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Byun KA, Park Y, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Co-Treatment with Phlorotannin and Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava Inhibits UV-Induced Melanogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38671856 PMCID: PMC11047619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation due to ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis causes various esthetic problems. Phlorotannin (PT) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various plants suppress melanogenesis pathways. We used UV-exposed keratinocytes and animal skin to determine if co-treatment with PT and EVs from Ecklonia cava (EVE) could inhibit melanogenesis by reducing UV-induced oxidative stress and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway, which are upstream signals of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. UV exposure increased oxidative stress in keratinocytes and animal skin, as evaluated by 8-OHdG expression, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE. UV also increased binding between NLRP3 and TXNIP, which increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE in keratinocytes and animal skin. In melanocytes, conditioned media (CM) from UV-exposed keratinocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis-related pathways; however, these effects were reduced with CM from UV-exposed keratinocytes treated with PT and EVE. Similarly, PT and EVE treatment reduced melanogenesis-related signals, melanin content, and increased basement membrane (BM) components in UV-exposed animal skin. Thus, co-treatment with PT and EVE reduced melanogenesis and restored the BM structure by reducing oxidative stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Park E, Kim BY, Lee S, Son KH, Bang J, Hong SH, Lee JW, Uhm KO, Kwak HJ, Lim HJ. Diesel exhaust particle exposure exacerbates ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction in the multiciliated bronchial epithelium models. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2024; 273:116090. [PMID: 38364346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelium, the first defense barrier of the respiratory system, facilitates mucociliary clearance against inflammatory stimuli, such as pathogens and particulates inhaled into the airway and lung. Inhaled particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) can penetrate the alveolar region of the lung, and it can develop and exacerbate respiratory diseases. Although the pathophysiological effects of PM2.5 in the respiratory system are well known, its impact on mucociliary clearance of airway epithelium has yet to be clearly defined. In this study, we used two different 3D in vitro airway models, namely the EpiAirway-full-thickness (FT) model and a normal human bronchial epithelial cell (NHBE)-based air-liquid interface (ALI) system, to investigate the effect of diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) belonging to PM2.5 on mucociliary clearance. RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses of EpiAirway-FT exposed to DEPs indicated that DEP-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are related to ciliary and microtubule function and inflammatory-related pathways. The exposure to DEPs significantly decreased the number of ciliated cells and shortened ciliary length. It reduced the expression of cilium-related genes such as acetylated α-tubulin, ARL13B, DNAH5, and DNAL1 in the NHBEs cultured in the ALI system. Furthermore, DEPs significantly increased the expression of MUC5AC, whereas they decreased the expression of epithelial junction proteins, namely, ZO1, Occludin, and E-cadherin. Impairment of mucociliary clearance by DEPs significantly improved the release of epithelial-derived inflammatory and fibrotic mediators such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, MMP-1, VEGF, and S100A9. Taken together, it can be speculated that DEPs can cause ciliary dysfunction, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and the disruption of the epithelial barrier, resulting in the hyperproduction of lung injury mediators. Our data strongly suggest that PM2.5 exposure is directly associated with ciliary and epithelial barrier dysfunction and may exacerbate lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Bu-Yeo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, South Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 215565, South Korea
| | - Jihye Bang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Se Hyang Hong
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Joong Won Lee
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Uhm
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwak
- Department of Bio and Fermentation Convergence Technology, Kookmin Univerisity, Seonbuk-Gu, Seoul 02707, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Chungju, Chungcheongbuk-do 28159, South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea.
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Lee SI, Son KH, Park CH. Optimal Dose Warfarin for Asian Patients After Mitral Valve Replacement. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 117:482-483. [PMID: 37302456 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2023.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea.
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Park JK, Kim KW, Kim HJ, Choi SY, Son KH, Lee JW. 3D-Printed Auxetic Skin Scaffold for Decreasing Burn Wound Contractures at Joints. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:516. [PMID: 37888181 PMCID: PMC10607279 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14100516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
For patients with severe burns that consist of contractures induced by fibrous scar tissue formation, a graft must adhere completely to the wound bed to enable wound healing and neovascularization. However, currently available grafts are insufficient for scar suppression owing to their nonuniform pressure distribution in the wound area. Therefore, considering the characteristics of human skin, which is omnidirectionally stretched via uniaxial stretching, we proposed an auxetic skin scaffold with a negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) for tight adherence to the skin scaffold on the wound bed site. Briefly, a skin scaffold with the NPR effect was fabricated by creating a fine pattern through 3D printing. Electrospun layers were also added to improve adhesion to the wound bed. Fabricated skin scaffolds displayed NPR characteristics (-0.5 to -0.1) based on pulling simulation and experiment. Finger bending motion tests verified the decreased marginal forces (<50%) and deformation (<60%) of the NPR scaffold. In addition, the filling of human dermal fibroblasts in most areas (>95%) of the scaffold comprising rarely dead cells and their spindle-shaped morphologies revealed the high cytocompatibility of the developed scaffold. Overall, the developed skin scaffold may help reduce wound strictures in the joints of patients with burns as it exerts less pressure on the wound margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Kyu Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (K.W.K.); (H.J.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Hyun Joo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (K.W.K.); (H.J.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Seon Young Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (K.W.K.); (H.J.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea; (K.W.K.); (H.J.K.); (S.Y.C.)
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Rhee DY, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Collagen and Elastin Fiber Synthesis by Modulating Caveolin-1 in Aging Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2275. [PMID: 37759497 PMCID: PMC10527789 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) induces cellular senescence by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and activating p53 via inhibition of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment increases collagen synthesis, rejuvenating skin. Using H2O2-induced senescent fibroblasts and the skin of 12-month-old mice, we tested the hypothesis that HIFU increases collagen production through Cav-1 modulation. HIFU was administered at 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 J in the LINEAR and DOT modes. In both models, HIFU administration decreased Cav-1 levels, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased the binding of Cav-1 with both MDM2 and Sirt1. HIFU administration decreased p53 activation (acetylated p53) and p21 levels and increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels in both models. HIFU treatment increased collagen and elastin expression, collagen fiber accumulation, and elastin fiber density in aging skin, with 0.5 J in LINEAR mode resulting in the most prominent effects. HIFU treatment increased collagen synthesis to levels similar to those in Cav-1-silenced senescent fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HIFU administration increases dermal collagen and elastin fibers in aging skin via Cav-1 modulation and reduced p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Lee SI, Choi CH, Park CH, Son KH. Nutritional indices for screening sarcopenia before adult cardiac surgery. J Thorac Dis 2023; 15:3307-3318. [PMID: 37426119 PMCID: PMC10323577 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-22-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Malnutrition can increase and exacerbate sarcopenia, and preoperative nutritional indices could have potential use as screening tools for sarcopenia in all patients, not only those with limited activity. Muscle strengths, such as grip strength, chair stand test, are used to screen for sarcopenia, but these measurements are time-consuming and cannot be applied to all patients. This retrospective study was conducted to determine whether nutritional indices can predict the presence of sarcopenia before adult cardiac surgery. Methods The study subjects were 499 patients aged ≥18 who had undergone cardiac surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Bilateral psoas muscle mass areas at the top level of the iliac crest were measured by abdominal computed tomography. Preoperative nutritional statuses were evaluated using COntrolling NUTritional status (CONUT) score, Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), and Nutritional Risk Index (NRI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to identify the nutritional index that best predicted the presence of sarcopenia. Results The 124 patients (24.8%) in the sarcopenic group were older (69.0 vs. 62.0 years; P<0.001), and had a lower mean body weight (58.90 vs. 65.70 kg; P<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (2.22 vs. 2.49 kg/m2; P<0.001), and a poorer nutritional status than the 375 patients in the non-sarcopenic group. ROC curve analysis showed that NRI [area under the curve (AUC) 0.716, confidence intervals (CI): 0.664-0.768] better predicted the presence of sarcopenia than CONUT score (AUC 0.607, CI: 0.549-0.665) or PNI (AUC 0.574, CI: 0.515-0.633). The optimal NRI cut-off value was 105.25, which provided a sensitivity of 67.7% and a specificity of 65.1% for the prevalence of sarcopenia. The median durations of mechanical support (17 vs. 16 hours; P=0.008) and intensive care unit stay (3 vs. 2 days; P=0.001) were significantly longer in the sarcopenic group. Conclusions NRI offers a more straightforward, faster, and reproducible screening tool than muscle strength or mass measurement for identifying sarcopenia, and an alternative means of assessment in patients with limited activity before adult cardiac surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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Batsukh S, Oh S, Rheu K, Lee BJ, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Rice Germ Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2719. [PMID: 37375622 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, increasing cortisol levels. Glucocorticoids (GCs) promote muscle degradation and inhibit muscle synthesis, eventually causing muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether rice germ supplemented with 30% γ-aminobutyric acid (RG) attenuates muscle atrophy in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). We observed that CUMS raised the adrenal gland weight and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and these effects were reversed by RG. CUMS also enhanced the expression of the GC receptor (GR) and GC-GR binding in the gastrocnemius muscle, which were attenuated by RG. The expression levels of muscle degradation-related signaling pathways, such as the Klf15, Redd-1, FoxO3a, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 pathways, were enhanced by CUMS and attenuated by RG. Muscle synthesis-related signaling pathways, such as the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR/s6k/4E-BP1 pathway, were reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. Moreover, CUMS raised oxidative stress by enhancing the levels of iNOS and acetylated p53, which are involved in cell cycle arrest, whereas RG attenuated both iNOS and acetylated p53 levels. Cell proliferation in the gastrocnemius muscle was reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. The muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and grip strength were reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. Therefore, RG attenuated ACTH levels and cortisol-related muscle atrophy in CUMS animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Rheu
