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Karuppaiya V, Annamalai A, Krishnamurthy S, Soundarapandian K. Dieckol prevents prostate cancer cell proliferation by transcriptionally attenuating JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Environ Toxicol 2024; 39:1187-1196. [PMID: 37886886 DOI: 10.1002/tox.24006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
This study delved at how the natural substance dieckol (DCL) prevents prostate cancerous cells from proliferating and migrating by blocking the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in PC-3 cells. For numerous tests, the cells were treated to DCL at a range of concentrations (0-20 μM) for 24 h. DCL mediated cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay. To evaluate ROS, DCFH-DA staining was employed. Dual (AO/EtBr) staining was utilized to examine apoptotic changes, and MMP levels in PC-3 cells were examined using the appropriate fluorescent staining assays. By using flow cytometry and western blotting, the protein expressions of cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis were assessed. The results showed that DCL significantly cytotoxically affects PC-3, and the IC50 was discovered to be 12 μM for 24 h exposure. Furthermore, after DCL treatment in PC-3, considerable ROS generation and increased apoptotic signals were detected. STAT3, JAK1, PCNA, and cyclins D1 and E1 are all suppressed by DCL in PC-3. In addition, DCL therapy in PC-3 dramatically increased pro-apoptotic proteins such Bax, caspase-3, and cytochrome C. Therefore, DCL has been regarded as a chemotherapeutic agent because to its ability to decrease the expression of proteins that control cell proliferation, including STAT3, JAK1, PCNA, and cyclins D1 and E1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vimala Karuppaiya
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine, Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, India
| | - Asaikkutti Annamalai
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Lifesciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | - Shanthi Krishnamurthy
- Department of Biochemistry, Prof. Dhanapalan College of Science and Management, Chennai, India
| | - Kannan Soundarapandian
- Division of Cancer Nanomedicine, Department of Zoology, Periyar University, Salem, India
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Youn K, Ho CT, Jun M. Investigating the Potential Anti-Alzheimer's Disease Mechanism of Marine Polyphenols: Insights from Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:580. [PMID: 37999404 PMCID: PMC10672357 DOI: 10.3390/md21110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine polyphenols, including eckol(EK), dieckol(DK), and 8,8'-bieckol(BK), have attracted attention as bioactive ingredients for preventing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Since AD is a multifactorial disorder, the present study aims to provide an unbiased elucidation of unexplored targets of AD mechanisms and a systematic prediction of effective preventive combinations of marine polyphenols. Based on the omics data between each compound and AD, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to predict potential hub genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to provide further biological insights. In the PPI network of the top 10 hub genes, AKT1, SRC, EGFR, and ESR1 were common targets of EK and BK, whereas PTGS2 was a common target of DK and BK. GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the overlapped genes between each compound and AD were mainly enriched in EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, the MAPK pathway, and the Rap1 and Ras pathways. Finally, docking validation showed stable binding between marine polyphenols and their top hub gene via the lowest binding energy and multiple interactions. The results expanded potential mechanisms and novel targets for AD, and also provided a system-level insight into the molecular targets of marine polyphenols against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
- Center for Food & Bio Innovation, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Republic of Korea
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Kang H, Park CH, Kwon SO, Lee SG. ED Formula, a Complex of Ecklonia cava and Chrysanthemum indicum, Ameliorates Airway Inflammation in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW Macrophages and Ovalbumin-Induced Asthma Mouse Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1185. [PMID: 37631100 PMCID: PMC10458152 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia cava (E. cava) and Chrysanthemum indicum Linne (C. indicum) are natural raw materials known to have beneficial effects on inflammatory-related diseases, as evidenced by various sources in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the airway-protective effects of a formulation called ED, comprising E. cava and C. indicum, by evaluating its potential anti-inflammatory properties. Methods: The major components of ED were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed in RAW 264.7 cells through measurements of nitric oxide's (NO) inhibitory effect, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein expression, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Additionally, the anti-inflammatory effect of ED was evaluated in an ovalbumin-induced asthma model by measuring cytokine levels in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissue. Through HPLC analysis, the major components of ED, dieckol and luteolin, were identified. ED demonstrated no cytotoxicity and effectively reduced NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, ED downregulated COX-2 expression through the MAPK signaling pathway in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. In the ovalbumin-induced asthma model, the ED-treated group exhibited reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue. Furthermore, the ED-treated group showed a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells in BALF and lower serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels compared to the ovalbumin-treated group. These results suggest that ED has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent for improving inflammatory respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Kang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Chan-Hwi Park
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (C.-H.P.)
| | - Sang-Oh Kwon
- S&D Co., Ltd., 473, Mansu-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28156, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sung-Gyu Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Science, Dankook University, Cheonan-si 31116, Chungnam, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (C.-H.P.)
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Dai W, Dai YG, Ren DF, Zhu DW. Dieckol, a natural polyphenolic drug, inhibits the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells by inhibiting PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23313. [PMID: 36683349 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated that dieckol (DKL), a natural drug, inhibits colon cancer cell proliferation and migration by inhibiting phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation in HCT-116 cells. The cells were treated with DKL in various concentrations (32 and 50 μM) for 24 h and then analyzed for various experiments. MTT (tetrazolium bromide) and crystal violet assay investigated DKL-mediated cytotoxicity. Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining was used to assess the reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and apoptotic changes were studied by dual acridine orange and ethidium bromide staining. Protein expression of cell survival, cell cycle, proliferation, and apoptosis protein was evaluated by western blot analysis. Results indicated that DKL produces significant cytotoxicity in HCT-116, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was found to be 32 μM for 24-h incubation. Moreover, effective production of ROS and enhanced apoptotic signs were observed upon DKL treatment in HCT-116. DKL induces the expression of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and mToR-associated enhanced expression of cyclin-D1, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-4, CDK-6, and Bcl-2 in HCT-116. In addition, proapoptotic proteins such as Bax, caspase-9, and caspase-3 were significantly enhanced by DKL treatment in HCT-116. Hence, DKL has been considered a chemotherapeutic drug by impeding the expression of PI3K-, AKT-, and mTOR-mediated inhibition of proliferation and cell cycle-regulating proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Jiangxi, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yong Gang Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Feng Ren
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Shaanxi, Yulin, China
| | - Da Wei Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hongze District People's Hospital, Jiangsu, Huai'an, China
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Kim JM, Chung KS, Yoon YS, Jang SY, Heo SW, Park G, Jang YP, Ahn HS, Shin YK, Lee SH, Lee KT. Dieckol Isolated from Eisenia bicyclis Ameliorates Wrinkling and Improves Skin Hydration via MAPK/AP-1 and TGF-β/Smad Signaling Pathways in UVB-Irradiated Hairless Mice. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120779. [PMID: 36547926 PMCID: PMC9785544 DOI: 10.3390/md20120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the main causes of skin photoaging. We previously reported that dieckol isolated from Eisenia bicyclis extract has potential anti-photoaging effects in UVB-irradiated Hs68 cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the anti-photoaging activity of dieckol in a UVB-irradiated hairless mouse model. In this study, hairless mice were exposed to UVB for eight weeks. At the same time, dieckol at two doses (5 or 10 mg/kg) was administered orally three times a week. We found that dieckol suppressed UVB-induced collagen degradation and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1, -3, and -9 expression by regulating transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)/Smad2/3 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling. In addition, dieckol rescued the production of hyaluronic acid (HA) and effectively restored the mRNA expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS)-1/-2 and hyaluronidase (HYAL)-1/-2 in UVB-irradiated hairless mice. We observed a significant reduction in transepidermal water loss (TEWL), epidermal/dermal thickness, and wrinkle formation in hairless mice administered dieckol. Based on these results, we suggest that dieckol, due to its anti-photoaging role, may be used as a nutricosmetic ingredient for improving skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sook Chung
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Seo Yoon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Yun Jang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Heo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonha Park
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Pyo Jang
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Drug Development and Natural Products, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Shin Ahn
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyong Shin
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Lee
- Department of New Material Development, COSMAXBIO, Seongnam 13486, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tae Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-9610860
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Jo MH, Kim YT, Park SJ. Dieckol Inhibits Autophagic Flux and Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in A375 Human Melanoma Cells via Lysosomal Dysfunction and Mitochondrial Membrane Impairment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214149. [PMID: 36430634 PMCID: PMC9696613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol is a natural brown algal-derived polyphenol and its cytotoxic potential against various types of cancer cells has been studied. However, the effects of dieckol on autophagy in cancer cells remain unknown. Here, we show that dieckol inhibits the growth of A375 human melanoma cells by inducing apoptotic cell death, which is associated with lysosomal dysfunction and the inhibition of autophagic flux. Dieckol induces autophagosome accumulation by inhibiting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. Moreover, dieckol not only triggers lysosomal membrane permeabilization, followed by an increase in lysosomal pH and the inactivation of cathepsin B and D, but also causes the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Importantly, a cathepsin D inhibitor partially relieved dieckol-induced mitochondrial membrane impairment and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Collectively, our findings indicate that dieckol is a novel autophagy inhibitor that induces apoptosis-mediated cell death via lysosomal dysfunction and mitochondrial membrane impairment in A375 human melanoma cells. This suggests the novel potential value of dieckol as a chemotherapeutic drug candidate for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hee Jo
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Tae Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Sun Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-T.K.); (S.J.P.)
