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Acharya S, Adamová D, Adler A, Aglieri Rinella G, Agnello M, Agrawal N, Ahammed Z, Ahmad S, Ahn SU, Ahuja I, Akindinov A, Al-Turany M, Aleksandrov D, Alessandro B, Alfanda HM, Alfaro Molina R, Ali B, Alici A, Alizadehvandchali N, Alkin A, Alme J, Alocco G, Alt T, Altamura AR, Altsybeev I, Alvarado JR, Anaam MN, Andrei C, Andronic A, Anguelov V, Antinori F, Antonioli P, Apadula N, Aphecetche L, Appelshäuser H, Arata C, Arcelli S, Aresti M, Arnaldi R, Arneiro JGMCA, Arsene IC, Arslandok M, Augustinus A, Averbeck R, Azmi MD, Baba H, Badalà A, Bae J, Baek YW, Bai X, Bailhache R, Bailung Y, Balbino A, Baldisseri A, Balis B, Banerjee D, Banoo Z, Barbera R, Barile F, Barioglio L, Barlou M, Barnaföldi GG, Barnby LS, Barret V, Barreto L, Bartels C, Barth K, Bartsch E, Bastid N, Basu S, Batigne G, Battistini D, Batyunya B, Bauri D, Bazo Alba JL, Bearden IG, Beattie C, Becht P, Behera D, Belikov I, Bell Hechavarria ADC, Bellini F, Bellwied R, Belokurova S, Bencedi G, Beole S, Bercuci A, Berdnikov Y, Berdnikova A, Bergmann L, Besoiu MG, Betev L, Bhaduri PP, Bhasin A, Bhat MA, Bhattacharjee B, Bianchi L, Bianchi N, Bielčík J, Bielčíková J, Biernat J, Bigot AP, Bilandzic A, Biro G, Biswas S, Bize N, Blair JT, Blau D, Blidaru MB, Bluhme N, Blume C, Boca G, Bock F, Bodova T, Bogdanov A, Boi S, Bok J, Boldizsár L, Bombara M, Bond PM, Bonomi G, Borel H, Borissov A, Borquez Carcamo AG, Bossi H, Botta E, Bouziani YEM, Bratrud L, Braun-Munzinger P, Bregant M, Broz M, Bruno GE, Buckland MD, Budnikov D, Buesching H, Bufalino S, Buhler P, Burmasov N, Buthelezi Z, Bylinkin A, Bysiak SA, Cai M, Caines H, Caliva A, Calvo Villar E, Camacho JMM, Camerini P, Canedo FDM, Cantway SL, Carabas M, Carballo AA, Carnesecchi F, Caron R, Carvalho LAD, Castillo Castellanos J, Catalano F, Ceballos Sanchez C, Chakaberia I, Chakraborty P, Chandra S, Chapeland S, Chartier M, Chattopadhyay S, Chattopadhyay S, Cheng T, Cheshkov C, Cheynis B, Chibante Barroso V, Chinellato DD, Chizzali ES, Cho J, Cho S, Chochula P, Christakoglou P, Christensen CH, Christiansen P, Chujo T, Ciacco M, Cicalo C, Cindolo F, Ciupek MR, Clai G, Colamaria F, Colburn JS, Colella D, Colocci M, Concas M, Conesa Balbastre G, Conesa Del Valle Z, Contin G, Contreras JG, Coquet ML, Cortese P, Cosentino MR, Costa F, Costanza S, Cot C, Crkovská J, Crochet P, Cruz-Torres R, Cui P, Dainese A, Danisch MC, Danu A, Das P, Das P, Das S, Dash AR, Dash S, De Caro A, de Cataldo G, de Cuveland J, De Falco A, De Gruttola D, De Marco N, De Martin C, De Pasquale S, Deb R, Deb S, Del Grande R, Dello Stritto L, Deng W, Dhankher P, Di Bari D, Di Mauro A, Diab B, Diaz RA, Dietel T, Ding Y, Divià R, Dixit DU, Djuvsland Ø, Dmitrieva U, Dobrin A, Dönigus B, Dubinski JM, Dubla A, Dudi S, Dupieux P, Durkac M, Dzalaiova N, Eder TM, Ehlers RJ, Eisenhut F, Ejima R, Elia D, Erazmus B, Ercolessi F, Erhardt F, Ersdal MR, Espagnon B, Eulisse G, Evans D, Evdokimov S, Fabbietti L, Faggin M, Faivre J, Fan F, Fan W, Fantoni A, Fasel M, Fecchio P, Feliciello A, Feofilov G, Fernández Téllez A, Ferrandi L, Ferrer MB, Ferrero A, Ferrero C, Ferretti A, Feuillard VJG, Filova V, Finogeev D, Fionda FM, Flor F, Flores AN, Foertsch S, Fokin I, Fokin S, Fragiacomo E, Frajna E, Fuchs U, Funicello N, Furget C, Furs A, Fusayasu T, Gaardhøje JJ, Gagliardi M, Gago AM, Gahlaut T, Galvan CD, Gangadharan DR, Ganoti P, Garabatos C, Garcia AT, García Chávez T, Garcia-Solis E, Gargiulo C, Garner K, Gasik P, Gautam A, Gay Ducati MB, Germain M, Ghimouz A, Ghosh C, Giacalone M, Giubellino P, Giubilato P, Glaenzer AMC, Glässel P, Glimos E, Goh DJQ, Gonzalez V, Gorgon M, Goswami K, Gotovac S, Grabski V, Graczykowski LK, Grecka E, Grelli A, Grigoras C, Grigoriev V, Grigoryan S, Grosa F, Grosse-Oetringhaus JF, Grosso R, Grund D, Guardiano GG, Guernane R, Guilbaud M, Gulbrandsen K, Gündem T, Gunji T, Guo W, Gupta A, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gwizdziel K, Gyulai L, Habib MK, Hadjidakis C, Haider FU, Hamagaki H, Hamdi A, Hamid M, Han Y, Hanley BG, Hannigan R, Hansen J, Haque MR, Harris JW, Harton A, Hassan H, Hatzifotiadou D, Hauer P, Havener LB, Heckel ST, Hellbär E, Helstrup H, Hemmer M, Herman T, Herrera Corral G, Herrmann F, Herrmann S, Hetland KF, Heybeck B, Hillemanns H, Hippolyte B, Hoffmann FW, Hofman B, Hohlweger B, Hong GH, Horst M, Horzyk A, Hou Y, Hristov P, Hughes C, Huhn P, Huhta LM, Humanic TJ, Hutson A, Hutter D, Ilkaev R, Ilyas H, Inaba M, Innocenti GM, Ippolitov M, Isakov A, Isidori T, Islam MS, Ivanov M, Ivanov M, Ivanov V, Iversen KE, Jablonski M, Jacak B, Jacazio N, Jacobs PM, Jadlovska S, Jadlovsky J, Jaelani S, Jahnke C, Jakubowska MJ, Janik MA, Janson T, Jercic M, Ji S, Jia S, Jimenez AAP, Jonas F, Jones DM, Jowett JM, Jung J, Jung M, Junique A, Jusko A, Kabus MJ, Kaewjai J, Kalinak P, Kalteyer AS, Kalweit A, Kaplin V, Karasu Uysal A, Karatovic D, Karavichev O, Karavicheva T, Karczmarczyk P, Karpechev E, Kebschull U, Keidel R, Keijdener DLD, Keil M, Ketzer B, Khade SS, Khan AM, Khan S, Khanzadeev A, Kharlov Y, Khatun A, Khuntia A, Kidson MB, Kileng B, Kim B, Kim C, Kim DJ, Kim EJ, Kim J, Kim JS, Kim J, Kim J, Kim M, Kim S, Kim T, Kimura K, Kirsch S, Kisel I, Kiselev S, Kisiel A, Kitowski JP, Klay JL, Klein J, Klein S, Klein-Bösing C, Kleiner M, Klemenz T, Kluge A, Knospe AG, Kobdaj C, Kollegger T, Kondratyev A, Kondratyeva N, Kondratyuk E, Konig J, Konigstorfer SA, Konopka PJ, Kornakov G, Korwieser M, Koryciak SD, Kotliarov A, Kovalenko V, Kowalski M, Kozhuharov V, Králik I, Kravčáková A, Krcal L, Krivda M, Krizek F, Krizkova Gajdosova K, Kroesen M, Krüger M, Krupova DM, Kryshen E, Kučera V, Kuhn C, Kuijer PG, Kumaoka T, Kumar D, Kumar L, Kumar N, Kumar S, Kundu S, Kurashvili P, Kurepin A, Kurepin AB, Kuryakin A, Kushpil S, Kweon MJ, Kwon Y, La Pointe SL, La Rocca P, Lakrathok A, Lamanna M, Landou AR, Langoy R, Larionov P, Laudi E, Lautner L, Lavicka R, Lea R, Lee H, Legrand I, Legras G, Lehrbach J, Lelek TM, Lemmon RC, León Monzón I, Lesch MM, Lesser ED, Lévai P, Li X, Li XL, Lien J, Lietava R, Likmeta I, Lim B, Lim SH, Lindenstruth V, Lindner A, Lippmann C, Liu A, Liu DH, Liu J, Liveraro GSS, Lofnes IM, Loizides C, Lokos S, Lomker J, Loncar P, Lopez JA, Lopez X, López Torres E, Lu P, Luhder JR, Lunardon M, Luparello G, Ma YG, Mager M, Maire A, Majerz EM, Makariev MV, Malaev M, Malfattore G, Malik NM, Malik QW, Malik SK, Malinina L, Mallick D, Mallick N, Mandaglio G, Mandal SK, Manko V, Manso F, Manzari V, Mao Y, Marcjan RW, Margagliotti GV, Margotti A, Marín A, Markert C, Martinengo P, Martínez MI, Martínez García G, Martins MPP, Masciocchi S, Masera M, Masoni A, Massacrier L, Mastroserio A, Matonoha O, Mattiazzo S, Matuoka PFT, Matyja A, Mayer C, Mazuecos AL, Mazzaschi F, Mazzilli M, Mdhluli JE, Mechler AF, Melikyan Y, Menchaca-Rocha A, Meninno E, Menon AS, Meres M, Mhlanga S, Miake Y, Micheletti L, Migliorin LC, Mihaylov DL, Mikhaylov K, Mishra AN, Miśkowiec D, Modak A, Mohanty AP, Mohanty B, Mohisin Khan M, Molander MA, Monira S, Moravcova Z, Mordasini C, Moreira De Godoy DA, Morozov I, Morsch A, Mrnjavac T, Muccifora V, Muhuri S, Mulligan JD, Mulliri A, Munhoz MG, Munzer RH, Murakami H, Murray S, Musa L, Musinsky J, Myrcha JW, Naik B, Nambrath AI, Nandi BK, Nania R, Nappi E, Nassirpour AF, Nath A, Nattrass C, Naydenov MN, Neagu A, Negru A, Nellen L, Nepeivoda R, Nese S, Neskovic G, Nielsen BS, Nielsen EG, Nikolaev S, Nikulin S, Nikulin V, Noferini F, Noh S, Nomokonov P, Norman J, Novitzky N, Nowakowski P, Nyanin A, Nystrand J, Ogino M, Oh S, Ohlson A, Okorokov VA, Oleniacz J, Oliveira Da Silva AC, Oliver MH, Onnerstad A, Oppedisano C, Ortiz Velasquez A, Otwinowski J, Oya M, Oyama K, Pachmayer Y, Padhan S, Pagano D, Paić G, Paisano-Guzmán S, Palasciano A, Panebianco S, Park H, Park H, Park J, Parkkila JE, Patley Y, Patra RN, Paul B, Pei H, Peitzmann T, Peng X, Pennisi M, Peresunko D, Perez GM, Pestov Y, Petrov V, Petrovici M, Pezzi RP, Piano S, Pikna M, Pillot P, Pinazza O, Pinsky L, Pinto C, Pisano S, Płoskoń M, Planinic M, Pliquett F, Poghosyan MG, Polichtchouk B, Politano S, Poljak N, Pop A, Porteboeuf-Houssais S, Pozdniakov V, Pozos IY, Pradhan KK, Prasad SK, Prasad S, Preghenella R, Prino F, Pruneau CA, Pshenichnov I, Puccio M, Pucillo S, Pugelova Z, Qiu S, Quaglia L, Quishpe RE, Ragoni S, Rakotozafindrabe A, Ramello L, Rami F, Rancien TA, Rasa M, Räsänen SS, Rath R, Rauch MP, Ravasenga I, Read KF, Reckziegel C, Redelbach AR, Redlich K, Reetz CA, Regules-Medel HD, Rehman A, Reidt F, Reme-Ness HA, Rescakova Z, Reygers K, Riabov A, Riabov V, Ricci R, Richter M, Riedel AA, Riegler W, Ristea C, Rodriguez MV, Rodríguez Cahuantzi M, Rodríguez Ramírez SA, Røed K, Rogalev R, Rogochaya E, Rogoschinski TS, Rohr D, Röhrich D, Rojas PF, Rojas Torres S, Rokita PS, Romanenko G, Ronchetti F, Rosano A, Rosas ED, Roslon K, Rossi A, Roy A, Roy S, Rubini N, Ruggiano D, Rui R, Russek PG, Russo R, Rustamov A, Ryabinkin E, Ryabov Y, Rybicki A, Rytkonen H, Ryu J, Rzesa W, Saarimaki OAM, Sadek R, Sadhu S, Sadovsky S, Saetre J, Šafařík K, Saha P, Saha SK, Saha S, Sahoo B, Sahoo B, Sahoo R, Sahoo S, Sahu D, Sahu PK, Saini J, Sajdakova K, Sakai S, Salvan MP, Sambyal S, Sanna I, Saramela TB, Sarkar D, Sarkar N, Sarma P, Sarritzu V, Sarti VM, Sas MHP, Schambach J, Scheid HS, Schiaua C, Schicker R, Schmah A, Schmidt C, Schmidt HR, Schmidt MO, Schmidt M, Schmidt NV, Schmier AR, Schotter R, Schröter A, Schukraft J, Schweda K, Scioli G, Scomparin E, Seger JE, Sekiguchi Y, Sekihata D, Selina M, Selyuzhenkov I, Senyukov S, Seo JJ, Serebryakov D, Šerkšnytė L, Sevcenco A, Shaba TJ, Shabetai A, Shahoyan R, Shangaraev A, Sharma A, Sharma B, Sharma D, Sharma H, Sharma M, Sharma S, Sharma S, Sharma U, Shatat A, Sheibani O, Shigaki K, Shimomura M, Shin J, Shirinkin S, Shou Q, Sibiriak Y, Siddhanta S, Siemiarczuk T, Silva TF, Silvermyr D, Simantathammakul T, Simeonov R, Singh B, Singh B, Singh K, Singh R, Singh R, Singh R, Singh S, Singh VK, Singhal V, Sinha T, Sitar B, Sitta M, Skaali TB, Skorodumovs G, Slupecki M, Smirnov N, Snellings RJM, Solheim EH, Song J, Songmoolnak A, Sonnabend C, Soramel F, Soto-Hernandez AB, Spijkers R, Sputowska I, Staa J, Stachel J, Stan I, Steffanic PJ, Stiefelmaier SF, Stocco D, Storehaug I, Stratmann P, Strazzi S, Stylianidis CP, Suaide AAP, Suire C, Sukhanov M, Suljic M, Sultanov R, Sumberia V, Sumowidagdo S, Swain S, Szarka I, Szymkowski M, Taghavi SF, Taillepied G, Takahashi J, Tambave GJ, Tang S, Tang Z, Tapia Takaki JD, Tapus N, Tarasovicova LA, Tarzila MG, Tassielli GF, Tauro A, Tejeda Muñoz G, Telesca A, Terlizzi L, Terrevoli C, Thakur S, Thomas D, Tikhonov A, Timmins AR, Tkacik M, Tkacik T, Toia A, Tokumoto R, Tomohiro K, Topilskaya N, Toppi M, Tork T, Torres VV, Torres Ramos AG, Trifiró A, Triolo AS, Tripathy S, Tripathy T, Trogolo S, Trubnikov V, Trzaska WH, Trzcinski TP, Tumkin A, Turrisi R, Tveter TS, Ullaland K, Ulukutlu B, Uras A, Urioni M, Usai GL, Vala M, Valle N, van Doremalen LVR, van Leeuwen M, van Veen CA, van Weelden RJG, Vande Vyvre P, Varga D, Varga Z, Vasileiou M, Vasiliev A, Vázquez Doce O, Vazquez Rueda O, Vechernin V, Vercellin E, Vergara Limón S, Verma R, Vermunt L, Vértesi R, Verweij M, Vickovic L, Vilakazi Z, Villalobos Baillie O, Villani A, Vino G, Vinogradov A, Virgili T, Virta MMO, Vislavicius V, Vodopyanov A, Volkel B, Völkl MA, Voloshin K, Voloshin SA, Volpe G, von Haller B, Vorobyev I, Vozniuk N, Vrláková J, Wan J, Wang C, Wang D, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wegrzynek A, Weiglhofer FT, Wenzel SC, Wessels JP, Wiechula J, Wikne J, Wilk G, Wilkinson J, Willems GA, Windelband B, Winn M, Wright JR, Wu W, Wu Y, Xu R, Yadav A, Yadav AK, Yalcin S, Yamaguchi Y, Yang S, Yano S, Yin Z, Yoo IK, Yoon JH, Yu H, Yuan S, Yuncu A, Zaccolo V, Zampolli C, Zanone F, Zardoshti N, Zarochentsev A, Závada P, Zaviyalov N, Zhalov M, Zhang B, Zhang C, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhao M, Zherebchevskii V, Zhi Y, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Zhu Y, Zugravel SC, Zurlo N. First Measurement of the |t| Dependence of Incoherent J/ψ Photonuclear Production. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:162302. [PMID: 38701458 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.162302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The first measurement of the cross section for incoherent photonuclear production of J/ψ vector mesons as a function of the Mandelstam |t| variable is presented. The measurement was carried out with the ALICE detector at midrapidity, |y|<0.8, using ultraperipheral collisions of Pb nuclei at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV. This rapidity interval corresponds to a Bjorken-x range (0.3-1.4)×10^{-3}. Cross sections are given in five |t| intervals in the range 0.04<|t|<1 GeV^{2} and compared to the predictions by different models. Models that ignore quantum fluctuations of the gluon density in the colliding hadron predict a |t| dependence of the cross section much steeper than in data. The inclusion of such fluctuations in the same models provides a better description of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Acharya
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - D Adamová
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A Adler
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Aglieri Rinella
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Agnello
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Agrawal
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - S U Ahn
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - I Ahuja
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Akindinov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Al-Turany
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Aleksandrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - H M Alfanda
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Alfaro Molina
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - B Ali
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Alici
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - A Alkin
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Alme
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - G Alocco
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - T Alt
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - I Altsybeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J R Alvarado
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - M N Anaam
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Andrei
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A Andronic
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - V Anguelov
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - N Apadula
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - L Aphecetche
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - H Appelshäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Arata
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - S Arcelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Aresti
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - R Arnaldi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | | | - I C Arsene
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - M Arslandok
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Augustinus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Averbeck
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M D Azmi
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - H Baba
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Badalà
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - J Bae
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - Y W Baek
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - X Bai
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Bailhache
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Bailung
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - A Balbino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Baldisseri
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - B Balis
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - D Banerjee
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - Z Banoo
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Barbera
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - F Barile
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - L Barioglio
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Barlou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - G G Barnaföldi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - L S Barnby
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | - V Barret
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - L Barreto
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Bartels
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Barth
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Bartsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N Bastid
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - S Basu
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - G Batigne
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - D Battistini
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Batyunya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Bauri
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - J L Bazo Alba
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - I G Bearden
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Beattie
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - P Becht
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Behera
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - I Belikov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - F Bellini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Belokurova
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G Bencedi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Beole
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Bercuci
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Y Berdnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Berdnikova
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Bergmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M G Besoiu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Betev
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P P Bhaduri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - A Bhasin
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - M A Bhat
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | | | - L Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Bianchi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - J Bielčík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielčíková
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - J Biernat
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A P Bigot
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Bilandzic
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Biro
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Biswas
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - N Bize
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - J T Blair
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - D Blau
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M B Blidaru
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - N Bluhme
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Blume
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - G Boca
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - F Bock
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - T Bodova
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Bogdanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Boi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - J Bok
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - L Boldizsár
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Bombara
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - P M Bond
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Bonomi
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Borel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - A Borissov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A G Borquez Carcamo
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Bossi
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - E Botta
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Y E M Bouziani
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L Bratrud
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P Braun-Munzinger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Bregant
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Broz
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G E Bruno
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M D Buckland
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Budnikov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Buesching
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Bufalino
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - P Buhler
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - N Burmasov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Z Buthelezi
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Bylinkin
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S A Bysiak
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Cai
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Caliva
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - E Calvo Villar
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | | | - P Camerini
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - F D M Canedo
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S L Cantway
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - M Carabas
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - A A Carballo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Carnesecchi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Caron
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - J Castillo Castellanos
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - F Catalano
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Ceballos Sanchez
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Chakraborty
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Chandra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chapeland
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Chartier
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Chattopadhyay
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Cheng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Cheshkov
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - B Cheynis
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | | - D D Chinellato
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - E S Chizzali
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - J Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Cho
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - P Chochula
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Christakoglou
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C H Christensen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Christiansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - T Chujo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M Ciacco
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Cicalo
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Cindolo
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M R Ciupek
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Clai
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J S Colburn
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Colella
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
- Politecnico di Bari and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - M Colocci
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Concas
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - G Conesa Balbastre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - G Contin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - J G Contreras
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M L Coquet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Cortese
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | | | - F Costa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Costanza
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - C Cot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - J Crkovská
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Crochet
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - R Cruz-Torres
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Cui
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Dainese
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M C Danisch
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Danu
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P Das
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - P Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Das
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - A R Dash
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Dash
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - A De Caro
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - J de Cuveland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A De Falco
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - D De Gruttola
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - C De Martin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - S De Pasquale
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - R Deb
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Deb
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Del Grande
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - L Dello Stritto
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - W Deng
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Dhankher
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - D Di Bari
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Di Mauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Diab
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - R A Diaz
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Dietel
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Ding
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - R Divià
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D U Dixit
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - Ø Djuvsland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - U Dmitrieva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Dobrin
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - B Dönigus
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - A Dubla
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Dudi
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - P Dupieux
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - M Durkac
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Dzalaiova
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - T M Eder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - R J Ehlers
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - F Eisenhut
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ejima
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - D Elia
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - B Erazmus
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - F Ercolessi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Erhardt
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M R Ersdal
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Espagnon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - G Eulisse
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Evans
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Evdokimov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Fabbietti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M Faggin
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - J Faivre
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - F Fan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - W Fan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Fantoni
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Fasel
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - P Fecchio
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | | | - G Feofilov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Fernández Téllez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - L Ferrandi
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Ferrer
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Ferrero
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - C Ferrero
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - A Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - V J G Feuillard
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Filova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Finogeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F M Fionda
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - F Flor
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A N Flores
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - S Foertsch
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - I Fokin
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Fokin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Frajna
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - U Fuchs
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - N Funicello
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - C Furget
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A Furs
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - J J Gaardhøje
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Gagliardi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A M Gago
- Sección Física, Departamento de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
| | - T Gahlaut
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - C D Galvan
- Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Mexico
| | | | - P Ganoti
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - C Garabatos
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A T Garcia
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - T García Chávez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - E Garcia-Solis
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - C Gargiulo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Garner
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - P Gasik
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gautam
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M B Gay Ducati
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M Germain
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A Ghimouz
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - C Ghosh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Giacalone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Giubellino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Giubilato
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | - A M C Glaenzer