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Filler Increases Extracellular Matrix by Modulating Macrophages and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Aged Animal Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1204. [PMID: 37371934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) filler corrects soft tissue volume loss by increasing collagen synthesis in the dermis; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are known to attenuate the decrease in fibroblast collagen synthesis that occurs during aging, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (NRF2) increases ASCs survival by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 expression. We evaluated the ability of PDLLA to induce collagen synthesis in fibroblasts by modulating macrophages and ASCs in a H2O2-induced cellular senescence model and aged animal skin. PDLLA increased M2 polarization and NRF2 and IL-10 expression in senescence-induced macrophages. Conditioned media from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA (PDLLA-CMMΦ) reduced senescence and increased proliferation and expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 in senescence-induced ASCs. Conditioned media from senescent ASCs treated with PDLLA-CMMΦ (PDLLA-CMASCs) increased the expression of collagen 1a1 and collagen 3a1 and reduced the expression of NF-κB and MMP2/3/9 in senescence-induced fibroblasts. Injection of PDLLA in aged animal skin resulted in increased expression of NRF2, IL-10, collagen 1a1, and collagen 3a1 and increased ASCs proliferation in aged animal skin. These results suggest that PDLLA increases collagen synthesis by modulating macrophages to increase NRF2 expression, which stimulates ASCs proliferation and secretion of TGF-β and FGF2. This leads to increased collagen synthesis, which can attenuate aging-induced soft tissue volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Bang J, Son KH, Heo HR, Park E, Kwak HJ, Uhm KO, Chung MH, Kim YY, Lim HJ. Exogenous 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine Attenuates PM 2.5-Induced Inflammation in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells by Decreasing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1189. [PMID: 37371919 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) induces lung injury by increasing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation. ROS aggravates NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which activates caspase-1, IL-1β, and IL-18 and induces pyroptosis; these factors propagate inflammation. In contrast, treatment with exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreases RAC1 activity and eventually decreases dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) and ROS generation. To establish modalities that would mitigate PM2.5-induced lung injury, we evaluated whether 8-OHdG decreased PM2.5-induced ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in BEAS-2B cells. CCK-8 and lactate dehydrogenase assays were used to determine the treatment concentration. Fluorescence intensity, Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and immunoblotting assays were also performed. Treatment with 80 μg/mL PM2.5 increased ROS generation, RAC1 activity, NOX1 expression, NLRP3 inflammasome (NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1) activity, and IL-1β and IL-18 levels in cells; treatment with 10 μg/mL 8-OHdG significantly attenuated these effects. Furthermore, similar results, such as reduced expression of NOX1, NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, were observed in PM2.5-treated BEAS-2B cells when treated with an RAC1 inhibitor. These results show that 8-OHdG mitigates ROS generation and NLRP3 inflammation by inhibiting RAC1 activity and NOX1 expression in respiratory cells exposed to PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Bang
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ryeon Heo
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsook Park
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Kwak
- Major of Life Science, Division of Bioconvergence, College of Convergence and Integrated Science, Kyonggi University, 154-42 Gwanggosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ok Uhm
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Chung
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155, Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Youl Kim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joung Lim
- Division of Allergy and Respiratory Disease Research, Department of Chronic Disease Convergence Research, National Institute of Health, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex 187, Osongsaengmyeong 2-ro, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si 28159, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Lee JH, Kim HM, Batsukh S, Sung MJ, Lim TH, Lee MH, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-L-Lactic Acid Fillers Improved Dermal Collagen Synthesis by Modulating M2 Macrophage Polarization in Aged Animal Skin. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091320. [PMID: 37174720 PMCID: PMC10177436 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers correct cutaneous volume loss by stimulating fibroblasts to synthesize collagen and by augmenting the volume. PLLA triggers the macrophage-induced activation of fibroblasts that secrete transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). However, whether M2 macrophage polarization is involved in PLLA-induced collagen synthesis via fibroblast activation in aged skin is not known. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of PLLA on dermal collagen synthesis via M2 polarization in an H2O2-induced cellular senescence model and aged animal skin. H2O2-treated macrophages had increased expression levels of the M1 marker CD80 and decreased expression levels of the M2 marker CD163, which were reversed by PLLA. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which mediate M2 polarization, were decreased in H2O2-treated macrophages and increased upon the PLLA treatment. CD163, IL-4, and IL-13 expression levels were decreased in aged skin, but increased after the PLLA treatment. The expression levels of TGF-β, pSMAD2/SMAD2, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1A1 (COL1A1), and COL3A1 were also decreased in aged skin, but increased after the PLLA treatment. Moreover, PLLA upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85α (PI3-kinase p85α)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, leading to fibroblast proliferation. PLLA decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP3, which destroy collagen and elastin fibers in aged skin. The amount of collagen and elastin fibers in aged skin increased following the PLLA treatment. In conclusion, PLLA causes M2 polarization by increasing IL-4 and IL-13 levels and upregulating TGF-β expression and collagen synthesis in aged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyuk Lee
- Doctorbom Clinic, Seoul 06614, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Stimulates Angiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097986. [PMID: 37175693 PMCID: PMC10178436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis promotes rejuvenation in multiple organs, including the skin. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proangiogenic factors that stimulate the activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), polynucleotide (PN), and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are dermal fillers that stimulate the synthesis of dermal collagen. However, it is not yet known whether these compounds promote angiogenesis, which leads to skin rejuvenation. Here, we evaluated whether PDLLA, PN, and CaHA stimulate angiogenesis and skin rejuvenation using H2O2-treated senescent macrophages and endothelial cells as an in vitro model for skin aging, and we used young and aged C57BL/6 mice as an in vivo model. Angiogenesis was evaluated via endothelial cell migration length, proliferation, and tube formation after conditioned media (CM) from senescent macrophages was treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. Western blot showed decreased expression levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF in senescent macrophages, but higher expression levels of these factors were found after treatment with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. In addition, after exposure to CM from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, senescent endothelial cells expressed higher levels of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PI3K, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and demonstrated greater capacities for cell migration, cell proliferation, and tube formation. Based on the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, the oxidative stress level was lower in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, while the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression levels; the density of collagen fibers; and the skin elasticity were higher in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. These effects were greater in PDLLA than in PN or CaHA. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PDLLA stimulates angiogenesis, leading to the rejuvenation of aged skin. Our study is the first to show that PDLLA, PN, or CaHA can result in angiogenesis in the aged skin, possibly by increasing the levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF and increasing collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Son KH, Byun K. Radiofrequency Irradiation Attenuated UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Modulating ATP Release and CD39 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065506. [PMID: 36982581 PMCID: PMC10052073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation stimulated by ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanin overproduction causes various cosmetic problems. UV radiation’s activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway is the main pathway for melanogenesis. However, the secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from keratinocytes due to UV radiation also leads to melanogenesis. Adenosine, converted from ATP by CD39 and CD73, can activate adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and increase intracellular cAMP expression. cAMP-mediated PKA activation results in dynamic mitochondrial changes that affect melanogenesis via ERK. We evaluated whether radiofrequency (RF) irradiation could decrease ATP release from keratinocytes and suppress the expression of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) and the activity of AC and downregulate the PKA/CREB/MITF pathway, which would eventually decrease melanogenesis in vitro in UV-irradiated cells and animal skin. Our results indicate that RF decreased ATP release from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. When conditioned media (CM) from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB) were administered to melanocytes, the expressions of CD39, CD73, A2A/A2BARs, cAMP, and PKA increased. However, the expression of these factors decreased when CM from UVB and RF-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB/RF) was administered to melanocytes. The phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser637, which inhibits mitochondrial fission, increased in UVB-irradiated animal skin and was decreased by RF irradiation. The expression of ERK1/2, which can degrade MITF, was increased using RF treatment in UVB-irradiated animal skin. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes increased following CM-UVB administration, and these increases were reversed after CD39 silencing. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes were decreased by CM-UVB/RF irradiation. In conclusion, RF irradiation decreased ATP release from keratinocytes and the expressions of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2BARs, which decreased AC activity in melanocytes. RF irradiation downregulated the cAMP-mediated PKA/CREB/MITF pathway and tyrosinase activity, and these inhibitory effects can be mediated via CD39 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Hwang S, Kim SH, Yoo KH, Chung MH, Lee JW, Son KH. Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:55. [DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractDoxorubicin (DOX), which is widely used in cancer treatment, can induce cardiomyopathy. One of the main mechanisms whereby DOX induces cardiotoxicity involves pyroptosis through the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and gasdermin D (GSDMD). Increased NAPDH oxidase (NOX) and oxidative stress trigger pyroptosis. Exogenous 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by inactivating NOX. Here, we examined whether 8-OHdG treatment can attenuate DOX-induced pyroptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Exposure to DOX increased the peroxidative glutathione redox status and NOX1/2/4, toll-like receptor (TLR)2/4, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) expression, while an additional 8-OHdG treatment attenuated these effects. Furthermore, DOX induced higher expression of NLRP3 inflammasome components, including NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a c-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and pro-caspase-1. Moreover, it increased caspase-1 activity, a marker of pyroptosis, and interleukin (IL)-1β expression. All these effects were attenuated by 8-OHdG treatment. In addition, the expression of the cardiotoxicity markers, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was increased by DOX, whereas the increase of ANP and BNP induced by DOX treatment was reversed by 8-OHdG. In conclusion, exogenous 8-OHdG attenuated DOX-induced pyroptosis by decreasing the expression of NOX1/2/3, TLR2/4, and NF-κB. Thus, 8-OHdG may attenuate DOX-induced cardiotoxicity through the inhibition of pyroptosis.
