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Shang L, Yang F, Wei Y, Dai Z, Chen Q, Zeng X, Qiao S, Yu H. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Gut Microbiota Characteristics of Diarrheal Piglets Treated with Gentamicin. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1349. [PMID: 37760646 PMCID: PMC10525804 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12091349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of alterations in gut microbiota composition due to the use of antibiotics has been widely observed. However, a clear picture of the influences of gentamicin, which is employed for the treatment of bacterial diarrhea in animal production, are largely unknown. Here, we addressed this problem using piglet models susceptible to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) F4, which were treated with gentamicin. Gentamicin significantly alleviated diarrhea and intestinal injury. Through 16s RNS sequencing, it was found that gentamicin increased species richness but decreased community evenness. Additionally, clear clustering was observed between the gentamicin-treated group and the other groups. More importantly, with the establishment of a completely different microbial structure, a novel metabolite composition profile was formed. KEGG database annotation revealed that arachidonic acid metabolism and vancomycin resistance were the most significantly downregulated and upregulated pathways after gentamicin treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, we identified seven possible targets of gentamicin closely related to these two functional pathways through a comprehensive analysis. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that gentamicin therapy for diarrhea is associated with the downregulation of arachidonic acid metabolism. During this process, intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is induced, leading to increased levels of the vancomycin resistance pathway. An improved understanding of the roles of these processes will advance the conception and realization of new therapeutic and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yushu Wei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271000, China;
| | - Ziqi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.S.); (F.Y.); (Z.D.); (Q.C.); (X.Z.); (S.Q.)
- Beijing Bio-Feed Additives Key Laboratory, Beijing 100193, China
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Yoshimura M, Honda Y, Yonemitsu E, Takahashi R, Suenaga K, Waki T. Induction of antitoxic antibody and preventive effect against porcine edema disease by the pentameric Stx2eB subunit vaccine. Vet Res 2023; 54:29. [PMID: 36973816 PMCID: PMC10044737 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is an enterotoxaemia that frequently occurs in 4-12 week-old piglets and results in high mortality. ED is caused by Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e), produced by host-adapted Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. We constructed a recombinant protein in which the B subunit of Stx2e (Stx2eB) was linked to Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein (COMP)'s pentameric domain to enhance antigenicity to induce neutralizing antibodies against Stx2e. We evaluated the efficacy of this antigen as a vaccine on the farm where ED had occurred. The suckling piglets were divided into two groups. The pigs in the vaccinated group were intramuscularly immunized with the vaccine containing 30 µg/head of Stx2eB-COMP at 1 and 4 weeks of age. The control pigs were injected with saline instead of the vaccine. The neutralizing antibody titer to Stx2e, mortality, clinical score, and body weight was evaluated up to 11 weeks after the first vaccination. In the vaccinated group, the Stx2e neutralizing antibody was detected 3 weeks after the first vaccination, its titer increased during the following weeks. The antibody was not detected in the control group during the test period. The STEC gene was detected in both groups during the test period, but a typical ED was observed only in control pigs; the mortality and clinical score were significantly lower in the vaccinated group than in the control group. These data indicate that the pentameric B subunit vaccine is effective for preventing ED and offers a promising tool for pig health control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Yoshimura
- Meiji Animal Health Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-0083, Japan.
| | - Youko Honda
- Meiji Animal Health Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-0083, Japan
| | - Emi Yonemitsu
- Meiji Animal Health Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-0083, Japan
| | - Ryota Takahashi
- Meiji Animal Health Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-0083, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Suenaga
- Meiji Animal Health Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-0083, Japan
| | - Takashi Waki
- KM Biologics Co., Ltd., 1-6-1 Okubo, Kita-Ku, Kumamoto-Shi, Kumamoto, 860-8568, Japan
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HAMABATA T, SATO T, TAKITA E, MATSUI T, KAWABATA T, IMAOKA T, NAKANISHI N, TSUKAHARA T, SAWADA K. Shiga toxin 2eB-transgenic lettuce vaccine: N-glycosylation is important for protecting against porcine edema disease. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1708-1714. [PMID: 34556603 PMCID: PMC8636891 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is a life-threatening toxemia caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in weaned piglets. We previously reported that the stx2eB-transgenic lettuce 2BH strain shows potential for use as an oral vaccine candidate against ED. However, the 2BH strain expressed a hemagglutinin (HA)-tag together with Stx2eB and contained non-canonical N-glycosylation. Therefore, we developed two Stx2eB-lettuce strains, the 3 (G+) strain in which the HA-tag was removed from 2BH, and the 3 (G-) lettuce strain, in which the 73rd Asn was replaced with Ser to prevent non-canonical N-glycosylation of Stx2eB from the 3 (G+) strain. We examined the protective effect of these newly developed two strains compared with the previous 2BH strain against ED using a colostrum-deprived piglet STEC infection model. We found that the N-glycosylated 2BH and 3 (G+) strains relieved the pathogenic symptoms of ED in STEC-challenged piglets, whereas the non-glycosylated 3 (G-) strain did not. N-Glycosylation of the Stx2eB product in lettuce may be involved in the immune response in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi HAMABATA
