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Fu X, Zhang Y, Zhang YG, Yin YL, Yan SC, Zhao YZ, Shen WZ. Research and application of a new multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method for cold stress in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9137-9161. [PMID: 36153158 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-21828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective and comprehensive evaluation of cold stress is critical for healthy dairy cow breeding in the winter. Previous studies on dairy cow cold stress have considered thermal environmental factors but not physiological factors or air quality. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a multilevel fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) method for cold stress in dairy cows based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and a genetic algorithm (GA). First, the AHP was used to construct an evaluation index system for cold stress in dairy cows from 3 dimensions: thermal environment (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and illumination), physiological factors (respiratory rate, body surface temperature), and air quality [NH3, CO2, inhalable particulate matter (PM10)]. Second, the consistency test of the judgment matrix was transformed into a nonlinear constrained optimization problem and solved using the GA. Next, based on fuzzy set theory, the comment set and membership function were established to classify the degree of cold stress into 5 levels: none, mild, moderate, high, and extreme. Then, the degree of cold stress in cows was obtained using multilevel fuzzy comprehensive judgment. To investigate the effect of illumination indicators on cold stress in dairy cows, 24 prelactation cows from the south and north sides were selected for a 117-d comprehensive cold stress evaluation. The results showed that the mean mild cold stress durations were 605.3 h (25.22 d) and 725.5 h (30.23 d) and the moderate cold stress durations were 67.2 h (2.8 d) and 96 h (4.0 d) on the south and north sides, respectively. Simultaneously, generalized linear mixed model showed that there were significant correlations between the daily cold stress duration and milk yield, feeding time, lying time, and active steps in the cows on both sides. This method can reasonably indicate cow cold stress conditions and better guide cold protection practices in actual production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Fu
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y Zhang
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y G Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y L Yin
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - S C Yan
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Y Z Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine 92612
| | - W Z Shen
- College of Electrical and Information, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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Zhao M, Jin LF, Li XF, Zhao Y, Zhu GJ, Shen WZ. [Relationship between the Expression of miRNA181a-5p and the Imbalance of Treg/Th17 in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2022; 30:237-243. [PMID: 35123634 DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2022.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of relationship between the expression of miRNA181a-5p and imbalance of Treg/Th17 in the pathogenesis of primary immune thrombocytopenia(ITP), which contributes to clarify the mechanism of T cell immune imbalance in ITP patients. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 37 ITP patients, concluding 21 untreated patients and 16 effectively treated patients, and 19 healthy controls; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and the expression of miRNA181a-5p and Notch1 was analyzed by RT-PCR. The proportion of Th17 subsets and Treg cells in the peripheral circulation was detected by flow cytometer (FCM). Clinical data of ITP group was collected, including age, platelet count and disease course. RESULTS The expression of miR-181a-5p was significantly decreased in ITP group than that of healthy control group (P<0.01). After effective treatment, the expression of miR-181a-5p was significantly higher than that of ITP group (P<0.05), but still significantly lower than that of healthy control group (P<0.01); The expression of Notch1 was significantly increased in ITP group and effectively treated group than that of healthy control group (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in proportion of Treg cells in ITP group, effectively treated group and healthy control group (P>0.05). The proportion of Th17 subsets in ITP group was significantly increased than that of healthy control group (P<0.05), while the ratio of Treg/Th17 was significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expression of miR-181a-5p and ratio of Treg/Th17 in ITP group (r=0.555). CONCLUSION The expression of miR-181a-5p is significantly decreased in ITP patients, which is closely related to the imbalance of Treg/Th17 cells. After effective treatment, the expression of miR-181a-5p can be significantly corrected, but still failed to reach the level of healthy people. While the expression of Notch1 is significantly increased in ITP patients, and could not reach the level of healthy people after effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li-Fang Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Geng-Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin Province, China,E-mail:
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Li XS, Li XF, Jin LF, Zhao Y, Shen WZ. [Treatment of ALK negative metastatic inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor by combination of pembrolizumab and anlotinib: a case report]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2021; 43:240-242. [PMID: 33601493 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20191216-00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- X S Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - X F Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - L F Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Y Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - W Z Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
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Li XF, Ren P, Shen WZ, Jin X, Zhang J. The expression, modulation and use of cancer-testis antigens as potential biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:7002-7019. [PMID: 33312347 PMCID: PMC7724325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-testis antigens (CTA) are tumor antigens, present in the germ cells of testes, ovaries and trophoblasts, which undergo deregulated expression in the tumor and malignant cells. CTA genes are either X-linked or autosomal, favourably expressed in spermatogonia and spermatocytes, respectively. CTAs trigger unprompted humoral immunity and immune responses in malignancies, altering tumor cell physiology and neoplastic behaviors. CTAs demonstrate varied expression profile, with increased abundance in malignant melanoma and prostate, lung, breast and epithelial cell cancers, and a relatively reduced prevalence in intestinal cancer, renal cell adenocarcinoma and malignancies of immune cells. A combination of epigenetic and non-epigenetic agents regulates CTA mRNA expression, with the key participation of CpG islands and CpG-rich promoters, histone methyltransferases, cytokines, tyrosine kinases and transcriptional activators and repressors. CTA triggers gametogenesis, in association with mutated tumorigenic genes and tumor repressors. The CTAs function as potential biomarkers, particularly for prostate, cervical, breast, colorectal, gastric, urinary bladder, liver and lung carcinomas, characterized by alternate splicing and phenotypic heterogeneity in the cells. Additionally, CTAs are prospective targets for vaccine therapy, with the MAGE-A3 and NYESO-1 undergoing clinical trials for tumor regression in malignant melanoma. They have been deemed important for adaptive immunotherapy, marked by limited expression in normal somatic tissues and recurrent up-regulation in epithelial carcinoma. Overall, the current review delineates an up-dated understanding of the intricate processes of CTA expression and regulation in cancer. It further portrays the role of CTAs as biomarkers and probable candidates for tumor immunotherapy, with a future prospect in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchun, P. R. China
