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Diversity and pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: current understanding and future perspectives. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:115. [PMID: 35331225 PMCID: PMC8944054 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of bovine mastitis worldwide. Despite some improved understanding of disease pathogenesis, progress towards new methods for the control of intramammary infections (IMI) has been limited, particularly in the field of vaccination. Although herd management programs have helped to reduce the number of clinical cases, S. aureus mastitis remains a major disease burden. This review summarizes the past 16 years of research on bovine S. aureus population genetics, and molecular pathogenesis that have been conducted worldwide. We describe the diversity of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis and the geographical distribution of S. aureus clones in different continents. We also describe studies investigating the evolution of bovine S. aureus and the importance of host-adaptation in its emergence as a mastitis pathogen. The available information on the prevalence of virulence determinants and their functional relevance during the pathogenesis of bovine mastitis are also discussed. Although traits such as biofilm formation and innate immune evasion are critical for the persistence of bacteria, the current understanding of the key host-pathogen interactions that determine the outcome of S. aureus IMI is very limited. We suggest that greater investment in research into the genetic and molecular basis of bovine S. aureus pathogenesis is essential for the identification of novel therapeutic and vaccine targets.
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Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Poultry. EFSA J 2022; 19:e07114. [PMID: 34987629 PMCID: PMC8703241 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this opinion, the antimicrobial‐resistant bacteria responsible for transmissible diseases that constitute a threat to poultry health have been assessed. The assessment has been performed following a methodology based on information collected by an extensive literature review and expert judgement. Details of the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. A global state of play is provided for: Avibacterium (Haemophilus) paragallinarum, Bordetella avium, Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Escherichia coli, Gallibacterium spp., Mycoplasma synoviae, Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale, Pasteurella multocida, Riemerella anatipestifer and Staphylococcus aureus. Among those bacteria, EFSA identified Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus cecorum with ≥ 66% certainty as being the most relevant antimicrobial resistant bacteria in the EU based on the available evidence. The animal health impact of these most relevant bacteria, and their eligibility for being listed and categorised within the Animal Health Law Framework, will be assessed in separate scientific opinions.
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Thongratsakul S, Usui M, Higuchi H, Takahashi T, Sato T, Poolkhet C, Tamura Y. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated in raw milk from cows in Hokkaido, Japan. Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:1631-1637. [PMID: 31845117 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-02169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotypes and genotypes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw bovine milk in Hokkaido, Japan. S. aureus isolates were identified in 135 of 436 milk samples from cows with and without signs of mastitis from three farms in Hokkaido. These clinical isolates were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, molecular typing using phage-open-reading frame typing (POT), coagulase gene type, virulence genes, and biofilm-associated genes and were evaluated for biofilm-forming ability. Most isolates were susceptible to the antimicrobial agents tested. The highest rate of resistance was to ampicillin. Molecular typing of all S. aureus isolates indicated a predominance of coagulase type VI and 0-17-34 POT type, and virulence genes were highly prevalent in the isolates from all farms. Moreover, a high percentage of the 0-17-34 POT type isolates showed extensive formation of biofilm. These findings will help veterinarians and farmers to understand the epidemiology of S. aureus so that they can monitor the transmission and spread of this pathogen and control it more effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanya Thongratsakul
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Masaru Usui
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Higuchi
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takahashi
- Livestock Hygiene, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sato
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Chaithep Poolkhet
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Safety, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan
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Srednik ME, Crespi E, Testorelli MF, Puigdevall T, Pereyra AMD, Rumi MV, Caggiano N, Gulone L, Mollerach M, Gentilini ER. First isolation of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis in Argentina. Vet Anim Sci 2018; 7:100043. [PMID: 32734065 PMCID: PMC7386726 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This research communication describes the first isolation of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from cow's mastitic milk in Argentina. Bovine mastitis causes important economic losses in the dairy industry and the most commonly isolated bacteria from bovine mastitis are staphylococci. The mecA gene present in MRSA bacteria confers resistance to almost all β-lactam antibiotics, the most frequent drugs used in bovine mastitis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariela E. Srednik
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Elisa Crespi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - María Florencia Testorelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Tomás Puigdevall
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Ana María D. Pereyra
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - María Valeria Rumi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Caggiano
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Fisiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
| | - Lucía Gulone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Biotecnología y Genética. Junín 956, CABA C1113AAD, Argentina. CONICET
| | - Marta Mollerach
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Microbiología, Biotecnología y Genética. Junín 956, CABA C1113AAD, Argentina. CONICET
| | - Elida R. Gentilini
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Cátedra de Microbiología. Av. Chorroarín 280, CABA C1427CWO, Argentina