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Shin HC, Kim Y, Choi J, Kang HB, Han SY, Park K, Hwang HJ. Regioselective Synthesis of 6- O-Acetyl Dieckol and Its Selective Cytotoxicity against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:683. [PMID: 36355006 PMCID: PMC9695823 DOI: 10.3390/md20110683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dieckol, a phlorotannin from Ecklonia cava, has shown potential for use as an anticancer agent that selectively kills cancer cells. However, it is necessary to amplify its potency without damaging its inherent safety in order to develop it as a competitive chemotherapeutic. Here, we explored the controlled O-acylations of dieckol. Acyl groups could be consistently introduced to the 6-O position of dieckol with a high regioselectivity, which was confirmed by NOESY, HMBC and HSQC spectroscopies. In cytotoxicity studies on the newly synthesized 6-O-acetyl, 6-O-benzoyl dieckols and previously synthesized 6-O-alkyl dieckols against A549 vs. normal cells, all of the derivatives showed low cytotoxicity in normal cells with an IC50 of 481-719 μM, and highly structure-dependent cytotoxicity in A549 cells with an IC50 of 7.02 (acetyl)-842.26 (benzyl) μM. The selectivity index also showed a large structure dependency in the range of 0.67 (benzyl)-68.58 (acetyl). An analysis of the structure-activity relationship indicated that the activity was dramatically reduced in the presence of a benzene ring and was highly increased in the presence of small polar substituents. Conclusions: Controlled mono-O-modifications of dieckol could be a powerful tool to enhance the anticancer activity of dieckol, thus contributing to the development strategy for dieckol-based chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, The State University of New York, Korea, 119 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Yongkyun Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jaeyeong Choi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hyun Bae Kang
- Healinnols Inc., 1662 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- College of Medicine, Konyang University, 158 Gwanjeodong-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon 35365, Korea
| | - Kwangyong Park
- School of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Hwang
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, The State University of New York, Korea, 119 Songdomunhwa-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21985, Korea
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Li H, Oh SH, Shin HC, Suh MW. Intratympanic Administration of Dieckol Prevents Ototoxic Hearing Loss. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20100622. [PMID: 36286446 PMCID: PMC9604621 DOI: 10.3390/md20100622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic administration of dieckol reportedly ameliorates acute hearing loss. In this study, dieckol was delivered to the inner ear by the intratympanic route. The functional and anatomic effects and safety of dieckol were assessed using the rat ototoxicity model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dieckol in a high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid vehicle (dieckol+vehicle group) or vehicle without dieckol (vehicle-only group) were randomly delivered into 12 ears intratympanically. Ototoxic hearing loss was induced by intravenous administration of cisplatin, gentamicin, and furosemide. The hearing threshold and surviving outer hair cells (OHC) were enumerated. Biocompatibility was assessed by serial endoscopy of the tympanic membrane (TM), and the histology of the TM and the base of bulla (BB) mucosa was quantitatively assessed. RESULTS The hearing threshold was significantly better (difference of 20 dB SPL) in the dieckol+vehicle group than in the vehicle-only group. The number of surviving OHCs was significantly greater in the dieckol+vehicle group than in the vehicle-only group. There were no signs of inflammation or infection in the ear. The thickness of the TM and the BB mucosa did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSION Intratympanic local delivery of dieckol may be a safe and effective method to prevent ototoxic hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- Center for Molecular Intelligence, The State University of New York, Incheon 21985, Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-3649; Fax: +82-2-745-2387
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Kim HS, Je JG, An H, Baek K, Lee JM, Yim MJ, Ko SC, Kim JY, Oh GW, Kang MC, Ham YM, Jeon YJ, Lee DS. Isolation and Characterization of Efficient Active Compounds Using High-Performance Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (CPC) from Anti-Inflammatory Activity Fraction of Ecklonia maxima in South Africa. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:471. [PMID: 35892939 PMCID: PMC9394317 DOI: 10.3390/md20080471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecklonia maxima is a brown seaweed, which is abundantly distributed in South Africa. This study investigated an efficient approach using high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC), which has been successfully developed for the isolation and purification of phlorotannins, eckmaxol, and dieckol from the ethyl acetate fraction of E. maxima (EEM). We evaluated EEM for its inhibitory effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in zebrafish embryos. The separation of eckmaxol and dieckol from samples of EEM using HPCPC was found to be of high purity and yield under an optimal solvent system composed of n-hexane:ethyl acetate:methanol:water (2:7:3:7, v/v/v/v). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory efficacy of EEM containing active compounds, zebrafish embryos exposed to LPS were compared with and without EEM treatment for nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cell death two days after fertilization. These evaluations indicate that EEM alleviated inflammation by inhibiting cell death, ROS, and NO generation induced by LPS treatment. According to these results, eckmaxol and dieckol isolated from brown seaweed E. maxima could be considered effective anti-inflammatory agents as pharmaceutical and functional food ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Soo Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Jun-Geon Je
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Hyesuck An
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Kyunghwa Baek
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Jeong Min Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Mi-Jin Yim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Ji-Yul Kim
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Gun-Woo Oh
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
| | - Min-Cheol Kang
- Research Group of Food Processing Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Wanju-gun 55365, Korea;
| | - Young Min Ham
- Korea Jeju Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, Jeju 63608, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Dae-Sung Lee
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, 75, Jangsan-ro 101 gil, Janghang-eup, Seocheon 33662, Korea; (H.-S.K.); (H.A.); (K.B.); (J.M.L.); (M.-J.Y.); (S.-C.K.); (J.-Y.K.); (G.-W.O.)