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Li XF, Shen WZ, Jin X, Ren P, Zhang J. Let-7c regulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition leads to osimertinib resistance in NSCLC cells with EGFR T790M mutations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11236. [PMID: 32641854 PMCID: PMC7343825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67908-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have shown promise against non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) in clinics but the utility is often short-lived because of T790M mutations in EGFR that help evade TKIs’ action. Osimertinib is the third and latest generation TKI that targets EGFRs with T790M mutations. However, there are already reports on acquired resistance against Osimertinib. Recent work has revealed the role that miRNAs, particularly tumor suppressor let-7c, play in the invasiveness and acquired resistance of NSCLCs, but the mechanistic details, particularly in Osimertinib resistance, remain elusive. Using two cells lines, H1975 (endogenous T790M mutation) and HCC827-T790M (with acquired T790M mutation), we found that let-7c is a regulator of EMT, as well as it affects CSC phenotype. In both the cell lines, transfection with pre-let-7c led to reversal of EMT as studied through EMT markers e-cadherin and ZEB1. This resulted in reduced proliferation and invasion. Conversely, reduced expression of let-7c through anti-let-7c transfections significantly increased proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Expression of let-7c was functionally relevant as EMT correlated with resistance to Osimertinib. High let-7c expression reversed EMT and made cells sensitive to Osimertinib, and vice versa. WNT1 and TCF-4 were found to be two targets of let-7c which were epigenetic suppressed by let-7c through increased methylation. In vivo, pre-let-7c inhibited while anti-let-7c potentiated tumor growth and WNT1 and TCF-4 were downregulated in xenografts with pre-let-7c. Silencing of both WNT1 and TCF-4 resulted in potentiation of Osimertinib action. Our results suggest an important role of let-7c in regulating EMT and the resulting Osimertinib resistance in T790M NSCLCs. More clinical studies need to be performed to fully understand the translational relevance of this novel mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chaoyang, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Nanguan District, Changchun, 130041, Jilin, People's Republic of China.
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Wang CH, Li XF, Jin LF, Zhao Y, Zhu GJ, Shen WZ. Dieckol inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer cell proliferation and migration by regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22346. [PMID: 31291034 PMCID: PMC6771741 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Non‐small–cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most prevalent type of lung cancers with an increased mortality rate in both developed and developing countries worldwide. Dieckol is one such polyphenolic drug extracted from brown algae which has proven antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we evaluated the anticancer property of dieckol against NSCLC cell line A549. The LC50 value of dieckol was found to be 25 µg/mL by performing 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the antiapoptotic property of dieckol was analyzed by dual staining technique with acridine orange/propidium iodide (AO/PI) stains. It was further confirmed with flow cytometry analysis with Annexin FITC and JC‐1 staining and the anti‐invasive property was assessed by Transwell assay. The molecular mechanism of dieckol anticancer activity was confirmed by estimating the levels of caspases and by estimating the signaling proteins of Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway using the immunoblotting technique. Our data suggest that dieckol is potent anticancer agent, it effectively inhibits the invasive and migratory property A549 cells and it also induces apoptosis via inhibiting Pi3K/AKT/mTOR signaling, activating the tumor suppressor protein E‐cadherin signifying that dieckol is potent natural anticancer drug to treat NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Hong Wang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Li-Fang Jin
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Geng-Jun Zhu
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Zhang YX, Wu WS, Hao HL, Shen WZ. Femtosecond laser-induced size reduction and emission quantum yield enhancement of colloidal silicon nanocrystals: effect of laser ablation time. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:365706. [PMID: 29916813 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aacd75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal silicon (Si) nanocrystals (NCs) with different sizes were successfully prepared by femtosecond laser ablation under different laser ablation time (LAT). The mean size decreases from 4.23 to 1.42 nm by increasing the LAT from 30 to 120 min. In combination with structural characterization, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL and PL excitation spectra, we attribute room-temperature blue emissions peaked at 405 and 430 nm to the radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs via the oxygen-deficient centers related to Si-C-H2 and Si-O-Si bonds of colloidal Si NCs prepared in 1-octene, respectively. In particular, the measured PL quantum yield of colloidal Si NCs has been enhanced significantly from 23.6% to 55.8% by prolonging the LAT from 30 to 120 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Zhang
- College of Material Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Wu WS, Hao HL, Zhang YX, Li J, Wang JJ, Shen WZ. Correlation between luminescence and structural evolution of colloidal silicon nanocrystals synthesized under different laser fluences. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:025709. [PMID: 29227969 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa95a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation of the structural evolution and photoluminescence (PL) properties of colloidal silicon (Si) nanocrystals (NCs) synthesized through femtosecond laser ablation at different laser fluences. It is shown that the mean size of colloidal Si NCs increases from ∼0.97-2.37 nm when increasing laser fluence from 1.0-2.5 mJ cm-2. On the basis of structural characterization, temperature-dependent PL, time-resolved PL, and PL excitation spectra, we identify that the size-dependent spectral shift of violet emission is attributed to the quantum confinement effect. The localized excitons' radiative recombination via the oxygen-related surface states on the surface of the colloidal Si NCs is employed to explain the origin of the blue emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Wu
- College of Material Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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9
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Abstract
High performance single photon detector at the wavelength of 1550 nm has drawn wide attention and achieved vast improvement due to its significant application in quantum information, quantum key distribution, as well as cosmology. A novel infrared up-conversion single photon detector (USPD) at 1550 nm was proposed to work in free-running regime based on the InGaAs/ InP photodetector (PD)- GaAs/AlGaAs LED up-converter and Si single photon avalanche diode (SPAD). In contrast to conventional In0.53Ga0.47As SPAD, the USPD can suppress dark count rate and afterpulsing efficiently without sacrificing the photon detection efficiency (PDE). A high PDE of ~45% can be achieved by optical adhesive coupling between up-converter and Si SPAD. Using a developed analytical model we gave a noise equivalent power of 1.39 × 10−18 WHz1/2 at 200 K for the USPD, which is better than that of InGaAs SPAD. This work provides a new single photon detection scheme for telecom band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bai
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Y H Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.
