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Fujiwara S, Moroki T, Hitomi M, Sato M, Terayama Y, Yoshikawa T. Pathological analysis of lesions in the exocrine pancreas of rats induced by Zinc Maltol. J Toxicol Pathol 2023; 36:205-211. [PMID: 37868114 PMCID: PMC10585244 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pancreas plays an important role in the homeostasis of zinc (Zn), a nutritionally essential metal. In several previous studies, Zn ions induced inflammatory changes in the exocrine pancreas; however, little is known about Zn complexes. In this study, we microscopically, immunohistochemically, and ultrastructurally examined pancreatic lesions in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats induced by a 4-week repeated oral dose toxicity study of Zinc Maltol (ZM), a zinc (II) complex. ZM induces acinar atrophy and increases the number of duct-like structures. Immunohistochemistry revealed a decrease in the number of trypsin-positive cells, and an increase in the number of SOX9-positive cells. Interstitial fibrosis and macrophage infiltration also correlated with the degree of acinar atrophy. Electron microscopic evaluation revealed that the acinar cells that lost granules were surrounded by fibroblasts and collagen fibers. In conclusion, we provided a detailed description of ZM-induced pancreatic lesions in SD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Fujiwara
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Takayasu Moroki
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Masaya Hitomi
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Yui Terayama
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Drug Safety Research, Preclinical Research,
Tokushima Research Center for Drug Discovery, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 463-10
Kagasuno, Kawauchi-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima 771-0192, Japan
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YAMATE J. Stem cell pathology: histogenesis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma and characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrotic lesions. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:895-906. [PMID: 37460298 PMCID: PMC10539815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of "stem cell pathology" is to establish the role of the stem cells by exploring their contribution to lesion development. The somatic stem cells are present in the body. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH; recently named "undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma") includes pluripotential undifferentiated mesenchymal stem cells as a cell element. An antibody (A3) generated by using rat MFH cells as the antigen labels somatic stem cells such as bone marrow stem cells and immature endothelial cells and pericytes, as well as immature epithelial cells in epithelialization. By using A3 and other antibodies recognizing somatic stem cells, it is considered that myofibroblasts appearing in rat fibrotic lesions are developed partly from immature hepatic stellate cells in hepatic fibrosis, immature pancreatic stellate cells in pancreatic fibrosis, pericytes/endothelial cells in neovascularization in injured tissues, as well as via the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These progenitors may be in the stem cell lineage. In this review, the author introduces the histogenesis of MFH and the characteristics of myofibroblasts appearing in fibrosis, based mainly on the author's studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoji YAMATE
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Rahman N, Kuramochi M, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Characterization of Immature Myofibroblasts of Stellate Cell or Mesenchymal Cell Origin in D-Galactosamine-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:80-90. [PMID: 33054583 DOI: 10.1177/0300985820963097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lesions of D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity resemble those of human acute viral hepatitis. This study investigated hepatic mesenchymal cells including hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and myofibroblasts in D-GalN-induced hepatotoxicity. Rats, injected with D-GalN (800 mg/kg body weight, once, intraperitoneally) were examined on post single injection (PSI) at 8 hours and days 1 to 5. Lesions consisting of hepatocyte necrosis and reparative fibrosis were present diffusely or focally within the hepatic lobules on PSI days 1 and 2, and then the injury recovered on PSI days 3 and 5. Myofibroblasts expressing vimentin, desmin, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were present in the lesions. Double immunofluorescence showed that myofibroblasts reacted simultaneously to vimentin/α-SMA, desmin/α-SMA, and desmin/vimentin; furthermore, myofibroblasts reacting to vimentin, desmin, and α-SMA also co-expressed glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a marker of HSCs. Additionally, GFAP-expressing myofibroblasts reacted to nestin and A3 (both are markers of immature mesenchymal cells). Cells reacting to Thy-1, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, also appeared in fibrotic lesions. In agreement with the myofibroblastic appearance, mRNAs of fibrosis-related factors (TGF-β1, PDGF-β, TNF-α, Timp2, and Mmp2) increased mainly on PSI days 1 and 2. Myofibroblasts with expression of various cytoskeletal proteins were present in diffuse or focal hepatic lesions, and they might be derived partly from immature HSCs and from immature mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Rahman
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Izawa
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Jyoji Yamate
- 13311Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
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Koga M, Kuramochi M, Karim MR, Izawa T, Kuwamura M, Yamate J. Immunohistochemical characterization of myofibroblasts appearing in isoproterenol-induced rat myocardial fibrosis. J Vet Med Sci 2018; 81:127-133. [PMID: 30464077 PMCID: PMC6361647 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic lesion is formed by myofibroblasts capable of producing collagens. The myofibroblasts are characterized by immunoexpressions of vimentin, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)
in varying degrees. The cellular characteristics remain investigated in myocardial fibrosis. We analyzed immunophenotypes of myofibroblasts appearing in isoproterenol-induced myocardial
fibrosis in rats until 28 days after injection (10 mg/kg body weight); the lesions developed as interstitial edema and inflammatory cell reaction on 8 hr and days 1 and 3, and fibrosis
occurred on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 by gradual deposition of collagens, showing the greatest grade on day 14; the lesions gradually reduced with sporadic scar until day 28. Myofibroblasts
expressing vimentin and α-SMA increased with a peak on day 3, and then, gradually decreased onwards. Interestingly, Thy-1 expressing cells appeared in the affected areas, apparently being
corresponding to the grade similar to vimentin- and α-SMA-positive cells. Thy-1 is expressed in immature mesenchymal cells such as pericytes with pluripotent nature. The immunoreactivity for
A3-antigen, a marker for immature mesenchymal cells, was seen in some surrounding cells. There were no cells reacting with antibodies to nestin or glial fibrillary acidic protein, although
hepatic myofibroblats have been reported to react with these antibodies. Collectively, myofibroblasts appearing in rat myocardial fibrosis may have been derived from immature mesenchymal
cells positive for Thy-1 or A3-antigen, with thereafter showing expressions of vimentin and α-SMA in differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Koga
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.,Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 14, Nishinosho-Monguchi-cho, Kisshoin, Minami-ku, Kyoto 601-8550, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kuramochi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mohammad Rabiul Karim
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Jyoji Yamate
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinku-Ourai-Kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
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