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - P Glässel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Glimos
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - D J Q Goh
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - V Gonzalez
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - M Gorgon
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - K Goswami
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Gotovac
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - V Grabski
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - E Grecka
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - A Grelli
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - C Grigoras
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Grigoriev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Grigoryan
- A.I. Alikhanyan National Science Laboratory (Yerevan Physics Institute) Foundation, Yerevan, Armenia
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Grosa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Grosso
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Grund
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G G Guardiano
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - R Guernane
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Guilbaud
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - K Gulbrandsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Gündem
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Gunji
- University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Guo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Gupta
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - K Gwizdziel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L Gyulai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M K Habib
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Hadjidakis
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - F U Haider
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - H Hamagaki
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - A Hamdi
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - M Hamid
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Han
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B G Hanley
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - R Hannigan
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - J Hansen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - M R Haque
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - A Harton
- Chicago State University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - H Hassan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | | | - P Hauer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - L B Havener
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - S T Heckel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E Hellbär
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H Helstrup
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Hemmer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Herman
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - G Herrera Corral
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV), Mexico City and Mérida, Mexico
| | - F Herrmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Herrmann
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - K F Hetland
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Heybeck
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - H Hillemanns
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Hippolyte
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - F W Hoffmann
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B Hofman
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Hohlweger
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - G H Hong
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M Horst
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Horzyk
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - Y Hou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - P Hristov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Hughes
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - P Huhn
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - L M Huhta
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - T J Humanic
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - A Hutson
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - D Hutter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Ilkaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - H Ilyas
- COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - M Inaba
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - G M Innocenti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Ippolitov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Isakov
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - T Isidori
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - M S Islam
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - M Ivanov
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Ivanov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - V Ivanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - K E Iversen
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - B Jacak
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - N Jacazio
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - P M Jacobs
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Jadlovska
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Jadlovsky
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Jaelani
- National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - C Jahnke
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - M A Janik
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Janson
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Jercic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - S Ji
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jia
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - A A P Jimenez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F Jonas
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - D M Jones
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J M Jowett
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Jung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Junique
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Jusko
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M J Kabus
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Kaewjai
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - P Kalinak
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A S Kalteyer
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kalweit
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Kaplin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - D Karatovic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - O Karavichev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Karavicheva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - E Karpechev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - U Kebschull
- Johann-Wolfgang-Goethe Universität Frankfurt Institut für Informatik, Fachbereich Informatik und Mathematik, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Keidel
- Zentrum für Technologie und Transfer (ZTT), Worms, Germany
| | - D L D Keijdener
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M Keil
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Ketzer
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - S S Khade
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - A M Khan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - S Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - A Khanzadeev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Kharlov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Khatun
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States
| | - A Khuntia
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M B Kidson
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Kileng
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Kim
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Kim
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - E J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Kim
- Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - M Kim
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - S Kim
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K Kimura
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Kirsch
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S Kiselev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kisiel
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - J L Klay
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California, United States
| | - J Klein
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Klein
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - C Klein-Bösing
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Kleiner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T Klemenz
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Kluge
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A G Knospe
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Kobdaj
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - T Kollegger
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Kondratyev
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - N Kondratyeva
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Kondratyuk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Konig
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S A Konigstorfer
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - P J Konopka
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Kornakov
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Korwieser
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - A Kotliarov
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - V Kovalenko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Kowalski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - V Kozhuharov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I Králik
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Kravčáková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - L Krcal
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M Krivda
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - F Krizek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | | | - M Kroesen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D M Krupova
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - E Kryshen
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Kučera
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kuhn
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - P G Kuijer
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - T Kumaoka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D Kumar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - L Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - N Kumar
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - S Kumar
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Kundu
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - P Kurashvili
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A B Kurepin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Kuryakin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Kushpil
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - M J Kweon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Kwon
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S L La Pointe
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - P La Rocca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - A Lakrathok
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - M Lamanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A R Landou
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R Langoy
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - P Larionov
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - E Laudi
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Lautner
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - R Lavicka
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - R Lea
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - H Lee
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - I Legrand
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G Legras
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Lehrbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - T M Lelek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R C Lemmon
- Nuclear Physics Group, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, United Kingdom
| | | | - M M Lesch
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - E D Lesser
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - P Lévai
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - X Li
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - X L Li
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Lien
- University of South-Eastern Norway, Kongsberg, Norway
| | - R Lietava
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - I Likmeta
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - B Lim
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S H Lim
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - V Lindenstruth
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Lindner
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - C Lippmann
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Liu
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - D H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - J Liu
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G S S Liveraro
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - I M Lofnes
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Loizides
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - S Lokos
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Lomker
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - P Loncar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - J A Lopez
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - X Lopez
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - E López Torres
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - P Lu
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - J R Luhder
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - M Lunardon
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Mager
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Maire
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - E M Majerz
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - M V Makariev
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - M Malaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G Malfattore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - N M Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Q W Malik
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - S K Malik
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - L Malinina
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - N Mallick
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - G Mandaglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S K Mandal
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - V Manko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Manso
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Y Mao
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - G V Margagliotti
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Margotti
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Marín
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Markert
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - P Martinengo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M I Martínez
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - G Martínez García
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | | | - S Masciocchi
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Masera
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - A Masoni
- INFN, Sezione di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - L Massacrier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - A Mastroserio
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
- Università degli Studi di Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - O Matonoha
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Mattiazzo
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - A Matyja
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - C Mayer
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - A L Mazuecos
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Mazzaschi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - M Mazzilli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J E Mdhluli
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A F Mechler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Y Melikyan
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Menchaca-Rocha
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - E Meninno
- Stefan Meyer Institut für Subatomare Physik (SMI), Vienna, Austria
| | - A S Menon
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Meres
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - S Mhlanga
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Y Miake
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - L Micheletti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L C Migliorin
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - D L Mihaylov
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Mikhaylov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A N Mishra
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Miśkowiec
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Modak
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - A P Mohanty
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - M Mohisin Khan
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - M A Molander
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Monira
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Z Moravcova
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - I Morozov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Morsch
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - T Mrnjavac
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Muccifora
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Muhuri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - J D Mulligan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - A Mulliri
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M G Munhoz
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R H Munzer
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - S Murray
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Musa
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J Musinsky
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J W Myrcha
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - B Naik
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A I Nambrath
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - B K Nandi
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - R Nania
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Nappi
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A F Nassirpour
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Nath
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Nattrass
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - M N Naydenov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - A Neagu
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Negru
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | - L Nellen
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - R Nepeivoda
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - S Nese
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Neskovic
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - B S Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - E G Nielsen
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Nikolaev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Nikulin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Noferini
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Noh
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - P Nomokonov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Norman
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - A Nyanin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Nystrand
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Ogino
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Oh
- Department of Physics, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Ohlson
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - V A Okorokov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Oleniacz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - M H Oliver
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | | | | | - A Ortiz Velasquez
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Otwinowski
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Oya
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Oyama
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Y Pachmayer
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Padhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - D Pagano
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Paić
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S Paisano-Guzmán
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | - S Panebianco
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - H Park
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - H Park
- Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City, Republic of Korea
| | - J Park
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Parkkila
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Y Patley
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - R N Patra
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - B Paul
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - T Peitzmann
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - X Peng
- China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China
| | - M Pennisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - D Peresunko
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - G M Perez
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Havana, Cuba
| | - Y Pestov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Petrov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Petrovici
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R P Pezzi
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S Piano
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Pikna
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - P Pillot
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - O Pinazza
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - C Pinto
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - M Płoskoń
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States
| | - M Planinic
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - F Pliquett
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - M G Poghosyan
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - B Polichtchouk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S Politano
- Dipartimento DISAT del Politecnico and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - N Poljak
- Physics department, Faculty of science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Pop
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - V Pozdniakov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - I Y Pozos
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - K K Pradhan
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S K Prasad
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Prasad
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | | | - F Prino
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - C A Pruneau
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - I Pshenichnov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Puccio
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Pucillo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - Z Pugelova
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Qiu
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - L Quaglia
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - R E Quishpe
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Ragoni
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | - A Rakotozafindrabe
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Ramello
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - F Rami
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - T A Rancien
- Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M Rasa
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Catania, Italy
| | - S S Räsänen
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - R Rath
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M P Rauch
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Ravasenga
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - K F Read
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - C Reckziegel
- Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - A R Redelbach
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - K Redlich
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - C A Reetz
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H D Regules-Medel
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Rehman
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - F Reidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - H A Reme-Ness
- Faculty of Engineering and Science, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Z Rescakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - K Reygers
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Riabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Ricci
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | - M Richter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A A Riedel
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - W Riegler
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Ristea
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - M V Rodriguez
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | - K Røed
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Rogalev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Rogochaya
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T S Rogoschinski
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - D Rohr
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Röhrich
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - P F Rojas
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - S Rojas Torres
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P S Rokita
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - G Romanenko
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - F Ronchetti
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - A Rosano
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - E D Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - K Roslon
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rossi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Roy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - N Rubini
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - D Ruggiano
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Rui
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - P G Russek
- AGH University of Krakow, Cracow, Poland
| | - R Russo
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Rustamov
- National Nuclear Research Center, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - E Ryabinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Ryabov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Rybicki
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - H Rytkonen
- University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - J Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - W Rzesa
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - R Sadek
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - S Sadhu
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - S Sadovsky
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Saetre
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Šafařík
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Saha
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - S K Saha
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - S Saha
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - B Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - B Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Sahoo
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - D Sahu
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - P K Sahu
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - J Saini
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - K Sajdakova
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - S Sakai
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - M P Salvan
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Sambyal
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - I Sanna
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - T B Saramela
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Sarkar
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - N Sarkar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - P Sarma
- Gauhati University, Department of Physics, Guwahati, India
| | - V Sarritzu
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - V M Sarti
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - M H P Sas
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - J Schambach
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - H S Scheid
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - C Schiaua
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - R Schicker
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Schmah
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Schmidt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - H R Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - M O Schmidt
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - N V Schmidt
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States
| | - A R Schmier
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - R Schotter
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Schröter
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Schukraft
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - K Schweda
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Scioli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - J E Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, United States
| | | | | | - M Selina
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Selyuzhenkov
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Senyukov
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France, Strasbourg, France
| | - J J Seo