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Wang H, Yang L, Chao J. Antiosteoporosis and bone protective effect of dieckol against glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:932488. [PMID: 36060953 PMCID: PMC9437630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.932488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids (GCs) induce osteoporosis, which results in fractures in the bond, causing significant morbidity. In the conducted study, we examined the antiosteoporosis effect of dieckol against GC-induced osteoporosis in rats. METHODS Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for the current study and dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) induced osteoporosis in the rats that received the dieckol (test) and alendronate (standard) for 20 weeks. Bone turnover parameters, microCT, antioxidant, inflammatory cytokines, nutrient, and hormones parameters. RESULTS Dieckol noticeably suppressed the body weight and boosted the uterine and vagina weight. Dieckol considerably altered the level of trabecular number (Tb. N), the bone volume to total volume (BV/TV), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), bone surface to bone volume (BS/BV), and trabecular thickness (Tb.Th). Dieckol noticeably (P < 0.001) elevated the level of osteocalcin (OC) and alleviated the level of bone Gla protein (BGP), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and β-CTx. Dieckol markedly boosted the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and suppressed the level of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Dieckol remarkably increased the level of calcium, potassium, magnesium, and 25 (OH) vitamin D. Dieckol substantially (P < 0.001) boosted the level of estradiol and alleviated the level of parathyroid hormone and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Dieckol also suppressed the level of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and boosted the level of osteoprotegerin (OPG). CONCLUSION Taken together, our data suggest that dieckol demonstrated the anti-osteoporosis effect against GC-induced osteoporosis in rats.
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Oh S, Yang JY, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Reduces Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Angiotensin Type II Type 1 Receptor and NADPH Oxidase in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1561. [PMID: 34679696 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system is involved in the development of hypertension and sarcopenia. Increased levels of angiotensin II (Ang II) lead to upregulation of Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which results in increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox). Increased ROS led to increased helper T17 (Th17) and decreased regulatory T (Treg) cells through HIF-1α. Increased Th17 secretes more IL-17, leading to increased NF-κB and muscle atrophy. We evaluated the effect of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) and dieckol (DK) on attenuating muscle atrophy by decreasing AT1R and NOX activity in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs). The serum levels of Ang II and expression of AT1R in the muscle were higher in SHRs than in normotensive animals of Wistar-Kyoto rats (2.4 and 1.8 times higher than WKY, respectively). The expression of AT1R decreased by ECE or DK (0.62 and 0.84 times lower than SHR, respectively). In SHRs, the expression of Nox 1, 2, and 4 were increased (1.2-1.15 times higher than WKY) but were decreased by the administration of ECE (0.8-0.9 times lower than SHR) or DK (0.7-0.9 times lower than SHR). The Nox activity was increased in SHRs (2.3 times more than WKY) and it was decreased by ECE (0.9 times lower than SHRs) and DK (0.9 times lower than SHRs). The expression of HIF-1α, a marker of Th17 (RORγt), and cytokine secreted by Th17 (IL-17) was increased in SHRs and was decreased by ECE or DK. The marker of Treg (Foxp3) and cytokine secreted from Treg cells (IL-10) was decreased in SHRs and was increased by ECE or DK. The expression of NF-κB/IL-1β/TNF-α and MuRF-1/MAFbx/atrogin-1 was increased in SHRs and these were decreased by ECE or DK. The cross-sectional area of muscle fiber was decreased in SHRs (0.7 times lower than WKY) and was increased by ECE (1.3 times greater than SHR) or DK (1.5 times greater than SHR). In conclusion, ECE or DK leads to a decreased expression of AT1R and Nox activity which modulates Th17/Treg balance and consequently, decreased muscle atrophy.
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Decreases Caloric Intake and Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:495. [PMID: 34564157 PMCID: PMC8469311 DOI: 10.3390/md19090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is the main pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation affects lymphatic vessel function that contributes to the removal of immune cells or macromolecules. Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels with decreased permeability are present in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to increase body weight, food intake, and inflammation in the liver. Previously, it was reported that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) decreased food intake or weight gain, and low-calorie diet and weight loss is known as a treatment for NAFLD. In this study, the effects of ECE and dieckol (DK)-which is one component of ECE that decreases inflammation and increases lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage by controlling lymphatic permeability in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice-on weight gain and food intake were investigated. ECE and DK decreased weight gain and food intake in the HFD-fed mice. NAFLD activities such as steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning were increased by HFD and attenuated by ECE and DK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and infiltration of M1 macrophages were increased by HFD, and they were decreased by ECE or DK. The signaling pathways of lymphangiogenesis, VEGFR-3, PI3K/pAKT, and pERK were decreased by HFD, and they were restored by either ECE or DK. The expression of VE-cadherin (which represents lymphatic junctional function) was increased by HFD, although it was restored by either ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE and DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing weight gain and food intake, decreasing inflammation, and increasing lymphangiogenesis, as well as modulating lymphatic vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
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13
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Woo H, Kim MK, Park S, Han SH, Shin HC, Kim BG, Oh SH, Suh MW, Lee JH, Park MK. Effect of Phlorofucofuroeckol A and Dieckol Extracted from Ecklonia cava on Noise-induced Hearing Loss in a Mouse Model. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:443. [PMID: 34436282 PMCID: PMC8400186 DOI: 10.3390/md19080443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the well-known causes of hearing loss is noise. Approximately 31.1% of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 years (61.1 million people) have high-frequency hearing loss associated with noise exposure. In addition, recurrent noise exposure can accelerate age-related hearing loss. Phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFF-A) and dieckol, polyphenols extracted from the brown alga Ecklonia cava, are potent antioxidant agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of PFF-A and dieckol on the consequences of noise exposure in mice. In 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, dieckol and PFF-A both showed significant radical-scavenging activity. The mice were exposed to 115 dB SPL of noise one single time for 2 h. Auditory brainstem response(ABR) threshold shifts 4 h after 4 kHz noise exposure in mice that received dieckol were significantly lower than those in the saline with noise group. The high-PFF-A group showed a lower threshold shift at click and 16 kHz 1 day after noise exposure than the control group. The high-PFF-A group also showed higher hair cell survival than in the control at 3 days after exposure in the apical turn. These results suggest that noise-induced hair cell damage in cochlear and the ABR threshold shift can be alleviated by dieckol and PFF-A in the mouse. Derivatives of these compounds may be applied to individuals who are inevitably exposed to noise, contributing to the prevention of noise-induced hearing loss with a low probability of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjun Woo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Min-Kyung Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Sohyeon Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Hyeon-Cheol Shin
- CEWIT Center for Systems Biology, State University of New York, Incheon 21985, Korea;
| | - Byeong-gon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jun-Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Moo-Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea; (H.W.); (M.-K.K.); (S.P.); (S.-H.H.); (B.-g.K.); (S.-H.O.); (M.-W.S.); (J.-H.L.)
