1
|
Danhier P, Krishnamachary B, Bharti S, Kakkad S, Mironchik Y, Bhujwalla ZM. Combining Optical Reporter Proteins with Different Half-lives to Detect Temporal Evolution of Hypoxia and Reoxygenation in Tumors. Neoplasia 2015; 17:871-881. [PMID: 26696369 PMCID: PMC4688563 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Here we have developed a hypoxia response element driven imaging strategy that combined the hypoxia-driven expression of two optical reporters with different half-lives to detect temporal changes in hypoxia and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) activity. For this purpose, human prostate cancer PC3 cells were transfected with the luciferase gene fused with an oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODD-luc) and a variant of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Both ODD-luciferase and EGFP were under the promotion of a poly-hypoxia-response element sequence (5xHRE). The cells constitutively expressed tdTomato red fluorescent protein. For validating the imaging strategy, cells were incubated under hypoxia (1% O2) for 48 hours and then reoxygenated. The luciferase activity of PC3-HRE-EGFP/HRE-ODD-luc/tdtomato cells detected by bioluminescent imaging rapidly decreased after reoxygenation, whereas EGFP levels in these cells remained stable for several hours. After in vitro validation, PC3-HRE-EGFP/HRE-ODD-luc/tdtomato tumors were implanted subcutaneously and orthotopically in nude male mice and imaged in vivo and ex vivo using optical imaging in proof-of-principle studies to demonstrate differences in optical patterns between EGFP expression and bioluminescence. This novel "timer" imaging strategy of combining the short-lived ODD-luciferase and the long-lived EGFP can provide a time frame of HRE activation in PC3 prostate cancer cells and will be useful to understand the temporal changes in hypoxia and HIF activity during cancer progression and following treatments including HIF targeting strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Santosh Bharti
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Samata Kakkad
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yelena Mironchik
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Baltimore, MD, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nakamura S, Maehara T, Watanabe S, Ishihara M, Sato M. Liver lobe and strain difference in gene expression after hydrodynamics-based gene delivery in mice. Anim Biotechnol 2015; 26:51-7. [PMID: 25153456 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2014.886583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrodynamics-based gene delivery (HGD) is a widely recognized technique for delivering exogenous DNA with high efficiency to murine hepatocytes. In this study, we investigated stimulation of exogenous DNA uptake and expression using a commercially available reagent for HGD. We also examined which mouse strain and mouse liver lobe would achieve the best gene delivery performance. Mice were injected with a solution containing reporter plasmid DNA or DNA and a gene delivery reagent. One day after the HGD procedure, liver samples were isolated and subjected to biochemical and histochemical analyses. The reporter plasmid DNA showed the strongest signal when the DNA was dissolved in TransIT-EE Hydrodynamic Delivery Solution (Takara Bio Inc., Shiga, Japan). Evaluation of transgene expression in each hepatic lobe in ICR, C57BL/6N, Balb/cA, and B6C3F1 mice showed that ICR mice exhibited the best gene transfer and that the right median lobe had the highest level of transgene expression. These findings suggest the importance of choice in mouse strains and liver lobes when performing gene-based manipulations of the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakamura
- a Department of Surgery II , National Defense Medical College , Saitama , Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jasinski-Bergner S, Stoehr C, Bukur J, Massa C, Braun J, Hüttelmaier S, Spath V, Wartenberg R, Legal W, Taubert H, Wach S, Wullich B, Hartmann A, Seliger B. Clinical relevance of miR-mediated HLA-G regulation and the associated immune cell infiltration in renal cell carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2015; 4:e1008805. [PMID: 26155421 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1008805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In human tumors of distinct origin including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the non-classical human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is frequently expressed, thereby inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of T and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies demonstrated a strong post-transcriptional gene regulation of the HLA-G by miR-152, -148A, -148B and -133A. Standard methods were applied to characterize the expression and function of HLA-G, HLA-G-regulatory microRNAs (miRs) and the immune cell infiltration in 453 RCC lesions using a tissue microarray and five RCC cell lines linking these results to clinical parameters. Direct interactions with HLA-G regulatory miRs and the HLA-G 3' untranslated region (UTR) were detected and the affinities of these different miRs to the HLA-G 3'-UTR compared. qPCR analyses and immunohistochemical staining revealed an inverse expression of miR-148A and -133A with the HLA-G protein in situ and in vitro. Stable miR overexpression caused a downregulation of HLA-G protein enhancing the NK and LAK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in in vitro CD107a activation assays revealing a HLA-G-dependent cytotoxic activity of immune effector cells. A significant higher frequency of CD3+/CD8+ T cell lymphocytes, but no differences in the activation markers CD69, CD25 or in the presence of CD56+, FoxP3+ and CD4+ immune cells were detected in HLA-G+ compared to HLA-G- RCC lesions. This could be associated with higher WHO grade, but not with a disease-specific survival. These data suggest a miR-mediated control of HLA-G expression in RCC, which is associated with a distinct pattern of immune cell infiltration.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACTB, β-actin