| | - W Z Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
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Hansen KS, Larsen GC, Menke R, Vasiljevic N, Angelou N, Feng J, Zhu WJ, Vignaroli A, Liu W W, Xu C, Shen WZ. Wind turbine wake measurement in complex terrain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/753/3/032013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hao HL, Wu WS, Zhang Y, Wu LK, Shen WZ. Origin of blue photoluminescence from colloidal silicon nanocrystals fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation in solution. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:325702. [PMID: 27348227 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/32/325702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation into the origin of blue emission from colloidal silicon (Si) nanocrystals (NCs) fabricated by femtosecond laser ablation of Si powder in 1-hexene. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy observations confirm that Si NCs with average size 2.7 nm are produced and well dispersed in 1-hexene. Fourier transform infrared spectrum and x-ray photoelectron spectra have been employed to reveal the passivation of Si NCs surfaces with organic molecules. On the basis of the structural characterization, UV-visible absorption, temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL), time-resolved PL, and PL excitation spectra investigations, we deduce that room-temperature blue luminescence from colloidal Si NCs originates from the following two processes: (i) under illumination, excitons first form within colloidal Si NCs by direct transition at the X or Γ (Γ25 → Γ'2) point; (ii) and then some trapped excitons migrate to the surfaces of colloidal Si NCs and further recombine via the surface states associated with the Si-C or Si-C-H2 bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Hao
- College of Material Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Long Teng Road, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
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Lin XX, Zeng Y, Zhong SH, Huang ZG, Qian HQ, Ling J, Zhu JB, Shen WZ. Realization of improved efficiency on nanostructured multicrystalline silicon solar cells for mass production. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:125401. [PMID: 25736199 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/12/125401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the realization of both excellent optical and electrical properties of nanostructured multicrystalline silicon solar cells by a simple and industrially compatible technique of surface morphology modification. The nanostructures are prepared by Ag-catalyzed chemical etching and subsequent NaOH treatment with controllable geometrical parameters and surface area enhancement ratio. We have examined in detail the influence of different surface area enhancement ratios on reflectance, carrier recombination characteristics and cell performance. By conducting a quantitative analysis of these factors, we have successfully demonstrated a higher-than-traditional output performance of nanostructured multicrystalline silicon solar cells with a low average reflectance of 4.93%, a low effective surface recombination velocity of 6.59 m s(-1), and a certified conversion efficiency of 17.75% on large size (156 × 156 mm(2)) silicon cells, which is ∼0.3% higher than the acid textured counterparts. The present work opens a potential prospect for the mass production of nanostructured solar cells with improved efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Lin
- Institute of Solar Energy, Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China. Department of Mathematics and Physics, Shanghai Dian Ji University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
We report the realization of high performance silicon nanowire (SiNW) based solar cells with a conversion efficiency of 17.11% and a large size of 125 × 125 mm(2). The key factor for success lies in an efficient approach of dielectric passivation to greatly enhance the electrical properties while keeping the advantage of excellent light trapping of the SiNW structure. The suppression of carrier recombination has been demonstrated through the combination of the SiO2/SiNx stack, which exhibits a good passivation effect on heavily doped SiNWs via reducing both the Shockley-Read-Hall recombination and near surface Auger recombination. We have examined in detail the effects of different passivations and SiNW lengths on the effective minority carrier lifetime, reflectance and carrier recombination characteristics, as well as cell performance. The proposed passivation techniques can be easily adapted to conventional industrial manufacturing processes, providing a potential prospect of SiNW based solar cells in mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Lin
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, and Institute of Solar Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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14
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Shen WZ, Ren LS, Jin LF, Cui HH, Li XF, Zhao Y, Li JH, Wang XL, Xu W. [Analysis of miRNA differential expression in peripheral blood cells of primary immune thrombocytopenia patients]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2012; 20:1149-1153. [PMID: 23114137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This study was purposed to clarify the difference of microRNA (miRNA) expression in the peripheral blood cells of patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) and normal controls. Exqion miRCURY(TM) microarray was used to investigate differentially expressed miRNA of peripheral blood cells obtained from affected ITP patients and the healthy controls. Cluster analysis was used to identify miRNA expression profile between the ITP patients and the healthy controls. Real-time PCR was used for validation. The results showed that a total of 159 miRNA were found to be differentially expressed in ITP patients compared to the controls, with 79 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated. Based on these differentially expressed miRNA, a tree with clear distinction between the controls and ITP patients was generated by cluster analysis. Real-time PCR confirmed microarray analysis results. It is concluded that differentially expressed miRNA were found in the peripheral blood cells from ITP patients, which may be potential novel biomarkers for ITP as well as help to elucidate pathogenic mechanisms of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Shen
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin Province, China
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15
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Zheng DQ, Ma YJ, Xu L, Su WA, Ye QH, Oh JI, Shen WZ. Light absorption engineering of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon by femtosecond laser. Opt Lett 2012; 37:3639-3641. [PMID: 22940975 DOI: 10.1364/ol.37.003639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The light absorption coefficient of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon has been engineered to have a Gaussian distribution by means of absorption modification using a femtosecond laser. The absorption-modified sample exhibits a significant absorption enhancement of up to ∼700%, and the strong absorption does not depend on the incident light. We propose a model responsible for this interesting behavior. In addition, we present an optical limiter constructed through this absorption engineering method.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Q Zheng
