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Ono N, Suzuki S, Kawada K, Yamaguchi T, Azuma YT. Stress decreases contraction of the colon, and the effects of stress are different among the regions of the colon. J Vet Med Sci 2022; 84:1061-1064. [PMID: 35691932 PMCID: PMC9412072 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.22-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress affects a variety of organs. Diarrhea and constipation are closely related to
stress, which involves the gastrointestinal motility of the colon. We compared the
gastrointestinal motility of the proximal, mid, and distal colon in mice with stress.
Stress was applied by water immersion restraint. Colon motility was measured using an
isotonic transducer in the direction of the circular muscles. Electric field
stimulation-induced contractions in stressed mice were reduced compared to control mice in
the proximal and distal colon. On the other hand, in the mid colon, contraction in control
mice and stressed mice were almost same. This interesting difference between the regions
may provide a clue to the functional abnormalities in gastrointestinal motility associated
with stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoshige Ono
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
| | - Koichi Kawada
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba Institute of Science
| | - Taro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University
| | - Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Veterinary Science
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Azuma YT, Suzuki S, Nishiyama K, Yamaguchi T. Gastrointestinal motility modulation by stress is associated with reduced smooth muscle contraction through specific transient receptor potential channel. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:622-629. [PMID: 33583865 PMCID: PMC8111361 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive stress response causes disability in social life. There are many diseases
caused by stress, such as gastrointestinal motility disorders, depression, eating
disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels
underlie non-selective cation currents and are downstream effectors of G protein-coupled
receptors. Ca2+ influx is important for smooth muscle contraction, which is
responsible for gastrointestinal motility. Little is known about the possible involvement
of TRP channels in the gastrointestinal motility disorders due to stress. The purpose of
this study was to measure the changes in gastrointestinal motility caused by stress and to
elucidate the mechanism of these changes. The stress model used the water immersion
restraint stress. Gastrointestinal motility, especially the ileum, was recorded responses
to electric field stimulation (EFS) by isometric transducer. EFS-induced contraction was
significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed mouse. Even under the conditions treated
with atropine, EFS-induced contraction was significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed
mouse. In addition, carbachol-induced, neurokinin A-induced, and substance P-induced
contractions were all significantly reduced in the ileum of stressed mouse. Furthermore,
the expression of TRPC3 was decreased in the ileum of stressed mouse. These results
suggest that the gastrointestinal motility disorders due to stress is associated with
specific non-selective cation channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasu-Taka Azuma
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Sho Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Division of Veterinary Science, Osaka Prefecture University Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Taro Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka 573-0101, Japan
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Molinaro P, Natale S, Serani A, Calabrese L, Secondo A, Tedeschi V, Valsecchi V, Pannaccione A, Scorziello A, Annunziato L. Genetically modified mice to unravel physiological and pathophysiological roles played by NCX isoforms. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102189. [PMID: 32199207 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the three isoforms of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX1, NCX2 and NCX3 in 1990s, many studies have been devoted to identifying their specific roles in different tissues under several physiological or pathophysiological conditions. In particular, several seminal experimental works laid the foundation for better understanding gene and protein structures, tissue distribution, and regulatory functions of each antiporter isoform. On the other hand, despite the efforts in the development of specific compounds selectively targeting NCX1, NCX2 or NCX3 to test their physiological or pathophysiological roles, several drawbacks hampered the achievement of these goals. In fact, at present no isoform-specific compounds have been yet identified. Moreover, these compounds, despite their potency, possess some nonspecific actions against other ion antiporters, ion channels, and channel receptors. As a result, it is difficult to discriminate direct effects of inhibition/activation of NCX isoforms from the inhibitory or stimulatory effects exerted on other antiporters, channels, receptors, or enzymes. To overcome these difficulties, some research groups used transgenic, knock-out and knock-in mice for NCX isoforms as the most straightforward and fruitful strategy to characterize the biological role exerted by each antiporter isoform. The present review will survey the techniques used to study the roles of NCXs and the current knowledge obtained from these genetic modified mice focusing on the advantages obtained with these strategies in understanding the contribution exerted by each isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Molinaro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Silvia Natale
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Serani
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Calabrese
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Agnese Secondo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Tedeschi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valeria Valsecchi
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Pannaccione
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, School of Medicine, "Federico II" University of Naples, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Liao QS, Du Q, Lou J, Xu JY, Xie R. Roles of Na +/Ca 2+ exchanger 1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:287-299. [PMID: 30686898 PMCID: PMC6343099 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i3.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) protein family is a part of the cation/Ca2+ exchanger superfamily and participates in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. NCX1, the most important subtype in the NCX family, is expressed widely in various organs and tissues in mammals and plays an especially important role in the physiological and pathological processes of nerves and the cardiovascular system. In the past few years, the function of NCX1 in the digestive system has received increasing attention; NCX1 not only participates in the healing process of gastric ulcer and gastric mucosal injury but also mediates the development of digestive cancer, acute pancreatitis, and intestinal absorption. This review aims to explore the roles of NCX1 in digestive system physiology and pathophysiology in order to guide clinical treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Liao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jing-Yu Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital to Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
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