- APM, antigen processing machinery
- B7-H1, B7 homolog 1
- CDS, coding sequence; Cr, chromium
- COPZ2, coatomer protein complex, subunit zeta 2
- DAC, 5′-aza-2′-desoxycytidine, GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- HLA-G, human leukocyte antigen G
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IFNγ, interferon gamma
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IL, interleukin
- ILT, immunoglobulin-like transcript
- LAK, lymphokine-activated killer cell
- MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cells
- MFI, mean-specific fluorescence intensity
- NK, natural killer cell
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor β
- TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte
- TMA, tissue microarray
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- UTR, untranslated region
- WB, Western blot analysis
- WT, wild type
- immune escape
- luc, luciferase
- mAb, monoclonal antibody
- miR, microRNA
- miTRAP, miRNA trapping by RNA in vitro affinity purification
- microRNA
- n.d., not determined
- n.o.s., not otherwise specified; ntc., non-template control
- non-classical HLA class I molecules
- renal cell carcinoma
- sHLA-G, soluble HLA-G
- tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes
- β-gal, β-galactosidase
- β2-m, β-2-microglobulin
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- Institute of Medical Immunology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| | - Christine Stoehr
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juergen Bukur
- Institute of Medical Immunology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| | - Chiara Massa
- Institute of Medical Immunology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| | - Stefan Hüttelmaier
- Institute of Molecular Medicine; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| | - Verena Spath
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Roland Wartenberg
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Legal
- Clinic of Urology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Clinic of Urology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Clinic of Urology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Clinic of Urology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Institute of Pathology; Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg ; Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- Institute of Medical Immunology; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg ; Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Park JY, Kim JH, Kwon JM, Kwon HJ, Jeong HJ, Kim YM, Kim D, Lee WS, Ryu YB. Dieckol, a SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor, isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:3730-7. [PMID: 23647823 PMCID: PMC7126891 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) plays an important role in viral replication. In this study, we performed a biological evaluation on nine phlorotannins isolated from the edible brown algae Ecklonia cava. The nine isolated phlorotannins (1-9), except phloroglucinol (1), possessed SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitory activities in a dose-dependently and competitive manner. Of these phlorotannins (1-9), two eckol groups with a diphenyl ether linked dieckol (8) showed the most potent SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) trans/cis-cleavage inhibitory effects (IC(50)s = 2.7 and 68.1 μM, respectively). This is the first report of a (8) phlorotannin chemotype significantly blocking the cleavage of SARS-CoV 3CL(pro) in a cell-based assay with no toxicity. Furthermore, dieckol (8) exhibited a high association rate in the SPR sensorgram and formed extremely strong hydrogen bonds to the catalytic dyad (Cys145 and His41) of the SARS-CoV 3CL(pro).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Park
- Infection Control Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup 580-185, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chappuis S, Ripperger JA, Schnell A, Rando G, Jud C, Wahli W, Albrecht U. Role of the circadian clock gene Per2 in adaptation to cold temperature. Mol Metab 2013; 2:184-93. [PMID: 24049733 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive thermogenesis allows mammals to resist to cold. For instance, in brown adipose tissue (BAT) the facultative uncoupling of the proton gradient from ATP synthesis in mitochondria is used to generate systemic heat. However, this system necessitates an increase of the Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) and its activation by free fatty acids. Here we show that mice without functional Period2 (Per2) were cold sensitive because their adaptive thermogenesis system was less efficient. Upon cold-exposure, Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) induced Per2 in the BAT. Subsequently, PER2 as a co-activator of PPARα increased expression of Ucp1. PER2 also increased Fatty acid binding protein 3 (Fabp3), a protein important to transport free fatty acids from the plasma to mitochondria to activate UCP1. Hence, in BAT PER2 is important for the coordination of the molecular response of mice exposed to cold by synchronizing UCP1 expression and its activation.