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Toshio SATO
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Eiji TAKITA
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0293, Japan
| | - Takeshi MATSUI
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0293, Japan
| | - Takahiro KAWABATA
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0293, Japan
| | - Taishi IMAOKA
- KYODOKEN Institute, 585 Shimoitabashi, Kyoto 612-8073, Japan
| | - Nobuo NAKANISHI
- KYODOKEN Institute, 585 Shimoitabashi, Kyoto 612-8073, Japan
| | - Takamitsu TSUKAHARA
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition & Pathology, 7-2 Furuikedani, Tachikawa, Ujitawara, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi SAWADA
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., 1280 Kamiizumi, Sodegaura, Chiba 299-0293, Japan
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Hamabata T, Sato T, Takita E, Matsui T, Imaoka T, Nakanishi N, Nakayama K, Tsukahara T, Sawada K. Shiga toxin 2eB-transgenic lettuce vaccine is effective in protecting weaned piglets from edema disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1460-1467. [PMID: 31502390 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia that is caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) and is associated with high mortality. Since ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period, preweaning vaccination of newborn piglets is required. We developed stx2eB-transgenic lettuce as an oral vaccine candidate against ED and examined its protective efficacy using a piglet STEC infection model. Two serially developed Stx2eB-lettuce strains, 2BN containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 0.53 mg Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce dry weight (DW) and 2BH containing ingredient Stx2eB constituting a concentration level of 2.3 mg of Stx2eB/g of powdered lettuce DW, were evaluated in three sequential experiments. Taken the results together, oral administration of Stx2eB-lettuce vaccine was suggested to relieve the pathogenic symptoms of ED in piglets challenged with virulent STEC strain. Our data suggested that Stx2eB-lettuce is a promising first oral vaccine candidate against ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hamabata
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Sato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Takita
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Keizo Nakayama
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Ujitawara, Japan
| | | | - Kazutoshi Sawada
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Chiba, Japan
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5
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Sato T, Hamabata T, Takita E, Matsui T, Sawada K, Imaoka T, Nakanishi N, Nakayama K, Tsukahara T. Improved porcine model for Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection by deprivation of colostrum feeding in newborn piglets. Anim Sci J 2017; 88:826-831. [PMID: 28145027 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is a toxemia caused by enteric infection with Shiga toxin 2e (Stx2e)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). ED occurs most frequently during the weaning period and is manifested as emaciation associated with high mortality. In our experimental infection with a specific STEC strain, we failed to cause the suppression of weight gain in piglets, which is a typical symptom of ED, in two consecutive experiments. Therefore, we examined the effects of deprivation of colostrum on the sensitivity of newborn piglets to STEC infection. Neonatal pigs were categorized into two groups: one fed artificial milk instead of colostrum in the first 24 h after birth and then returned to the care of their mother, the other breastfed by a surrogate mother until weaning. The oral challenge with 1011 colony-forming units of virulent STEC strain on days 25, 26 and 27 caused suppression of weight gain and other ED symptoms in both groups, suggesting that colostrum deprivation from piglets was effective in enhancing susceptibility to STEC. Two successive STEC infection experiments using colostrum-deprived piglets reproduced this result, leading us to conclude that this improved ED piglet model is more sensitive to STEC infection than the previously established models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Sato
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Hamabata
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Takita
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Sodegaura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsui
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Sodegaura, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Sawada
- Advanced Technology Research Laboratories, Idemitsu Kosan Co. Ltd., Sodegaura, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | - Keizo Nakayama
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Ujitawara, Kyoto, Japan
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6
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Ebisawa M, Tsukahara T, Fudou R, Ohta Y, Tokura M, Onishi N, Fujieda T. Heat-killed cell preparation of Corynebacterium glutamicum stimulates the immune activity and improves survival of mice against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:995-1001. [PMID: 28137189 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1282804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum is used by various industries to produce L-Glutamate, and the heat-killed cell preparation of this bacterium (HCCG) is a by-product of the fermentation process. In present study, we evaluated the immunostimulating and survival effects against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC) infection of HCCG. HCCG significantly stimulated in vitro IgA and interleukin-12 p70 production in murine Peyer's patch cells and peritoneal macrophages, respectively. Oral administration of 10 mg/kg body weight (BW) of HCCG for seven consecutive days stimulated IgA concentration in murine cecal digesta. Mice were orally administered HCCG for 17 consecutive days (d0-d17), and challenged with STEC on d4 to d6. Survival of mice tended to improve by 100 mg/kg BW of HCCG administration compared with those in control group. In conclusion, HCCG supplementation was found to prevent STEC infection in mice, and thus it may have the potential to stimulate the immune status of mammals.