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Son KH, Kim WH, Kwak JG, Choi CH, Lee SI, Ko UW, Kim HS, Lee H, Chung ES, Kim JB, Jang WS, Jung JS, Kim J, Yoon YK, Song S, Sung M, Jang MH, Kim YS, Jeong IS, Kim DW, Kim TY, Kim SJ, Kim SW, Hong J, An H. Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia Are Associated with In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Supported with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175106. [PMID: 36079032 PMCID: PMC9457381 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic abnormalities, such as preexisting diabetes or hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia during hospitalization aggravated the severity of COVID-19. We evaluated whether diabetes history, hyperglycemia before and during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, and hypoglycemia were risk factors for mortality in patients with COVID-19. This study included data on 195 patients with COVID-19, who were aged ≥19 years and were treated with ECMO. The proportion of patients with diabetes history among nonsurvivors was higher than that among survivors. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that in-hospital mortality after ECMO support was associated with diabetes history, renal replacement therapy (RRT), and body mass index (BMI) < 18.5 kg/m2. Glucose at admission >200 mg/dL and glucose levels before ventilator >200 mg/dL were not associated with in-hospital mortality. However, glucose levels before ECMO >200 mg/dL and minimal glucose levels during hospitalization <70 mg/dL were associated with in-hospital mortality. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that glucose >200 mg/dL before ECMO and minimal glucose <70 mg/dL during hospitalization remained risk factors for in-hospital mortality after adjustment for age, BMI, and RRT. In conclusion, glucose >200 mg/dL before ECMO and minimal glucose level <70 mg/dL during hospitalization were risk factors for in-hospital mortality among COVID-19 patients who underwent ECMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Woong-Han Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2072-3637
| | - Jae Gun Kwak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children’s Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Ui Won Ko
- Pulmonary and Allergy Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Hyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan 49267, Korea
| | - Euy Suk Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 03181, Korea
| | - Jae-Bum Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu 42601, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jieon Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Young Kyung Yoon
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Minji Sung
- Health Convergence Medicine Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Myung Hun Jang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Busan 49241, Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22332, Korea
| | - In-Seok Jeong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61649, Korea
| | - Do Wan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61649, Korea
| | - Tae Yun Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Soon Jin Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Korea
| | - Su Wan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju 63241, Korea
| | - Joonhwa Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul 06973, Korea
| | - Hyungmi An
- Institute of Convergence Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Seoul 07985, Korea
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Ji MJ, Son KH, Hong JH. Addition of oh8dG to Cardioplegia Attenuated Myocardial Oxidative Injury through the Inhibition of Sodium Bicarbonate Cotransporter Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11091641. [PMID: 36139714 PMCID: PMC9495749 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11091641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomarker 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (oh8dG) is derived from oxidized nucleic acids or products of oxidant-mediated DNA damage. Enhanced sodium bicarbonate cotransporter (NBC) activity is caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in ventricular myocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that cardioplegia-solution-mediated ROS generation may be involved in the regulation of NBC activity in cardiomyocytes and that oh8dG treatment may modulate ROS and associated NBC activity. Langendorff-free cardioplegia-arrested cardiac strips and cardiomyocytes were isolated to determine the NBC activity and effects of oh8dG on oxidative-stress-mediated cardiac damage markers. We first determined the histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution mediated NBC activity in cardiac strips and cells. The oh8dG treatment attenuated NBC activity in the electroneutral or electrogenic form of NBC. Additionally, exposure to HTK solution induced ROS, whereas co-administration of oh8dG attenuated ROS-mediated NBC activity, reduced ROS levels, and decreased the expression of apoptotic markers and fibrosis-associated proteins in cardiac cells. The oh8dG-administrated cardiac tissues were also protected from enhanced HTK-induced damage markers, heat shock protein 60 and polyADP-ribose. Our results show that oh8dG has a protective role against myocardial oxidative damage and provides a useful treatment strategy for restoring cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Ji
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (J.H.H.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6682 (J.H.H.)
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (J.H.H.); Tel.: +82-32-899-6682 (J.H.H.)