Collapse
Key Words
- Adrβ3, beta-adrenergic receptor 3
- BAT, brown adipose tissue
- BMAL1, brain and muscle ARNT-like factor
- Brown adipose tissue
- CLOCK, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- FABP3, fatty acid binding protein 3
- FFA, free fatty acids
- HSE, heat shock element
- HSF1, heat shock factor 1
- Humidity
- NPAS2, neuronal PAS-domain containing protein 2
- PGC-1, PPAR-coactivator -1
- PPAR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
- PPRE, PPAR element
- Per2, Period2
- RXR, retinoid X receptor
- SCN, suprachiasmatic nuclei
- Season
- TAG, triglycerides
- UCP1, uncoupling protein 1
- WAT, white adipose tissue
- WT, wild-type
- ZT, zeitgeber time
- luc, luciferase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Chappuis
- Department of Biology, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiao L, Rao J, Zou T, Liu L, Marasa B, Chen J, Turner D, Passaniti A, Wang JY. Induced JunD in intestinal epithelial cells represses CDK4 transcription through its proximal promoter region following polyamine depletion. Biochem J 2007; 403:573-81. [PMID: 17253961 PMCID: PMC1876376 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2006] [Revised: 01/17/2007] [Accepted: 01/25/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of intestinal epithelial integrity requires cellular polyamines that regulate expression of various genes involved in cell proliferation, growth arrest and apoptosis. In prior studies, depletion of cellular polyamines has been shown to stabilize JunD, a member of the AP-1 (activator protein-1) family of transcription factors, leading to inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, but the exact downstream targets of induced JunD remain elusive. CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) is essential for the G1- to S-phase transition during the cell cycle and its expression is primarily controlled at the transcriptional level. In the present study, we show that induced JunD in IECs (intestinal epithelial cells) is a transcriptional repressor of the CDK4 gene following polyamine depletion. Increased JunD in polyamine-deficient cells was associated with a significant inhibition of CDK4 transcription, as indicated by repression of CDK4-promoter activity and decreased levels of CDK4 mRNA and protein, all of which were prevented by using specific antisense JunD oligomers. Ectopic expression of the wild-type junD also repressed CDK4-promoter activity and decreased levels of CDK4 mRNA and protein without any effect on CDK2 expression. Gel shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that JunD bound to the proximal region of the CDK4-promoter in vitro as well as in vivo, while experiments using different CDK4-promoter mutants showed that transcriptional repression of CDK4 by JunD was mediated through an AP-1 binding site within this proximal sequence of the CDK4-promoter. These results indicate that induced JunD in IECs represses CDK4 transcription through its proximal promoter region following polyamine depletion.
Collapse
Key Words
- activator protein-1 (ap-1)
- α-difluoromethylornithine
- growth arrest
- intestinal epithelium
- ornithine decarboxylase
- transcriptional regulation
- ap-1, activator protein-1
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- chip, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- dfmo, α-difluoromethylornithine
- emsa, electrophoretic mobility-shift assay
- fbs, fetal bovine serum
- gapdh, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- iec, intestinal epithelial cell
- luc, luciferase
- pbs-t, pbs containing tween 20
- q-pcr, quantitative pcr
- rb, retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein
- rt, reverse transcriptase
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Jaladanki N. Rao
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Tongtong Zou
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Lan Liu
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Bernard S. Marasa
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- †Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Jie Chen
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Douglas J. Turner
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- †Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| | - Jian-Ying Wang
- *Cell Biology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- †Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
- ‡Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
Plants, like all eukaryotes and most prokaryotes, have evolved sophisticated mechanisms for anticipating predictable environmental changes that arise due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. These mechanisms are collectively termed the circadian clock. Many aspects of plant physiology, metabolism and development are under circadian control and a large proportion of the transcriptome exhibits circadian regulation. In the present review, we describe the advances in determining the molecular nature of the circadian oscillator and propose an architecture of several interlocking negative-feedback loops. The adaptive advantages of circadian control, with particular reference to the regulation of metabolism, are also considered. We review the evidence for the presence of multiple circadian oscillator types located in within individual cells and in different tissues.