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Hongcheon 25159, Korea
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Oh S, Yang J, Park C, Son K, Byun K. Dieckol Attenuated Glucocorticoid-Induced Muscle Atrophy by Decreasing NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8057. [PMID: 34360821 PMCID: PMC8348567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dexamethasone (Dexa), frequently used as an anti-inflammatory agent, paradoxically leads to muscle inflammation and muscle atrophy. Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) lead to nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome formation through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) upregulation. NLRP3 inflammasome results in pyroptosis and is associated with the Murf-1 and atrogin-1 upregulation involved in protein degradation and muscle atrophy. The effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and dieckol (DK) on attenuating Dexa-induced muscle atrophy were evaluated by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation in the muscles of Dexa-treated animals. The binding of AGE or high mobility group protein 1 to RAGE or TLR4 was increased by Dexa but significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The downstream signaling pathways of RAGE (c-Jun N-terminal kinase or p38) were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. NF-κB, downstream of RAGE or TLR4, was increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE or DK. The NLRP3 inflammasome component (NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like), cleaved caspase -1, and cleaved gasdermin D, markers of pyroptosis, were increased by Dexa but decreased by ECE and DK. Interleukin-1β/Murf-1/atrogin-1 expression was increased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. The mean muscle fiber cross-sectional area and grip strength were decreased by Dexa but restored by ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated Dexa-induced muscle atrophy by decreasing NLRP3 inflammasome formation and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinyoung Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chulhyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kukhui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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15
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Paudel P, Seong SH, Park SE, Ryu JH, Jung HA, Choi JS. In Vitro and In Silico Characterization of G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR) Targets of Phlorofucofuroeckol-A and Dieckol. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:326. [PMID: 34199834 PMCID: PMC8228075 DOI: 10.3390/md19060326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phlorotannins are polyphenolic compounds in marine alga, especially the brown algae. Among numerous phlorotannins, dieckol and phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A) are the major ones and despite a wider biological activity profile, knowledge of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) targets of these phlorotannins is lacking. This study explores prime GPCR targets of the two phlorotannins. In silico proteocheminformatics modeling predicted twenty major protein targets and in vitro functional assays showed a good agonist effect at the α2C adrenergic receptor (α2CAR) and an antagonist effect at the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR), δ-opioid receptor (δ-OPR), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), and 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-TH1AR) of both phlorotannins. Besides, dieckol showed an antagonist effect at the vasopressin 1A receptor (V1AR) and PFF-A showed a promising agonist effect at the cannabinoid 1 receptor and an antagonist effect at V1AR. In silico molecular docking simulation enabled us to investigate and identify distinct binding features of these phlorotannins to the target proteins. The docking results suggested that dieckol and PFF-A bind to the crystal structures of the proteins with good affinity involving key interacting amino acid residues comparable to reference ligands. Overall, the present study suggests α2CAR, A2AR, δ-OPR, GLP-1R, 5-TH1AR, CB1R, and V1AR as prime receptor targets of dieckol and PFF-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Natural Products Research Division, Honam National Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Korea
| | - Se Eun Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, Asan Medical Institute of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul 05505, Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Ryu
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea;
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea; (P.P.); (S.H.S.); (S.E.P.)
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Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Pyeon DB, Lee SE, Yoon JW, Park HJ, Park CO, Kim SH, Oh SH, Lee DG, Kim EY, Park SP. The antioxidant dieckol reduces damage of oxidative stress-exposed porcine oocytes and enhances subsequent parthenotes embryo development. Mol Reprod Dev 2021; 88:349-361. [PMID: 33843103 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of the antioxidant dieckol, a component of Ecklonia cava, on maturation and developmental competence of porcine oocytes exposed to oxidative stress in vitro. Oocytes were matured in in vitro maturation (IVM) medium containing various concentrations of dieckol. The blastocyst formation rate was highest in the 0.5 μM dieckol-treated (0.5 DEK) group. The reactive oxygen species level was decreased, and the level of glutathione and expression of antioxidant genes (NFE2L, SOD1, and SOD2) at metaphase II were increased in the 0.5 DEK group. Abnormal spindle organization and chromosome misalignment were prevented in the 0.5 DEK group. Expression of maternal markers (CCNB1 and MOS) and activity of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase were increased in the 0.5 DEK group. After parthenogenetic activation, the total number of cells per blastocyst was increased and the percentage of apoptotic cells was decreased in the 0.5 DEK group. Expression of development-related genes (CX45, CDX2, POU5F1, and NANOG), antiapoptotic genes (BCL2L1 and BIRC5), and a proapoptotic gene (CASP3) were altered in the 0.5 DEK group. These results indicate that the antioxidant dieckol improves IVM and subsequent development of porcine oocytes and can be used to improve the quality of oocytes under peroxidation experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bin Pyeon
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Jae-Wook Yoon
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Chan-Oh Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Oh
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Do-Geon Lee
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
| | - Se-Pill Park
- Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Stem Cell Research Center, Jeju National University, Jeju-si, Jeju Province, Korea
- Mirae Cell Bio, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Son M, Oh S, Choi J, Jang JT, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on Hypertensive Nephropathy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084230. [PMID: 33921823 PMCID: PMC8073021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces renal fibrosis or tubular interstitial fibrosis, which eventually results in end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Though previous studies showed that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) and dieckol (DK) had inhibitory action on angiotensin (Ang) I-converting enzyme, which converts Ang I to Ang II. It is known that Ang II is involved in renal fibrosis; however, it was not evaluated whether ECE or DK attenuated hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT. In this study, the effect of ECE and DK on decreasing Ang II and its down signal pathway of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)/TGFβ/SMAD, which is related with the EMT and restoring renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), was investigated. Either ECE or DK significantly decreased the serum level of Ang II in the SHRs. Moreover, the renal expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD was decreased by the administration of either ECE or DK. The mesenchymal cell markers in the kidney of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The fibrotic tissue of the kidney of SHRs was also significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The ratio of urine albumin/creatinine of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. Overall, the results of this study indicate that ECE and DK decreased the serum levels of Ang II and expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD, and then decreased the EMT and renal fibrosis in SHRs. Furthermore, the decrease in EMT and renal fibrosis could lead to the restoration of renal function. It seems that ECE or DK could be beneficial for decreasing hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
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Lu YA, Je JG, Hwang J, Jeon YJ, Ryu B. Ecklonia cava Extract and Its Derivative Dieckol Promote Vasodilation by Modulating Calcium Signaling and PI3K/AKT/eNOS Pathway in In Vitro and In Vivo Models. Biomedicines 2021; 9:438. [PMID: 33921856 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), an endothelial-derived relaxing factor synthesized by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells, enhances vasodilation by modulating vascular tone. The calcium concentration critically influences eNOS activation in endothelial cells. Thus, modulation of calcium-dependent signaling pathways may be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance vasodilation. Marine algae reportedly possess protective effects against cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension and vascular dysfunction; however, the underlying molecular signaling pathways remain elusive. In the present study, we extracted and isolated dieckol from Ecklonia cava and investigated calcium transit-enhanced vasodilation. Calcium modulation via the well-known M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (AchM3R), which is linked to NO formation, was investigated and the vasodilatory effect of dieckol was verified. Our results indicated that dieckol effectively promoted NO generation via the PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis and calcium transients influenced by AchM3R. We also treated Tg(flk: EGFP) transgenic zebrafish with dieckol to assess its vasodilatory effect. Dieckol promoted vasodilation by enlarging the dorsal aorta diameter, thus regulating blood flow velocity. In conclusion, our findings suggest that dieckol modulates calcium transit through AchM3R, increases endothelial-dependent NO production, and efficiently enhances vasodilation. Thus, E. cava and its derivative, dieckol, can be considered as potential natural vasodilators.