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Serebryakov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - L Šerkšnytė
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Sevcenco
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - T J Shaba
- iThemba LABS, National Research Foundation, Somerset West, South Africa
| | - A Shabetai
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - R Shahoyan
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Shangaraev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A Sharma
- Physics Department, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - B Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - D Sharma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - H Sharma
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - M Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sharma
- Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - S Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - U Sharma
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - A Shatat
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - O Sheibani
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - K Shigaki
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | | | - J Shin
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Shirinkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Q Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Sibiriak
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | - T Siemiarczuk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T F Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D Silvermyr
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - R Simeonov
- Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - B Singh
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - K Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - R Singh
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - R Singh
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - R Singh
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - S Singh
- Department of Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - V K Singh
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - V Singhal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - T Sinha
- Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - B Sitar
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - M Sitta
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - T B Skaali
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Skorodumovs
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Slupecki
- Helsinki Institute of Physics (HIP), Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - R J M Snellings
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - E H Solheim
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J Song
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - A Songmoolnak
- Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - C Sonnabend
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Soramel
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Padova, Italy
| | | | - R Spijkers
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - I Sputowska
- The Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland
| | - J Staa
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - J Stachel
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Stan
- Institute of Space Science (ISS), Bucharest, Romania
| | - P J Steffanic
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - S F Stiefelmaier
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Stocco
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - I Storehaug
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Stratmann
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - S Strazzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Bologna, Italy
| | - C P Stylianidis
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Suire
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - M Sukhanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Suljic
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Sultanov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - V Sumberia
- Physics Department, University of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - S Sumowidagdo
- National Research and Innovation Agency - BRIN, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - S Swain
- Institute of Physics, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - I Szarka
- Comenius University Bratislava, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | | | - S F Taghavi
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Taillepied
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Takahashi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - G J Tambave
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Jatni, India
| | - S Tang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | | | - N Tapus
- Universitatea Nationala de Stiinta si Tehnologie Politehnica Bucuresti, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - M G Tarzila
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest, Romania
| | - G F Tassielli
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Tauro
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - G Tejeda Muñoz
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - A Telesca
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - L Terlizzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - C Terrevoli
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - S Thakur
- Bose Institute, Department of Physics and Centre for Astroparticle Physics and Space Science (CAPSS), Kolkata, India
| | - D Thomas
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - A Tikhonov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - A R Timmins
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - M Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - T Tkacik
- Technical University of Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - A Toia
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - R Tokumoto
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Tomohiro
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - N Topilskaya
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Toppi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - T Tork
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France
| | - V V Torres
- SUBATECH, IMT Atlantique, Nantes Université, CNRS-IN2P3, Nantes, France
| | - A G Torres Ramos
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - A Trifiró
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A S Triolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze MIFT, Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
- INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - S Tripathy
- INFN, Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Tripathy
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - S Trogolo
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Trubnikov
- Bogolyubov Institute for Theoretical Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
| | | | | | - A Tumkin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - R Turrisi
- INFN, Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - T S Tveter
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - K Ullaland
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - B Ulukutlu
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A Uras
- Université de Lyon, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - M Urioni
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G L Usai
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Cagliari, Italy
| | - M Vala
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - N Valle
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - L V R van Doremalen
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - M van Leeuwen
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - C A van Veen
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R J G van Weelden
- Nikhef, National institute for subatomic physics, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Vande Vyvre
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z Varga
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Vasileiou
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Science, Department of Physics, Athens, Greece
| | - A Vasiliev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | | | | | - V Vechernin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - E Vercellin
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Turin, Italy
| | - S Vergara Limón
- High Energy Physics Group, Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - R Verma
- Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT), Mumbai, India
| | - L Vermunt
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Vértesi
- HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - M Verweij
- Institute for Gravitational and Subatomic Physics (GRASP), Utrecht University/Nikhef, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - L Vickovic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Z Vilakazi
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - O Villalobos Baillie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Villani
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - G Vino
- INFN, Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - A Vinogradov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - T Virgili
- Dipartimento di Fisica 'E.R. Caianiello' dell'Università and Gruppo Collegato INFN, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - V Vislavicius
- Lund University Department of Physics, Division of Particle Physics, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Vodopyanov
- Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Volkel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M A Völkl
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Voloshin
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - S A Voloshin
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - G Volpe
- Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica 'M. Merlin' and Sezione INFN, Bari, Italy
| | - B von Haller
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - I Vorobyev
- Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - N Vozniuk
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - J Vrláková
- Faculty of Science, P.J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - J Wan
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Wegrzynek
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F T Weiglhofer
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S C Wenzel
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J P Wessels
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - J Wiechula
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Wikne
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Wilk
- National Centre for Nuclear Research, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Wilkinson
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G A Willems
- Universität Münster, Institut für Kernphysik, Münster, Germany
| | - B Windelband
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Winn
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - J R Wright
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States
| | - W Wu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - R Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - A Yadav
- Helmholtz-Institut für Strahlen- und Kernphysik, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A K Yadav
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - S Yalcin
- KTO Karatay University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Y Yamaguchi
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Yang
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Yano
- Physics Program and International Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (SKCM2), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Z Yin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - I-K Yoo
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Pusan, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Yoon
- Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H Yu
- Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Yuan
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Yuncu
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Zaccolo
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Università and Sezione INFN, Trieste, Italy
| | - C Zampolli
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - F Zanone
- Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Zardoshti
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Zarochentsev
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - P Závada
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - N Zaviyalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - M Zhalov
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - B Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - C Zhang
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d'Etudes de Saclay (CEA), IRFU, Départment de Physique Nucléaire (DPhN), Saclay, France
| | - L Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - X Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - M Zhao
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - V Zherebchevskii
- Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
| | - Y Zhi
- China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China
| | - D Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
- Research Division and ExtreMe Matter Institute EMMI, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Y Zhu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - N Zurlo
- INFN, Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Università di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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2
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Byun KA, Park Y, Oh S, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Co-Treatment with Phlorotannin and Extracellular Vesicles from Ecklonia cava Inhibits UV-Induced Melanogenesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:408. [PMID: 38671856 PMCID: PMC11047619 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation due to ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanogenesis causes various esthetic problems. Phlorotannin (PT) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various plants suppress melanogenesis pathways. We used UV-exposed keratinocytes and animal skin to determine if co-treatment with PT and EVs from Ecklonia cava (EVE) could inhibit melanogenesis by reducing UV-induced oxidative stress and the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP)/nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing the 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-18 (IL-18) pathway, which are upstream signals of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. UV exposure increased oxidative stress in keratinocytes and animal skin, as evaluated by 8-OHdG expression, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE. UV also increased binding between NLRP3 and TXNIP, which increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-18 secretion, and this effect was reduced by co-treatment with PT and EVE in keratinocytes and animal skin. In melanocytes, conditioned media (CM) from UV-exposed keratinocytes increased the expression of melanogenesis-related pathways; however, these effects were reduced with CM from UV-exposed keratinocytes treated with PT and EVE. Similarly, PT and EVE treatment reduced melanogenesis-related signals, melanin content, and increased basement membrane (BM) components in UV-exposed animal skin. Thus, co-treatment with PT and EVE reduced melanogenesis and restored the BM structure by reducing oxidative stress and TXNIP/NLRP3/IL-18 pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- LIBON Inc., Incheon 22006, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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3
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O'Sullivan JM, Taylor J, Gerds A, Buckley S, Harrison CN, Oh S, List AF, Howard K, Dreau H, Hamblin A, Mead AJ. RAS-pathway mutations are common in patients with ruxolitinib refractory/intolerant myelofibrosis: molecular analysis of the PAC203 cohort. Leukemia 2023; 37:2497-2501. [PMID: 37864122 PMCID: PMC10681886 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02027-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M O'Sullivan
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - J Taylor
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - A Gerds
- Leukemia Program, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - S Buckley
- CTI BioPharma Corp., Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C N Harrison
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Oh
- Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - A F List
- Precision BioSciences, Inc., Durham, NC, USA
| | - K Howard
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - H Dreau
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - A Hamblin
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Haematology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - A J Mead
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre and MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Cap JGB, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Sánchez MCDLB, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gao T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Elayavalli RK, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Aguilar MAR, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Tyler J, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang J, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Hyperon Polarization along the Beam Direction Relative to the Second and Third Harmonic Event Planes in Isobar Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:202301. [PMID: 38039468 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
The polarization of Λ and Λ[over ¯] hyperons along the beam direction has been measured relative to the second and third harmonic event planes in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. This is the first experimental evidence of the hyperon polarization by the triangular flow originating from the initial density fluctuations. The amplitudes of the sine modulation for the second and third harmonic results are comparable in magnitude, increase from central to peripheral collisions, and show a mild p_{T} dependence. The azimuthal angle dependence of the polarization follows the vorticity pattern expected due to elliptic and triangular anisotropic flow, and qualitatively disagrees with most hydrodynamic model calculations based on thermal vorticity and shear induced contributions. The model results based on one of existing implementations of the shear contribution lead to a correct azimuthal angle dependence, but predict centrality and p_{T} dependence that still disagree with experimental measurements. Thus, our results provide stringent constraints on the thermal vorticity and shear-induced contributions to hyperon polarization. Comparison to previous measurements at RHIC and the LHC for the second-order harmonic results shows little dependence on the collision system size and collision energy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur-713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Gao
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Shen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Tyler
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - J Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - X Wu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Zhang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Sourial F, Shamsesfandabadi P, Matani H, Hwang MS, Oh S, Lee D. A Comparison of Treatment Plan Adaptation Methods on PTV Margin Coverage in MR-Linac Prostate SBRT. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e439-e440. [PMID: 37785426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) MRI-Linac guided radiotherapy is a novel treatment modality allowing for daily online adaptation of contours and treatment planning. MRI-Linac prostate SBRT (MRL-SBRT) has recently been shown to provide a tangible benefit in decreasing both acute and late toxicity, due to the ability to evaluate soft tissue contrast, directly monitor organ motion, and anatomical changes during the entire treatment course. Multiple MRI-Linac platforms are available, which provide different advantages with regards to imaging and motion management. We undertook this study to assess coverage of the clinical target volume with use of a standard PTV margin in patients receiving either adapt-to-position (ATP) only treatment or a combination of adapt-to-position and adapt-to-shape (ATP+ATS) on the Elekta Unity MR-Linac. MATERIALS/METHODS Data was collected retrospectively in patients who underwent prostate SBRT using a 1.5 T MR-Linac (Unity, Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). Prior to each fraction, determination of ATP or ATS planning was at the discretion of the treating physician. Prostate and organs at risk (OAR's) were contoured on the reference MRI and daily MR image sets acquired prior to each fraction. The prostate PTV consisted of a 5mm margin, except 3mm posteriorly. Contours were merged to account for target and OAR volumes during all fractions. Target volumes from the reference plan were then compared to the clinical target volume (CTV) on pre-treatment MR-Linac imaging as well as intersection with OAR's. RESULTS Nineteen men, median age 72 years (range 67-75), with prostate cancer underwent treatment from May 2021 to January 2023 with MRL-SBRT. The average time for ATP vs ATP+ATS was 45 minutes (range 35-60) and 60 minutes (range 50-80), respectively. The mean CTV treated was 43.4cc (range 31-60) for ATP and 51.8cc (range 36-67) for ATP+ATS. Prior to plan adaptation, target volumes in 92.6% of fractions were not covered completely by the PTV. In the ATP cohort, 89% of fractions had a portion of the CTV uncovered with an average of 2.9cc. In the ATP+ATS cohort, 96.4% had a portion of the CTV uncovered, with an average of 6.9cc. There was no difference in the amount of PTV intersection for ATP or ATP+ATS plans with the rectum (1.1cc vs. 1.5cc) and bladder (9.2cc vs. 12.6cc), respectively. All patients completed the planned course of treatment. CONCLUSION Adaptive radiation therapy for prostate cancer utilizing an MR-Linac based approach with the Elekta Unity was feasible for patients requiring either ATP only or ATP+ATS plans. As expected, ATS plans required longer treatment time, allowing for improved coverage of the target when deemed clinically necessary. Despite a larger overall volume treated in ATS plans, there was no difference in overlap with OARs between ATP and ATS plans. Adaption for each daily fraction and intrafraction motion monitoring improved CT coverage with our pre-specified PTV margin.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Sourial
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - P Shamsesfandabadi
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - H Matani
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - M S Hwang
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S Oh
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Lee
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
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Hwang MS, Lee D, Oh S, Pavord D, Kirichenko AV, Renz PB. Assessment of Daily Target Motion to Optimize ITV Margins in Online Adaptive Plan for Liver and Pancreatic SBRT on MR-LINAC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e674. [PMID: 37785988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.2125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Accurate measurement of daily target motion on online plan adaptation is essential for re-optimizing the internal target volume (ITV) margins. In this study, by analyzing 2D cine MR images acquired in a 1.5T MR-Linac, we assessed daily target motion and its inter-fractional variations, which is then used to customize ITV margins for MR-based online adaptive plan of liver and pancreatic stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). MATERIALS/METHODS Twenty-threepatients, enrolled in this study, underwent MR-guided online adaptive SBRT on 1.5 T MR-Linac: liver (n = 12 without compression belt (CB), n = 2 with CB) and pancreas (n = 9 with CB). Target motion in a 2D coronal and sagittal MR images (> 200 cine images to cover multiple breathing cycles), as well as a set of 4D-CT images during the simulation, was analyzed to determine patient specific ITV margins for a reference plan. On every fraction of online adaptive SBRT, the 2D MR images were exported to commercially available software along with a planning MR images: a T1-wighted MR image set for pancreas and or a navigated T2-wighted MR image set for liver. Daily target motion was then measured by overlaying the orthogonal cine image set on the T1- or T2-wighted image set. The ITV margin was adjusted when required prior to online plan optimization RESULTS: Thisstudy successfully assessed the daily target motion and inter-fractional variations in 23 liver or pancreatic cancer patients. We found a discrepancy of daily target motion of orthogonal 2D cine MR images from that of 4D-CT, required to adjust the ITV margin for online plan adaptation. In liver SBRT without CB, 15 out of 45 fractions from 12 patients (33.3 %) went through adjusted ITV margin. The tumor motion was large up to a 2.2 cm along the inferior direction in a patient without CB and thus the patient was treated on a conventional Linac with the active breathing control (ABC) unit for breath-hold. On the other hand, no adjustments were necessary for 2 liver patients with CB. In 9 patients with pancreatic cancers, we found the inter-fractional ITV variations in 3 out of 45 fractions (6.7 %) adjusted the ITV margin. The daily target motion in the pancreatic patients with CB was more stable and relatively smaller than that of the liver patients. CONCLUSION Theorthogonal 2D cine MR images are evidently essential for assessing daily target motion to evaluate the inter-fractional variation and achieve daily ITV-customized liver and pancreatic SBRT in the 1.5 T MR-Linac. The customized ITV approach will improve the treatment outcome of the MR-guided online adaptive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Hwang
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Lee
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - S Oh
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - D Pavord
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - A V Kirichenko
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - P B Renz
- Allegheny Health Network Cancer Institute, Department of Radiation Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
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Oh S, Rhee DY, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Increases Collagen and Elastin Fiber Synthesis by Modulating Caveolin-1 in Aging Skin. Cells 2023; 12:2275. [PMID: 37759497 PMCID: PMC10527789 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) induces cellular senescence by reducing extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and activating p53 via inhibition of mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2) and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), promoting cell cycle arrest and decreasing fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment increases collagen synthesis, rejuvenating skin. Using H2O2-induced senescent fibroblasts and the skin of 12-month-old mice, we tested the hypothesis that HIFU increases collagen production through Cav-1 modulation. HIFU was administered at 0.3, 0.5, or 0.7 J in the LINEAR and DOT modes. In both models, HIFU administration decreased Cav-1 levels, increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and decreased the binding of Cav-1 with both MDM2 and Sirt1. HIFU administration decreased p53 activation (acetylated p53) and p21 levels and increased cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen levels in both models. HIFU treatment increased collagen and elastin expression, collagen fiber accumulation, and elastin fiber density in aging skin, with 0.5 J in LINEAR mode resulting in the most prominent effects. HIFU treatment increased collagen synthesis to levels similar to those in Cav-1-silenced senescent fibroblasts. Our results suggest that HIFU administration increases dermal collagen and elastin fibers in aging skin via Cav-1 modulation and reduced p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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8
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Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bland LC, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Butterworth J, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cherney M, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Edmonds T, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Harabasz S, Harris JW, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hong Y, Horvat S, Hu Y, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Humanic TJ, Huo P, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Jowzaee S, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kinghorn TA, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Kocan M, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Krueger K, Kulathunga Mudiyanselage N, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu P, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Lukow NS, Luo S, Luo X, Ma GL, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Moravcova Z, Morozov DA, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Panebratsev Y, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Porter J, Posik M, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Radhakrishnan SK, Ramachandran S, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Sheikh AI, Shen WQ, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Smirnov N, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu Y, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu YF, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Yang Z, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhong C, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Erratum: Global Polarization of Ξ and Ω Hyperons in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV [Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 162301 (2021)]. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:089901. [PMID: 37683178 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.089901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.162301.