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Oh S, Kim HM, Batsukh S, Sun HJ, Kim T, Kang D, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168866. [PMID: 36012125 PMCID: PMC9408610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During skin aging, the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) and the adipogenesis potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) decrease. It is known that the shortening of cilia length by pro-inflammatory cytokines is related to the decreased adipogenic differentiation of ASCs via increase in Wnt5a/β-catenin. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to upregulate heat shock proteins (HSP), which decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated whether HIFU modulates the cilia of ASCs by upregulating HSP70 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. HIFU was applied at 0.2 J to rat skin, which was harvested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. All results for HIFU-applied animals were compared with control animals that were not treated. HIFU increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in sWAT. HIFU decreased the expression of cilia disassembly-related factors (AurA and HDAC9) in ASCs. Furthermore, HIFU increased the expression of cilia assembly-related factors (KIF3A and IFT88), decreased that of WNT5A/β-catenin, and increased that of the adipogenesis markers PPARγ and CEBPα in sWAT. HIFU increased the number of adipocytes in the sWAT and the thickness of sWAT. In conclusion, HIFU could selectively increase sWAT levels by modulating the cilia of ASCs and be used for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Byun KA, Oh S, Yang JY, Lee SY, Son KH, Byun K. Ecklonia cava extracts decrease hypertension-related vascular calcification by modulating PGC-1α and SOD2. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113283. [PMID: 35717781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is induced by a decrease in sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), eventually leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotype alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells in hypertension. Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) is known to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and SOD2. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ECE on decreasing VC by increasing PGC-1α which increased SOD2 activity and decreased mtROS in an in vitro VSMC model of treating serums from Wistar Kyoto (WKY), spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), and ECE-treated SHRs. Furthermore, the decreasing effect of ECE on VC was evaluated with an in vivo SHR model. PGC-1α expression, SIRT3 expression, and SOD2 activity were decreased by the serum from the SHRs and increased by the serum from the ECE-treated SHRs in the VSMCs. PGC-1α silencing eliminated those increases. mtROS generation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Mitochondrial fission increased in the SHRs but decreased by ECE. Mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis were decreased in the SHRs but increased by ECE. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and calcium deposition in the medial layer of the aorta increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Therefore, ECE decreases VC via the upregulation of PGC-1α and SIRT3, which increases SOD2 activity. Activated SOD2 decreases mtDNA damage and mtROS generation, which sequentially decreases NADPH oxidase activity and changes the mitochondrial dynamics, thereby decreasing VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Kim HM, Byun KA, Oh S, Yang JY, Park HJ, Chung MS, Son KH, Byun K. A Mixture of Topical Forms of Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Attenuated Skin Pigmentation and Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041276. [PMID: 35209068 PMCID: PMC8879610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that increased oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces melanogenesis and activates metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen and elastin fibers, leading to decreased skin elasticity. Various antioxidant agents, such as vitamin C and niacinamide, have been evaluated for use as treatments for photoaging or skin pigmentation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a topical liquid formula of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), vitamin C, and niacinamide (PVN) delivered via a microneedling therapy system (MTS) to attenuate photoaging and pigmentation by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreasing MMP expression in a UV-B-radiated animal model. The effects of the PVN were compared with those of individual PDRN and hydroquinone (HQ) compounds. The expression of NRF2/HO-1 significantly increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated animal skin. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and the superoxide dismutase activity increased. The expression of tumor protein p53 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase activity decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and this decrease was accompanied by decreased melanin content in the skin. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and MMP2/3/9 decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated skin. However, the expression of collagen type I α1 chain and the amount of collagen fibers that were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. The contents of elastin fibers, fibrillin 1/2 and fibulin 5 increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. In conclusion, PVN delivered via MTS led to decreased melanogenesis and destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by MMPs, and, thus, PVN decreased skin pigmentation and increased skin elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Maylin Anti-Aging Center Apgujeong, Seoul 06005, Korea;
| | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Oh S, Son M, Jang JT, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6, 6-Bieckol Restored Primary Cilia Length, Which Was Decreased by High-Fat Diet in Visceral Adipose Tissue, and Decreased Adipogenesis. Int J Endocrinol 2022; 2022:8486965. [PMID: 35469126 PMCID: PMC9034920 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8486965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Length of primary cilia, which involves cell cycle reentry and disassembly of cilia, promotes cell mitosis. It is known that the cilia length in adipose tissue of the high-fat diet (HFD) animals was shortened and accompanied by increased adipogenesis. Male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into groups. The mice group was given the normal fat diet (NFD/saline), HFD mice group for 4 weeks, and then HFD was also treated for the next 4 weeks with saline (HFD/saline), Ecklonia cava extract (HFD/ECE), or pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6, 6-bieckol, a segment of ECE (HFD/PPB). We evaluated the effect of ECE and PPB on modulating cilia length of visceral adipose tissue and decreasing adipogenesis by decreasing cell cycle reentry using an HFD-fed mouse model. ECE and PPB decreased physiological changes, which increased by HFD, but ECE and PPB decreased the upregulation of the IL-6/STAT3/AURKA signaling pathway, which is involved in cilia disassembly. In addition, ECE or PPB elongated the cilia and decreased cyclin A2 and Cdk2 expression, which promote cell cycle reentry, and decreased the adipogenesis genes. PPB and ECE restored cilia length and decreased adipogenesis through modulating the IL-6/STAT3/AURKA pathway and decreasing cell cycle reentry in the visceral adipose tissue of HFD/saline mice group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
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Kim HM, Oh S, Choi CH, Yang JY, Kim S, Kang D, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuation Effect of Radiofrequency Irradiation on UV-B-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Decreasing Melanin Synthesis and through Upregulation of Heat Shock Protein 70. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247648. [PMID: 34946730 PMCID: PMC8708156 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess melanin deposition in the skin causes cosmetic problems. HSP70 upregulation decreases microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) expression, which eventually decreases tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation upregulates p53, which increases the melanocortin receptor (MC1R) and MITF. Furthermore, HSP70 decreases p53 and radiofrequency irradiation (RF) increases HSP70. We evaluated whether RF increased HSP70 and decreased p53, consequently decreasing the MITF/tyrosinase pathway and melanogenesis in UV-B radiated animal skin. Various RF combinations with 50, 100, and 150 ms and 5, 10, and 15 W were performed on the UV-B radiated mouse skin every 2 d for 28 d. When RF was performed with 100 ms/10 W, melanin deposition, evaluated by Fontana–Masson staining, decreased without skin crust formation in the UV-B radiated skin. Thus, we evaluated the effect of RF on decreasing melanogenesis in the HEMn and UV-B radiated skin at a setting of 100 ms/10 W. HSP70 expression was decreased in the UV-B radiated skin but was increased by RF. The expression of p53, MC1R, and MITF increased in the UV-B radiated skin but was decreased by RF. The expression of p53, MC1R, and MITF increased in the α-MSH treated HEMn but was decreased by RF. The decreasing effects of RF on p53, MC1R, CREB and MITF were higher than those of HSP70-overexpressed HEMn. The decreasing effect of RF on p53, MC1R, CREB, and MITF disappeared in the HSP70-silenced HEMn. MC1R, CREB, and MITF were not significantly decreased by the p53 inhibitor in α-MSH treated HEMn. RF induced a greater decrease in MC1R, CREB, and MITF than the p53 inhibitor. Therefore, RF may have decreased melanin synthesis by increasing HSP70 and decreasing p53, thus decreasing MC1R/CREB/MITF and tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Sunggeun Kim
- Jeisys Medical Inc., Seoul 08501, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Donghwan Kang
- Jeisys Medical Inc., Seoul 08501, Korea; (S.K.); (D.K.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Oh SE, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol-Attenuated High-Fat Diet Induced Muscle Atrophy by Modulating Muscular Deposition of Lipid Droplets. Nutrients 2021; 13:3160. [PMID: 34579038 PMCID: PMC8467349 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An excessive fat diet induces intramuscular fat deposition that accumulates as a form of lipid droplet (LD) and leads to lipotoxicity, including muscle atrophy or decreasing muscle strength. Lipotoxicity depends on the number of LDs, subcellular distribution (intermyofibrillar, IMF, LDs or subsarcolemmal, SS), and fiber type-specific differences (type I or type II fiber) as well as the size of LD. Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), which is known to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), which leads to decreasing expression level of perilipin2 (PLIN2). PLIN2 is involved in modulating the size of LDs. This study shows that ECE and dieckol could decrease PLIN2 expression and decrease the size and number of LDs in the muscle of high-fat diet (HF)-fed animals and lead to attenuating muscle atrophy. Expression level of PPAR-α was decreased, and PLIN2 was increased by HF. ECE and dieckol increased PPAR-α expression and decreased PLIN2. The diameter of LDs was increased in high-fat diet condition, and it was decreased by ECE or dieckol treatment. The number of LDs in type II fibers/total LDs was increased by HF and it was decreased by ECE or dieckol. The SS LDs were increased, and IMF LDs were decreased by HF. ECE or dieckol decreased SS LDs and increased IMF LDs. The ECE or dieckol attenuated the upregulation of muscle atrophy-related genes including Murf1, Atrogin-1, and p53 by HF. ECE or dieckol increased the cross-sectional area of the muscle fibers and grip strength, which were decreased by HF. In conclusion, ECE or dieckol decreased the size of LDs and modulated the contribution of LDs to less toxic ones by decreasing PLIN2 expression and thus attenuated muscle atrophy and strength, which were induced by HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Seung Eon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy&Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (S.E.O.)