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Yoon JH, Lee N, Youn K, Jo MR, Kim HR, Lee DS, Ho CT, Jun M. Dieckol Ameliorates Aβ Production via PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Regulated APP Processing in SweAPP N2a Cell. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030152. [PMID: 33804171 PMCID: PMC8001366 DOI: 10.3390/md19030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase releases amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), which deposits in amyloid plaques and contributes to the initial causative events of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In the present study, the regulatory mechanism of APP processing of three phlorotannins was elucidated in Swedish mutant APP overexpressed N2a (SweAPP N2a) cells. Among the tested compounds, dieckol exhibited the highest inhibitory effect on both intra- and extracellular Aβ accumulation. In addition, dieckol regulated the APP processing enzymes, such as α-secretase (ADAM10), β-secretase, and γ-secretase, presenilin-1 (PS1), and their proteolytic products, sAPPα and sAPPβ, implying that the compound acts on both the amyloidogenic and non-amyloidogenic pathways. In addition, dieckol increased the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473 and GSK-3β at Ser9, suggesting dieckol induced the activation of Akt, which phosphorylated GSK-3β. The specific phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002 triggered GSK-3β activation and Aβ expression. In addition, co-treatment with LY294002 noticeably blocked the effect of dieckol on Aβ production, demonstrating that dieckol promoted the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn inactivated GSK-3β, resulting in the reduction in Aβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Nayoung Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
| | - Mi Ra Jo
- Division of Food Safety and Processing Research, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea;
| | - Hyeung-Rak Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea;
| | - Dong-Seok Lee
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Health Sciences, The graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea; (J.-H.Y.); (N.L.)
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-51-200-7323
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21
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Oh S, Shim M, Son M, Jang JT, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on Endothelial Cell Dysfunction via Modulation of Th17/Treg Balance in the Intestine and Aorta of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:298. [PMID: 33669285 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruptions of the Treg/Th17 cell balance and gut barrier function are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Dieckol (DK) obtained from Ecklonia cava and E. cava extract (ECE) decreases blood pressure by reducing inflammation; however, it has not been elucidated whether DK or ECE modulates the Treg/Th17 balance, changes the gut epithelial barrier, or decreases endothelial cell dysfunction. We evaluated the effects of ECE and DK on gut barrier and the Treg/Th17 balance in the intestine and aorta, with regard to endothelial dysfunction, using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model. The level of Th17 cells increased and that of Treg cells decreased in the intestine of SHRs compared to normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rat. These changes were attenuated by ECE or DK treatment. Additionally, the serum IL-17A level increased in SHRs more than WKY; this was decreased by ECE or DK treatment. The level of Treg cells decreased and that of Th17 cells increased in the aorta of SHRs. These changes were attenuated by ECE or DK treatment. The NF-κB and IL-6 levels were increased in SHRs, but these changes were reversed by ECE or DK treatment. Endothelial cell dysfunction, which was evaluated using peNOS/eNOS, nitrate/nitrite ratio, and NADPH oxidase activity, increased in the aorta of SHRs, but was decreased by ECE or DK treatment. The Treg/Th17 balance in the intestine and aorta of SHRs was attenuated and endothelial cell dysfunction was attenuated through the Th17/NF-κB/IL-6 pathway by ECE or DK.
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Xu JW, Yan Y, Wang L, Wu D, Ye NK, Chen SH, Li F. Marine bioactive compound dieckol induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of human pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 35:e22648. [PMID: 33051972 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer, which threatens the global population, is a very aggressive disease with an increased mortality rate. Regarding the types of cancer, pancreatic cancer is prone to display significant resistance to conventional therapy, therefore there 5-year survival rate is only 2% to 9%. Bioactive metabolites of marine algae such as polysaccharides, chitin, carternoids, and sterols possess immense pharmacological properties and tend to be promising alternatives for cancer treatment. Dieckol is one such polyphenolic bioactive compound extracted from brown algae Ecklonia cava, which is proven to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic properties. Therefore in the present study, we analyzed the anticancer property of dieckol on PANC-1 pancreatic carcinoma cells. The cytotoxicity property of dieckol against PANC-1 cells was assessed with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and cell morphological analysis. The generation of reactive oxygen species by dieckol on PANC-1 was analyzed with DCFH-DA staining and confirmed by quantifying antioxidants levels in untreated and dieckol-treated PANC-1 cells. The induction of apoptosis was further evaluated with different staining techniques such as Rhodamine 123 staining, acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, DAPI staining, propidium iodide staining and was confirmed by estimating the protein expression of apoptotic genes, Bax and Bcl2. Cell adhesion assay and estimation of inflammatory cytokines were performed to detect the inhibitory effect of dieckol against cancer cell progression. It is further confirmed by analyzing cancer cell progression proteins, that is, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin D1 expressions in untreated and dieckol-treated PANC-1 cells. Our overall results authentically prove dieckol persuasively induces apoptosis and inhibits the progression of human pancreatic cancer cells in vitro, suggesting dieckol as a potent marine-based phytochemical to treat pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wei Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Yan
- Departments of Ultrasound, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nai Kuan Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Shi Hong Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Yoon M, Kim JS, Seo S, Lee K, Um MY, Lee J, Jung J, Cho S. Dieckol, a Major Marine Polyphenol, Enhances Non-Rapid Eye Movement Sleep in Mice via the GABA A-Benzodiazepine Receptor. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:494. [PMID: 32362829 PMCID: PMC7181965 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We had previously demonstrated that phlorotannins, which are marine polyphenols, enhance sleep in mice via the GABAA-benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor. Among the constituents of phlorotannin, dieckol is a major marine polyphenol from the brown alga Ecklonia cava. Although phlorotannins are known to exert hypnotic effects, the sleep-enhancing effect of dieckol has not yet been determined. We evaluated the effect of dieckol on sleep-wake state of mice by analyzing electroencephalograms (EEGs) and electromyograms. Flumazenil, a GABAA-BZD antagonist, was used to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of dieckol on sleep. The polygraphic recordings and corresponding hypnograms revealed that dieckol accelerated the initiation of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS); it shortened sleep latency and increased NREMS duration. According to the change in time-course, dieckol showed sleep-enhancing effects by increasing the amount of NREMS and decreasing wakefulness during the same hours. Additionally, sleep quality was evaluated by analyzing the EEG power density, and dieckol was found to not affect sleep intensity while zolpidem was found to reduce it. Finally, we treated mice with zolpidem or dieckol in combination with flumazenil and found the latter to inhibit the sleep-enhancing effect of dieckol and zolpidem, thereby indicating that dieckol exerts sleep-enhancing effects by activating the GABAA-BZD receptor, similar to zolpidem. These results implied that dieckol can be used as a promising herbal sleep aid with minimal side effects, unlike the existing hypnotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Yoon
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong, South Korea
| | - Sangwoo Seo
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kiwon Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Min Young Um
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jaekwang Lee
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jonghoon Jung
- Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology/Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan, South Korea
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24
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Nho JA, Shin YS, Jeong HR, Cho S, Heo HJ, Kim GH, Kim DO. Neuroprotective Effects of Phlorotannin-Rich Extract from Brown Seaweed Ecklonia cava on Neuronal PC-12 and SH-SY5Y Cells with Oxidative Stress. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 30:359-367. [PMID: 31752064 PMCID: PMC9728360 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1910.10068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders in the elderly are characterized by gradual loss of memory and cognitive function. Oxidative stress caused by reactive oxygen species is associated with progressive neuronal cell damage and death in Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. An edible brown seaweed, Ecklonia cava, contains a variety of biologically active compounds such as phlorotannins. In this study, we comparatively evaluated the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotective effects of the phlorotannin-rich extract from E. cava (PEEC). The total phenolic content of PEEC and dieckol was 810.8 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g and 996.6 mg GAE/g, respectively. Antioxidant capacity of PEEC was 1,233.8 mg vitamin C equivalents (VCE)/g and 392.1 mg VCE/g determined using ABTS and DPPH assays, respectively, while those of dieckol were 2,238.4 mg VCE/g and 817.7 mg VCE/g. High-performance liquid chromatography results revealed 48.08 ± 0.67 mg dieckol/g of PEEC. PEEC had neuroprotective effects in pheochromocytoma (PC-12) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells against H2O2- and AAPH-induced oxidative damage, partly due to reduced intracellular oxidative stress. PEEC treatment inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings suggest that PEEC is a good source of antioxidants and neuroprotective materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ah Nho
