considered as risky factors for SS patients. The study demonstrates that TT genotype of rs4291 or DD genotype of rs4646994 may be indicative of a higher risk of SS and a poorer prognosis in SS patients.
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Ashok NR, Aparna HS. Empirical and bioinformatic characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) colostrum whey peptides & their angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibition. Food Chem 2017; 228:582-594. [PMID: 28317767 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Whey based peptides are well known for their nutritional and multifunctional properties. In this context, whey proteins from buffalo colostrum & milk were digested by in vitro simulation digestion and analyzed by nano-LC-MS/MS. Functional protein association networks, gene annotations and localization of identified proteins were carried out. An ACE inhibitory peptide sorted from the library was custom synthesized and an in vitro ACE assay was performed. The study led to the identification of 74 small peptides which were clustered into 5 gene functional groups and majority of them were secretory proteins. Among the identified peptides, majority of them were found identical to angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and opioidal peptides. An octapeptide (m/z - 902.51, IQKVAGTW) synthesized was found to inhibit ACE with an IC50 of 300±2µM. The present investigation thus establishes newer vista for food derived peptides having ACE inhibitory potential for nutraceutical or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Ashok
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India
| | - H S Aparna
- Department of Studies in Biotechnology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka 570 006 India.
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Teixeira LGD, Malavolta L, Bersanetti PA, Schreier S, Carmona AK, Nakaie CR. Paramagnetic bradykinin analogues as substrates for angiotensin I-converting enzyme: Pharmacological and conformation studies. Bioorg Chem 2016; 69:159-166. [PMID: 27837711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study uses EPR, CD, and fluorescence spectroscopy to examine the structure of bradykinin (BK) analogues attaching the paramagnetic amino acid-type Toac (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl-4-amino-4-carboxylic acid) at positions 0, 3, 7, and 9. The data were correlated with the potencies in muscle contractile experiments and the substrate properties towards the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). A study of the biological activities in guinea pig ileum and rat uterus indicated that only Toac0-BK partially maintained its native biological potency among the tested peptides. This and its counterpart, Toac3-BK, maintained the ability to act as ACE substrates. These results indicate that peptides bearing Toac probe far from the ACE cleavage sites were more susceptible to hydrolysis by ACE. The results also emphasize the existence of a finer control for BK-receptor interaction than for BK binding at the catalytic site of this metallodipetidase. The kinetic kcat/Km values decreased from 202.7 to 38.9μM-1min-1 for BK and Toac3-BK, respectively. EPR, CD, and fluorescence experiments reveal a direct relationship between the structure and activity of these paramagnetic peptides. In contrast to the turn-folded structures of the Toac-internally labeled peptides, more extended conformations were displayed by N- or C-terminally Toac-labeled analogues. Lastly, this work supports the feasibility of monitoring the progress of the ACE-hydrolytic process of Toac-attached peptides by examining time-dependent EPR spectral variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gustavo Deus Teixeira
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Malavolta
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de Sao Paulo, School of Medical Sciences, 01221-020 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Shirley Schreier
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade de Sao Paulo, 05513-970 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana K Carmona
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis R Nakaie
- Department of Biophysics, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, 04044-020 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Irondi EA, Agboola SO, Oboh G, Boligon AA. Inhibitory effect of leaves extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum on two key enzymes involved in obesity and hypertension in vitro. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016; 5:396-402. [PMID: 27757270 PMCID: PMC5061483 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160814112756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the phenolics composition and inhibitory effect of the leaves extracts of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum gratissimum on two key enzymes (pancreatic lipase [PL] and angiotensin 1-converting enzyme [ACE]) involved in obesity and hypertension in vitro. Materials and Methods: The phenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids) were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection. PL and ACE inhibitory effects; DPPH* and ABTS*+ scavenging activities of the extracts were tested using spectrophotometric methods. Results: O. basilicum had the following major phenolics: Rutin, quercetin, and quercitrin (flavonoids); caffeic, chlorogenic, and gallic acids (phenolic acids); while O. gratissimum had the following major phenolics: Rutin, quercitrin, and luteolin (flavonoids); ellagic and chlorogenic acids (phenolic acids). “Extracts of both plants inhibited PL and ACE; scavenged DPPH* in a dose-dependent manner”. O. gratissimum extract was more potent in inhibiting PL (IC50: 20.69 µg/mL) and ACE (IC50: 29.44 µg/mL) than O. basilicum (IC50: 52.14 µg/mL and IC50: 64.99 µg/mL, against PL and ACE, respectively). O. gratissimum also scavenged DPPH* and ABTS*+ more than O. basilicum. Conclusion: O. basilicum and O. gratissimum leaves could be used as functional foods for the management of obesity and obesity-related hypertension. However, O. gratissimum may be more effective than O. basilicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B. 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Samson Olalekan Agboola