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Martínez Cutillas A, Sanz-Serrano D, Oh S, Ventura F, Martínez de Ilarduya A. Synthesis of Functionalized Triblock Copolyesters Derived from Lactic Acid and Macrolactones for Bone Tissue Regeneration. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2300066. [PMID: 37031382 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic and functional grafts are a great alternative to conventional grafts. They can provide a physical support and the precise signaling for cells to heal damaged tissues. In this study, a novel RGD peptide end-functionalized poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(globalide)-b-poly(lactic acid)-b-poly(ethylene glycol) (RGD-PEG-PLA-PGl-PLA-PEG-RGD) is synthetized and used to prepare functional scaffolds. The PGl inner block is obtained by enzymatic ring-opening polymerization of globalide. The outer PLA blocks are obtained by ring-opening polymerization of both, l-lactide or a racemic mixture, initiated by the α-ω-telechelic polymacrolactone. The presence of PGl inner block enhances the toughness of PLA-based scaffolds, with an increase of the elongation at break up to 300% when the longer block of PGl is used. PLA-PGl-PLA copolymer is coupled with α-ω-telechelic PEG diacids by esterification reaction. PEGylation provides hydrophilic scaffolds as the contact angle is reduced from 114° to 74.8°. That difference improves the contact between the scaffolds and the culture media. Moreover, the scaffolds are functionalized with RGD peptides at the surface significantly enhancing the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow-derived primary mesenchymal stem cells and MC3T3-E1 cell lines in vitro. These results place this multifunctional polymer as a great candidate for the preparation of temporary grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez Cutillas
- Artificial Nature S.L., Baldiri i Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - D Sanz-Serrano
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - S Oh
- Artificial Nature S.L., Baldiri i Reixac 10, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - F Ventura
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques, Universitat de Barcelona, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08907, Spain
| | - A Martínez de Ilarduya
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, ETSEIB, Diagonal 647, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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10
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu G, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang W, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of the Elliptic and Triangular Azimuthal Anisotropies in Central ^{3}He+Au, d+Au and p+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:242301. [PMID: 37390421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The elliptic (v_{2}) and triangular (v_{3}) azimuthal anisotropy coefficients in central ^{3}He+Au, d+Au, and p+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV are measured as a function of transverse momentum (p_{T}) at midrapidity (|η|<0.9), via the azimuthal angular correlation between two particles both at |η|<0.9. While the v_{2}(p_{T}) values depend on the colliding systems, the v_{3}(p_{T}) values are system independent within the uncertainties, suggesting an influence on eccentricity from subnucleonic fluctuations in these small-sized systems. These results also provide stringent constraints for the hydrodynamic modeling of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abdulhamid
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - G Liu
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Zhang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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11
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Batsukh S, Oh S, Rheu K, Lee BJ, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Rice Germ Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Muscle Atrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:2719. [PMID: 37375622 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction, increasing cortisol levels. Glucocorticoids (GCs) promote muscle degradation and inhibit muscle synthesis, eventually causing muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate whether rice germ supplemented with 30% γ-aminobutyric acid (RG) attenuates muscle atrophy in an animal model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). We observed that CUMS raised the adrenal gland weight and serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and cortisol levels, and these effects were reversed by RG. CUMS also enhanced the expression of the GC receptor (GR) and GC-GR binding in the gastrocnemius muscle, which were attenuated by RG. The expression levels of muscle degradation-related signaling pathways, such as the Klf15, Redd-1, FoxO3a, Atrogin-1, and MuRF1 pathways, were enhanced by CUMS and attenuated by RG. Muscle synthesis-related signaling pathways, such as the IGF-1/AKT/mTOR/s6k/4E-BP1 pathway, were reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. Moreover, CUMS raised oxidative stress by enhancing the levels of iNOS and acetylated p53, which are involved in cell cycle arrest, whereas RG attenuated both iNOS and acetylated p53 levels. Cell proliferation in the gastrocnemius muscle was reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. The muscle weight, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, and grip strength were reduced by CUMS and enhanced by RG. Therefore, RG attenuated ACTH levels and cortisol-related muscle atrophy in CUMS animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sosorburam Batsukh
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmin Rheu
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Bae-Jin Lee
- Marine Bioprocess Co., Ltd., Smart Marine BioCenter, Busan 46048, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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12
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Filler Increases Extracellular Matrix by Modulating Macrophages and Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Aged Animal Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1204. [PMID: 37371934 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) filler corrects soft tissue volume loss by increasing collagen synthesis in the dermis; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are known to attenuate the decrease in fibroblast collagen synthesis that occurs during aging, and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like-2 factor (NRF2) increases ASCs survival by inducing M2 macrophage polarization and IL-10 expression. We evaluated the ability of PDLLA to induce collagen synthesis in fibroblasts by modulating macrophages and ASCs in a H2O2-induced cellular senescence model and aged animal skin. PDLLA increased M2 polarization and NRF2 and IL-10 expression in senescence-induced macrophages. Conditioned media from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA (PDLLA-CMMΦ) reduced senescence and increased proliferation and expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 in senescence-induced ASCs. Conditioned media from senescent ASCs treated with PDLLA-CMMΦ (PDLLA-CMASCs) increased the expression of collagen 1a1 and collagen 3a1 and reduced the expression of NF-κB and MMP2/3/9 in senescence-induced fibroblasts. Injection of PDLLA in aged animal skin resulted in increased expression of NRF2, IL-10, collagen 1a1, and collagen 3a1 and increased ASCs proliferation in aged animal skin. These results suggest that PDLLA increases collagen synthesis by modulating macrophages to increase NRF2 expression, which stimulates ASCs proliferation and secretion of TGF-β and FGF2. This leads to increased collagen synthesis, which can attenuate aging-induced soft tissue volume loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Observation of Directed Flow of Hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:212301. [PMID: 37295104 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.212301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report here the first observation of directed flow (v_{1}) of the hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H in mid-central Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV at RHIC. These data are taken as part of the beam energy scan program carried out by the STAR experiment. From 165×10^{6} events in 5%-40% centrality, about 8400 _{Λ}^{3}H and 5200 _{Λ}^{4}H candidates are reconstructed through two- and three-body decay channels. We observe that these hypernuclei exhibit significant directed flow. Comparing to that of light nuclei, it is found that the midrapidity v_{1} slopes of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H follow baryon number scaling, implying that the coalescence is the dominant mechanism for these hypernuclei production in the 3 GeV Au+Au collisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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14
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Abdulhamid MI, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adams JR, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aslam S, Atchison J, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chatterjee A, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Hamed A, Han Y, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison-Smith H, He W, He XH, He Y, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kimelman B, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin AA, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Lin T, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd EM, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Luong VB, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Minaev NG, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mudrokh A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Pani T, Parfenov P, Paul A, Perkins C, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Pruthi NK, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Rogachevsky OV, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev MV, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vasiliev AN, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu N, Yu Y, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Beam Energy Dependence of Triton Production and Yield Ratio (N_{t}×N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}) in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:202301. [PMID: 37267557 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report the triton (t) production in midrapidity (|y|<0.5) Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=7.7-200 GeV measured by the STAR experiment from the first phase of the beam energy scan at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The nuclear compound yield ratio (N_{t}×N_{p}/N_{d}^{2}), which is predicted to be sensitive to the fluctuation of local neutron density, is observed to decrease monotonically with increasing charged-particle multiplicity (dN_{ch}/dη) and follows a scaling behavior. The dN_{ch}/dη dependence of the yield ratio is compared to calculations from coalescence and thermal models. Enhancements in the yield ratios relative to the coalescence baseline are observed in the 0%-10% most central collisions at 19.6 and 27 GeV, with a significance of 2.3σ and 3.4σ, respectively, giving a combined significance of 4.1σ. The enhancements are not observed in peripheral collisions or model calculations without critical fluctuation, and decreases with a smaller p_{T} acceptance. The physics implications of these results on the QCD phase structure and the production mechanism of light nuclei in heavy-ion collisions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abdulhamid
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - S Aslam
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Chatterjee
- National Institute of Technology Durgapur, Durgapur - 713209, India
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - D Kalinkin
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E M Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - V B Luong
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mudrokh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, South Korea
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M V Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Yu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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15
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Oh S, Lee JH, Kim HM, Batsukh S, Sung MJ, Lim TH, Lee MH, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-L-Lactic Acid Fillers Improved Dermal Collagen Synthesis by Modulating M2 Macrophage Polarization in Aged Animal Skin. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091320. [PMID: 37174720 PMCID: PMC10177436 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) fillers correct cutaneous volume loss by stimulating fibroblasts to synthesize collagen and by augmenting the volume. PLLA triggers the macrophage-induced activation of fibroblasts that secrete transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). However, whether M2 macrophage polarization is involved in PLLA-induced collagen synthesis via fibroblast activation in aged skin is not known. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of PLLA on dermal collagen synthesis via M2 polarization in an H2O2-induced cellular senescence model and aged animal skin. H2O2-treated macrophages had increased expression levels of the M1 marker CD80 and decreased expression levels of the M2 marker CD163, which were reversed by PLLA. The expression levels of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, which mediate M2 polarization, were decreased in H2O2-treated macrophages and increased upon the PLLA treatment. CD163, IL-4, and IL-13 expression levels were decreased in aged skin, but increased after the PLLA treatment. The expression levels of TGF-β, pSMAD2/SMAD2, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen type 1A1 (COL1A1), and COL3A1 were also decreased in aged skin, but increased after the PLLA treatment. Moreover, PLLA upregulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85α (PI3-kinase p85α)/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, leading to fibroblast proliferation. PLLA decreased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and MMP3, which destroy collagen and elastin fibers in aged skin. The amount of collagen and elastin fibers in aged skin increased following the PLLA treatment. In conclusion, PLLA causes M2 polarization by increasing IL-4 and IL-13 levels and upregulating TGF-β expression and collagen synthesis in aged skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hyuk Lee
- Doctorbom Clinic, Seoul 06614, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Oh S, Seo SB, Kim G, Batsukh S, Son KH, Byun K. Poly-D,L-Lactic Acid Stimulates Angiogenesis and Collagen Synthesis in Aged Animal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097986. [PMID: 37175693 PMCID: PMC10178436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis promotes rejuvenation in multiple organs, including the skin. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are proangiogenic factors that stimulate the activities of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA), polynucleotide (PN), and calcium hydroxyapatite (CaHA) are dermal fillers that stimulate the synthesis of dermal collagen. However, it is not yet known whether these compounds promote angiogenesis, which leads to skin rejuvenation. Here, we evaluated whether PDLLA, PN, and CaHA stimulate angiogenesis and skin rejuvenation using H2O2-treated senescent macrophages and endothelial cells as an in vitro model for skin aging, and we used young and aged C57BL/6 mice as an in vivo model. Angiogenesis was evaluated via endothelial cell migration length, proliferation, and tube formation after conditioned media (CM) from senescent macrophages was treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. Western blot showed decreased expression levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF in senescent macrophages, but higher expression levels of these factors were found after treatment with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. In addition, after exposure to CM from senescent macrophages treated with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, senescent endothelial cells expressed higher levels of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), PI3K, phosphorylated AKT (pAKT), and phosphorylated ERK1/2 (pERK1/2) and demonstrated greater capacities for cell migration, cell proliferation, and tube formation. Based on the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, the oxidative stress level was lower in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA, while the tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3 expression levels; the density of collagen fibers; and the skin elasticity were higher in the skin of aged mice injected with PDLLA, PN, or CaHA. These effects were greater in PDLLA than in PN or CaHA. In conclusion, our results are consistent with the hypothesis that PDLLA stimulates angiogenesis, leading to the rejuvenation of aged skin. Our study is the first to show that PDLLA, PN, or CaHA can result in angiogenesis in the aged skin, possibly by increasing the levels of HSP90, HIF-1α, and VEGF and increasing collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Bae Seo
- SeoAh Song Dermatologic Clinic, Seoul 05557, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunpoong Kim
- VAIM Co., Ltd., Okcheon 29055, Republic of Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health & Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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17
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Anderson DM, Aschenauer EC, Atchison J, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Brandenburg JD, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Deppner IM, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lisa MA, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Mukherjee A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Pani T, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Roy Chowdhury P, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seck FJ, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wielanek D, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurement of Sequential ϒ Suppression in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:112301. [PMID: 37001106 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.112301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We report on measurements of sequential ϒ suppression in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) through both the dielectron and dimuon decay channels. In the 0%-60% centrality class, the nuclear modification factors (R_{AA}), which quantify the level of yield suppression in heavy-ion collisions compared to p+p collisions, for ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) are 0.40±0.03(stat)±0.03(sys)±0.09(norm) and 0.26±0.08(stat)±0.02(sys)±0.06(norm), respectively, while the upper limit of the ϒ(3S) R_{AA} is 0.17 at a 95% confidence level. This provides experimental evidence that the ϒ(3S) is significantly more suppressed than the ϒ(1S) at RHIC. The level of suppression for ϒ(1S) is comparable to that observed at the much higher collision energy at the Large Hadron Collider. These results point to the creation of a medium at RHIC whose temperature is sufficiently high to strongly suppress excited ϒ states.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Rende 87036, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - M Robotkova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - F-J Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - D Wielanek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Byun KA, Kim HM, Oh S, Son KH, Byun K. Radiofrequency Irradiation Attenuated UVB-Induced Skin Pigmentation by Modulating ATP Release and CD39 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065506. [PMID: 36982581 PMCID: PMC10052073 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpigmentation stimulated by ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanin overproduction causes various cosmetic problems. UV radiation’s activation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)/cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) pathway is the main pathway for melanogenesis. However, the secretion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from keratinocytes due to UV radiation also leads to melanogenesis. Adenosine, converted from ATP by CD39 and CD73, can activate adenylate cyclase (AC) activity and increase intracellular cAMP expression. cAMP-mediated PKA activation results in dynamic mitochondrial changes that affect melanogenesis via ERK. We evaluated whether radiofrequency (RF) irradiation could decrease ATP release from keratinocytes and suppress the expression of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2B adenosine receptors (ARs) and the activity of AC and downregulate the PKA/CREB/MITF pathway, which would eventually decrease melanogenesis in vitro in UV-irradiated cells and animal skin. Our results indicate that RF decreased ATP release from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. When conditioned media (CM) from UVB-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB) were administered to melanocytes, the expressions of CD39, CD73, A2A/A2BARs, cAMP, and PKA increased. However, the expression of these factors decreased when CM from UVB and RF-irradiated keratinocytes (CM-UVB/RF) was administered to melanocytes. The phosphorylation of DRP1 at Ser637, which inhibits mitochondrial fission, increased in UVB-irradiated animal skin and was decreased by RF irradiation. The expression of ERK1/2, which can degrade MITF, was increased using RF treatment in UVB-irradiated animal skin. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes increased following CM-UVB administration, and these increases were reversed after CD39 silencing. Tyrosinase activity and melanin levels in melanocytes were decreased by CM-UVB/RF irradiation. In conclusion, RF irradiation decreased ATP release from keratinocytes and the expressions of CD39, CD73, and A2A/A2BARs, which decreased AC activity in melanocytes. RF irradiation downregulated the cAMP-mediated PKA/CREB/MITF pathway and tyrosinase activity, and these inhibitory effects can be mediated via CD39 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Anderson DM, Aschenauer EC, Atchison J, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bhatta S, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Brandenburg JD, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Ceska J, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang Z, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen Z, Cheng J, Cheng Y, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Dale-Gau G, Das A, Daugherity M, Deppner IM, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fazio S, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Flor FA, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jalotra A, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jin C, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Lacey R, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Li Y, Li Z, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lisa MA, Liu C, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu L, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Lomicky O, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, McNamara G, Mi K, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mooney I, Mukherjee A, Nagy MI, Nain AS, Nam JD, Nasim M, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Pani T, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Posik M, Protzman T, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qin Z, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robertson CW, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Rosales Aguilar MA, Roy D, Roy Chowdhury P, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Seck FJ, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma M, Sharma N, Sharma R, Sharma SR, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shen K, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Si F, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Song Y, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Stringfellow B, Su Y, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun C, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tamis A, Tang AH, Tang Z, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tsang CY, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wielanek D, Wieman H, Wilks G, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu X, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yan Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou J, Zhou S, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Beam Energy Dependence of Fifth- and Sixth-Order Net-Proton Number Fluctuations in Au+Au Collisions at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:082301. [PMID: 36898098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.082301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report the beam energy and collision centrality dependence of fifth and sixth order cumulants (C_{5}, C_{6}) and factorial cumulants (κ_{5}, κ_{6}) of net-proton and proton number distributions, from center-of-mass energy (sqrt[s_{NN}]) 3 GeV to 200 GeV Au+Au collisions at RHIC. Cumulant ratios of net-proton (taken as proxy for net-baryon) distributions generally follow the hierarchy expected from QCD thermodynamics, except for the case of collisions at 3 GeV. The measured values of C_{6}/C_{2} for 0%-40% centrality collisions show progressively negative trend with decreasing energy, while it is positive for the lowest energy studied. These observed negative signs are consistent with QCD calculations (for baryon chemical potential, μ_{B}≤110 MeV) which contains the crossover transition range. In addition, for energies above 7.7 GeV, the measured proton κ_{n}, within uncertainties, does not support the two-component (Poisson+binomial) shape of proton number distributions that would be expected from a first-order phase transition. Taken in combination, the hyperorder proton number fluctuations suggest that the structure of QCD matter at high baryon density, μ_{B}∼750 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV is starkly different from those at vanishing μ_{B}∼24 MeV at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and higher collision energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | | | - J Atchison
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - S Bhatta
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J Ceska
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Chang
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Cheng
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - G Dale-Gau
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Das
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria & INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - F A Flor
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - A Jalotra
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Jin
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - C Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - O Lomicky
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - G McNamara
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - K Mi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - I Mooney
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M I Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - A S Nain
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - T Pani
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - T Protzman
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Z Qin
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - M Robotkova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | | | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | | | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - F-J Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Sharma
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - N Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - S R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - K Shen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - F Si
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | | | - D J Stewart
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | | | - Y Su
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - C Sun
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - X Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A Tamis
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Y Tsang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - D Wielanek
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Wilks
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - X Wu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Yan
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - J Zhou
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - S Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdallah MS, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Butterworth J, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Collision-System and Beam-Energy Dependence of Anisotropic Flow Fluctuations. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:252301. [PMID: 36608250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.252301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Elliptic flow measurements from two-, four-, and six-particle correlations are used to investigate flow fluctuations in collisions of U+U at sqrt[s_{NN}]=193 GeV, Cu+Au at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV and Au+Au spanning the range sqrt[s_{NN}]=11.5-200 GeV. The measurements show a strong dependence of the flow fluctuations on collision centrality, a modest dependence on system size, and very little if any, dependence on particle species and beam energy. The results, when compared to similar LHC measurements, viscous hydrodynamic calculations, and trento model eccentricities, indicate that initial-state-driven fluctuations predominate the flow fluctuations generated in the collisions studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Zhu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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21
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Kim HR, Seo E, Oh S, Seo M, Byun K, Kim BY. Anti-Obesity Effects of Multi-Strain Probiotics in Mice with High-Carbohydrate Diet-Induced Obesity and the Underlying Molecular Mechanisms. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235173. [PMID: 36501204 PMCID: PMC9739441 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Overconsumption of highly refined carbohydrates contributes significantly to the current obesity pandemics. Probiotic administration protects against weight gain in animals fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Nonetheless, the anti-obesity effects of probiotics in a high-carbohydrate diet (HCD)-induced obesity models are not well elucidated. Herein, C57BL/6N male mice were fed an HCD (70% kcal carbohydrate) for 12 weeks and were orally treated with multi-strain probiotics (MSPs) at 1010 CFU or saline every day for 6 weeks. MSPs contained Lactobacillus acidophilus DSM 24936, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DSM 24937, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri DSM 25175. MSPs treatment not only ameliorated weight gain but also modulated the body fat composition altered by HCD. The MSPs also attenuated the expression of adipogenesis- and lipogenesis-related genes in HCD-fed mice. In addition, MSPs promoted the expression of lipolysis- and fatty acid oxidation-promoting factors in HCD-fed mice. Furthermore, MSPs modulated the expression of thermogenesis-related genes and the serum levels of obesity-related hormones altered by HCD. Treatment with MSPs positively reversed the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, which is associated with a risk of obesity. Hence, this study explores the multifaceted anti-obesity mechanisms of MSPs and highlights their potential to be used as effective weight-management products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rim Kim
- CH Labs Corp., Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsol Seo
- CH Labs Corp., Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - MinYeong Seo
- Shinwoo Co., Ltd., Changwon 14067, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (B.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-8-6292-9107 (B.-Y.K.)
| | - Byung-Yong Kim
- CH Labs Corp., Seoul 07249, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.B.); (B.-Y.K.); Tel.: +82-8-6292-9107 (B.-Y.K.)
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22
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Lee E, Kim J, Bae Y, Park S, Park J, Che L, Oh S. 526 The involvement of gremlin 1 in particulate matter-induced melanogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Kim J, Park S, Kim J, Lee E, Bae Y, Oh S. 124 Effects of Long-pulsed Alexandrite Laser treatment on Microbiome in Rosacea Patients. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.09.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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24
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Chen X, Oh S, Hwang M, Lee D, Fuhrer R, Kirichenko A, Renz P, Sohn J. Dosimetric Assessment for Real-Time Anatomical Motion during MR-Guided Radiation Therapy by MR-LINAC. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.2271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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25
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Lee SR, Choi EK, Lee SW, Han KD, Oh S, Lip GYH. Association between early rhythm control and the risk of dementia in patients with atrial fibrillation and prior history of stroke: a nationwide population-based study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who experienced stroke before are at high risk for dementia. Although early rhythm control in patients with AF reduces the risk of stroke, there is a lack of evidence on whether early rhythm control reduces the risk of developing dementia in patients with new-onset AF and a history of prior stroke.
Purpose
To compare the risk of dementia between early rhythm control therapy and usual care in patients with new-onset AF and a history of prior stroke
Methods
Using the Korean nationwide claims database, we identified patients who were newly diagnosed as AF and had a history of prior stroke. Patients with prevalent dementia were excluded. Patients who received rhythm control therapy, including antiarrhythmic drug, direct current cardioversion, or AF catheter ablation, within 1 year after incident AF were defined as the early rhythm control group, otherwise as the usual care group. The inverse probability of treatment weighting method was used to balance baseline characteristics between the two groups. The incidence of all dementia, Alzheimer dementia, and vascular dementia were evaluated during follow-up.
Results
A total of 41,370 patients were included (mean age, 70±11 years; mean CHA2DS2-VASc score 5.3±1.6; 43% female); 10,213 were in the early rhythm control group and 31,157 in the usual care group. All patients received oral anticoagulants. During a median 2.7 years of follow-up, 6414 patients developed incident dementia (incidence rate, 4.9 per 100 person-years). Compared to usual care, early rhythm control was associated with lower risks of all dementia, Alzheimer dementia, and vascular dementia (weighted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval], 0.825 [0.776–0.876], 0.831 [0.774–0.893], and 0.800 [0.702–0.913], respectively, all p<0.001) (Figure 1). The beneficial effect of early rhythm control on the risk of dementia were consistent regardless of the characteristics of prior stroke, for example, recent stroke within 6-month from their enrollment, disabling stroke that required continuous rehabilitation therapy, and severe stroke causing intensive care unit admission.
Conclusion
Early rhythm control within 1 year after AF diagnosis might be beneficial to prevent dementia in patients with incident AF and a history of stroke. To prevent progression of further cognitive dysfunction, early rhythm control should be considered in these patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K D Han
- Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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26
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Kwon S, Choi EK, Lee SR, Ahn HJ, Oh S. The left atrial low-voltage area and persistent atrial fibrillation treated with pulmonary vein isolation alone. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There are limited data regarding the association between the burden of the left atrial low-voltage area (LVA) and the outcome of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) alone in persistent atrial fibrillation (PeAF).
Purpose
The study aimed to investigate the impact of the burden of LVA on the patients with PeAF treated with PVI alone.
Methods
Using a retrospective cohort of PeAF patients who underwent PVI alone, both clinical and the left atrial voltage mapping data were reviewed. LVA was defined as an area of ≤0.5 mV (bipolar) when mapped during sinus rhythm and ≤0.2 mV during AF. The high burden of LVA was defined as a case when the LVA constitutes ≥10% of the total left atrial body area. The patients were categorized into either the high or low burden groups. The recurrence of any atrial tachyarrhythmia was followed up, and multivariable Cox's regression analysis was performed.
Results
A total of 50 and 25 patients were investigated for the low burden (LVA<10%) and high burden (LVA≥10%) groups, respectively. Compared to the low burden group, the high burden group had a significantly less male proportion (56.0% versus 78.0%), a higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (median 3 versus 2), more chronic kidney disease (16.0% versus 2.0%), and a higher burden of LVA (20±11% versus 5±3%). During the median follow-up of 9.5 (6.2–16.2)months, there were 30.0% and 48.0% ofrecurrences for the low and high burden groups, respectively. Compared to the low burden group, the high burden group was associated with higher risks of both early and late recurrences (HR [95% CI] =2.67 [1.15–6.18] and 2.08 [1.03–4.20], respectively) (Figure 1). The best cut-off of LVA to predict 2-year recurrence was 10.1% (Figure 2).
Conclusion
The high burden of LVA was significantly associated with an increased risk of recurrence among PeAF patients treated with PVI alone. Tailored ablation in addition to PVI would be needed to improve outcomes in patients with PeAF having a high burden of LVA.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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27
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Lee SR, Choi EK, Lee SW, Han KD, Oh S. A synergistic impact of early rhythm control and lifestyle modification on the risk of stroke in patients with new-onset atrial fibrillation: a Korean nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early rhythm control therapy and lifestyle modification have both been associated with a lower risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Although guidelines have emphasized integrated care for patients with AF to improve clinical outcomes, the synergistic impact of early rhythm control therapy and lifestyle modification on the risk of stroke is unclear.
Purpose
To evaluate the impact of the combination of early rhythm control therapy and lifestyle modification on the risk of stroke
Methods
Based on data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we included patients with new-onset AF between January 2009 and December 2016. Based on questionnaires from health checks, patients with ≥2 healthy lifestyle behaviors among quitting smoking, abstaining from alcohol, and performing regular exercise were defined as “healthy lifestyle” group. Patients who received rhythm control therapy within 2-year after new-onset AF were defined as the early rhythm control group. With a two-by-two factorial design, patients were categorized into 4 groups as follows: (i) those without early rhythm control and healthy lifestyle (group 1); (ii) those with a healthy lifestyle but without early rhythm control (group 2); (iii) those with early rhythm control but without healthy lifestyle (group 3); and (iv) those with both early rhythm control and healthy lifestyle (group 4). The primary outcome was stroke.
Results
Among a total of 208,662 patients, 46,972, 110,479, 15,133, and 36,078 patients were included in group 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. For the early rhythm control group, the mean duration from AF diagnosis to rhythm control therapy was 27±76 days. During a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 9905 patients had an incident stroke (incidence rate, 10.6 per 100 person-years). After multivariable adjustment, compared to group 1, group 2 (healthy lifestyle only) and group 3 (early rhythm control only) were associated with a lower risk of stroke (HR and 95% CI: 0.769, 0.728–0.881, and 0.774, 0.703–0.852, respectively) (Figure 1). Group 4 with early rhythm control and a healthy lifestyle had the lowest risk of stroke among all groups (HR 0.575, 95% CI 0.536–0.617 compared to group 1) (Figure 1). After propensity score (PS) weighting for group 2 and 4, additional early rhythm control based on healthy lifestyle was associated with a lowered risk of stroke by 22% (Figure 2). After PS weighting between groups 3 and 4, additional lifestyle modification based on early rhythm control was associated with a lowered risk of stroke by 27% (Figure 2).
Conclusion
In this large-scale observational cohort study, early rhythm control therapy and healthy lifestyle behavior might reduce the risk of stroke in patients with new-onset AF, consistent with the results from recent randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, implementing both early rhythm control therapy and a healthy lifestyle could synergize stroke prevention in these populations.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K D Han
- Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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28
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Ahn HJ, Lee SR, Choi EK, Rhee TM, Kwon S, Oh S, Gregory LIP. Protective effect of proton pump inhibitor against gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving oral anticoagulants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The concurrent use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) in oral anticoagulant (OAC) treated patients may be associated with a lower risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), but evidence is still conflicting according to individual OACs.
Purpose
We conducted a meta-analysis to estimate the risk of GIB in patients with OAC and PPI co-therapy.
Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane was performed for studies reporting GIB risk in OAC and PPI co-therapy. Primary outcomes were total GIB and major GIB events. We calculated pooled estimates of GIB risk by a random-effect meta-analysis and reported as odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI. Stratified analyses according to the origin of GIB, ethnic groups, individual OACs, and the presence of underlying GIB risk factors were performed.
Results
A total of 10 studies (1 randomized controlled study and 9 observational studies) and 1,970,931 patients who received OAC were included. OAC and PPI co-therapy were associated with a lower risk of total GIB, and major GIB; OR (95% CI) was 0.67 (0.62–0.74) for total GIB and 0.68 (0.63–0.75) for major GIB, respectively. Among total GIB, only the risk of upper GIB was lower with OAC and PPI co-therapy (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.64–0.70). No difference in the lower risk of primary GIB outcomes of PPI co-therapy was observed between Asians and non-Asians (p-for-difference, total GIB=0.695, major GIB=0.748, respectively) and among individual OACs except for edoxaban. The protective effect of PPI on total GIB was more significant in high-risk patients, defined as those with concurrent medication of antiplatelets or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.52–0.73) and presence of high bleeding risk factors such as previous GIB history, HAS-BLED score ≥3, or underlying gastrointestinal diseases. (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.61–0.70).