Collapse
Key Words
- biological rhythm
- circadian clock
- photoperiodism
- plant
- temperature regulation
- timekeeping
- arna, antisense rna
- cab, chlorophyll a/b-binding protein
- cat3, catalase 3
- cbs, cca1-binding site
- cca1, circadian clock associated 1
- chs, chalcone synthase
- cop1, constitutively photomorphogenic 1
- co, constans
- cry, cryptochrome
- [ca2+]cyt, cytosolic free ca2+ concentration
- det1, de-etiolated 1
- elf, early flowering
- ft, flowering locus t
- frq, frequency
- grp, glycine-rich protein
- gi, gigantea
- lhy, late elongated hypocotyl
- lkp2, light oxygen or voltage/kelch protein 2
- lov, light oxygen or voltage
- luc, luciferase
- lux, lux arrhythmo
- nr, nitrate reductase
- per, period
- phot, phototropin
- phy, phytochrome
- prr, pseudo response regulator
- skp1, s-phase kinase-associated protein 1
- scf, skp1/cullin/f-box
- scn, suprachiasmatic nucleus
- spy, spindly
- toc1, timing of cab expression 1
- ztl, zeitlupe
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Gardner
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Katharine E. Hubbard
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Carlos T. Hotta
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| | - Alex A. R. Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
VADLAMUDI RATNAK, BALASENTHIL SEETHARAMAN, BROADDUS RUSSELLR, GUSTAFSSON JANÅKE, KUMAR RAKESH. Deregulation of estrogen receptor coactivator proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1/modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor in human endometrial tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89:6130-8. [PMID: 15579769 PMCID: PMC1262662 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-0909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1)PELP1/MNAR [modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor (ER)], a novel coregulatory protein, modulates genomic as well as nongenomic activity of ERs. We characterized the expression and localization of PELP1 in both benign and cancerous endometrium. Our results suggest that PELP1 is expressed in all stages of endometrium; however, this protein exhibits distinct localization depending on the phase. PELP1 is expressed in both the stroma and epithelial cells. Using the Ishikawa endometrial cancer model cell line and ER subtype-specific ligands, we found that PELP1 functionally interacts with both ERalpha and ERbeta and enhances their transcriptional responses. However, in endometrial cancer cells, endogenous PELP1 is also required for optimal ligand-mediated transcription and proliferation responses. PELP1 promoted a tamoxifen-mediated agonistic action in endometrial, but not in breast cancer cells. PELP1 expression and localization are widely deregulated in endometrial cancers. In addition, PELP1 and ERbeta were localized predominantly in the cytoplasm of high-grade endometrial tumors. Our results suggest that PELP1 plays an essential role in the proliferation of cancerous endometrial cells.
Collapse
Key Words
- dcc, dextran-coated, charcoal-treated fetal calf serum
- dpn, diarylpropionitrile
- e2, 17β-estradiol
- er, estrogen receptor
- ere, estrogen response element
- luc, luciferase
- mnar, modulator of nongenomic activity of estrogen receptor
- pelp1, proline-, glutamic acid-, and leucine-rich protein-1
- ppt, propyl-pyrazole-triol
- sirna, short interference rna
- src, steroid receptor coactivator
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- RATNA K. VADLAMUDI
- Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70005. E-mail:
; or Rakesh Kumar, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - RAKESH KUMAR
- Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Ratna K. Vadlamudi, Department of Genetics, Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70005. E-mail:
; or Rakesh Kumar, Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Box 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li Y, Song X, Ma Y, Liu J, Yang D, Yan B. DNA binding, but not interaction with Bmal1, is responsible for DEC1-mediated transcription regulation of the circadian gene mPer1. Biochem J 2004; 382:895-904. [PMID: 15193144 PMCID: PMC1133965 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2004] [Revised: 06/03/2004] [Accepted: 06/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