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Dai L, Zhang L, Dong LX, Shen WZ, Zhang XB, Ye ZZ, Nelson BJ. Long-range linear elasticity and mechanical instability of self-scrolling binormal nanohelices under a uniaxial load. Nanoscale 2011; 3:4301-4306. [PMID: 21901216 DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10650c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties of self-scrolling binormal nanohelices with a rectangular cross-section are investigated under uniaxial tensile and compressive loads using nanorobotic manipulation and Cosserat curve theory. Stretching experiments demonstrate that small-pitch nanohelices have an exceptionally large linear elasticity region and excellent mechanical stability, which are attributed to their structural flexibility based on an analytical model. In comparison between helices with a circular, square and rectangular cross-section, modeling results indicate that, while the binormal helical structure is stretched with a large strain, the stress on the material remains low. This is of particular significance for such applications as elastic components in micro-/nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS). The mechanical instability of a self-scrolling nanohelix under compressive load is also investigated, and the low critical load for buckling suggests that the self-scrolling nanohelices are more suitable for extension springs in MEMS/NEMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, P.R. China
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17
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Ma YJ, Oh JI, Zheng DQ, Su WA, Shen WZ. Tunable nonlinear absorption of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon. Opt Lett 2011; 36:3431-3433. [PMID: 21886234 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear absorption (NLA) of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) has been investigated through the open aperture Z-scan method for the photon energy of the incident irradiance slightly less than the bandgap of the sample. NLA responses have been observed to be highly sensitive to the wavelength and intensity of the incident irradiance as well as to the bandgap of the sample, indicating greatly tunable NLA of nc-Si:H. The band tail of nc-Si:H appears to play a crucial role in such NLA responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Ma
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Abstract
We have carried out detailed investigations on the light absorption mechanism in single crystalline silicon (c-Si) (core)/amorphous Si (a-Si) (shell) coaxial nanowires (NWs). Based on the Lorenz-Mie light scattering theory, we have found that the light absorption in the coaxial NWs relies on the leaky mode resonances and that the light absorption can be optimized towards photovoltaic applications when the a-Si shell thickness is about twice the c-Si core radius. The photocurrent has been found to be enhanced up to ∼ 560% compared to c-Si NWs, and to be further enhanced up to ∼ 60% by coating the nonabsorbing dielectric shells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F Liu
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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19
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Xie WQ, Oh JI, Shen WZ. Realization of effective light trapping and omnidirectional antireflection in smooth surface silicon nanowire arrays. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:065704. [PMID: 21212474 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/6/065704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have successfully fabricated well-ordered silicon nanowire (SiNW) arrays of smooth surface by using a low-cost and facile Ag-assisted chemical etching technique. We have experimentally found that the reflectance can be significantly suppressed (<1%) over a wide solar spectrum (300-1000 nm) in the as-grown samples. Also, based on our bundled model, we have used rigorous coupled-wave analysis to simulate the reflectance in SiNW arrays, and found that the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental data. From a further simulation study on the light absorption in SiNW arrays, we have obtained a photocurrent enhancement of up to 425% per unit volume of material as compared to crystalline Si, implying that effective light trapping can be realized in the as-grown samples. In addition, we have demonstrated experimentally and theoretically that the as-grown samples have an omnidirectional high-efficiency antireflection property.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Q Xie
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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20
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Yin H, Liu H, Shen WZ. The large diameter and fast growth of self-organized TiO2 nanotube arrays achieved via electrochemical anodization. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:035601. [PMID: 19966387 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/3/035601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out a detailed investigation of the effect of water content on the electrochemical anodization of Ti in electrolytes consisting of ammonium fluoride, water, and ethylene glycol. We have explored the possible growth of ordered TiO(2) nanotubes in the electrolyte with water concentrations from 1 to 100 vol% and the applied voltage from 10 to 150 V, where large diameter (approximately 600 nm) and fast growth rate (approximately 100 microm h(-1)) have been successfully realized for the self-organized TiO(2) nanotube arrays. The achievement benefits from the clear understanding of the effects of both the water content and the anodization voltage on the formation of TiO(2) nanotube arrays. We have further shown crystalline formation of TiO(2) nanotubes by simple thermal annealing. The mechanisms of the effect of the water content on the diameter and growth rate revealed here should establish a basis for further optimization of the TiO(2) nanotube geometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yin
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, and Institute of Solar Energy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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21
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Abstract
Superelasticity behavior of helices has been the focus of recent research in micro-/nano-engineering, while the traditional Kirchhoff rod model restricts itself in the bending and torsion conditions. With the aid of the concept of a Cosserat curve, a novel theoretical basis has been established for statics and dynamics of helices with essential extension and shear, which is able to quantitatively analyze the superelastic mechanical properties. Except for a good agreement with the experimental observation, numerical solutions have shown that we cannot only predict two important properties of the superelasticity characteristics: the breaking force and the stretch of the coil wire under the axial loading, but also precisely describe and explain the Hooke's constant and torque in the entire stretching and breaking processes. The present work has provided useful information for the future experimental investigation on superelasticity as well as its application in meta-/quantum devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Dai
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Cheng DD, Zheng MJ, Yao LJ, He SH, Ma L, Shen WZ, Kong XY. The fabrication and characteristics of indium-oxide covered porous InP. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:425302. [PMID: 19779248 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/42/425302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Uniform and vertical indium-oxide nanotube (IONT) arrays embedded well in n-type InP single crystal have been successfully prepared in situ by porous InP-template-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This IONT/InP nanostructure reveals high sensitivity to humidity at room temperature, which is ascribed to the ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio of this nanostructure and the large number of oxygen defected states in IONTs. Such a nanostructure of IONT arrays embedded in a III-V semiconductor substrate could be expected to have potential applications, such as superior gas sensors. This work provides a novel approach for fabricating low-melting metal oxide semiconductor nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Cheng