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Decreases Caloric Intake and Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:495. [PMID: 34564157 PMCID: PMC8469311 DOI: 10.3390/md19090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is the main pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation affects lymphatic vessel function that contributes to the removal of immune cells or macromolecules. Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels with decreased permeability are present in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to increase body weight, food intake, and inflammation in the liver. Previously, it was reported that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) decreased food intake or weight gain, and low-calorie diet and weight loss is known as a treatment for NAFLD. In this study, the effects of ECE and dieckol (DK)-which is one component of ECE that decreases inflammation and increases lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage by controlling lymphatic permeability in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice-on weight gain and food intake were investigated. ECE and DK decreased weight gain and food intake in the HFD-fed mice. NAFLD activities such as steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning were increased by HFD and attenuated by ECE and DK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and infiltration of M1 macrophages were increased by HFD, and they were decreased by ECE or DK. The signaling pathways of lymphangiogenesis, VEGFR-3, PI3K/pAKT, and pERK were decreased by HFD, and they were restored by either ECE or DK. The expression of VE-cadherin (which represents lymphatic junctional function) was increased by HFD, although it was restored by either ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE and DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing weight gain and food intake, decreasing inflammation, and increasing lymphangiogenesis, as well as modulating lymphatic vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
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Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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Son M, Oh S, Choi J, Jang JT, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on Hypertensive Nephropathy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084230. [PMID: 33921823 PMCID: PMC8073021 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension induces renal fibrosis or tubular interstitial fibrosis, which eventually results in end-stage renal disease. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one of the underlying mechanisms of renal fibrosis. Though previous studies showed that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) and dieckol (DK) had inhibitory action on angiotensin (Ang) I-converting enzyme, which converts Ang I to Ang II. It is known that Ang II is involved in renal fibrosis; however, it was not evaluated whether ECE or DK attenuated hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT. In this study, the effect of ECE and DK on decreasing Ang II and its down signal pathway of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R)/TGFβ/SMAD, which is related with the EMT and restoring renal function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), was investigated. Either ECE or DK significantly decreased the serum level of Ang II in the SHRs. Moreover, the renal expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD was decreased by the administration of either ECE or DK. The mesenchymal cell markers in the kidney of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The fibrotic tissue of the kidney of SHRs was also significantly decreased by ECE or DK. The ratio of urine albumin/creatinine of SHRs was significantly decreased by ECE or DK. Overall, the results of this study indicate that ECE and DK decreased the serum levels of Ang II and expression of AT1R/TGFβ/SMAD, and then decreased the EMT and renal fibrosis in SHRs. Furthermore, the decrease in EMT and renal fibrosis could lead to the restoration of renal function. It seems that ECE or DK could be beneficial for decreasing hypertensive nephropathy by decreasing EMT and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.C.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.)
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Kim KW, Baek MO, Yoon MS, Son KH. Deterioration of mitochondrial function in the human intercostal muscles differs among individuals with sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:2697-2706. [PMID: 33933735 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Sarcopenic obesity (SO) increases the risk of mortality more than sarcopenia or obesity alone. Sarcopenia weakens the peripheral and respiratory muscles, leading to respiratory complications. It also induces mitochondrial dysfunction in the peripheral muscle; however, whether mitochondrial dysfunction in respiratory muscles differs among individuals with obesity, sarcopenia, and SO remains unknown. We evaluated the deterioration of respiratory muscle strength and mitochondrial function among normal, sarcopenia, obesity, and SO subjects. METHODS Twenty-five patients who underwent lung resections were enrolled between April 2017 and January 2021, and their intercostal muscles were harvested. Based on their L3 muscle index and visceral fat area, the patients were divided into four groups (normal, obesity, sarcopenia, and SO). The clinical data, mRNA expression, and protein expressions associated with mitochondrial biogenesis/fusion/fission in the intercostal muscles were compared among the four groups. RESULTS The respiratory muscle strength was evaluated using peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). The PEFR values of the four groups were not significantly different. The levels of pAkt/Akt and mTOR (a marker of protein synthesis) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially lower than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. The levels of Atrogen-1 and MuRF1 (a marker of protein degradation) were not significantly different among the four groups; however, those in the SO group were substantially higher than those in the sarcopenia or obesity groups. Expression of PGC1-α (a marker of mitochondrial biogenesis) in the SO group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. MFN1 and MFN2 (marker of mitochondrial fusion) levels were significantly lower in the SO group than those in the normal group. DRP1 (a marker of mitochondrial fission) level in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. The expression of TNF-α (a pro-inflammatory cytokine) in the SO group was substantially lower than that in the normal group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the deterioration of protein synthesis and degradation of mitochondrial function in the respiratory muscles was most prominent in the SO before the weakening of the respiratory muscles. The deterioration mechanism may differentially regulate obesity, sarcopenia, and SO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, South Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, South Korea.
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Jeong IS, Kim WH, Baek JH, Choi CH, Choi CW, Chung ES, Jang JS, Jang WS, Jung H, Jung JS, Kang PJ, Kim DJ, Kim DW, Kim HS, Kim JB, Kim WS, Kim YS, Kwak JG, Lee H, Lee SI, Lim JW, Oh SJ, Oh TH, Park CS, Ryu KM, Shim MS, Son J, Son KH, Song S. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Coronavirus Disease 2019: Expert Recommendations from The Korean Society for Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. J Chest Surg 2021; 54:2-8. [PMID: 33767006 PMCID: PMC7946520 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.21.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the first reported case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, the numbers of confirmed cases and deaths have continued to increase exponentially despite multi-factorial efforts. Although various attempts have been made to improve the level of evidence for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) treatment over the past 10 years, most experts still hesitate to take an active position on whether to apply ECMO in COVID-19 patients. Several ECMO management guidelines have been published recently, but they reflect some important differences from the Korean medical system and aspects of real-world medical practice in Korea. We aimed to find evidence on the efficacy of ECMO for COVID-19 patients by reviewing the published literature and to propose expert recommendations by analyzing the Korean COVID-19 ECMO registry data.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Seok Jeong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Woong-Han Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hyun Baek
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang Woo Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Euy Suk Chung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seok Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Daegu Catholic University Medical Center, Daegu Catholic University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Jang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hanna Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Seung Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pil Je Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Jung Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Do Wan Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyoung Soo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jae Bum Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Keimyung University Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Woo-Shik Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, National Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Gun Kwak
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Haeyoung Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae Woong Lim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Korea
| | - Se Jin Oh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tak-Hyuck Oh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chun Soo Park
- Division of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Ryu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Man-Shik Shim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joohyung Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seunghwan Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Son M, Oh S, Jang JT, Son KH, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6 6-Bieckol on Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertension by Modulating Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in the Aorta of Mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:8869085. [PMID: 33574986 PMCID: PMC7857897 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8869085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), which is involved in the development of various cardiovascular diseases, is induced by dyslipidemia or obesity. In dyslipidemia, the increased levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) upregulated the lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (Lox-1), which then upregulated the down signaling pathways of PKC-α/MMPs/TGF-β/SMAD2 or 3 and increased the EndMT. In this study, we investigated the effect of pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), which is a compound of Ecklonia cava (E. cava), on decreased blood pressure (BP) by attenuating the EndMT in a high-fat diet- (HFD-) fed animal model. We also investigated PPB's attenuation effect on EndMT in oxLDL-treated mouse endothelial cells as an in vitro model. The results indicated that, in the aorta or endothelial cells of mice, the HFD or oxLDL treatment significantly increased the expression of Lox-1/PKC-α/MMP9/TGF-β/SMAD2/SMAD3. The PPB treatment significantly decreased its expression. In contrast, the HFD or oxLDL treatment significantly decreased the expression of the EC markers (PECAM-1 and vWF) while the PPB treatment significantly increased them. Moreover, the HFD or oxLDL treatment significantly increased the expression of the mesenchymal cell markers (α-SMA and vimentin) while PPB treatment significantly decreased them. PPB decreased the intima-media thickness and extracellular matrix amount of the aorta and attenuated the BP, which was increased by the HFD. In conclusion, PPB attenuated the upregulation of Lox-1/PKC-α/MMP9/TGF-β/SMAD2 and 3 and restored the EndMT in HFD-fed animals. Moreover, PPB showed a restoring effect on HFD-induced hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Choi J, Lee BJ, Park JH, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Gamma-aminobutyric acid-salt attenuated high cholesterol/high salt diet induced hypertension in mice. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 25:27-38. [PMID: 33361535 PMCID: PMC7756537 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Excessive salt intake induces hypertension, but several gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplements have been shown to reduce blood pressure. GABA-salt, a fermented salt by L. brevis BJ20 containing GABA was prepared through the post-fermentation with refined salt and the fermented GABA extract. We evaluated the effect of GABA-salt on hypertension in a high salt, high cholesterol diet induced mouse model. We analyzed type 1 macrophage (M1) polarization, the expression of M1 related cytokines, GABA receptor expression, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, and medial thicknesses in mice model. GABA-salt attenuated diet-induced blood pressure increases, M1 polarization, and TNF-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS) levels in mouse aortas, and in salt treated macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, GABA-salt induced higher GABAB receptor and endothelial NOS (eNOS) and eNOS phosphorylation levels than those observed in salt treated ECs. In addition, GABA-salt attenuated EC dysfunction by decreasing the levels of adhesion molecules (E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 [ICAM-1], vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1]) and of von Willebrand Factor and reduced EC death. GABA-salt also reduced diet-induced reductions in the levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, VSMC proliferation and medial thickening in mouse aortic tissues, and attenuated Endothelin-1 levels in salt treated VSMCs. In summary, GABA-salt reduced high salt, high cholesterol diet induced hypertension in our mouse model by reducing M1 polarization, EC dysfunction, and VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Busan 46048, Korea
| | | | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea.,Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
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Ji M, Kim HJ, Ahn CB, Son KH, Hong JH. Cellular channelopathy mediated by hypergravity: IL-6-mediated Nkcc1 activation and enhanced Trpm2 expression in rat atrium. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 383:1017-1024. [PMID: 33159577 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac tissue is considered a target of gravitational force (g-force), the mechanism of hypergravity on the ion modulation or identification of ion transporters is still unknown. Thus, we determine the effect of hypergravity on a physical force-sensitive cytokine, IL-6 and its related channel activity to investigate rat cardiac function changes in response to accelerated g-force. Serum IL-6 levels and intracellular calcium levels of the right atrium were moderately increased under hypergravity stimulation (4g). IL-6 was involved in the modulation of sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter (Nkcc) activity. Surprisingly, the right atrium under 4g revealed significantly enhanced Nkcc1 activity. The use of IL-6 on the NKCC1-overexpressed or native NKCC-expressing cells also showed enhanced NKCC1 activity. Hypergravity conditions were also involved in the oxidative stress activated Trpm2 channel and revealed an enhanced expression of the Trpm2 channel under 4g in the rat right atrium. In conclusion, hypergravity revealed that moderate increases in serum IL-6 and enhanced Nkcc1 activity was modulated by IL-6. In addition, enhanced Trpm2 channel expression could be involved in the increased intracellular calcium levels of the right atrium under hypergravitational force. We therefore address that enhanced physical force-sensitive cytokine and oxidative stress by the gravitational force mediate activation of the cotransporter involved in possibilities of edema and calcium loading in cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Inha University College of Medicine, 27 Inhang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, 22332, South Korea
| | - Chi Bum Ahn
- Center for Information Security Technologies, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, South Korea.