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7
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Hayakawa T, Masuda T, Kurosawa D, Tsukahara T. Dietary administration of probiotics to sows and/or their neonates improves the reproductive performance, incidence of post-weaning diarrhea and histopathological parameters in the intestine of weaned piglets. Anim Sci J 2016; 87:1501-1510. [PMID: 27018090 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have gained considerable attention with respect to their beneficial effects on livestock performance and health. The most significant effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota and the host animals take place when they are included in diets during particularly stressful periods such as weaning and/or at the beginning of the lactation period. The probiotics Bacillus mesentericus strain TO-A at 1 × 108 colony forming units (CFU)/g, Clostridium butyricum strain TO-A at 1 × 108 CFU/g and Enterococcus faecalis strain T-110 at 1 × 109 CFU/g were used. Litter weight at delivery and ratio of return to estrous improved significantly (17% and 24% improvement, respectively) by probiotic administration to sows (0.2% (w/w)). Furthermore, the feed intake of the probiotics-administered sows was greater than that of the control sows during the late lactation period. Post-weaning diarrheal incidence and growth performance was improved by probiotics administration to neonates (0.02% (w/w)), while the combined use of probiotics in sows and their neonates induced the enlargement of villous height and prevented muscle layer thinning in the small intestine of weaning piglets. The administration of probiotics of three species of live bacteria improved the porcine reproductive performance around stressful periods of sows (farrowing) and piglets (weaning). [Corrections added on 26 April 2016, after first online publication: 'Enterococcus faecalis strain T-100' has been corrected to 'Enterococcus faecalis strain T-110' in the above paragraph and in the 'Probiotics' section under the Materials and Methods heading.].
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Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, Oh SY, Cherla RP, Lee MS, Tesh VL, Papin J, Henderson J, Kurosawa S. Distinct renal pathology and a chemotactic phenotype after enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli shiga toxins in non-human primate models of hemolytic uremic syndrome. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:1227-38. [PMID: 23402998 PMCID: PMC3620421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli cause approximately 1.5 million infections globally with 176,000 cases occurring in the United States annually from ingesting contaminated food, most frequently E. coli O157:H7 in ground beef or fresh produce. In severe cases, the painful prodromal hemorrhagic colitis is complicated by potentially lethal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), particularly in children. Bacterial Shiga-like toxins (Stx1, Stx2) are primarily responsible for HUS and the kidney and neurologic damage that ensue. Small animal models are hampered by the inability to reproduce HUS with thrombotic microangiopathy, hemolytic anemia, and acute kidney injury. Earlier, we showed that nonhuman primates (Papio) recapitulated clinical HUS after Stx challenge and that novel therapeutic intervention rescued the animals. Here, we present detailed light and electron microscopic pathology examination of the kidneys from these Stx studies. Stx1 challenge resulted in more severe glomerular endothelial injury, whereas the glomerular injury after Stx2 also included prominent mesangiolysis and an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration. Both toxins induced glomerular platelet-rich thrombi, interstitial hemorrhage, and tubular injury. Analysis of kidney and other organs for inflammation biomarkers showed a striking chemotactic profile, with extremely high mRNA levels for IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α and elevated urine chemokines at 48 hours after challenge. These observations give unique insight into the pathologic consequences of each toxin in a near human setting and present potential pathways for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah J. Stearns-Kurosawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sun-Young Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rama P. Cherla
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - Vernon L. Tesh
- Department of Microbial and Molecular Pathogenesis, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, Texas
| | - James Papin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Henderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shinichiro Kurosawa
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Tsukahara T, Tsuruta T, Nakanishi N, Hikita C, Mochizuki M, Nakayama K. The preventive effect of Bacillus subtilus strain DB9011 against experimental infection with enterotoxcemic Escherichia coli in weaning piglets. Anim Sci J 2012; 84:316-21. [PMID: 23590505 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is caused by Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). Post-weaned piglets often suffer from ED as a result of intestinal infection with STEC, which causes impaired growth performance and high mortality. Antimicrobial therapy is a curative treatment for piglets infected with STEC, but the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant STEC has become a serious problem for Japanese pig farmers. Therefore, an alternative strategy other than antimicrobial therapy is needed for the prevention or treatment of ED. In this study, we evaluated the effect of oral administration of Bacillus subtilis DB9011 (DB9011) to prevent the experimental infection of STEC in weaning piglets. Eight 21-day-old piglets were divided into two groups: STEC challenge with the basal diet, and STEC challenge with DB9011 supplemented diet. The challenge was carried out when the animals were 25, 26 and 27 days old using STEC contained in capsules resistant against gastric digestion. All pigs were euthanized at 36 days of age. DB9011 improved the symptoms of ED and decreased the number of STEC in the ileal digesta and feces. Accordingly, oral administration of DB9011 in weaned piglets prevents ED through the suppression of the growth of STEC in the ileum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Kyoto Institute of Nutrition and Pathology, Uji-tawara, Kyoto 610-0231, Japan.