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Fang ZL, Lin DQ, Kang JY, Kong JF, Shen WZ. Interface modification of the InGaN/GaN quantum wells: the strain pre-relief effect. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:235401. [PMID: 19448299 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/23/235401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Interface modification by inserting an ultrathin low-temperature GaN layer prior to the growth of high-temperature GaN barriers followed by an annealing process was employed to improve the properties of the InGaN/GaN quantum wells. By detailed studies and comparisons of the surface morphology, photoluminescence and the surface compositions of the InGaN/GaN quantum wells at different growth stages with and without the interface modification, we find that with the interface modification the surface morphology was significantly improved with better smoothness, and smaller and shallower pits of lower density compared with that without interface modification; further, the indium aggregation and phase separation were suppressed. The physical phenomena are attributed to the 'strain pre-relief effect' by the formation of quasi-dots (approximately 20 nm in diameter) prior to temperature ramping and growth of high-temperature GaN barriers. Furthermore, the ultrathin low-temperature GaN layers have a good protection property as confirmed by PL and XPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Fang
- Semiconductor Photonics Research Center, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Surface modification of GaN films by in situ droplet homoepitaxy of thin GaN layers was employed for improvement of the surface/interface qualities characterized by atomic smoothness, low defect density and surface chemistry being close to stoichiometry. We find that, with surface modification of the GaN films the surface morphology of the subsequently grown InGaN/GaN single quantum well (SQW) was improved with less density of surface pits and indium-rich inclusions. The improvement in surface smoothness and InGaN/GaN surface/interface qualities is desirable for the growth of high-quality multiple QWs (MQWs) structures and fabrication of high-performance and reliable LEDs. PL results show that with surface modification the QW luminescence was significantly enhanced by more than 50% than that without surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z L Fang
- Semiconductor Photonics Research Center, Department of Physics, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.
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Fan DH, Zhu YF, Shen WZ. Synthesis of hierarchical pure ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphology. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2008; 8:6325-6331. [PMID: 19205201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical pure ZnO nanostructures with controllable morphology were synthesized by two-step oxygen-controlled thermal evaporation method without any catalyst. Zn nanowires with little oxidation were deposited firstly on Si substrates located at the low temperature area at step one. The morphology of hierarchical ZnO nanostructures can be effectively modulated at step two by oxygen flow rate, taking advantage of the controllable oxidation rate of Zn and concentration of ZnO(x) under various oxygen supplies. Transmission electron microscope images and corresponding selected area electron diffraction patterns suggest that low oxygen supplementation causes the epitaxial growth of nanorods from the surface of the Zn nanowire, while high oxygen flow rate will lead to the preferential growth of nanorods along the [001] orientation. Room-temperature photoluminescence measurements demonstrate that the variety of nanostructures can cause the variation of the ultraviolet to green peak intensity ratio, suggesting that the controlled morphologies can be used to modulate the optical properties of ZnO nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Fan
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, China
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Hao HL, Shen WZ. Identification and control of the origin of photoluminescence from silicon quantum dots. Nanotechnology 2008; 19:455704. [PMID: 21832793 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/45/455704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a detailed investigation into the origin of photoluminescence (PL) from silicon quantum dots in hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride annealed in oxygen ambient. On the basis of structural characterization, temperature-dependent PL, time-resolved PL, and PL excitation spectra, we identify that the luminescence of the oxidized samples originates from the localized exciton radiative recombination via the surface states related to Si-N or Si-O-Si bonds. In combination with the results due to annealing in argon and hydrogen environments, we have further shown that control of the origin of the PL can be realized by modifying the radiative defect density through annealing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- H L Hao
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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27
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Zhu YF, Fan DH, Shen WZ. Chemical conversion synthesis and optical properties of metal sulfide hollow microspheres. Langmuir 2008; 24:11131-11136. [PMID: 18720954 DOI: 10.1021/la801523h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A facile chemical conversion method has been demonstrated to prepare various metal sulfide hollow microspheres. The present strategy utilizes the large difference in solubility between ZnS and other metal sulfides (Ag2S, PbS, CuS, Cu2S, Bi2S3, and Sb2S3) for the effective transformation and shows mild growth conditions and good reproducibility. The morphology, structure, and composition of the yielded hollow nanostructures have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The optical properties of the metal sulfide hollow microspheres have been systematically investigated by absorption, micro-Raman, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that these metal sulfide hollow microspheres possess good optical quality with tunable band gaps and luminescence properties, which indicate their broad potential applications. This simple chemical conversion technique can be further extended to the synthesis of other semiconductors with various morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Zhu