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, 155 Getbeolro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21999, South Korea.
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Kim KW, Cho HJ, Khaliq SA, Son KH, Yoon MS. Comparative Analyses of mTOR/Akt and Muscle Atrophy-Related Signaling in Aged Respiratory and Gastrocnemius Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082862. [PMID: 32326050 PMCID: PMC7215274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the degenerative loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with aging and occurs in the absence of any underlying disease or condition. A comparison of the age-related molecular signaling signatures of different muscles has not previously been reported. In this study, we compared the age-related molecular signaling signatures of the intercostal muscles, the diaphragm, and the gastrocnemii using 6-month and 20-month-old rats. The phosphorylation of Akt, ribosomal S6, and Forkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) in diaphragms significantly increased with age, but remained unchanged in the intercostal and gastrocnemius muscles. In addition, ubiquitin-proteasome degradation, characterized by the levels of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1, did not change with age in all rat muscles. Interestingly, an increase in LC3BII and p62 levels marked substantial blockage of autophagy in aged gastrocnemii but not in aged respiratory muscles. These changes in LC3BII and p62 levels were also associated with a decrease in markers of mitochondrial quality control. Therefore, our results suggest that the age-related signaling events in respiratory muscles differ from those in the gastrocnemii, most likely to preserve the vital functions played by the respiratory muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Sana Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (M.-S.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6067 (M.-S.Y.)
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (H.-J.C.); (S.A.K.)
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (M.-S.Y.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6067 (M.-S.Y.)
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Son KH, Ahn CB, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Quantitative proteomic analysis of bile in extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma patients. J Cancer 2020; 11:4073-4080. [PMID: 32368289 PMCID: PMC7196276 DOI: 10.7150/jca.40964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) without liver-fluke is increasing. Multifactorial carcinogenesis makes it hard to find biomarkers related to CCA. Although there are a few studies of bile proteomics, these showed different protein profiles because of having heterogeneous groups of patients and different sampling methods. Our aim was to identify the specific bile proteins of extrahepatic CCA patients. Methods: We collected bile from 23 patients undergoing endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in Korea University Guro Hospital from May 2018 to January 2019. The CCA group included 18 patients diagnosed with extrahepatic CCA, and the control group included 5 patients with benign biliary conditions. We analyzed bile proteome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We compared the relative abundance of various proteins in the CCA and control groups. Results: In all, we identified a total of 245 proteins in the bile of CCA and control patients. Increased top 14 proteins in CCA patients were immunoglobulin kappa light chain, apolipoprotein B, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, apolipoprotein E, Mucin 5B, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H1, apolipoprotein A-IV, intercellular adhesion molecule 1, complement C7, complement C5, apolipoprotein C-III, albumin, antithrombin-III, and apolipoprotein A-II. However, the significantly increased proteins in bile of CCA patients comparing with control patients were immunoglobulin kappa light chain, apolipoprotein E, albumin, apolipoprotein A-I, antithrombin-III, α1-antitrypsin, serotransferrin, immunoglobulin heavy constant mu, immunoglobulin J chain, complement C4-A, and complement C3 (p<0.05). Conclusions: In this study, we identified several proteins that were significantly increased in the bile of extrahepatic CCA. Further study is needed to validate them as potential tumor-associated proteins that may be potential biomarkers for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Bum Ahn
- Center for information security technologies, Korea University
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital
| | - Jae Seon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital
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Son M, Oh S, Choi J, Jang JT, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. The Phlorotannin-Rich Fraction of Ecklonia cava Extract Attenuated the Expressions of the Markers Related with Inflammation and Leptin Resistance in Adipose Tissue. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:9142134. [PMID: 32215011 PMCID: PMC7081028 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9142134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, and it induces central leptin resistance which blocks the appetite-suppressing effect of leptin and leptin resistance in adipocytes. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of Ecklonia cava extract (ECE), which contained rich phlorotannins, on inflammation and leptin resistance in the adipose tissue of a diet-induced obese model. Effects of ECE on fat deposition, inflammation, M1/M2 macrophage, and T-cell infiltrations were investigated, and leptin resistance and SOCS3 were also measured in adipose tissue. Furthermore, ECE attenuated the expression of inflammation-related receptors such as TLR4 and RAGE and leptin resistance by reducing SOCS3 expression, increasing expression of leptin receptor in adipose tissue, and increasing lipolysis. ECE showed antiadiposity and anti-inflammatory effects, attenuated leptin resistance, and increased lipolysis in the diet-induced obese model. This study shows that ECE is a suitable dietary supplement candidate for the prevention or treatment of obesity or obesity-associated diseases, especially inflammation-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Jeju 63309, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Son M, Oh S, Lee HS, Chung DM, Jang JT, Jeon YJ, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Ecklonia Cava Extract Attenuates Endothelial Cell Dysfunction by Modulation of Inflammation and Brown Adipocyte Function in Perivascular Fat Tissue. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2795. [PMID: 31731817 PMCID: PMC6893767 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that perivascular fat tissue (PVAT) dysfunction can induce endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, an event which is related with various cardiovascular diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) and pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), one component of ECE, could attenuate EC dysfunction by modulating diet-induced PVAT dysfunction mediated by inflammation and ER stress. A high fat diet (HFD) led to an increase in the number and size of white adipocytes in PVAT; PPB and ECE attenuated those increases. Additionally, ECE and PPB attenuated: (i) an increase in the number of M1 macrophages and the expression level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), both of which are related to increases in macrophage infiltration and induction of inflammation in PVAT, and (ii) the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, chemerin) in PVAT which led to vasoconstriction. Furthermore, ECE and PPB: (i) enhanced the expression of adiponectin and IL-10 which had anti-inflammatory and vasodilator effects, (ii) decreased HFD-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and (iii) attenuated the ER stress mediated reduction in sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expression. Protective effects against decreased Sirt1 and PPARγ expression led to the restoration of uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1) expression and the browning process in PVAT. PPB or ECE attenuated endothelial dysfunction by enhancing the pAMPK-PI3K-peNOS pathway and reducing the expression of endothelin-1 (ET-1). In conclusion, PPB and ECE attenuated PVAT dysfunction and subsequent endothelial dysfunction by: (i) decreasing inflammation and ER stress, and (ii) modulating brown adipocyte function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
| | - Dong-Min Chung
- Shinwoo cooperation. Ltd. 991, Worasan-ro, Munsan-eup, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do 52839, Korea;
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea;
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (H.S.L.)