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 704, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sub Shin
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Ram Jeong
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Suengmok Cho
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 4851, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jin Heo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Plus), Institute of Agricultural and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun Hee Kim
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, Duksung Women’s University, Seoul 01369, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 704, Republic of Korea,Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-31-201-3796 Fax: +82-31-204-8116 E-mail:
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25
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Rosa GP, Tavares WR, Sousa PMC, Pagès AK, Seca AML, Pinto DCGA. Seaweed Secondary Metabolites with Beneficial Health Effects: An Overview of Successes in In Vivo Studies and Clinical Trials. Mar Drugs 2019; 18:E8. [PMID: 31861879 PMCID: PMC7024274 DOI: 10.3390/md18010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae are increasingly viewed as a source of secondary metabolites with great potential for the development of new drugs. In this development, in vitro studies are only the first step in a long process, while in vivo studies and clinical trials are the most revealing stages of the true potential and limitations that a given metabolite may have as a new drug. This literature review aims to give a critical overview of the secondary metabolites that reveal the most interesting results in these two steps. Phlorotannins show great pharmaceutical potential in in vivo models and, among the several examples, the anti-dyslipidemia activity of dieckol must be highlighted because it was more effective than lovastatin in an in vivo model. The IRLIIVLMPILMA tridecapeptide that exhibits an in vivo level of activity similar to the hypotensive clinical drug captopril should still be stressed, as well as griffithsin which showed such stunning results over a variety of animal models and which will probably move onto clinical trials soon. Regarding clinical trials, studies with pure algal metabolites are scarce, limited to those carried out with kahalalide F and fucoxanthin. The majority of clinical trials currently aim to ascertain the effect of algae consumption, as extracts or fractions, on obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo P. Rosa
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
| | - Wilson R. Tavares
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Pedro M. C. Sousa
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Aida K. Pagès
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Azores, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal; (W.R.T.); (P.M.C.S.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Ana M. L. Seca
- cE3c—Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group & University of Azores, Rua Mãe de Deus, 9501-801 Ponta Delgada, Portugal;
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Diana C. G. A. Pinto
- QOPNA & LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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26
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Wang CH, Li XF, Jin LF, Zhao Y, Zhu GJ, Shen WZ. Dieckol inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22346. [PMID: 31291034 PMCID: PMC6771741 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non‐small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent type of lung cancers with an increased mortality rate in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Dieckol is one such polyphenolic drug extracted from brown algae which has proven antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer property of dieckol against NSCLC cell line A549. The LC50 value of dieckol was found to be 25 µg/mL by performing 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the antiapoptotic property of dieckol was analyzed by dual staining technique with acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) stains. It was further confirmed with flow cytometry analysis with Annexin FITC and JC‐1 staining and the anti‐invasive property was assessed by Transwell assay. The molecular mechanism of dieckol anticancer activity was confirmed by estimating the levels of caspases and by estimating the signaling proteins of Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using the immunoblotting technique. Our data suggest that dieckol is potent anticancer agent, it effectively inhibits the invasive and migratory property A549 cells and it also induces apoptosis via inhibiting Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, activating the tumor suppressor protein E‐cadherin signifying that dieckol is potent natural anticancer drug to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li-Fang Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Geng-Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Seong SH, Paudel P, Choi JW, Ahn DH, Nam TJ, Jung HA, Choi JS. Probing Multi-Target Action of Phlorotannins as New Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors and Dopaminergic Receptor Modulators with the Potential for Treatment of Neuronal Disorders. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E377. [PMID: 31238535 PMCID: PMC6627067 DOI: 10.3390/md17060377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of multiple protein targets with a single compound is essential for the effective treatment of central nervous system disorders. In our previous G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) cell-based study, a selective human monoamine oxidase (hMAO)-A inhibitor, eckol, stimulated activity of dopamine D3 and D4 receptors. This result led to our interest in marine phlorotannin-mediated modulation of hMAO enzymes and related GPCRs in neuronal disorders. Here, we evaluate the multi-target effects of phloroglucinol, phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFF-A), and dieckol by screening their modulatory activity against hMAO-A and -B and various neuronal GPCRs. Among the tested phlorotannins, PFF-A showed the strongest inhibitory activity against both hMAO isoforms, with higher selectivity toward hMAO-B than hMAO-A. Enzyme kinetics and docking data revealed that PFF-A noncompetitively acts on hMAOs into the alternative binding pocket of enzymes with allosteric functions. In a functional assay for GPCR screening, dieckol and PFF-A exhibited a multi-target combination of D3R/D4R agonism and D1/5HT1A/NK1 antagonism. In particular, they effectively stimulated D3R and D4R, compared to other GPCRs. Docking analysis confirmed that dieckol and PFF-A successfully docked into the conserved active sites of D3R and D4R and interacted with aspartyl and serine residues in the orthosteric binding pockets of the respective receptors. Based on our experimental and computational data, we established the structure-activity relationship between tested phlorotannins and target proteins, including hMAOs and GPCRs. Our current findings suggest that hMAO inhibitors dieckol and PFF-A, major phlorotannins of edible brown algae with multi-action on GPCRs, are potential agents for treatment of psychological disorders and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hui Seong
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Pradeep Paudel
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Jeong-Wook Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Dong Hyun Ahn
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
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Ha JW, Song H, Hong SS, Boo YC. Marine Alga Ecklonia cava Extract and Dieckol Attenuate Prostaglandin E 2 Production in HaCaT Keratinocytes Exposed to Airborne Particulate Matter. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E190. [PMID: 31234405 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atmospheric particulate matter (PM) is an important cause of skin damage, and an increasing number of studies have been conducted to discover safe, natural materials that can alleviate the oxidative stress and inflammation caused by PM. It has been previously shown that the extract of Ecklonia cava Kjellman, a perennial brown macroalga, can alleviate oxidative stress in epidermal keratinocytes exposed to PM less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10). The present study was undertaken to further examine the anti-inflammatory effects of E. cava extract and its major polyphenolic constituent, dieckol. HaCaT keratinocytes were exposed to PM10 in the presence or absence of E. cava extract or dieckol and analyzed for their viability, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release, and gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1, COX-2, microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1, mPGES-2, and cytosolic prostaglandin E2 synthase (cPGES). PM10 treatment decreased cell viability and increased the production of PGE2, and these changes were partially abrogated by E. cava extract. E. cava extract also attenuated the expression of COX-1, COX-2, and mPGES-2 stimulated by PM10. Dieckol attenuated PGE2 production and the gene expression of COX-1, COX-2, and mPGES-1 stimulated by PM10. This study demonstrates that E. cava extract and dieckol alleviate airborne PM10-induced PGE2 production in keratinocytes through the inhibition of gene expression of COX-1, COX-2, mPGES-1, and/or mPGES-2. Thus, E. cava extract and dieckol are potentially useful natural cosmetic ingredients for counteracting the pro-inflammatory effects of airborne PM.