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, Room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II and degrades bradykinin and other vasoactive peptides. ACE inhibitors are used to treat diseases such as hypertension and heart failure. It is thus highly desirable to understand the catalytic mechanism of ACE, as this should facilitate the design of more powerful and selective ACE inhibitors. ACE exhibits two different active domains, the C-domain and the N-domain. In this work, we systematically investigated the inhibitor- and substrate-binding patterns in the N-domain of human ACE using a combined quantum mechanical and molecular mechanical approach. The hydrolysis of hippuryl-histidyl-leucine (HHL) as catalyzed by the N-domain of human somatic ACE was explored, and the effects of chloride ion on the overall reaction were also investigated. Two models, one with and one without a chloride ion at the first binding position, were then designed to examine the chloride dependence of inhibitor-substrate binding and the catalytic mechanism. Our calculations indicate that the hydrolysis reaction follows a stepwise general base/general acid catalysis path. The estimated mean free energy barrier height in the two models is about 15.6 kcal/mol, which agrees very well with the experimentally estimated value of 15.8 kcal/mol. Our simulations thus suggest that the N-domain is in a mixed form during ACE-catalyzed hydrolysis, with the single-chloride-ion and the double-chloride-ion forms existing simultaneously. Graphical Abstract Superposition of ACE C- and N- domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Mu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingguo Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China. .,Geonome Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Irondi EA, Agboola SO, Oboh G, Boligon AA, Athayde ML, Shode FO. Guava leaves polyphenolics-rich extract inhibits vital enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension in vitro. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2016; 5:122-30. [PMID: 27104032 PMCID: PMC4835986 DOI: 10.5455/jice.20160321115402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Elevated uric acid level, an index of gout resulting from the over-activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), increases the risk of developing hypertension. However, research has shown that plant-derived inhibitors of XO and angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE), two enzymes implicated in gout and hypertension, respectively, can prevent or ameliorate both diseases, without noticeable side effects. Hence, this study characterized the polyphenolics composition of guava leaves extract and evaluated its inhibitory effect on XO and ACE in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polyphenolics (flavonoids and phenolic acids) were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with diode array detection (DAD). The XO, ACE, and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation inhibitory activities, and free radicals (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl [DPPH]* and 2,2´-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic [ABTS]*(+)) scavenging activities of the extract were determined using spectrophotometric methods. RESULTS Flavonoids were present in the extract in the order of quercetin > kaempferol > catechin > quercitrin > rutin > luteolin > epicatechin; while phenolic acids were in the order of caffeic acid > chlorogenic acid > gallic acids. The extract effectively inhibited XO, ACE and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner; having half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 38.24 ± 2.32 μg/mL, 21.06 ± 2.04 μg/mL and 27.52 ± 1.72 μg/mL against XO, ACE and Fe(2+)-induced lipid peroxidation, respectively. The extract also strongly scavenged DPPH* and ABTS*(+). CONCLUSION Guava leaves extract could serve as functional food for managing gout and hypertension and attenuating the oxidative stress associated with both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Anyachukwu Irondi
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Biochemistry Unit, Kwara State University, Malete, P.M.B., 1530, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Samson Olalekan Agboola
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals Unit, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria P.M.B., 704, Akure 340001, Nigeria
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Margareth Linde Athayde
- Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Federal University of Santa Maria, Building 26, room 1115, Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Francis O Shode
- Department of Chemistry, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
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15
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Sayari N, Sila A, Haddar A, Balti R, Ellouz-Chaabouni S, Bougatef A. Valorisation of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus) waste biomass through recovery of functional, antioxidative and antihypertensive bioactive peptides. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:366-376. [PMID: 26308921 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5244-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concerns over the environmental and waste disposal problems created by the large amounts of by-products generated from fish processing industries are increasing worldwide. The bioconversion of those marine waste by-products through the enzymatic hydrolysis of their protein content offers the possibility for the development of bioactive peptides for use in various biotechnological applications. The present study aimed to investigate and evaluate the biological and functional properties of smooth hound (Mustelus mustelus) protein hydrolysates (SHPHs) obtained by treatment with intestinal and gastric enzyme preparations from M. mustelus viscera and porcine pancreatin. The results revealed that the SHPHs exhibited different degrees of hydrolysis and antioxidant activity. The hydrolysate produced by the intestinal crude extract presented the highest rate of antioxidative activity, showing an IC50 value of 1.47 ± 0.07 mg/mL in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays. The alkaline protease extract from the intestine of M. mustelus produced hydrolysate with the highest angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity (82 ± 1.52% at 2 mg/mL). All the protein hydrolysates showed excellent solubility and interfacial properties that were governed by pH. The major amino acids detected in SHPHs were glutamic acid/glutamine, aspartic acid/asparagine, histidine and arginine, followed by methionine, phenylalanine, serine, valine and leucine. Overall, the results indicated that smooth hound by-products can be used to generate high value-added products, thus offering a valuable source of bioactive peptides for application in wide range of biotechnological and functional food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhem Sayari
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Assaâd Sila
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Anissa Haddar
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Balti
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Semia Ellouz-Chaabouni
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia
| | - Ali Bougatef
- Unité Enzymes et Bioconversion, Ecole Nationale d'Ingénieurs, PB 1173, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia.
- Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Sfax, BP 1175, Sfax, 3038, Tunisia.
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16
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Villiger A, Sala F, Suter A, Butterweck V. In vitro inhibitory potential of Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Phytomedicine 2015; 22:138-44. [PMID: 25636882 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Boldocynara®, a proprietary dietary supplement product consisting of the plants Cynara scolymus, Silybum marianum, Taraxacum officinale, and Peumus boldus, used to promote functions of the liver and the gallbladder. It was the aim of the present study to look from a different perspective at the product by investigating the in vitro potential of Boldocynara® as a combination product and its individual extracts on key enzymes relevant to metabolic syndrome. Peumus boldus extract exhibited pronounced inhibitory activities on α-glucosidase (80% inhibition at 100 µg/ml, IC50: 17.56 µg/ml). Silybum marianum had moderate pancreatic lipase (PL) inhibitory activities (30% at 100 µg/ml) whereas Cynara scolymus showed moderate ACE inhibitory activity (31% at 100 µg/ml). The combination had moderate to weak effects on the tested enzymes. In conclusion, our results indicate some moderate potential of the dietary supplement Boldocynara® and its single ingredients for the prevention of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Villiger
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Filippo Sala
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland
| | - Andy Suter
- Bioforce AG, Grünaustrasse 4, CH-9325 Roggwil, Switzerland
| | - Veronika Butterweck
- Institute for Pharma Technology, School of Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland, Gründenstrasse 40, CH-4132 Muttenz, Switzerland.
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17
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Yamada A, Sakurai T, Ochi D, Mitsuyama E, Yamauchi K, Abe F. Antihypertensive effect of the bovine casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro. Food Chem 2014; 172:441-6. [PMID: 25442576 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The antihypertensive effect of the bovine casein-derived peptide Met-Lys-Pro (MKP) was examined in vitro and in vivo. MKP showed angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 0.43 μM). An in vivo kinetics study using radiolabeled Met-[1-(14)C]Lys-Pro ((14)C-MKP) showed that orally administered (14)C-MKP to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was absorbed and moved into the plasma. In vitro vasoconstriction of thoracic aorta preparations, which was induced by adding angiotensin I, was reduced by prior exposure of MKP. A single oral dose of MKP lowered systolic blood pressure (SBP) of SHRs, and repeated oral administration of MKP for 28 days significantly lowered SBP of SHRs. The results obtained in the present study suggest that orally administrated MKP can be absorbed into the plasma and its ACE-inhibitory activity may contribute to induce the antihypertensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Yamada
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan.