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Son M, Oh S, Choi J, Jang JT, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuation of Inflammation and Leptin Resistance by Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol on in the Brain of Obese Animal Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2773. [PMID: 31739649 PMCID: PMC6893810 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity induces inflammation both in the adipose tissue and the brain. Activated macrophage infiltration, polarization of macrophages to a more inflammatory type (M1), and increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are related to brain inflammation, which induces leptin resistance in the brain. Pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), a compound from Ecklonia cava, has anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PPB effect M1 polarization and inflammation and its ability to restore the effects of leptin, such as a decrease in appetite and body weight. We administered PPB to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice, evaluated macrophage activation, polarization, and changes of inflammatory cytokine level in adipose tissue and brain, and determined the effect of PPB on leptin resistance or leptin sensitivity in the brain. The levels of activated macrophage marker, M1/M2, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the adipose tissue and brain of DIO and ob/ob mice than control. TLR4 expression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and NF-κB expression in the brain of DIO and ob/ob mice were also increased; this increase was related to the upregulation of SOCS3 and decreased phosphorylated STAT3, which decreased leptin sensitivity in the brain. PPB decreased inflammation in the brain, restored leptin sensitivity, and decreased food intake and weight gain in both DIO and ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (M.S.); (J.C.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Junwon Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (M.S.); (J.C.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea; (C.H.C.); (K.Y.P.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea; (M.S.); (J.C.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
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Son M, Oh S, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckol from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Tubular Epithelial Cell (TCMK-1) Death in Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E602. [PMID: 31652920 PMCID: PMC6891818 DOI: 10.3390/md17110602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury causes serious complications after the blood supply to the kidney is stopped during surgery. The main mechanism of I/R injury is the release of high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) from injured tubular epithelial cells (TEC, TCMK-1 cell), which triggers TLR4 or RAGE signaling, leading to cell death. We evaluated whether the extracts of Ecklonia cava (E. cava) would attenuate TEC death induced by H/R injury. We also evaluated which phlorotannin-dieckol (DK), phlorofucofuroeckol A (PFFA), pyrogallol phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB)-would have the most potent effect in the context of H/R injury. We used for pre-hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins from E. cava extracts were added before the onset of hypoxia, and a post- hypoxia treatment, in which the phlorotannins were added before the start of reperfusion. PPB most effectively reduced HMGB1 release and the expression of TLR4 and RAGE induced by H/R injury in both pre- and post-hypoxia treatment. PPB also most effectively inhibited the expression of NF-kB and release of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in both models. PPB most effectively inhibited cell death and expression of cell death signaling molecules such as Erk/pErk, JNK/pJNK, and p38/pp38. These results suggest that PPB blocks the HGMB1-TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway and decreases TEC death induced by H/R and that PPB can be a novel target for renal H/R injury therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
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Baek MO, Ahn CB, Cho HJ, Choi JY, Son KH, Yoon MS. Simulated microgravity inhibits C2C12 myogenesis via phospholipase D2-induced Akt/FOXO1 regulation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14910. [PMID: 31624287 PMCID: PMC6797799 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscle system has evolved to maintain body posture against a constant gravitational load. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) regulates the mechanically induced increase in the skeletal muscle mass. In the present study, we investigated mTOR pathway in C2C12 myoblasts in a model of mechanical unloading by creating a simulated microgravity (SM) using 3 D clinorotation. SM decreased the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser 473, which was mediated by mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), in C2C12 myoblasts, leading to a decrease in the cell growth rate. Subsequently, SM inhibited C2C12 myogenesis in an Akt-dependent manner. In addition, SM increased the phospholipase D (PLD) activity by enhancing PLD2 expression, resulting in the dissociation of mSIN1 from the mTORC2, followed by decrease in the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser 473, and FOXO1 at Ser 256 in C2C12 myoblasts. Exposure to SM decreased the autophagic flux of C2C12 myoblasts by regulation of mRNA level of autophagic genes in a PLD2 and FOXO1-dependent manner, subsequently, resulting in a decrease in the C2C12 myogenesis. In conclusion, by analyzing the molecular signature of C2C12 myogenesis using SM, we suggest that the regulatory axis of the PLD2 induced Akt/FOXO1, is critical for C2C12 myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Bum Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jeong Cho
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Choi
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. .,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn CB, Lee JH, Han DG, Kang HW, Lee SH, Lee JI, Son KH, Lee JW. Simulated microgravity with floating environment promotes migration of non-small cell lung cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14553. [PMID: 31601869 PMCID: PMC6787256 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A migration of cancer is one of the most important factors affecting cancer therapy. Particularly, a cancer migration study in a microgravity environment has gained attention as a tool for developing cancer therapy. In this study, we evaluated the proliferation and migration of two types (adenocarcinoma A549, squamous cell carcinoma H1703) of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) in a floating environment with microgravity. When we measured proliferation of two NSCLCs in the microgravity (MG) and ground-gravity (CONT), although initial cell adhesion in MG was low, a normalized proliferation rate of A549 in MG was higher than that in CONT. Wound healing results of A549 and H1703 showed rapid recovery in MG; particularly, the migration rate of A549 was faster than that of H1703 both the normal and low proliferating conditions. Gene expression results showed that the microgravity accelerated the migration of NSCLC. Both A549 and H1703 in MG highly expressed the migration-related genes MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 compared to CONT at 24 h. Furthermore, analysis of MMP-2 protein synthesis revealed weaker metastatic performance of H1703 than that of A549. Therefore, the simulated microgravity based cancer culture environment will be a potential for migration and metastasis studies of lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Bum Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Geun Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University Medical College, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Oh S, Son M, Choi J, Choi CH, Park KY, Son KH, Byun K. Phlorotannins from Ecklonia cava Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Leptin Resistance in Hypothalamic Neurons. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E570. [PMID: 31600939 PMCID: PMC6835517 DOI: 10.3390/md17100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin resistance in the hypothalamus has an essential role in obesity. Saturated fatty acids such as palmitate bind to Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and lead to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and leptin resistance. In this study, we evaluated whether extracts of Ecklonia cava would attenuate the ER stress induced by palmitate and reduce leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and microglia. We added palmitate to these cells to mimic the environment induced by high-fat diet in the hypothalamus and evaluated which of the E. cava phlorotannins-dieckol (DK), 2,7-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PHB), pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB), or phlorofucofuroeckol-A (PFFA)-had the most potent effect on attenuating leptin resistance. TLR4 and NF-κB expression induced by palmitate was attenuated most effectively by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. ER stress markers were increased by palmitate and were attenuated by PPB in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia. Leptin resistance, which was evaluated as an increase in SOCS3 and a decrease in STAT3 with leptin receptor expression, was increased by palmitate and was decreased by PPB in hypothalamic neurons. The culture medium from palmitate-treated microglia increased leptin resistance in hypothalamic neurons and this resistance was attenuated by PPB. In conclusion, PPB attenuated leptin resistance by decreasing ER stress in both hypothalamic neurons and microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Junwon Choi
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea.