Conclusion
In patients who receive OAC, the use of PPI co-therapy was associated with a lower risk of total GIB and major GIB irrespective of ethnic group and OAC type except for edoxaban. PPI co-therapy can be considered particularly in patients on concomitant NSAID and antiplatelet use or patients with high GIB risk factors.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - T M Rhee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - L I P Gregory
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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29
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Bae N, Lee S, Choi E, Ahn H, Ahn H, Kwon S, Han K, Oh S, Lip G. Impact of mental disease on the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to increase the risk of mental disorders, which increases the health care burden in these patients. Also, DM is one of the risk factors leading to atrial fibrillation (AF), and the presence of concomitant AF and DM adds to the increased risks of stroke and death. It is uncertain whether mental disease is an independent risk factor of incident AF in patients with DM.
Purpose
To investigate whether diabetic patients with mental disease have an increased risk of AF.
Methods
Using the Korea National Health Insurance Service database, we enrolled 2,512,690 patients diagnosed with DM without AF between 2009 and 2021. Newly diagnosed AF was identified during the follow-up period. We compared the risk of AF between patients with mental disease and those without.
Results
Among the total population, 828,929 (32.99%; mean age 61.58±11.28; 56.71% female) patients were diagnosed with mental diseases (Figure 1). Anxiety (564,786 patients, 68.13%) was the most common mental disease, while depression was the second most common (313,773 patients, 37.85%). Diabetic patients with mental diseases had a higher percentage of women, hypertension, dyslipidemia, chronic kidney failure, congestive heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, and thyroid disease. During a median 7.0 years (IQR 5.93–8.07) follow-up, 34,523 were diagnosed new-onset AF (4.66 per 1,000 person-year). In multivariate analysis, diabetic patients with mental disorders showed a higher risk of new-onset AF (HR 1.19; 95% CI 1.17–1.21; p-value <0.0001) (Figure 2). Among mental diseases, depression, insomnia, and anxiety were associated with increased risks of new-onset AF (HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.12–1.17; HR 1.15; 95% CI 1.13–1.18; and HR 1.19; 95% CI, 1.67–1.21; all p-value <0.0001, respectively), whereas bipolar disorder and schizophrenia showed non-statistically significant trends (due to small numbers). Subgroup analyses showed that younger age had significant interactions with depression, insomnia, and anxiety.
Conclusion
Mental diseases, especially depression, insomnia, and anxiety, showed an increased risk of AF in patients with DM. Awareness and prompt diagnosis and management of AF would be necessary for these high-risk populations at risk of incident AF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bae
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K Han
- Soongsil University, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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30
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Han S, Choi EK, Han KD, Ahn HJ, Kwon S, Lee SR, Oh S. Increased risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with uterine fibroids: a nationwide population-based study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Uterine fibroid, the most common benign neoplasm of the uterus, is associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular disease. The link between incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and the uterine fibroid is unclear because earlier studies focused primarily on the development of atherosclerosis and hypertension. We aimed to investigate the risk of AF in patients with uterine fibroid.
Methods
This is a retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (NHIS). From 2009 to 2012, a total of 2,574,349 women (20 to 40 years old) who underwent general health examinations were included. Diagnosis of uterine fibroids and surgical treatment status was defined by the international classification of diseases, 10th revision codes, and procedural codes from the Korean NHIS. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed AF. The risk of AF according to the uterine fibroids and their surgical treatment status was evaluated using Cox proportional-hazard models.
Results
Of the total population, the mean age was 29.76±4.27 years, and 20,682 (0.8%) were identified to have uterine fibroid. Incident AF was identified in 3,868 patients (61 in the fibroid group, 3,807 in the control group) during a mean follow-up of 7.3±1.1 years. Patients of the uterine fibroid group showed a higher incidence of AF compared to the control group (0.41 and 0.20 per 1000 person-years, respectively, Figure 1). Multivariate Cox-regression analysis presented that uterine fibroid was an independent risk factor of AF: hazard ratio (HR) 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16–1.93, p=0.002. Compared to the control group, uterine fibroid patients who underwent surgical treatment tend to show a lower risk for AF (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.79–1.90) than patients without surgical treatment (HR 1.69, 95% CI 1.24–2.30), though statistical significance was indeterminate (Figure 2). After propensity score matching, patients of the uterine fibroid group showed higher risk of AF when compared to the control group (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.32–2.63, p<0.001), which was in line with our main results. The presence of uterine fibroid was consistently associated with higher risk of AF among all subgroups except for the stroke subgroup.
Conclusion
Patients with uterine fibroids are predisposed to an increased risk of AF compared to the control group. Careful monitoring of arrhythmia development would be warranted in patients of uterine fibroid and surgical treatment as it is associated with a modest risk decrement of incident AF.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Han
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K D Han
- Soongsil University, Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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31
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Ahn HJ, Lee SR, Choi EK, Lee SW, Han KD, Kwon S, Oh S, Gregory LIP. Paradoxical association between lipid levels and incident atrial fibrillation according to statin usage. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In epidemiology studies, a higher level of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with a lower risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). Statin use might exert possible confounding effects in the paradoxical relationship; however, the inverse link between AF and cholesterol level that distinguishes statin users from non-users has not been evaluated.
Objective
We investigated the epidemiological relationships of TC–AF and LDL-C–AF in statin users and non-users, respectively.
Methods
From the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, we included 9,778,014 adults who underwent a health examination in 2009 and had no prior AF history. The levels of TC and LCL-C at the health exam were categorized in quartile (Q) and decile (D) values of the total study population. The study population was grouped into statin users and non-users, and TC–AF and LDL-C–AF relationships were evaluated.
Results
867,336 (8.9%) were on statin use among the total population. Statin users showed higher TC level (208.4±55.6 vs. 194.1±39.5 mg/dL, p<0.001) and LDL-C level (123.0±102.2 vs. 121.3±226.3, p<0.001) compared to non-users. Inverse associations of TC–AF and LCL-C–AF were observed; higher levels of TC and LDL-C were associated with a lower risk of AF. The hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were 0.797 (0.786–0.809) for the highest quartile of TC (Q4, TC ≥218) and 0.832 (0.82–0.843) for the highest quartile of LDL-C (Q4, LDL-C ≥135) when adjusted by age, sex, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidities, and low-income status. Statin users exhibited higher AF incidence rate than non-statin users, but the association in statin users generally tracked that seen among non-statin users demonstrating similar HR in Q4 of TC [0.812 (0.790–0.835) for statin users and 0.812 (0.798–0.826) for non-statin users] and LDL-C [0.842 (0.819–0.865) for statin users and 0.849 (0.835–0.863) for non-statin users].
Conclusion
The paradoxical relationship between lipid levels (TC and LDL-C) and incident AF remained consistent both in statin users and non-users. Further research is required to investigate an underlying mechanism for the cholesterol paradox of AF which still seems evident despite the pleiotropic effects of statin.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K D Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - L I P Gregory
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Rhee T, Choi EK, Ahn HJ, Lee SR, Oh S, Lip GYH. Fish oil supplements increase atrial fibrillation risk in healthy individuals: a population-based cohort study and Mendelian randomization analysis. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is a paucity of information on the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in healthy individuals taking fish oil supplements.
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the epidemiologic and causal relationships between fish oil supplement intake and the long-term risk of AF.
Methods
From the population-based UK Biobank, we selected healthy individuals without a history of AF, other cardiac arrhythmias, or cardiovascular diseases, who were not taking lipid-lowering medications or dietary supplements other than fish oil. The 10-year risk of AF in Fish-Oil-Users vs. Non-Users was evaluated in the total population and propensity-score matched cohort. The causal relationship between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and AF was evaluated using a two-sample summary-level Mendelian randomization analysis with fixed effects robust inverse-variance weighted method, using genetic instruments from previous studies genome-wide association studies for n-3 PUFA levels and AF, respectively.
Results
A total of 338,199 participants (aged 55.2±8.1, 44.3% men) were analysed. Of these, 35.0% (n=118,300) was taking fish oil supplements. The 10-year risk of AF was significantly higher in the Fish-Oil-Users than in the Non-Users (3.83% vs. 2.91%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.05, 95% CI [1.01–1.10], P=0.023). The result was consistent in the propensity-score matched cohort (propensity-score matched HR 1.06, 95% CI [1.00–1.12], P=0.043). The increased risk of AF by fish oil supplement was prominent in low-risk participants with healthy lifestyles. Among n-3 PUFA, the docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) showed significant causal estimates for the increased risk of AF (odds ratio [OR] 1.15, 95% CI [1.08–1.22], P<0.001), while higher eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels caused a decrease of AF risk (OR 0.85, 95% CI [0.80–0.90], P<0.001).
Conclusion
Fish oil supplement intake significantly increased the long-term risk of AF in a healthy population. The causal effect of fish oil intake on the risk of AF may depend on the specific types of n-3 PUFA.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Rhee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Ahn HJ, Choi EK, Lee SR, Lee SW, Han KD, Kwon S, Oh S, Gregory LIP. Impact of metabolic syndrome on the risk of ischemic stroke in non-anticoagulated atrial fibrillation patients having low CHA2DS2-VASc scores. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) predisposes to a thromboembolic state. However, conflicting results have been reported on whether MetS confers an increased risk of ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc score who are not indicated for oral anticoagulant therapy.
Purpose
We investigated the risk of ischemic stroke according to the presence of MetS, the number of MetS components (metabolic burden), and the individual metabolic components in non-anticoagulated AF patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc score.
Methods
A total of 76,015 oral anticoagulant-naïve AF patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc score (0,1 in male and 1 in female) were included from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. The status of MetS and individual metabolic components were evaluated based on health examination data within two years of AF diagnosis. We estimated the risk of ischemic stroke according to MetS, metabolic burden, and an individual component of MetS using Cox proportional-hazards models.
Results
The mean age was 49.8±11.1 years and 52,388 (68.9%) were male. The average CHA2DS2-VASc score was 0.7±0.5 and MetS was prevalent among 21,570 (28.4%) of the study population. During a mean follow-up of 5.1 years, ischemic stroke was developed in 1,395 (1.84%) patients. MetS was associated with a higher risk of ischemic stroke after adjustment for age, sex, lifestyle behaviors, low income, and cardiovascular comorbidities: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.33, p=0.002. A positive linear correlation was observed between metabolic burden and ischemic stroke risk. Patients with five MetS components showed the highest aHR of 1.55 (95% CI 1.14–2.11, Figure 1 and Figure 2), whereas those with a single MetS component had a marginal risk of ischemic stroke (aHR 1.18, 95% CI 0.99–1.41). Among individual metabolic components, elevated blood pressure and increased waist circumference was significantly associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke: aHR (95% CI), 1.45 (1.30–1.62), p<0.001, and 1.15 (1.03–1.30), p=0.016, respectively.
Conclusions
Among AF patients initially with CHA2DS2-VASc score 0 and 1 with no anticoagulation, the presence of MetS is associated with an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Given the linear incremental correlation between metabolic burden and ischemic stroke, special attention to the care of metabolic derangements is required in AF patients who are not indicated for anticoagulation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Lee
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, Catholic University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - K D Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - L I P Gregory
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Kwon S, Choi EK, Lee SR, Ahn HJ, Lee B, Oh S, Lip GYH. Atrial fibrillation detection in ambulatory patients using a smart ring powered by deep learning analysis of continuous photoplethysmography monitoring. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Atrial fibrillation (AF) detection could be effective with photoplethysmography (PPG) signal monitoring by a wearable device.
Purpose
We aimed to validate the performance of AF detection among ambulatory patients who underwent electrical cardioversion for AF using a smart ring capable of continuous PPG monitoring and deep learning analysis.
Methods
In this prospective single-arm study, participants who underwent successful electrical cardioversion for AF were enrolled. The participants equipped a smart ring (CardioTracker, Sky Labs Inc., Seongnam, Republic of Korea) after the electrical cardioversion. The smart ring then continuously monitored PPG over 14 days to detect AF recurrence. The smart ring alarmed AF episodes based on deep learning analysis of PPG. The participants were asked to measure at least three daily ECGs using the smart ring to validate AF recurrence detected by PPG. All ECG snapshots were recorded along with lead I and saved with simultaneous PPG. ECG data were examined by the three cardiologists independently (SK, SRL, and EKC). The monitoring time, analyzable proportions of monitored signals, detection rates of AF episodes, and the diagnostic performance of PPG-based deep learning were evaluated. At the end of the monitoring, a survey on the use of the smart ring was performed.
Results
A total of 35 participants (mean age 58.9 years, male 74.3%) were enrolled. Figure 1 illustrates an example of PPG monitoring and PPG-ECG snapshots by the smart ring. The study participation period was a median of 14 days and the wearing time of the smart ring was a median of 9.2 days (IQR 7.1–11.5 days). Signal artifacts during daily activity decreased the analyzable proportions of monitored PPG by 68.5%. Irregular pulse episodes were detected by the smart ring in 29 (82.9%) participants after a median of 1 day from the cardioversion (Figure 2). A total of 2532 PPG-ECG snapshots were acquired and 1623 (64.1%) were interpretable by both the cardiologists (using ECG) and the deep learning analysis (using PPG). Comparing PPG by simultaneous ECG, the performance of AF detection by the smart ring was 98.7% for sensitivity, 97.8% for specificity, 2.2% for false positives, and 1.3% for false negatives (Figure 2). After using the smart ring, 76.9% of the participants responded that they had no discomfort in using the smart ring in daily activity and another 76.9% responded that it was helpful to monitor their disease.
Conclusion
Despite the signal artifacts during daily activity, AF detection with PPG monitoring by a smart ring could be effective for AF screening among ambulatory patients.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): This work was supported by Sky Labs Inc, Seongnam, Republic of Korea, and by the grant No. 0320202040 from the Seoul National University Hospital Research Fund.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kwon
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S R Lee
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H J Ahn
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - B Lee
- Sky Labs Inc. , Seongnam , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S Oh
- Seoul National University Hospital , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G Y H Lip
- Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital , Liverpool , United Kingdom
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Oh S, Koh J, Kim T, Kim S, Youk J, Kim M, Keam B, Jeon Y, Kim D, Heo D. Treatment strategies based on the molecular subtypes of transformed small cell lung cancer (t-SCLC). Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01119-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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36
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Evidence for Nonlinear Gluon Effects in QCD and Their Mass Number Dependence at STAR. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:092501. [PMID: 36083674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.092501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The STAR Collaboration reports measurements of back-to-back azimuthal correlations of di-π^{0}s produced at forward pseudorapidities (2.6<η<4.0) in p+p, p+Al, and p+Au collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV. We observe a clear suppression of the correlated yields of back-to-back π^{0} pairs in p+Al and p+Au collisions compared to the p+p data. The observed suppression of back-to-back pairs as a function of transverse momentum suggests nonlinear gluon dynamics arising at high parton densities. The larger suppression found in p+Au relative to p+Al collisions exhibits a dependence of the saturation scale Q_{s}^{2} on the mass number A. A linear scaling of the suppression with A^{1/3} is observed with a slope of -0.09±0.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute," Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
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- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
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- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
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- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Oh S, Kim HM, Batsukh S, Sun HJ, Kim T, Kang D, Son KH, Byun K. High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Induces Adipogenesis via Control of Cilia in Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168866. [PMID: 36012125 PMCID: PMC9408610 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During skin aging, the volume of subcutaneous adipose tissue (sWAT) and the adipogenesis potential of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) decrease. It is known that the shortening of cilia length by pro-inflammatory cytokines is related to the decreased adipogenic differentiation of ASCs via increase in Wnt5a/β-catenin. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is known to upregulate heat shock proteins (HSP), which decrease levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this study, we evaluated whether HIFU modulates the cilia of ASCs by upregulating HSP70 and decreasing inflammatory cytokines. HIFU was applied at 0.2 J to rat skin, which was harvested at 1, 3, 7, and 28 days. All results for HIFU-applied animals were compared with control animals that were not treated. HIFU increased expression of HSP70 and decreased expression of NF-κB, IL-6, and TNF-α in sWAT. HIFU decreased the expression of cilia disassembly-related factors (AurA and HDAC9) in ASCs. Furthermore, HIFU increased the expression of cilia assembly-related factors (KIF3A and IFT88), decreased that of WNT5A/β-catenin, and increased that of the adipogenesis markers PPARγ and CEBPα in sWAT. HIFU increased the number of adipocytes in the sWAT and the thickness of sWAT. In conclusion, HIFU could selectively increase sWAT levels by modulating the cilia of ASCs and be used for skin rejuvenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Hyoung Moon Kim
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Sosorburam Batsukh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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Hyun J, Ryu B, Oh S, Chung DM, Seo M, Park SJ, Byun K, Jeon YJ. Reversibility of sarcopenia by Ishige okamurae and its active derivative diphloroethohydroxycarmalol in female aging mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113210. [PMID: 35689860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rapid increase in the elderly population worldwide, the number of people with sarcopenia has also increased significantly, and this disease is emerging as a medical and social issue. The development of pharmaceutics targeting sarcopenia is limited owing to the occurrence of side effects, and exercise therapy also has a limited scope of application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop safe and biocompatible agents to treat age-related sarcopenia. Ishige okamurae (IO), an edible brown alga, and its active substance, diphloroethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC), have been reported to have various physiological functions, including skeletal muscle regeneration ability. However, this effect has not been verified in an in vivo aging model. As an aging model, the oral IO extracts and DPHC supplemented 14-month-old female C57BL/6J mice were compared to the young group in this study; the mice model showed a substantial restoration of physical exercise ability with the imbalance of famine hormone and senescence-associated secretary phenotypes compared with those in young mice. Regarding the lean mass increase in aging mice following IO extract and DPHC administration, the muscular characteristics and molecular alterations in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, which are sensitive to the damage that occurs during the aging process, were significantly improved. Collectively, the current study reveals that the natural agent IO extract and its derivative DPHC can reverse sarcopenia that occurs during the process of aging by improving the imbalance of muscle regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Hyun
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, the Republic of Korea
| | - Bomi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, the Republic of Korea.