DEC1 (differentially expressed in chondrocytes 1) and DEC2 are E-box-binding transcription factors and exhibit a circadian expression pattern. Recently, both proteins were found to repress the Clock/Bmal1-activated E-box promoters (e.g. mPer1). Yeast two-hybrid assay detected interactions between Bmal1 and DECs. It was hypothesized that DEC-mediated repression on the mPer1 promoter is achieved by binding to E-box elements and interacting with Bmal1. In the present study, we report that E-box binding rather than Bmal1 interaction is responsible for the observed repression. In the absence of Clock/Bmal1, both DEC1 and DEC2 markedly repressed the mPer1 promoter reporter; however, DNA-binding mutants showed no repressive activity. Similarly, DEC1, but not its DNA-binding mutants, repressed the Clock/Bmal1-induced activation. In addition, DEC1(R58P), a DNA-binding mutant with Bmal1 interactivity, repressed neither the mPer1 reporter directly nor the Clock/Bmal1-induced activation, providing direct evidence that DNA binding, rather than Bmal1 interactions, is responsible for the repression on the mPer1 promoter. Furthermore, disruption of the Sp1 site in the proximal promoter of mPer1 increased the repression of DEC1 proteins. Previous studies with mouse DEC2 showed that this factor interacts with Sp1. These findings suggest that DEC proteins regulate the expression of mPer1 through E-box binding and Sp1 interaction. Alterations on circadian systems are increasingly recognized as important risk factors for disease initiation and progression, and the expression of Dec genes is rapidly induced by environmental stimuli and is highly increased in tumour tissues. Therefore de-regulated expression of DEC genes probably alters normal circadian rhythms and contributes significantly to the pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| | - Xiulong Song
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| | - Yuzhong Ma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| | - Jirong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| | - Bingfang Yan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang SM, Cheng YS. Analysis of two CBP (cAMP-response-element-binding protein-binding protein) interacting sites in GRIP1 (glucocorticoid-receptor-interacting protein), and their importance for the function of GRIP1. Biochem J 2004; 382:111-9. [PMID: 15137909 PMCID: PMC1133921 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2004] [Revised: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The p160 co-activators, SRC1 (steroid receptor co-activator 1), GRIP1 (glucocorticoid-receptor-interacting protein 1) and ACTR (activator for thyroid hormone and retinoid receptors), have two ADs (activation domains), AD1 and AD2. AD1 is a binding site for the related co-activators, CBP (cAMP-response-element-binding protein-binding protein) and p300, whereas AD2 binds to another co-activator, co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1). Here, we identified two CBP-interacting sites [amino acids 1075-1083 (site I) and 1095-1106 (site II)] in a so-called CBP-dependent transactivation domain (AD1; amino acids 1057-1109) of GRIP1. Site I was the major site for CBP-dependent AD1 transactivation activity of GRIP1 whereas, following the deletion of site II, full or partial transactivation activity was retained without the recruitment of CBP in yeast, HeLa, human embryonic kidney 293 and CV-1 cells. GRIP1 (with a deletion of site II) expressed stronger co-activator activity than that of wild-type GRIP1 in the TR (thyroid receptor) and the AR (androgen receptor), but not the ER (oestrogen receptor), systems in HeLa cells. We also demonstrated that these CBP-binding sites of GRIP1 are not the only functional domains for its AD1 function in TR, AR and ER systems in HeLa cells by the exogenous overexpression of one E1A mutant, which led to a lack of CBP-binding ability. Our results suggest that these two CBP-interacting sites in the GRIP AD1 domain not only determine its AD1 activity, but are also involved in its co-activator functions in some nuclear receptors.
Collapse
Key Words
- camp-responsive-element-binding-protein-binding protein (cbp)
- co-activator
- e1a
- glucocorticoid-receptor-interacting protein 1 (grip1)
- interacting site
- nuclear receptor
- actr, activator for thyroid hormone and retinoid receptors
- ad, activation domain
- af, activation function
- ar, androgen receptor
- β-gal, β-galactosidase
- carm1, co-activator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1
- cbp, camp-responsive-element-binding protein-binding protein
- dbd, dna-binding domain
- er, oestrogen receptor
- gr, glucocorticoid receptor
- grip1, glucocorticoid-receptor-interacting protein 1
- gst, glutathione s-transferase
- hbd, hormone-binding domain
- hek, human embryonic kidney
- lbd, ligand-binding domain
- luc, luciferase
- mmtv, murine-mammary-tumour virus
- nr, nuclear receptor
- p/caf, p300/cbp-associated factor
- pr, progesterone receptor
- src1, steroid receptor co-activator-1
- tif2, transcriptional mediator/intermediary factor 2
- tr, thyroid receptor
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Ming Huang
- Biochemistry Department, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan 114, Republic of China.
| | | |
Collapse
|