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Abstract
Natural marine-derived compounds show excellent biological activities. Isolation, characterization and applications of marine derived compounds show a promising way to develop novel drugs to treat various diseases. Phlorotannins are one of the main compounds which are commonly isolated from the brown seaweeds. The structural unit of phlorotannins is made-up of polyphenolic units. Due to the unique structures, phlorotannins show a variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, antitumor, antidiabetics, radio protective, antiadipogenic, and anti-allergic effects. In the current chapter, we have discussed general information on phlorotannins, extraction procedure and their biological activities in detail. From the scientific literature, phlorotannins can be potentially useful in the development of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.
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Jang SK, Lee DI, Kim ST, Kim GH, Park DW, Park JY, Han D, Choi JK, Lee YB, Han NS, Kim YB, Han J, Joo SS. The anti-aging properties of a human placental hydrolysate combined with dieckol isolated from Ecklonia cava. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:345. [PMID: 26438076 PMCID: PMC4594884 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0876-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS In the present study, we aimed to examine the anti-aging properties of human placental hydrolysate (HPE) and dieckol (DE) from Ecklonia cava against free radical scavenging, muscle hypertrophy-related follistatin mRNA expression, amelioration of cognition-related genes and proteins, inhibition of collagenase-regulating genes, and elastinase activity. METHODS The anti-aging effects were examined in human fibroblast (CCD986sk), mouse myoblast (C2C12), and neuroblastoma (N2a) cell models, by employing various assays such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) scavenging, hydroxyl radical-mediated oxidation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme activity, and immunocytochemistry observation. RESULTS Our results show that HPE combined with DE (HPE:DE) strongly scavenged DPPH radicals and protected proteins against degradation by hydroxyl radical attack. HPE:DE effectively inhibited matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression, protein kinase C alpha expression, and elastinase activity. Furthermore, HPE:DE improved the expression of cognition-related genes (choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter). These events may proactively contribute to retard the aging processes and the abrupt physiological changes probably induced by mitochondrial dysfunction with aging. CONCLUSIONS Based on these findings, we conclude that the combined treatment of HPE:DE may be useful for anti-aging therapy in which the accumulation of oxidative damage is the main driving force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Kil Jang
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Ik Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Kim
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hoon Kim
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Woon Park
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youl Park
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 305-719, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Han
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kwon Choi
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, 361-782, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-bok Lee
- Central Research Institute, Dr. Chung's Food Co. Ltd., Chungbuk, 361-782, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Soo Han
- Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Bae Kim
- Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk, 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongsu Han
- DF-Dr. Han Biotech., Shaoyaojubeili, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10029, China
| | - Seong Soo Joo
- Department of Marine Molecular Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, 120 Gangneung Daehangno, Gangneung, Gangwon, 210-702, Republic of Korea.
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Kim EK, Tang Y, Kim YS, Hwang JW, Choi EJ, Lee JH, Lee SH, Jeon YJ, Park PJ. First evidence that Ecklonia cava-derived dieckol attenuates MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell migration. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:1785-97. [PMID: 25830682 PMCID: PMC4413187 DOI: 10.3390/md13041785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of Ecklonia cava (E. cava)-derived dieckol on movement behavior and the expression of migration-related genes in MCF-7 human breast cancer cell. Phlorotannins (e.g., dieckol, 6,6'-biecko, and 2,7″-phloroglucinol-6,6'-bieckol) were purified from E. cava by using centrifugal partition chromatography. Among the phlorotannins, we found that dieckol inhibited breast cancer cell the most and was selected for further study. Radius™-well was used to assess cell migration, and dieckol (1-100 µM) was found to suppress breast cancer cell movement. Metastasis-related gene expressions were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. In addition, dieckol inhibited the expression of migration-related genes such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). On the other hand, it stimulated the expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2. These results suggest that dieckol exerts anti-breast cancer activity via the regulation of the expressions of metastasis-related genes, and this is the first report on the anti-breast cancer effect of dieckol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Kyung Kim
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Yujiao Tang
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Yon-Suk Kim
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Jin-Woo Hwang
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - Eun-Ju Choi
- Division of Sport Science, Konkuk University, Chungju, 380-701, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Seung-Hong Lee
- Division of Food Bio Science, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea.
| | - Pyo-Jam Park
- Korea Nokyong Research Center, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-701, Korea.
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Yeo AR, Lee J, Tae IH, Park SR, Cho YH, Lee BH, Shin HC, Kim SH, Yoo YC. Anti-hyperlipidemic Effect of Polyphenol Extract (Seapolynol(™)) and Dieckol Isolated from Ecklonia cava in in vivo and in vitro Models. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2014; 17:1-7. [PMID: 24471056 PMCID: PMC3866765 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2012.17.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory effect of polyphenol extracts (Seapolynol™, SPN) of the marine brown algae Ecklonia cava and dieckol, a major component of SPN, on hyperlipidemia was investigated in ICR mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for five weeks. For analysis of the anti-hyperlipidemic effects of SPN and dieckol, these two agents were given orally on a daily basis to HFD-fed mice for four weeks, starting one week after the beginning of HFD feeding. Groups administered with SPN as well as dieckol showed lower body weight gains than the HFD only group. Administration of SPN and dieckol also resulted in a significant reduction of the level of total cholesterol (TCHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the serum of HFD-fed mice. In Oil Red O staining using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, it was shown that both SPN and dieckol markedly inhibited lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. Furthermore, SPN and dieckol (50 μg/mL) significantly inhibited 3-hydroxyl-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMGCoA) reductase activity in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that polyphenols of Ecklonia cava (SPN) and dieckol reduce body weight gain and fat accumulation in HFD-induced obese mice, and that their hypolipidemic effect is related to the inhibition of adipogenesis of adipocytes and HMGCoA reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Reum Yeo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea ; Myonggok Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - Junglim Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea ; Myonggok Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - In Hwan Tae
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea ; Myonggok Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - Seok-Rae Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea ; Myonggok Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
| | - Young Ho Cho
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Biotechnology, Medical Engineering College, Konyang University, Chungnam 320-711, Korea
| | - Bong Ho Lee
- Division of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, College of Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 305-719, Korea
| | | | | | - Yung Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea ; Myonggok Institute for Medical Science, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718, Korea