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Shen WZ, Jin PP, Ding QL, Wang XF, Li SM, Jiang YZ, Wang HL. [Molecular mechanisms of Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by alpha II b L721R and Q860X compound heterozygous mutation]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2008; 29:577-582. [PMID: 19175981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the molecular mechanisms of Glanzmann thrombasthenia caused by alpha II b L721R and Q860X compound heterozygous mutation. METHODS All exons and exon-intron boundaries of alpha II b and beta3 gene were amplified by PCR and analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. Gene polymorphisms were excluded by direct DNA sequencing. Alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants expressing vectors were constructed by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis. The expression of alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants on transfected cell membrane were analyzed by flow cytometry and the whole expression level was confirmed by Western blot. The subcellular localizations of alpha II b L721R and Q860X mutants were determined by immunofluorescent confocal scanning microscopy. RESULTS The alpha II b compound heterozygous mutations, T2255G (L721R) and C2671T (Q860X), were identified in the proband, the former being inherited from the maternal side and the latter the paternal side. The 293T cells cotransfected with mutated alpha II b L721R and wild-type beta3 expression plasmids expressed 2.1% of normal amount of alpha II b on the cell surface as shown by FACS, in contrast to 31.9% of normal amount of alpha II b on the cells cotransfected with cDNAs of mutated alpha II b Q860X and wildtype beta3 expression plasmids. Western blot of the cell lysates showed no detectable mature alpha II b in cells lysates with L721R mutant. While, truncated alpha II b protein was detected in cell lystes with Q860X mutant. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated that both L721R and Q860X mutant pro-alpha II bbeta33 complex colocalized in endoplasmic reticulum, but a little in Golgi. CONCLUSIONS The L721R and Q860X mutations of alpha II b prevent transport of the pro-alpha II bbeta3 complex from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, hindering its maturation and surface expression. The impaired alpha II bbeta3 transport is responsible for the thrombasthenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Affiliated Ruijin Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Jin PP, Shen WZ, Yang F, Ding QL, Wang XF, Xi XD, Wang HL. [Analysis of clinical features and genotype in three Chinese pedigrees with Glanzmann thrombasthenia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2008; 29:149-153. [PMID: 18788610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical feature and alpha II b beta 3 gene mutations of three Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) pedigrees. METHODS Platelet counts (BPC), blood film, bleeding time, platelet aggregation and flow cytometry were used for phenotype diagnosis of all the patients. All the exons of alpha II b and beta 3 genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing was performed for mutational screening. One hundred and three healthy blood donors were as normal controls. RESULTS Three probands showed normal BPC, defective platelets aggregation, prolonged bleeding time and significantly reduced platelet aggregation to ADP, epinephrine, and collagen, while relatively normal aggregation to ristocetin. Flow cytometry showed platelet surface expressed alpha II b beta 3 was strongly reduced in proband 1 and proband 3 and mildly reduced in the amount of surface expressed alpha II b beta 3 (63%) in proband 2. Sequencing results showed that proband 1 had a G10A homozygous mutation in alpha II b, and a G1412T homozygous mutation in beta3. Compound heterozygous mutations in beta3, G1199A and 1525delC were identified in proband 2. No mutations in alpha II b beta 3 gene were identified in proband 3. CONCLUSIONS Compound homozygous mutations, GI0A in alpha II b and G1412T in beta3, lead to GT in proband 1. Compound heterozygous mutations in beta3, G1199A and 1525delC, lead to GT in proband 2. The mutations of G10A, G1412T and 1525delC were reported for the first time in GT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Jin
- Clinical Transfusion Department, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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30
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Shen WZ, Zhou RF, Wang XF, Ding QL, Wang HL. [Antithrombotic mechanisms of holothurian glycosaminoglycan extracted from sea cucumber]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2006; 27:579-83. [PMID: 17278421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antithrombotic mechanisms of holothurian glycosaminoglycan (GAG) extracted from sea cucumber. METHODS Human endothelial cell line EA. hy926 cells were treated with 10 mg/L GAG or 10U/mL unfractionated heparin (UFH) by short-term (15 min - 2 h) and longer-time incubation (6 h - 48 h). Different doses of GAG were used to stimulate EA. hy926. Released free tissue factor pathway inhibitor(TFPI) was determined by ELISA assay. TFPI expression was investigated by immunofluorescent method and TFPI mRNA level by real-time PCR. In a 96-wells microtitre plate, pooled normal plasma containing different concentrations of GAG was allowed to clot by addition of thrombin and calcium chloride, fibrinolysis was induced by addition of t-PA. TRR (TAFI-related retardation of clot lysis) was used to assess thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor(TAFI) functional activity. RESULTS GAG increased TFPI synthesis, expression and secretion in a dose- and time dependent manner. GAG at low concentrations could lengthen while at intermediate concentrations could shorten clot lysis times significantly as compared to control values. TRR was dose-dependently decreased on addition of GAG. CONCLUSIONS GAG increases TFPI synthesis, expression and secretion of endothelial cells. GAG at intermediate concentrations significantly affects clot stability of a developing clot by means of diminishing TAFI activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhang Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Haematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Zeng AS, Zheng MJ, Ma L, Shen WZ. Formation of uniform and square nanopore arrays on (100) InP surfaces by a two-step etching method. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:4163-4167. [PMID: 21727554 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/16/028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Uniform and square single-crystal InP nanopore arrays have been successfully fabricated on a (100) n-InP surface by a two-step etching method. The characteristic of slow etching rates in four equivalent crystalline (011) facets of (100) n-InP in a mixture of pure HCl and pure H(3)PO(4) has been found, which is the main reason for the formation of square single-crystal InP nanopores. The distribution of nanopores can be closely associated with the distribution of carriers in the semiconductor during the electrochemical etching process. An oscillating behaviour of current has been observed, which can probably be attributed to the oscillations in concentration of the electrolyte at the pore tips caused by diffusion of the electrolyte in the nanopore channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Zeng
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China
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Ding GQ, Shen WZ, Zheng MJ, Zhou ZB. Integration of single-crystalline nanocolumns into highly ordered nanopore arrays. Nanotechnology 2006; 17:2590-2594. [PMID: 21727509 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/17/10/024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The arrangement of nanostructures into desired well-ordered architectures is crucial for the realization of functional nanodevices and has been the focus of current nanotechnology. Existing physical and chemical approaches have the ability to assemble nanostructures, but it is still a challenge to arrange basic nanostructures into a highly ordered designed pattern. Here, we report a novel method to integrate tin-doped indium oxide single-crystalline nanocolumns into highly ordered two-dimensional nanopore patterns through radio-frequency magnetron sputtering by the aid of porous alumina membranes (PAMs). We have further demonstrated that the morphology of the assembled nanopore arrays is controllable by adjusting either the PAM configurations or sputtering conditions. Our present method provides the possibility of a general approach for nanounit integration, and these assembled regular nanopore arrays pave the way for the application of novel filters and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Q Ding