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Chung
- Shinwoo corperation. Ltd. Jinju 52839, the Republic of Korea
| | - Minyoung Seo
- Shinwoo corperation. Ltd. Jinju 52839, the Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jae Park
- Shinwoo corperation. Ltd. Jinju 52839, the Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, the Republic of Korea; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, the Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, the Republic of Korea; Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, the Republic of Korea.
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Lee E, Kim J, Bae Y, Park S, Lee J, Oh S. 022 The role of ISG15-USP18 axis in oxidative stress-induced vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Byun KA, Oh S, Yang JY, Lee SY, Son KH, Byun K. Ecklonia cava extracts decrease hypertension-related vascular calcification by modulating PGC-1α and SOD2. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113283. [PMID: 35717781 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is induced by a decrease in sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), eventually leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and phenotype alterations in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) into osteoblast-like cells in hypertension. Ecklonia cava extract (ECE) is known to increase peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) and SOD2. In this study, we evaluated the effect of ECE on decreasing VC by increasing PGC-1α which increased SOD2 activity and decreased mtROS in an in vitro VSMC model of treating serums from Wistar Kyoto (WKY), spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs), and ECE-treated SHRs. Furthermore, the decreasing effect of ECE on VC was evaluated with an in vivo SHR model. PGC-1α expression, SIRT3 expression, and SOD2 activity were decreased by the serum from the SHRs and increased by the serum from the ECE-treated SHRs in the VSMCs. PGC-1α silencing eliminated those increases. mtROS generation and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Mitochondrial fission increased in the SHRs but decreased by ECE. Mitochondrial fusion, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis were decreased in the SHRs but increased by ECE. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and calcium deposition in the medial layer of the aorta increased in the SHRs but decreased with ECE. Therefore, ECE decreases VC via the upregulation of PGC-1α and SIRT3, which increases SOD2 activity. Activated SOD2 decreases mtDNA damage and mtROS generation, which sequentially decreases NADPH oxidase activity and changes the mitochondrial dynamics, thereby decreasing VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Lee
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Republic of Korea; Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JE, Kim EY, Oh S, Lee M, Yoon D, Min HJ, Choi HS, Kim YG, Chang EJ. POS0451 DEFICIENCY OF PPM1A IN MACROPHAGE AGGRAVATES PRISTANE-INDUCED LUPUS-LIKE DISEASE. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundProtein phosphatase Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent 1A (PPM1A) is a phosphatase which regulates various intracellular cell signaling pathways including inflammation. We previously suggested that the inflammatory signal decreased the PPM1A protein level in macrophage and this reduction had correlation with the chronic inflammatory bone disease, implying the possible role of PPM1A in inflammatory responses of macrophage.ObjectivesIn this study, we aim to elucidate the potential role of PPM1A in macrophage to regulate inflammatory response during the disease progression of systemic lupus erythematosus.MethodsWe generated macrophage-specific conditional gene-knockout (PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre) mice and developed a lupus-like disease with immune complex glomerulonephritis in these PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice by intraperitoneal pristane injection. Mouse serum was collected every 4 weeks after pristane injection. Serum anti-dsDNA IgG, anti-ssDNA IgG, interleukin-17 (IL-17) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was quantified by ELISA. After 41 weeks from pristane injection, histological changes in the kidney, spleen, and lung tissues were observed. To analyze M1/M2 polarization in vitro, LysM-Cre and PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-4 (IL-4) to check M1 or M2 related genes.ResultsWe found that macrophages of PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice displayed different gene expression with LPS stimulation especially in M1/M2 related genes through the RNA-seq analysis and showed a decrease in both M1 and M2 polarization induced by LPS/IFN-γ or IL-4 stimulation. Notably, we found that PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice with pristane injection showed a significant increase of anti-ssDNA IgG compared to LysM-Cre mice. PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre mice showed severe lupus-like phenotypes such as global glomerular enlargement indicated by endocapillary proliferation and glomerular cellularity in kidney and lung inflammation accompanied by fibrosis, compared to LysM-Cre mouse by pristane injection. Together, serum IL-17 and TNF-α, which are proinflammatory cytokines, were increased in PPM1Afl/fl;LysM-Cre after pristane injection. These results indicate that PPM1A depletion in macrophage deteriorates inflammation and contributes to the tissue damage in a lupus-like disease.ConclusionOur findings suggest that the deficiency of PPM1A in macrophages impairs M1/M2 macrophage polarization leading to an immune imbalance in lupus-like disease model, providing a potential link between the loss of function of PPM1A in macrophages and its molecular target for treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus.References[1]Kwon, O. C., Choi, B., Lee, E. J., Park, J. E., Lee, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Kim, S. M., Shin, M. K., Kim, T. H., Hong, S., Lee, C. K., Yoo, B., Robinson, W. H., Kim, Y. G., & Chang, E. J. (2020). Negative Regulation of Osteoclast Commitment by Intracellular Protein Phosphatase Magnesium-Dependent 1A. Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.), 72(5), 750–760. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.41180[2]Smith, S. R., Schaaf, K., Rajabalee, N., Wagner, F., Duverger, A., Kutsch, O., & Sun, J. (2018). The phosphatase PPM1A controls monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation. Scientific reports, 8(1), 902. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18832-7Disclosure of InterestsNone declared.
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of Proton High-Order Cumulants in sqrt[s_{NN}]=3 GeV Au+Au Collisions and Implications for the QCD Critical Point. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:202303. [PMID: 35657878 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report cumulants of the proton multiplicity distribution from dedicated fixed-target Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV, measured by the STAR experiment in the kinematic acceptance of rapidity (y) and transverse momentum (p_{T}) within -0.5<y<0 and 0.4<p_{T}<2.0 GeV/c. In the most central 0%-5% collisions, a proton cumulant ratio is measured to be C_{4}/C_{2}=-0.85±0.09 (stat)±0.82 (syst), which is 2σ below the Poisson baseline with respect to both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The hadronic transport UrQMD model reproduces our C_{4}/C_{2} in the measured acceptance. Compared to higher energy results and the transport model calculations, the suppression in C_{4}/C_{2} is consistent with fluctuations driven by baryon number conservation and indicates an energy regime dominated by hadronic interactions. These data imply that the QCD critical region, if created in heavy-ion collisions, could only exist at energies higher than 3 GeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de S ao Paulo, S ao Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbaek F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Measurements of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H Lifetimes and Yields in Au+Au Collisions in the High Baryon Density Region. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:202301. [PMID: 35657899 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.202301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We report precision measurements of hypernuclei _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H lifetimes obtained from Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV and 7.2 GeV collected by the STAR experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider, and the first measurement of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H midrapidity yields in Au+Au collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=3.0 GeV. _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H, being the two simplest bound states composed of hyperons and nucleons, are cornerstones in the field of hypernuclear physics. Their lifetimes are measured to be 221±15(stat)±19(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{3}H and 218±6(stat)±13(syst) ps for _{Λ}^{4}H. The p_{T}-integrated yields of _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H are presented in different centrality and rapidity intervals. It is observed that the shape of the rapidity distribution of _{Λ}^{4}H is different for 0%-10% and 10%-50% centrality collisions. Thermal model calculations, using the canonical ensemble for strangeness, describes the _{Λ}^{3}H yield well, while underestimating the _{Λ}^{4}H yield. Transport models, combining baryonic mean-field and coalescence (jam) or utilizing dynamical cluster formation via baryonic interactions (phqmd) for light nuclei and hypernuclei production, approximately describe the measured _{Λ}^{3}H and _{Λ}^{4}H yields. Our measurements provide means to precisely assess our understanding of the fundamental baryonic interactions with strange quarks, which can impact our understanding of more complicated systems involving hyperons, such as the interior of neutron stars or exotic hypernuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - T J Humanic
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | | | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
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- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
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- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbaek
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Oh S. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: NEEDLE TO NEEDLE BIOPROCESSING OF CELL THERAPIES. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Vassilev S, Sue Y, Lim Z, Sivalingam J, Lam A, Ho V, Renia L, Malleret B, Reuveny S, Oh S. iPSC: SELECTION OF O-VE IPSC CLONES FOR HIGH-DENSITY RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IN A SCALABLE PERFUSION BIOREACTOR SYSTEM. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang HW, Oh S, Chung DM, Seo M, Park SJ, Jeon YJ, Byun K, Ryu B. Ishophloroglucin A, Isolated from Ishige okamurae, Alleviates Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Atrophy through Muscle Protein Metabolism In Vivo. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:280. [PMID: 35621931 PMCID: PMC9147101 DOI: 10.3390/md20050280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The in vitro capacity of Ishige okamurae extract (IO) to improve impaired muscle function has been previously examined. However, the mechanism underlying IO-mediated muscle protein metabolism and the role of its component, Ishophloroglucin A (IPA), in mice with dexamethasone (Dexa)-induced muscle atrophy remains unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of IO and IPA supplementation on Dexa-induced muscle atrophy by assessing muscle protein metabolism in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of mice. IO and IPA supplementation improved the Dexa-induced decrease in muscle weight and width, leading to enhanced grip strength. In addition, IO and IPA supplementation regulated impaired protein synthesis (PI3K and Akt) or degradation (muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase muscle RING finger and atrogin-1) by modulating mRNA levels in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. Additionally, IO and IPA upregulated mRNA levels associated with muscle growth activation (transient receptor potential vanilloid type 4 and adenosine A1 receptor) or inhibition (myostatin and sirtuin 1) in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle tissues of Dexa-induced mice. Collectively, these results suggest that IO and IO-derived IPA can regulate muscle growth through muscle protein metabolism in Dexa-induced muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Won Yang
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-W.Y.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Dong-Min Chung
- Shinwoo Co., Ltd., Jinju 52839, Korea; (D.-M.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Minyoung Seo
- Shinwoo Co., Ltd., Jinju 52839, Korea; (D.-M.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.P.)
| | - Shin Jae Park
- Shinwoo Co., Ltd., Jinju 52839, Korea; (D.-M.C.); (M.S.); (S.J.P.)
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-W.Y.); (Y.-J.J.)
- Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - BoMi Ryu
- Department of Marine Life Science, School of Marine Biomedical Sciences, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Korea; (H.-W.Y.); (Y.-J.J.)