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Harada T, Taguchi M, Kawahara R, Kanki M, Kawatsu K. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens in Ready-to-Eat Foods Retailed in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. J Food Prot 2018; 81:1450-1458. [PMID: 30080122 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potential human health risk of Japanese ready-to-eat (RTE) foods was investigated by determining the contamination by foodborne bacterial pathogens, the prevalence of opportunistic and nosocomial pathogens, and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates recovered from 96 samples of lightly pickled vegetables, 88 samples of Western-style desserts, and 98 samples of RTE fish and seafood products sold at retail in Osaka, Japan. Staphylococcus aureus, including isolates producing staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE), were isolated from six lightly pickled vegetable products, seven Western-style dessert products, and three RTE fish and seafood products. Of these isolates, one SEC-producing isolate from a cake was identified as community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus, which was multilocus sequence type 8 and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type IV. Enterobacteriaceae species, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Citrobacter freundii-Citrobacter braakii, and/or the Enterobacter cloacae complex, were isolated from 92 (95.8%) of the lightly pickled vegetable products, 39 (44.3%) of the Western-style dessert products, and 74 (75.5%) of the RTE fish and seafood products. On the basis of the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the opportunistic and nosocomial Enterobacteriaceae pathogens, the third-generation cephalosporin, fosfomycin, and quinolone resistance determinants were investigated. We detected AmpC products of the CIT group and a qnrB9 product in 5 and 1 C. freundii-C. braakii isolates, respectively, and fosA gene products in 15 E. cloacae complex isolates. Because RTE foods are consumed without a heating process, the spread of bacterial pathogens from contaminated food to human consumers is possible. RTE foods must be handled using hygienic procedures from the processing steps to the table to reduce the prevalence of potentially pathogenic or pathogenic bacteria and to prevent bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Harada
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masumi Taguchi
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Ryuji Kawahara
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masashi Kanki
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawatsu
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Nakamichi 1-3-69, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
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Deoxynybomycins inhibit mutant DNA gyrase and rescue mice infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6947. [PMID: 25907309 PMCID: PMC4421842 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of antibiotics, but fluoroquinolone resistance (FQR) is widespread and increasing. Deoxynybomycin (DNM) is a natural-product antibiotic with an unusual mechanism of action, inhibiting the mutant DNA gyrase that confers FQR. Unfortunately, isolation of DNM is difficult and DNM is insoluble in aqueous solutions, making it a poor candidate for development. Here we describe a facile chemical route to produce DNM and its derivatives. These compounds possess excellent activity against FQR methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci clinical isolates and inhibit mutant DNA gyrase in-vitro. Bacteria that develop resistance to DNM are re-sensitized to fluoroquinolones, suggesting that resistance that emerges to DNM would be treatable. Using a DNM derivative, the first in-vivo efficacy of the nybomycin class is demonstrated in a mouse infection model. Overall, the data presented suggest the promise of DNM derivatives for the treatment of FQR infections. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics are widely used to treat serious bacterial infections, but resistance is an increasing problem. Here the authors describe the synthesis and characterization of novel deoxynybomycin derivatives that exhibit activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant infections in an in vivo model.
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López C, García JJ, Sierra M, Diez MJ, Pérez C, Sahagún AM, Fernández N. Systemic and mammary gland disposition of enrofloxacin in healthy sheep following intramammary administration. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:88. [PMID: 25889369 PMCID: PMC4396189 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0406-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mastitis is one of the most important diseases affecting dairy sheep. Antimicrobial drugs are often administered directly through teat to treat or prevent this disease, but data on drug distribution within glandular tissue are scarce and it cannot be estimated from concentrations in milk. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate systemic and mammary gland distribution of enrofloxacin after intramammary administration. The drug was administered to 6 healthy lactating Assaf sheep with an injector containing an enrofloxacin preparation (1 g drug/5 g ointment). Blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min. Animals were then sedated and sacrificed, and glandular tissue samples were obtained from treated udders at 2, 4, 6 and 8 cm height. Enrofloxacin concentrations were measured in plasma and tissue samples by UV high-performed liquid chromatography. Results Mean enrofloxacin plasma concentrations were below 0.5 μg/mL. Mean tissue concentrations decreased in mammary gland with vertical distance from the teat, ranging from 356.6 μg/g at 2 cm to 95.60 μg/g at the base of the udder. Glandular tissue concentrations best fitted to a decreasing monoexponential model, and showed a good correlation with an ex vivo model previously developed. Conclusions Enrofloxacin concentrations were effective in the entire glandular tissue against the main pathogens causing mastitis in sheep. These results suggest that this drug may be suitable to treat mastitis in sheep by intramammary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina López
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Juan José García
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Matilde Sierra
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - María José Diez
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Claudia Pérez
- Department of Animal Health, University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Ana Maria Sahagún
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
| | - Nélida Fernández
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, Campus de Vegazana s/n, 24071, León, Spain.
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Jebali A, Hekmatimoghaddam S, Kazemi B, allaveisie A, Masoudi A, Daliri K, Sedighi N, Ranjbari J. Lectin coated MgO nanoparticle: its toxicity, antileishmanial activity, and macrophage activation. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:400-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2013.870192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wendlandt S, Schwarz S, Silley P. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a food-borne pathogen? Annu Rev Food Sci Technol 2012. [PMID: 23190141 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-food-030212-182653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prior to the 1990s, most methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was hospital-associated (HA-MRSA); community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) then began to cause infections outside the health-care environment. The third significant emergence of MRSA has been in livestock animals [livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA)]. The widespread and rapid growth in CA-MRSA and LA-MRSA has raised the question as to whether MRSA is indeed a food-borne pathogen. The observations on animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transfer of LA-MRSA have prompted research examining the origin of LA-MRSA and its capacity to cause zoonotic disease in humans. This review summarizes the current knowledge about MRSA from food-producing animals and foods with respect to the role of these organisms to act as food-borne pathogens and considers the available tools to track the spread of these organisms. It is clear that LA-MRSA and CA-MRSA and even HA-MRSA can be present in/on food intended for human consumption, but we conclude on the basis of the published literature that this does not equate to MRSA being considered a food-borne pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wendlandt
- Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Neustadt-Mariensee, Germany.
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