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Son KH, Lee SI, Choi CH, Park KY, Park CH. A Rare Combination of CYP2C9*3/*3 and VKORC1 1639AA in a Patient Who Had Myxoma and Thromboembolism. Ann Thorac Surg 2019; 109:e283-e284. [PMID: 31520636 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2019.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of intolerance to warfarin. A 20-year-old woman with toe pain was diagnosed with myxoma with multiple systemic embolisms. She was prescribed warfarin for remaining embolic pain after myxoma excision and mitral annuloplasty. Even on 1 mg of warfarin, the international normalized ratio was much increased. The patient was found to have cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9)*3/*3 and vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) 1639AA genotype, which is extremely rare in Koreans. Based on this result, we assessed the potential risks and benefits of warfarin and decided to switch to aspirin because the risk of bleeding was considered to be too high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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Cho HJ, Baek MO, Khaliq SA, Chon SJ, Son KH, Lee SH, Yoon MS. Microgravity inhibits decidualization via decreasing Akt activity and FOXO3a expression in human endometrial stromal cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12094. [PMID: 31431660 PMCID: PMC6702225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48580-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization is characterized by the differentiation of endometrial stromal cells (eSCs), which is critical for embryo implantation and maintenance of pregnancy. In the present study, we investigated the possible effect of simulated microgravity (SM) on the process of proliferation and in vitro decidualization using primary human eSCs. Exposure to SM for 36 h decreased the proliferation and migration of eSCs significantly, without inducing cell death and changes in cell cycle progression. The phosphorylation of Akt decreased under SM conditions in human eSCs, accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the level of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and FOXO3a. Treatment with Akti, an Akt inhibitor, decreased MMP-2 expression, but not FOXO3a expression. The decreased level of FOXO3a under SM conditions impeded autophagic flux by reducing the levels of autophagy-related genes. In addition, pre-exposure of eSCs to SM significantly inhibited 8-Br-cAMP induced decidualization, whereas restoration of the growth status under SM conditions by removing 8-Br-cAMP remained unchanged. Treatment of human eSCs with SC-79, an Akt activator, restored the reduced migration of eSCs and decidualization under SM conditions. In conclusion, exposure to SM inhibited decidualization in eSCs by decreasing proliferation and migration through Akt/MMP and FOXO3a/autophagic flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Jeong Cho
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Ock Baek
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sana Abdul Khaliq
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Chon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Sup Yoon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. .,Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn CB, Son KH, Yu YS, Kim TH, Lee JI, Lee JW. Development of a flexible 3D printed scaffold with a cell-adhesive surface for artificial trachea. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:055001. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab2a6c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Kim TH, Lee JH, Ahn CB, Hong JH, Son KH, Lee JW. Development of a 3D-Printed Drug-Eluting Stent for Treating Obstructive Salivary Gland Disease. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:3572-3581. [PMID: 33405739 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Most studies of obstructive salivary gland disease have reported only statistical aspects, surgical operations, and prescriptions and have simulated the phenomena occurring in the salivary glands and ductal tissues. However, no direct lesion treatments involving drug-eluting stents have been used to reduce salivary pooling induced by inflammation. In this study, a biodegradable polymer polycaprolactone (PCL)-based antibiotic-eluting stent was developed to treat recurrent obstructive salivary gland disease. The structure's diameter was designed after consideration of the human anatomical structure, and the data were processed in a form suitable for three-dimensional (3D) printing via computer-aided design and manufacturing. After the proper mixing conditions of the antibiotics and PCL were ensured, the optimized printing conditions were secured and the stent was successfully printed with the original lumen size diameter maintained. Amoxicillin and cefotaxime, the antibiotics loaded in this study, did not lose their original antimicrobial activity under the 3D printing process and were effectively released from the constructs for verification of the antimicrobial activity against the causative bacteria according to their concentrations. In addition, antibiotic-eluting stents fabricated in a mesh-like network form were proven stable and capable of sustained release, thereby demonstrating the possibility of treating recurrent obstruction salivary gland disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 21, Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
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Ahn CB, Kim JH, Park GK, Park KY, Bao K, Lee JW, Choi HS, Son KH. Prognostic imaging of iatrogenic and traumatic ureteral injury by near-infrared fluorescence. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2019; 9:1056-1065. [PMID: 31367559 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.06.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Iatrogenic or traumatic ureteral injuries are life-threatening but difficult to diagnose early. Ureteral visualization is essential for both the prevention and diagnosis of iatrogenic or traumatic ureter injuries. In the present study, we evaluated the feasibility of near-infrared (NIR) with ZW800-1C as a diagnostic tool of iatrogenic or traumatic ureteral injury in addition to ureter visualization, compared to methylene blue. Methods With mice model, we compared the image quality of ZW800-1C with methylene blue for ureter visualization. We also made ureter perforation, obstruction, crushing injury, and transection model with mice and evaluated the feasibility of ZW800-1C for diagnostic tool for ureteral injuries. Results We could confirm the ureter in the ZW800-1C images in maximally 30 minutes after injection, and the ureter was visible until NIR imaging concluded at 180 minutes after injection. However, methylene blue failed to provide clear ureter imaging during the same period. ZW800-1C imaging successfully visualized ureters subjected to obstruction, transection, perforation, and crush injuries, although urinary leakage was not visible by eye. Conclusions Our results indicate ZW800-1C is better suited for ureter visualization than methylene blue and that ZW800-1C has considerable potential for the early diagnosis of various ureteral injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Bum Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - G Kate Park
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Kai Bao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Gachon University Graduate School of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hak Soo Choi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21565, Korea
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Han DG, Ahn CB, Lee JH, Hwang Y, Kim JH, Park KY, Lee JW, Son KH. Optimization of Electrospun Poly(caprolactone) Fiber Diameter for Vascular Scaffolds to Maximize Smooth Muscle Cell Infiltration and Phenotype Modulation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E643. [PMID: 30970611 PMCID: PMC6523610 DOI: 10.3390/polym11040643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the morphological resemblance between the electrospun nanofibers and extracellular matrix (ECM), electrospun fibers have been widely used to fabricate scaffolds for tissue regeneration. Relationships between scaffold morphologies and cells are cell type dependent. In this study, we sought to determine an optimum electrospun fiber diameter for human vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) regeneration in vascular scaffolds. Scaffolds were produced using poly(caprolactone) (PCL) electrospun fiber diameters of 0.5, 0.7, 1, 2, 2.5, 5, 7 or 10 μm, and VSMC survivals, proliferations, infiltrations, and phenotypes were recorded after culturing cells on these scaffolds for one, four, seven, or 10 days. VSMC phenotypes and macrophage infiltrations into scaffolds were evaluated by implanting scaffolds subcutaneously in a mouse for seven, 14, or 28 days. We found that human VSMC survival was not dependent on the electrospun fiber diameter. In summary, increasing fiber diameter reduced VSMC proliferation, increased VSMC infiltration and increased macrophage infiltration and activation. Our results indicate that electrospun PCL fiber diameters of 7 or 10 µm are optimum in terms of VSMC infiltration and macrophage infiltration and activation, albeit at the expense of VSMC proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Geun Han
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Chi Bum Ahn
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Yongsung Hwang
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bio Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan-si 31151, Korea.
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea.
| | - Jin Woo Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, 155 Gaetbeol-ro, Yeonsu-ku, Incheon 21999, Korea.
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University College of Medicine, 21, Namdong-daero 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea.
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Lee SI, Lee SY, Choi CH, Park CH, Park KY, Son KH. Relation between changes in red blood cell distribution width after coronary artery bypass grafting and early postoperative morbidity. J Thorac Dis 2018; 10:4244-4254. [PMID: 30174870 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2018.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is highly associated with various clinical states. In the present study, we aimed to determine the natures of associations between RDW changes and early adverse events after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods We retrospectively analyzed medical records of enrolled 117 patients. Patients were classified into two groups depending on early adverse events (No-event vs. Event). Delta RDW values were calculated (ΔRDW: Post-Peak RDW minus Pre-RDW). Patients were divided into tertiles based on ΔRDW. The ΔRDW cut-off point for an adverse event was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. In addition, logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent factors of early adverse events. Results Thirty eight patients experienced 53 early adverse events. ΔRDW and ΔC-reactive protein were significantly higher in the Events group than in the No-event group. Incidences of early adverse events increased significantly between ΔRDW tertiles (P<0.001). The ROC curve of ΔRDW showed that a ΔRDW of ≥1.45 had a sensitivity of 71.1% and a specificity of 78.2% for predicting an early adverse event after CABG (P<0.001). Multivariable analysis showed ΔRDW (P=0.042) and length of ICU stay (P<0.001) independently predicted an adverse event. Conclusions ΔRDW was identified to be an independent predictor of early adverse events, and a ΔRDW cut-off of 1.45 was found to predict early adverse events after CABG. Careful monitoring of RDW trends after isolated CABG provides a simple, inexpensive and objective means of predicting early adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chang Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
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Kim KW, Lee JI, Son KH. Does Smoking Confound Risk Factor of Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Lobectomy 90-Day Mortality? Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105:1859. [PMID: 29784286 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Woo Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198, Kuwol-Dong, Namdong-Ku, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ik Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198, Kuwol-Dong, Namdong-Ku, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 1198, Kuwol-Dong, Namdong-Ku, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea
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Son KH, Choi CH, Park KY. Variables Affecting the Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein Level. Ann Thorac Surg 2018; 105:1282. [PMID: 29571338 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2017.03.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gi l, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gi l, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, 21 Namdong-daero 774beon-gi l, Namdong-gu, Incheon 405-760, Korea.
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Son KH, Park KY, Choi CH. Obesity as a confounding factor in a study evaluating the role of M1 polarization in aortic valve calcification. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2017; 155:76. [PMID: 29245210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2017.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kook Yang Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Seok In Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Hyu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea.
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