- Laboratory of Condensed Matter Spectroscopy and Opto-Electronic Physics, Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Hua Shan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
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Ho JCK, Sze SCW, Shen WZ, Liu WK. Mitogenic activity of edible mushroom lectins. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2004; 1671:9-17. [PMID: 15026140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2003.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2003] [Revised: 12/19/2003] [Accepted: 12/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A special group of lectins were isolated from three popular Asian edible mushrooms: Volvariella volvacea, Pleurotus flabellatus and Hericium erinacium, and their mitogenic activities towards mouse T cells were compared to the extensively investigated Agaricus bisporus lectin (ABL) and the Jack bean lectin, Concanavalin A (Con A). Among the four mushroom lectins tested, V. volvacea lectin (VVL) exhibited strong mitogenic activity as demonstrated by 3H-thymidine incorporation, which was at least 10-fold more effective than that of Con A, and the other mushroom lectins did not exhibit any proliferative activity. Treatment with VVL and ABL resulted in activation of the protein tyrosine kinase, p56lck, and expression of early activation markers, CD69 and CD25, but only VVL induced intracellular calcium influx while ABL triggered cell death. The calcium influx was sensitive to calcium channel antagonists such as nifedipine and verapamil. The P. flabellatus lectin (PFL) and H. erinacium lectin (HEL) did not stimulate p56lck expression and cell proliferation. Neither of these lectins interfered with Con A-mediated lymphocyte proliferation, which further indicated that both PFL and HEL were non-mitogenic. Taken all results together, VVL induced mitogenesis through T cell receptors and the subsequent calcium signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C K Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Abstract
In this paper, a new approach for designing ultrasonic surgical instruments (USI) is presented. These medical instruments convert an ultrasonic signal into a mechanical vibration by utilizing a magnetostrictive method and have been found to be very useful for various medical procedures. The implemented system consists of an ultrasonic generator, a transducer, and waveguide instruments. The generator produces a high-current ultrasonic signal. The transducer converts this signal into a mechanical vibration. By use of the waveguide instrument, the vibration can be propagated and amplified. This new type of USI possesses a comprehensive ability to stop bleeding, cut bone tissues, regulate frequency automatically, control temperature, etc. The results from animal experiments and from human clinical operations show that the developed USI has the advantages in various aspects over the conventional equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Sun
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The localization of GABA and parvalbumin was studied in the developing cerebellum of human fetuses from 16 to 28 weeks of gestation. The avidin-biotin complex immunohistochemical method combined with silver staining were used to reveal the presence of GABA- and parvalbumin-positive neurons and nerve fibres. As early as the 16th week of gestation, GABA immunopositivity was observed in the cerebellar cortex and the deep nuclei. GABA-positive neurons included Purkinje cells, stellate and basket cells of the cerebellar cortex and neurons in the deep nuclei. The gradient of immunoreactivity increased with the maturing cells, being weak at 16 weeks and becoming markedly pronounced at 28 weeks of gestation. GABA-immunopositive mossy fibres were observed in the granular cell layer at 16 weeks, and by 28 weeks, a robust fibre network was present in the cortex and deep nuclei. Immunohistochemical localization for parvalbumin indicates that weak immunoreactivity was observed in Purkinje cells, stellate and basket cells at 16 weeks of gestation, increasing in intensity with advancing age, notably in the Purkinje cells which had acquired an elaborate arbor of neurites at 28 weeks of gestation. In the deep nuclei, parvalbumin-positive cells and nerve fibres were observed throughout the 16 to 28 week period. These results indicate that GABA- and parvalbumin-positive neurons and fibres appeared as early as 16 weeks of gestation, expressing a high degree of immunoreactivity by the 28 week of fetal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Injury Sciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-New Jersey Medical School Newark 07103, USA
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Yew DT, Luo CB, Shen WZ, Chow PH, Zheng DR, Yu MC. Tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive neurons and fibres in the developing human cerebellum--an immunohistochemical study. Neuroscience 1995; 65:453-61. [PMID: 7777160 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(94)00521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Six human fetuses of gestational ages 16-28 weeks were employed. The immunocytochemical avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method combined with the silver Bodian technique was used to evaluate the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase neurons and afferent and efferent fibres in the cerebellum during development. Our results illustrated that by 16-18 weeks, immunoreactivity of the Purkinje cells and the granule cells was evident. By 23 weeks, the positive Purkinje cells were tightly packed together and the perinuclear granules began to extend into the processes. The positive cells next to Purkinje cells were the basket cells and stellate cells. By 26-28 weeks, all positive cells increased in number and size. Mossy and climbing fibres appeared early in development (16-18 weeks of gestation) and were seen synapsing with the positive granule cells. At the same time, some parallel fibres were observed. At later stages, the tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase-positive Purkinje cells were surrounded by abundant climbing fibres, while parallel fibres were also evident in the molecular layer. In the deep cerebellar nuclei, positive tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase neurons were present by 16-18 weeks of development. Those in the dentate nucleus were more polymorphic but smaller in size. Some afferent fibres were also spotted around 16-18 weeks of gestation and their numbers increased later. Positive efferent fibres were present by 26 weeks. All these observations point to an early presence of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase components in cerebellar development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Yew
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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Abstract