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Abdallah MS, Aboona BE, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Aitbaev A, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dixit P, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Duckworth E, Dunlop JC, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Evdokimov O, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu C, Hu Q, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Isenhower D, Isshiki M, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Kelsey M, Kikoła DP, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Ko HS, Kochenda L, Korobitsin A, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lacey R, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Lewis N, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lu T, Lukow NS, Luo XF, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy Abdelwahab Abdelrahman N, Mallick D, Manukhov SL, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Okubo K, Page BS, Pak R, Pan J, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Paul A, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Perkins C, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Romero JL, Roy D, Ruan L, Sahoo AK, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Samigullin E, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sharma R, Sheikh AI, Shen DY, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Sinha P, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Song Y, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang X, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Witt R, Wu J, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yan G, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang J, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao F, Zhao J, Zhao M, Zhou C, Zhou Y, Zhu X, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Probing the Gluonic Structure of the Deuteron with J/ψ Photoproduction in d+Au Ultraperipheral Collisions. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:122303. [PMID: 35394314 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.122303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding gluon density distributions and how they are modified in nuclei are among the most important goals in nuclear physics. In recent years, diffractive vector meson production measured in ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) at heavy-ion colliders has provided a new tool for probing the gluon density. In this Letter, we report the first measurement of J/ψ photoproduction off the deuteron in UPCs at the center-of-mass energy sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV in d+Au collisions. The differential cross section as a function of momentum transfer -t is measured. In addition, data with a neutron tagged in the deuteron-going zero-degree calorimeter is investigated for the first time, which is found to be consistent with the expectation of incoherent diffractive scattering at low momentum transfer. Theoretical predictions based on the color glass condensate saturation model and the leading twist approximation nuclear shadowing model are compared with the data quantitatively. A better agreement with the saturation model has been observed. With the current measurement, the results are found to be directly sensitive to the gluon density distribution of the deuteron and the deuteron breakup process, which provides insights into the nuclear gluonic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - B E Aboona
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - A Aitbaev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - G S Averichev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Dixit
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - O Evdokimov
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- University of Calabria and INFN-Cosenza, Italy
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - C Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Q Hu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - M Isshiki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - M Kelsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H S Ko
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Korobitsin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - R Lacey
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - N Lewis
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - T Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X F Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - S L Manukhov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - K Okubo
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Pan
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Y Panebratsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - A Paul
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Roy
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A K Sahoo
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - E Samigullin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Sharma
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | | | - D Y Shen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - P Sinha
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - M J Skoby
- Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana, 47306
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - Y Song
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - D Tlusty
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - I Upsal
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - R Witt
- United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
| | - J Wu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G Yan
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510631
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - F Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - J Zhao
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - M Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - Y Zhou
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Zurek
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Abdallah MS, Adam J, Adamczyk L, Adams JR, Adkins JK, Agakishiev G, Aggarwal I, Aggarwal MM, Ahammed Z, Alekseev I, Anderson DM, Aparin A, Aschenauer EC, Ashraf MU, Atetalla FG, Attri A, Averichev GS, Bairathi V, Baker W, Ball Cap JG, Barish K, Behera A, Bellwied R, Bhagat P, Bhasin A, Bielcik J, Bielcikova J, Bordyuzhin IG, Brandenburg JD, Brandin AV, Bunzarov I, Butterworth J, Cai XZ, Caines H, Calderón de la Barca Sánchez M, Cebra D, Chakaberia I, Chaloupka P, Chan BK, Chang FH, Chang Z, Chankova-Bunzarova N, Chatterjee A, Chattopadhyay S, Chen D, Chen J, Chen JH, Chen X, Chen Z, Cheng J, Chevalier M, Choudhury S, Christie W, Chu X, Crawford HJ, Csanád M, Daugherity M, Dedovich TG, Deppner IM, Derevschikov AA, Dhamija A, Di Carlo L, Didenko L, Dong X, Drachenberg JL, Dunlop JC, Elsey N, Engelage J, Eppley G, Esumi S, Ewigleben A, Eyser O, Fatemi R, Fawzi FM, Fazio S, Federic P, Fedorisin J, Feng CJ, Feng Y, Filip P, Finch E, Fisyak Y, Francisco A, Fu C, Fulek L, Gagliardi CA, Galatyuk T, Geurts F, Ghimire N, Gibson A, Gopal K, Gou X, Grosnick D, Gupta A, Guryn W, Hamad AI, Hamed A, Han Y, Harabasz S, Harasty MD, Harris JW, Harrison H, He S, He W, He XH, He Y, Heppelmann S, Heppelmann S, Herrmann N, Hoffman E, Holub L, Hu Y, Huang H, Huang HZ, Huang SL, Huang T, Huang X, Huang Y, Humanic TJ, Igo G, Isenhower D, Jacobs WW, Jena C, Jentsch A, Ji Y, Jia J, Jiang K, Ju X, Judd EG, Kabana S, Kabir ML, Kagamaster S, Kalinkin D, Kang K, Kapukchyan D, Kauder K, Ke HW, Keane D, Kechechyan A, Khyzhniak YV, Kikoła DP, Kim C, Kimelman B, Kincses D, Kisel I, Kiselev A, Knospe AG, Kochenda L, Kosarzewski LK, Kramarik L, Kravtsov P, Kumar L, Kumar S, Kunnawalkam Elayavalli R, Kwasizur JH, Lan S, Landgraf JM, Lauret J, Lebedev A, Lednicky R, Lee JH, Leung YH, Li C, Li C, Li W, Li X, Li Y, Liang X, Liang Y, Licenik R, Lin T, Lin Y, Lisa MA, Liu F, Liu H, Liu H, Liu P, Liu T, Liu X, Liu Y, Liu Z, Ljubicic T, Llope WJ, Longacre RS, Loyd E, Lukow NS, Luo X, Ma L, Ma R, Ma YG, Magdy N, Majka R, Mallick D, Margetis S, Markert C, Matis HS, Mazer JA, Minaev NG, Mioduszewski S, Mohanty B, Mondal MM, Mooney I, Morozov DA, Mukherjee A, Nagy M, Nam JD, Nasim M, Nayak K, Neff D, Nelson JM, Nemes DB, Nie M, Nigmatkulov G, Niida T, Nishitani R, Nogach LV, Nonaka T, Nunes AS, Odyniec G, Ogawa A, Oh S, Okorokov VA, Page BS, Pak R, Pandav A, Pandey AK, Panebratsev Y, Parfenov P, Pawlik B, Pawlowska D, Pei H, Perkins C, Pinsky L, Pintér RL, Pluta J, Pokhrel BR, Ponimatkin G, Porter J, Posik M, Prozorova V, Pruthi NK, Przybycien M, Putschke J, Qiu H, Quintero A, Racz C, Radhakrishnan SK, Raha N, Ray RL, Reed R, Ritter HG, Robotkova M, Rogachevskiy OV, Romero JL, Ruan L, Rusnak J, Sahoo NR, Sako H, Salur S, Sandweiss J, Sato S, Schmidke WB, Schmitz N, Schweid BR, Seck F, Seger J, Sergeeva M, Seto R, Seyboth P, Shah N, Shahaliev E, Shanmuganathan PV, Shao M, Shao T, Sheikh AI, Shen D, Shi SS, Shi Y, Shou QY, Sichtermann EP, Sikora R, Simko M, Singh J, Singha S, Skoby MJ, Smirnov N, Söhngen Y, Solyst W, Sorensen P, Spinka HM, Srivastava B, Stanislaus TDS, Stefaniak M, Stewart DJ, Strikhanov M, Stringfellow B, Suaide AAP, Sumbera M, Summa B, Sun XM, Sun X, Sun Y, Sun Y, Surrow B, Svirida DN, Sweger ZW, Szymanski P, Tang AH, Tang Z, Taranenko A, Tarnowsky T, Thomas JH, Timmins AR, Tlusty D, Todoroki T, Tokarev M, Tomkiel CA, Trentalange S, Tribble RE, Tribedy P, Tripathy SK, Truhlar T, Trzeciak BA, Tsai OD, Tu Z, Ullrich T, Underwood DG, Upsal I, Van Buren G, Vanek J, Vasiliev AN, Vassiliev I, Verkest V, Videbæk F, Vokal S, Voloshin SA, Wang F, Wang G, Wang JS, Wang P, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wang Z, Webb JC, Weidenkaff PC, Wen L, Westfall GD, Wieman H, Wissink SW, Wu J, Wu Y, Xi B, Xiao ZG, Xie G, Xie W, Xu H, Xu N, Xu QH, Xu Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Yang C, Yang Q, Yang S, Yang Y, Ye Z, Ye Z, Yi L, Yip K, Yu Y, Zbroszczyk H, Zha W, Zhang C, Zhang D, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhang XP, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Zhou C, Zhu X, Zhu Z, Zurek M, Zyzak M. Search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect via Charge-Dependent Azimuthal Correlations Relative to Spectator and Participant Planes in Au+Au Collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=200 GeV. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 128:092301. [PMID: 35302834 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field due to imbalanced chirality of quarks in local parity and charge-parity violating domains in quantum chromodynamics. The experimental measurement of the charge separation is made difficult by the presence of a major background from elliptic azimuthal anisotropy. This background and the CME signal have different sensitivities to the spectator and participant planes, and could thus be determined by measurements with respect to these planes. We report such measurements in Au+Au collisions at a nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy of 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider. It is found that the charge separation, with the flow background removed, is consistent with zero in peripheral (large impact parameter) collisions. Some indication of finite CME signals is seen in midcentral (intermediate impact parameter) collisions. Significant residual background effects may, however, still be present.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Abdallah
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - J Adam
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - L Adamczyk
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J R Adams
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - J K Adkins
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - G Agakishiev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I Aggarwal
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | | | - Z Ahammed
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - I Alekseev
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D M Anderson
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - A Aparin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - M U Ashraf
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - A Attri
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - G S Averichev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - V Bairathi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - W Baker
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - K Barish
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - A Behera
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - R Bellwied
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - P Bhagat
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - A Bhasin
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - J Bielcik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - J Bielcikova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - I G Bordyuzhin
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | | | - A V Brandin
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - I Bunzarov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - X Z Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - H Caines
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | | | - D Cebra
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - I Chakaberia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - P Chaloupka
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B K Chan
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - F-H Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Chang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - A Chatterjee
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | | | - D Chen
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - J Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J H Chen
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Chen
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Z Chen
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J Cheng
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - M Chevalier
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - W Christie
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Chu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H J Crawford
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Csanád
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Daugherity
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - T G Dedovich
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - I M Deppner
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - A A Derevschikov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Dhamija
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - L Di Carlo
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - L Didenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - X Dong
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | - J C Dunlop
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Elsey
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - J Engelage
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - G Eppley
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Esumi
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A Ewigleben
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - O Eyser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - F M Fawzi
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Fazio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - P Federic
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Fedorisin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C J Feng
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Y Feng
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - P Filip
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - E Finch
- Southern Connecticut State University, New Haven, Connecticut 06515
| | - Y Fisyak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Francisco
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - C Fu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Fulek
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | | | - T Galatyuk
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - F Geurts
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - N Ghimire
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - A Gibson
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - K Gopal
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - X Gou
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - D Grosnick
- Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383
| | - A Gupta
- University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
| | - W Guryn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A I Hamad
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Hamed
- American University of Cairo, New Cairo 11835, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Y Han
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - S Harabasz
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - M D Harasty
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - J W Harris
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - H Harrison
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
| | - S He
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - W He
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X H He
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y He
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Heppelmann
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - S Heppelmann
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - N Herrmann
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - E Hoffman
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - L Holub
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - Y Hu
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - H Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - H Z Huang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - S L Huang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Huang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - X Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Y Huang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | | | - G Igo
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - D Isenhower
- Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699
| | - W W Jacobs
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - C Jena
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati 517507, India
| | - A Jentsch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Ji
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J Jia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - K Jiang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - X Ju
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - E G Judd
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S Kabana
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 1000000, Chile
| | - M L Kabir
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - S Kagamaster
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - D Kalinkin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - K Kang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - D Kapukchyan
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - K Kauder
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H W Ke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D Keane
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - A Kechechyan
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - Y V Khyzhniak
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - D P Kikoła
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - C Kim
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Kimelman
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - D Kincses
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - I Kisel
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - A Kiselev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A G Knospe
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - L Kochenda
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - L K Kosarzewski
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - L Kramarik
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - P Kravtsov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - L Kumar
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | | | | | - S Lan
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - J M Landgraf
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Lauret
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Lebedev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Lednicky
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - J H Lee
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y H Leung
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - C Li
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - C Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - W Li
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - X Li
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Li
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - X Liang
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - Y Liang
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242
| | - R Licenik
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - T Lin
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Y Lin
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - M A Lisa
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - F Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - H Liu
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - H Liu
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - P Liu
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - T Liu
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - X Liu
- Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Y Liu
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Z Liu
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Ljubicic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - W J Llope
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R S Longacre
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - E Loyd
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - N S Lukow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - X Luo
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - L Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - R Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y G Ma
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - N Magdy
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - R Majka
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - D Mallick
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | | | - C Markert
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - H S Matis
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - J A Mazer
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - N G Minaev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | | | - B Mohanty
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - M M Mondal
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - I Mooney
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - D A Morozov
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - A Mukherjee
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - M Nagy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J D Nam
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - Md Nasim
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Berhampur 760010, India
| | - K Nayak
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - D Neff
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J M Nelson
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - D B Nemes
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Nie
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Nigmatkulov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Niida
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - R Nishitani
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - L V Nogach
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - T Nonaka
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - A S Nunes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - G Odyniec
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - A Ogawa
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Oh
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - V A Okorokov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - B S Page
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - R Pak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - A Pandav
- National Institute of Science Education and Research, HBNI, Jatni 752050, India
| | - A K Pandey
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Y Panebratsev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - P Parfenov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - B Pawlik
- Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Cracow 31-342, Poland
| | - D Pawlowska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - H Pei
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - C Perkins
- University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - L Pinsky
- University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204
| | - R L Pintér
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - J Pluta
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - B R Pokhrel
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - G Ponimatkin
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Porter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Posik
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - V Prozorova
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - N K Pruthi
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - M Przybycien
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - J Putschke
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - H Qiu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - A Quintero
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - C Racz
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | | | - N Raha
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - R L Ray
- University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - R Reed
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - H G Ritter
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Robotkova
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | | | - J L Romero
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - L Ruan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Rusnak
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - N R Sahoo
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Sako
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - S Salur
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
| | - J Sandweiss
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - S Sato
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - N Schmitz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - B R Schweid
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - F Seck
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt 64289, Germany
| | - J Seger
- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - M Sergeeva
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R Seto
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - P Seyboth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich 80805, Germany
| | - N Shah
- Indian Institute Technology, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
| | - E Shahaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - M Shao
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - T Shao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | | | - D Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - S S Shi
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Shi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Y Shou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - E P Sichtermann
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - R Sikora
- AGH University of Science and Technology, FPACS, Cracow 30-059, Poland
| | - M Simko
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - J Singh
- Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - S Singha
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - M J Skoby
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - N Smirnov
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - Y Söhngen
- University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - W Solyst
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - P Sorensen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - H M Spinka
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - B Srivastava
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | | | - M Stefaniak
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - D J Stewart
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520
| | - M Strikhanov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | | | - A A P Suaide
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 05314-970
| | - M Sumbera
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - B Summa
- Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - X M Sun
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - X Sun
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Y Sun
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Sun
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - B Surrow
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122
| | - D N Svirida
- Alikhanov Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Moscow 117218, Russia
| | - Z W Sweger
- University of California, Davis, California 95616
| | - P Szymanski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - A H Tang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Tang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - A Taranenko
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - T Tarnowsky
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - J H Thomas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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- Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178
| | - T Todoroki
- University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - M Tokarev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | - C A Tomkiel
- Lehigh University, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
| | - S Trentalange
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - R E Tribble
- Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - P Tribedy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S K Tripathy
- ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary H-1117
| | - T Truhlar
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - B A Trzeciak
- Czech Technical University in Prague, FNSPE, Prague 115 19, Czech Republic
| | - O D Tsai
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Z Tu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - T Ullrich
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - D G Underwood
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - I Upsal
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - G Van Buren
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - J Vanek
- Nuclear Physics Institute of the CAS, Rez 250 68, Czech Republic
| | - A N Vasiliev
- NRC "Kurchatov Institute", Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia
| | - I Vassiliev
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
| | - V Verkest
- Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201
| | - F Videbæk
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - S Vokal
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141 980, Russia
| | | | - F Wang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - G Wang
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - J S Wang
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - P Wang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Wang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Y Wang
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Wang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - J C Webb
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | | | - L Wen
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - G D Westfall
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - H Wieman
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - S W Wissink
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408
| | - J Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Wu
- University of California, Riverside, California 92521
| | - B Xi
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800
| | - Z G Xiao
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - G Xie
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - W Xie
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - H Xu
- Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang 313000
| | - N Xu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Q H Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Y Xu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Z Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Xu
- University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - C Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - Q Yang
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - S Yang
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Y Yang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Ye
- Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251
| | - Z Ye
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - L Yi
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - K Yip
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Y Yu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - H Zbroszczyk
- Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw 00-661, Poland
| | - W Zha
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - C Zhang
- State University of New York, Stony Brook, New York 11794
| | - D Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - S Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - S Zhang
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | | | - Y Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026
| | - Y Zhang
- Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079
| | - Z J Zhang
- National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101
| | - Z Zhang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973
| | - Z Zhang
- University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - J Zhao
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - C Zhou
- Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433
| | - X Zhu
- Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084
| | - Z Zhu
- Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237
| | - M Zurek
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - M Zyzak
- Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies FIAS, Frankfurt 60438, Germany
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Kim HM, Byun KA, Oh S, Yang JY, Park HJ, Chung MS, Son KH, Byun K. A Mixture of Topical Forms of Polydeoxyribonucleotide, Vitamin C, and Niacinamide Attenuated Skin Pigmentation and Increased Skin Elasticity by Modulating Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-like 2. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041276. [PMID: 35209068 PMCID: PMC8879610 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
It is well-known that increased oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation induces melanogenesis and activates metalloproteinases (MMPs), which degrade collagen and elastin fibers, leading to decreased skin elasticity. Various antioxidant agents, such as vitamin C and niacinamide, have been evaluated for use as treatments for photoaging or skin pigmentation. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a topical liquid formula of polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN), vitamin C, and niacinamide (PVN) delivered via a microneedling therapy system (MTS) to attenuate photoaging and pigmentation by increasing nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NRF2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and decreasing MMP expression in a UV-B-radiated animal model. The effects of the PVN were compared with those of individual PDRN and hydroquinone (HQ) compounds. The expression of NRF2/HO-1 significantly increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated animal skin. The activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen oxidase decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and the superoxide dismutase activity increased. The expression of tumor protein p53 and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase activity decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN, and this decrease was accompanied by decreased melanin content in the skin. The expression of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells and MMP2/3/9 decreased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN in UV-B-radiated skin. However, the expression of collagen type I α1 chain and the amount of collagen fibers that were evaluated by Masson’s trichrome staining increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. The contents of elastin fibers, fibrillin 1/2 and fibulin 5 increased in response to HQ, PDRN, and PVN. In conclusion, PVN delivered via MTS led to decreased melanogenesis and destruction of collagen and elastin fibers by MMPs, and, thus, PVN decreased skin pigmentation and increased skin elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Moon Kim
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Jin Young Yang
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
| | - Hyun Jun Park
- Maylin Anti-Aging Center Apgujeong, Seoul 06005, Korea;
| | | | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (H.M.K.); (K.-A.B.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (J.Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.H.S.); (K.B.); Tel.: +82-32-460-3666 (K.H.S.); +82-32-899-6511 (K.B.)
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50
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Kang N, Oh S, Kim SY, Ahn H, Son M, Heo SJ, Byun K, Jeon YJ. Anti-obesity effects of Ishophloroglucin A from the brown seaweed Ishige okamurae (Yendo) via regulation of leptin signal in ob/ob mice. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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