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Park JY, Kim JH, Kwon JM, Kwon HJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3730-7. [PMID: 23647823 PMCID: PMC7126891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) plays an important role in viral replication. In this study, we performed a biological evaluation on nine phlorotannins isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. The nine isolated phlorotannins (1-9), except phloroglucinol (1), possessed SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitory activities in a dose-dependently and competitive manner. Of these phlorotannins (1-9), two eckol groups with a diphenyl ether linked dieckol (8) showed the most potent SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) trans/cis-cleavage inhibitory effects (IC(50)s = 2.7 and 68.1 μM, respectively). This is the first report of a (8) phlorotannin chemotype significantly blocking the cleavage of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) in a cell-based assay with no toxicity. Furthermore, dieckol (8) exhibited a high association rate in the SPR sensorgram and formed extremely strong hydrogen bonds to the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
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Kang JI, Kim SC, Kim MK, Boo HJ, Jeon YJ, Koh YS, Yoo ES, Kang SM, Kang HK. Effect of Dieckol, a component of Ecklonia cava, on the promotion of hair growth. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:6407-6423. [PMID: 22754373 PMCID: PMC3382810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13056407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Ecklonia cava, a marine alga native to Jeju Island in Korea, on the promotion of hair growth. When vibrissa follicles were cultured in the presence of E. cava enzymatic extract (which contains more than 35% of dieckol) for 21 days, E. cava enzymatic extract increased hair-fiber length. In addition, after topical application of the 0.5% E. cava enzymatic extract onto the back of C57BL/6 mice, anagen progression of the hair-shaft was induced. The treatment with E. cava enzymatic extract resulted in the proliferation of immortalized vibrissa dermal papilla cells (DPC). Especially, dieckol, among the isolated compounds from the E. cava enzymatic extract, showed activity that increased the proliferation of DPC. When NIH3T3 fibroblasts were treated with the E. cava enzymatic extract and the isolated compounds from the E. cava enzymatic extract, the E. cava enzymatic extract increased the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts, but the isolated compounds such as eckol, dieckol, phloroglucinol and triphlorethol-A did not affect the proliferation of NIH3T3 fibroblasts. On the other hand, the E. cava enzymatic extract and dieckol significantly inhibited 5α-reductase activity. These results suggest that dieckol from E. cava can stimulate hair growth by the proliferation of DPC and/or the inhibition of 5α-reductase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Il Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sang-Cheol Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Min-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Hye-Jin Boo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Aqua Green Technology Co. Ltd., 209 Jeju Bio-Industry Center, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-121, Korea; E-Mail:
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Young-Sang Koh
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Eun-Sook Yoo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
| | - Sung-Myung Kang
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mail:
| | - Hee-Kyoung Kang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 690-756, Korea; E-Mails: (J.-I.K.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-K.K.); (H.-J.B.); (Y.-S.K.); (E.-S.Y.)
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Park SJ, Kim YT, Jeon YJ. Antioxidant dieckol downregulates the Rac1/ROS signaling pathway and inhibits Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-family verprolin-homologous protein 2 (WAVE2)-mediated invasive migration of B16 mouse melanoma cells. Mol Cells 2012; 33:363-9. [PMID: 22441674 PMCID: PMC3887808 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is linked to dynamic actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is involved in tumor cell motility and metastasis. Thus, inhibition of ROS generation and actin polymerization in tumor cells may represent an effective anticancer strategy. However, the molecular basis of this signaling pathway is currently unknown. Here, we show that the Ecklonia cava-derived antioxidant dieckol downregulates the Rac1/ROS signaling pathway and inhibits Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP)-family verprolin-homologous protein 2 (WAVE2)-mediated invasive migration of B16 mouse melanoma cells. Steady-state intracellular ROS levels were higher in malignant B16F10 cells than in parental, nonmetastatic B16F0 cells. Elevation of ROS by H(2)O(2) treatment increased migration and invasion ability of B16F0 cells to level similar to that of B16F10 cells, suggesting that intracellular ROS signaling mediates the prometastatic properties of B16 mouse melanoma cells. ROS levels and the cell migration and invasion ability of B16 melanoma cells correlated with Rac1 activation and WAVE2 expression. Overexpression of dominant negative Rac1 and depletion of WAVE2 by siRNA suppressed H(2)O(2)-induced cell invasion of B16F0 and B16F10 cells. Similarly, dieckol attenuates the ROS-mediated Rac1 activation and WAVE2 expression, resulting in decreased migration and invasion of B16 melanoma cells. In addition, we found that dieckol decreases association between WAVE2 and NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox). Therefore, this finding suggests that WAVE2 acts to couple intracellular Rac1/ROS signaling to the invasive migration of B16 melanoma cells, which is inhibited by dieckol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
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Park SJ, Jeon YJ. Dieckol from Ecklonia cava suppresses the migration and invasion of HT1080 cells by inhibiting the focal adhesion kinase pathway downstream of Rac1-ROS signaling. Mol Cells 2012; 33:141-9. [PMID: 22286230 PMCID: PMC3887716 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-012-2192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously isolated dieckol, a nutrient polyphenol compound, from the brown alga, Ecklonia cava (Lee et al.,2010a). Dieckol shows both antitumor and antioxidant activity and thus is of special interest for the development of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents against cancer. However, the mechanism by which dieckol exerts its antitumor activity is poorly understood. Here, we show that dieckol, derived from E. cava, inhibits migration and invasion of HT1080 cells by scavenging intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). H2O2 or integrin signal-mediated ROS generation increases migration and invasion of HT1080 cells, which correlates with Rac1 activation and increased expression and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Rac1 activation is required for ROS generation. Depletion of FAK by siRNA suppresses Rac1-ROS-induced cell migration and invasion. Dieckol treatment attenuated intracellular ROS levels and activation of Rac1 as well as expression and phosphorylation of FAK. Dieckol treatment also decreases complex formation of FAK-Src-p130C as and expression of MMP2, 9, and 13. These results suggest that the Rac1-ROS-linked cascade enhances migration and invasion of HT1080 cells by inducing expression of MMPs through activation of the FAK signaling pathway, whereas dieckol downregulates FAK signaling through scavenging intracellular ROS. This finding provides new insights into the mechanisms by which dieckol is able to suppress human cancer progresssion and metastasis. Therefore, we suggest that dieckol is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Joo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Korea.
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Wijesinghe W, Ko SC, Jeon YJ. Effect of phlorotannins isolated from Ecklonia cava on angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. Nutr Res Pract 2011; 5:93-100. [PMID: 21556221 PMCID: PMC3085808 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2011.5.2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity is the most common mechanism underlying the lowering of blood pressure. In the present study, five organic extracts of a marine brown seaweed Ecklonia cava were prepared by using ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, hexane, and diethyl ether as solvents, which were then tested for their potential ACE inhibitory activities. Ethanol extract showed the strongest ACE inhibitory activity with an IC(50) value of 0.96 mg/ml. Five kinds of phlorotannins, phloroglucinol, triphlorethol-A, eckol, dieckol, and eckstolonol, were isolated from ethanol extract of E. cava, which exhibited potential ACE inhibition. Dieckol was the most potent ACE inhibitor and was found to be a non-competitive inhibitor against ACE according to Lineweaver-Burk plots. Dieckol had an inducible effect on the production of NO in EAhy926 cells without having cytotoxic effect. The results of this study indicate that E. cava could be a potential source of phlorotannins with ACE inhibitory activity for utilization in production of functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- W.A.J.P. Wijesinghe
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - Seok-Chun Ko
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
- Marine and Environmental Research Institute, Jeju National University, 1 Ara 1-dong, 102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju 695-814, Korea
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