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Oanh TKN, Nguyen VK, Do TN, Goddeeris BM, De Greve H. Escherichia coli strains causing edema disease in northern Vietnam share an identical verotoxin 2e. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 42:1797-804. [PMID: 20661643 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Edema disease (ED) is a common fatal disease in newly weaned piglets. To develop an effective control program for ED, we carried out a study to better understand the incidence and spread of the disease and the characteristics of the causative agent. In our study, 69 Escherichia coli strains, isolated from 92 piglets showing clinical signs of ED from 13 provinces in northern Vietnam, were positive for both the VT2e toxin and the F18 major fimbrial subunit gene fedA. Of these, 40 strains (58%) were positive for AIDA and 16 isolates carried one or more enterotoxins. Forty-six (67%) of the 69 VT2e(+)/F18(+) E. coli isolates belonged to classical serotypes (O139:K82, O141: K85, O138:K81, and O149:K91) while the remaining strains did not belong to the common serotypes in pig. Seropathotype 0139:K82(+)/VT2e(+)/F18(+)/AIDA(+) (21 isolates) was the most frequently detected ED-causing E. coli strain. High prevalence of resistance was observed to the common drugs of tetracycline, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and spectinomycin. Multiple resistances were widely distributed with 84% of isolates resistant to five antibiotics. Sequence analysis demonstrated that the VT2e toxin is identical among E. coli strains causing ED in pig.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Nguyen Oanh
- Bacteriology Section, National Center for Veterinary Diagnosis, 11/78 Lane Giai Phong Street, Dong Da, Ha Noi, Vietnam.
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Tsukahara T, Inoue R, Shimojo N, Nakayama K, Saito S, Sato T, Itoh T, Fujita K, Ushida K. Alpha-Linked Galactooligosaccharide Suppresses Small Intestinal Eosinophil Infiltration and Improves Growth Performance in Weaning Pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:547-53. [DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo. kyoto. Japan.
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12
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Ushida K, Kameue C, Tsukahara T, Fukuta K, Nakanishi N. Decreasing traits of fecal immunoglobulin A in neonatal and weaning piglets. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 70:849-52. [PMID: 18772564 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.70.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The concentration of fecal secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in neonate and weaning piglets was measured daily from 1 day after birth to 50 days of age. The concentration of fecal sIgA started from the level of 10(4) microg/g wet feces 1 day after birth and then increased to a maximal value of up to 10(5) microg/g within a few days of birth. The values constantly declined to between 10(1) and 10(2) microg/g for the next 10 days and were relatively constant until weaning. The level of sIgA in the feces remained very low until at least 50 days of age. The vulnerability of pre- or post-weaning piglets can be explained, at least in part, by this low level of sIgA in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazunari Ushida
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Kyoto, Japan.
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Tsukahara T, Inoue R, Nakanishi N, Nakayama K, Matsubara N, Ushida K. Evaluation of the low dose level of a heat-killed and dried cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis to prevent porcine edema disease using experimental infection model with enterotoxcemic Escherichia coli in weaning pigs. J Vet Med Sci 2007; 69:103-9. [PMID: 17339752 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine edema disease (ED) is caused by Shiga toxin 2e-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). ED has become frequent in pig farms, and the use of antimicrobials has resulted in the development of antimicrobial-resistant STEC. Accordingly, the use of materials other than antimicrobials is requested for the prevention of ED. Oral administration of a heat-killed and dried cell preparation of Enterococcus faecalis strain EC-12 (EC-12) to weaning pigs was previously demonstrated to decrease animal mortality in a STEC-contaminated farm at 0.05% (w/w) dose level. In this study, pigs experimentally infected with STEC were used as a model for ED to evaluate the low dose level of EC-12 to prevent ED. Fifteen 21-day-old pigs were divided into 5 groups: STEC challenge with the basal diet, STEC challenge with EC-12 supplemented at 0.005, 0.01, or 0.05% (w/w) to the basal diet, and no STEC challenge with the basal diet. The challenge was carried out when the animals were 25, 26, and 27 days old using STEC contained in capsules resistant against gastric digestion. All pigs were euthanized at 32 days of age. The daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and palpebral edema were improved by supplementation with 0.05% EC-12, but not by the low dose levels. Accordingly, 0.05% level of supplementation was needed for EC-12 to improve clinical symptoms in weaning piglets infected by STEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamitsu Tsukahara
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Kyoto Prefectural University, Shimogamo, Japan
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