The distribution of neuropeptide Y at different levels of the spinal cord of 23 human fetuses aged from 10-41 weeks of gestation was studied using immunocytochemical staining. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive neurons were identified at all levels of the spinal cord examined as early as 10 weeks of gestation. These cells were localized in the superficial layers (laminae I and II of Rexed) of the dorsal gray matter. As the age of the fetuses increased, their cell number increased and the region containing positive neurons extended from the superficial to deep layers (laminae III and VI). Immunoreactive fibers started to appear in fetuses at 10 weeks of gestation. They were found not only in the gray and white matters, but also in the pia mater lining the spinal cord. As the fetuses aged, the neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive fibers became mostly concentrated in the intermediate zones of the thoracic and sacral segments corresponding to the developing autonomic centers. Our results suggest that neuropeptide Y may play a role in the early development of the autonomic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li WW, Shen WZ, Hung Y, Jen PY, Yew DT. Bilateral retinal responses during the acute phase (4-14 days) after traumatization of a single eye in the mouse. Eur J Morphol 1994; 32:49-57. [PMID: 8086268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages was examined in the retinae of traumatized and non-traumatized contra-lateral eyes of mice. Traumatization was produced by channeling a small hole in the limbic region of a single eye in each animal while it was under Nembutal anesthesia and a small piece of iron wire was inserted into the eye. After the T lymphocytes and macrophages were made apparent by immuno-histochemistry, they were counted on sectioned strips of the peripheral retinae 250 micrometer in length in both traumatized and non-traumatized eyes. During the first two weeks after the induced disturbance, both the retinae of the traumatized and non-traumatized eyes showed infiltration of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Although this increase in T lymphocyte infiltration was observed in both damaged eye and the undamaged one, the former displayed an enhanced increase. The contrary was noticed for macrophages infiltrating the undamaged eye. A bilateral response was therefore evident through the cellular infiltration in the traumatized and un-traumatized eyes. Morphometrical observations also revealed nuclear size changes in the retina during this acute phase of traumatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Li
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin
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Shen WZ, Li ZY. Surface spin waves in a Heisenberg ferrimagnet with a single-ion anisotropy (uniaxial and nonuniaxial). Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:2636-2642. [PMID: 10006319 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.2636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Shen WZ, Li ZY. Surface waves in a semi-infinite antiferromagnetic-paramagnetic superlattice. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:14205-14208. [PMID: 10003497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Yew DT, Luo CB, Shen WZ. Immunohistochemical localization of enkephalin and substance P in the nucleus caudalis of the spinal trigeminal V in the medulla oblongata of the human fetus. Neuroscience 1992; 51:185-90. [PMID: 1281524 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(92)90483-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of enkephalin-positive neurons, substance P-positive and enkephalin-positive fibers was studied in the nucleus caudalis of the trigeminal spinal V in the medulla oblongata regions of developing humans (12 weeks gestation to 40 weeks gestation). Enkephalin-positive neurons were identified in all the subnuclei of the nucleus caudalis as early as 12 weeks of gestation and increased in number as the fetus aged. Substance P-positive neurons were absent in this area throughout development. On the other hand, substance P-positive and enkephalin-positive fibers were present in all the subnuclei, again commencing as early as 12 weeks of gestation. These fibers tended to be linked to each other in the different subnuclei and to the reticular formation in this area and to increase significantly in quantity by the latter quarter of pregnancy. These results show the early presence of these neurons and fibers in the first trimester of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Yew
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T
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Abstract
Retinas from embryonic day 13 or 14 Sprague-Dawley albino rats were transplanted to the brainstem of newborn rats with unilateral eye enucleation at birth. Two months after the transplantation, the activity and distribution of acetylcholinesterase and choline acetyltransferase were studied using histochemical and immunocytochemical methods respectively. Results obtained showed that the staining patterns of these two cholinergic enzymes in the retinal transplants were essentially the same as those observed in the retinas of normal rats and in the control retinas of the recipient animals. The similarities in the distribution of these two cholinergic enzymes in these retinas suggest that the cholinergic system in the retinal transplants is likely to be functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Jen
- Department of Anatomy, Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Luo CB, Zheng DR, Guan YL, Shen WZ, Liu YG, Yew DT. Localization of acetylcholinesterase positive neurons and substance P and enkephalin positive fibers by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the sympathetic intermediate zone of the developing human spinal cord. Neuroscience 1990; 39:97-102. [PMID: 1708469 DOI: 10.1016/0306-4522(90)90224-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Localization of acetylcholinesterase positive neurons and substance P and enkephalin fibers were studied by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry in the intermediate sympathetic zone of the spinal cords of 39 human embryos/fetuses from gestation ages five to 40 weeks. Acetylcholinesterase positive neurons were observed in the nucleus intermediolateralis pars principalis as early as the fifth week of gestation. By the ninth to 13th weeks of gestation, positive neurons were also seen in the nuclei intermedialis pars funicularis, intercalatus spinalis and intercalatus pars paraependymalis. Increase in amount of these positive acetylcholinesterase neurons was demonstrated till term. Substance P and enkephalin fibers were initially observed by the eighth gestation week in the intermediolaterlis pars principalis nucleus and positive fibers were then detected in the nucleus intermedialis pars funicularis as well as the nucleus intercalatus spinalis by the 14th week of gestation. By the 26th week of gestation, all the major nuclei intermediolateralis par principalis, intermedialis pars funicularis, intercalatus spinalis and intercalatus pars paraependymalis has substance P and enkephalin fibers. Initial demonstration of acetylcholinesterase positive neurons appeared to be at an earlier stage than that of our substance P and enkephalin positive fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Jinan University, People's Republic of China
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Shen WZ, Luo ZB, Zheng DR, Yew DT. Immunohistochemical studies on the development of 5-HT (serotonin) neurons in the nuclei of the reticular formations of human fetuses. Pediatr Neurosci 1989; 15:291-5. [PMID: 2489587 DOI: 10.1159/000120485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
5-HT-positive neurons were detected by the PAP immunohistochemical methods in different nuclei of the reticular formations of human fetuses as early as 10 weeks of gestation. The majority of positive 5-HT cells were located in dorsal raphe and central superior nuclei, and there was a reduction of these neurons per 40-microns section as the fetus aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Yu CM, Shen WZ, Chen YC, Chen Y C, Zhu YL. [Studies on the alkaloids of Chinese medicine, Lycopodium serratum]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 1982; 17:795-7. [PMID: 7168328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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