| | - Takuma Sakurai
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ochi
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Koji Yamauchi
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Abe
- Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd, Functional Food Research Department, Food Science & Technology Institute, 1-83, 5-Chome, Higashihara, Zama-City, Kanagawa-Pref. 252-8583, Japan
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18
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Kutluturk I, Karagöz A, Bezgin T, Oduncu V, Elveran A, Doğan C, Elbay A, Kirma C, Ozertürk Y. Relationship between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion gene polymorphism and retinal vein occlusion. Thromb J 2014; 12:17. [PMID: 25161389 PMCID: PMC4144314 DOI: 10.1186/1477-9560-12-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) gene polymorphism and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). A total of 80 patients with retinal vein occlusion who was admitted to the Eye Department of Kartal Training and Research Hospital between 2008 and 2011, and 80 subjects were enrolled in this retrospective case–control study. Patients who experienced RVO within one week to six months of study enrolment were included, and those with coronary artery diseases, prior myocardial infarction history and coagulation disturbances were excluded from the study. The diagnosis was made by ophthalmoscopic fundus examination and fluorescein angiography. The ACE gene I/D polymorphism was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and the ACE gene was classified into three types: I/I, I/D and D/D. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, ACE D/D genotype (p = 0.035), diabetes-mellitus (p = 0.019) and hypertension (p = 0.001) were found to be independent predictive factors for RVO. The results of the present study reveal that ACE D/D polymorphism is an independent predictive factor for RVO. However, one cannot definitely conclude that ACE gene polymorphism is a risk factor for retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Işıl Kutluturk
- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training & Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karagöz
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Tahir Bezgin
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Vecih Oduncu
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Elveran
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cem Doğan
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Elbay
- Pendik State Hospital, Ophthalmology Clinic, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cevat Kirma
- Kartal Kosuyolu Heart & Research Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Denizer Cad. Cevizli, Kartal-34846 İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozertürk
- Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar Training & Research Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, 34846 İstanbul, Turkey
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19
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Wu H, Liu Y, Guo M, Xie J, Jiang X. A virtual screening method for inhibitory peptides of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C1635-42. [PMID: 25154376 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural small peptides from foods have been proven to be efficient inhibitors of Angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) for the regulation of blood pressure. The traditional ACE inhibitory peptides screening method is both time consuming and money costing, to the contrary, virtual screening method by computation can break these limitations. We establish a virtual screening method to obtain ACE inhibitory peptides with the help of Libdock module of Discovery Studio 3.5 software. A significant relationship between Libdock score and experimental IC(50) was found, Libdock score = 10.063 log(1/IC(50)) + 68.08 (R(2) = 0.62). The credibility of the relationship was confirmed by testing the coincidence of the estimated log(1/IC(50)) and measured log(1/IC(50)) (IC(50) is 50% inhibitory concentration toward ACE, in μmol/L) of 5 synthetic ACE inhibitory peptides, which was virtual hydrolyzed and screened from a kind of seafood, Phascolosoma esculenta. Accordingly, Libdock method is a valid IC(50) estimation tool and virtual screening method for small ACE inhibitory peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Wu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo Univ, Ningbo, 315211, P.R. China; Zhejiang Key Lab of Exploitation and Preservation of Coastal Bio-resource, Wenzhou, 325005, PR. China
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20
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Gammon CS, Kruger R, Brown SJ, Conlon CA, von Hurst PR, Stonehouse W. Daily kiwifruit consumption did not improve blood pressure and markers of cardiovascular function in men with hypercholesterolemia. Nutr Res 2014; 34:235-40. [PMID: 24655490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption is a key lifestyle modification in the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Kiwifruit has previously been shown to have favorable effects on blood pressure (BP), likely through inhibiting angiotensin I-converting enzyme activity. We hypothesized that the replacement of 2 fruit servings in a healthy diet with 2 green kiwifruit a day would significantly improve BP and other markers of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance, in a group of hypercholesterolemic men. Using a controlled cross-over study design, 85 subjects completed a 4-week healthy diet run-in period before randomization to one of two 4-week intervention sequences in which they either consumed 2 green kiwifruit a day plus a healthy diet (intervention) or consumed a healthy diet alone (control). Blood pressure and other measures of cardiovascular function (using a Finometer MIDI [Finapres Medical Systems B.V, Amsterdam, The Netherlands] and standard oscillometric device) and anthropometric measurements were taken before and at the end of the treatment periods. A physical activity questionnaire was completed during the last visit. Subjects were found to be predominantly normotensive (43.5%) or prehypertensive (50.6%) and quite physically active (>30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity/day in >80% subjects). No significant differences were seen for BP or any of the other markers, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. In conclusion, in this hypercholesterolemic, nonhypertensive group, no beneficial effects on BP or other markers of cardiovascular function were seen when consuming 2 kiwifruit a day against the background of a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl S Gammon
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Stephen J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Ballarat, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathryn A Conlon
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pamela R von Hurst
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Welma Stonehouse
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand; CSIRO Animal, Food and Health Sciences, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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21
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Wijesinghe W, Ko SC, Jeon YJ. Effect of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:93-100. [PMID: 21556221 PMCID: PMC3085808 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is the most common mechanism underlying the lowering of blood pressure. In the present study, five organic extracts of a marine brown seaweed Ecklonia cava were prepared by using ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, and diethyl ether as solvents, which were then tested for their potential ACE inhibitory activities. Ethanol extract showed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 0.96 mg/ml. Five kinds of phlorotannins, phloroglucinol, triphlorethol-A, eckol, dieckol, and eckstolonol, were isolated from ethanol extract of E. cava, which exhibited potential ACE inhibition. Dieckol was the most potent ACE inhibitor and was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor against ACE according to Lineweaver-Burk plots. Dieckol had an inducible effect on the production of NO in EAhy926 cells without having cytotoxic effect. The results of this study indicate that E. cava could be a potential source of phlorotannins with ACE inhibitory activity for utilization in production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.A.J.P. Wijesinghe
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
- Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 695-814, Korea
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