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O’Connor TW, Hick PM, Finlaison DS, Kirkland PD, Toribio JAL. Revisiting the Importance of Orthobunyaviruses for Animal Health: A Scoping Review of Livestock Disease, Diagnostic Tests, and Surveillance Strategies for the Simbu Serogroup. Viruses 2024; 16:294. [PMID: 38400069 PMCID: PMC10892073 DOI: 10.3390/v16020294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Orthobunyaviruses (order Bunyavirales, family Peribunyaviridae) in the Simbu serogroup have been responsible for widespread epidemics of congenital disease in ruminants. Australia has a national program to monitor arboviruses of veterinary importance. While monitoring for Akabane virus, a novel orthobunyavirus was detected. To inform the priority that should be given to this detection, a scoping review was undertaken to (1) characterise the associated disease presentations and establish which of the Simbu group viruses are of veterinary importance; (2) examine the diagnostic assays that have undergone development and validation for this group of viruses; and (3) describe the methods used to monitor the distribution of these viruses. Two search strategies identified 224 peer-reviewed publications for 33 viruses in the serogroup. Viruses in this group may cause severe animal health impacts, but only those phylogenetically arranged in clade B are associated with animal disease. Six viruses (Akabane, Schmallenberg, Aino, Shuni, Peaton, and Shamonda) were associated with congenital malformations, neurological signs, and reproductive disease. Diagnostic test interpretation is complicated by cross-reactivity, the timing of foetal immunocompetence, and sample type. Serological testing in surveys remains a mainstay of the methods used to monitor the distribution of SGVs. Given significant differences in survey designs, only broad mean seroprevalence estimates could be provided. Further research is required to determine the disease risk posed by novel orthobunyaviruses and how they could challenge current diagnostic and surveillance capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany W. O’Connor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; (P.M.H.); (D.S.F.); (P.D.K.)
| | - Paul M. Hick
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; (P.M.H.); (D.S.F.); (P.D.K.)
| | - Deborah S. Finlaison
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; (P.M.H.); (D.S.F.); (P.D.K.)
| | - Peter D. Kirkland
- Virology Laboratory, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, NSW 2568, Australia; (P.M.H.); (D.S.F.); (P.D.K.)
| | - Jenny-Ann L.M.L. Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia;
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Metwally S, Bkear N, Samir M, Hamada R, Elshafey B, Batiha G, Almanaa TN, Sobhy K, Badr Y. The First Serological Detection and Risk Factors Analysis of Akabane Virus in Egyptian Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1849. [PMID: 37889776 PMCID: PMC10252070 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Akabane virus (AKAV) is an insect-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus of the family Peribunyaviridae. It is the etiologic agent of Akabane disease (AD), which emerged in Asia, Australia, and the Middle East causing severe economic losses among domestic and wild animals. AKAV has not received enough attention in Egypt, and its evidence among Egyptian animals has never been reported. Therefore, this study used ELISA assay to investigate the seroprevalence of AKAV among Egyptian dairy and beef cattle in eight localities of Beheira province, north Egypt. Out of 368 investigated plasma samples, the overall AKAV seroprevalence was 54.3% (95% CI: 50.8-61.4). AKAV antibodies were detected in all examined cattle farms (7/7) and the majority of abattoirs (8/9). Age, sex, breed, and location of the tested cattle were analyzed as risk factors for AKAV infection. A higher significant increase in seropositivity was obtained in cattle who were aged >5 years (p < 0.0001; OR = 9.4), females (p < 0.0001, OR = 8.3), or Holstein breed (p < 0.0001, OR = 22.6) than in younger ages, males, and Mixed and Colombian zebu breeds, respectively. Moreover, a significant variation in AKAV seroprevalence between the tested locations was noticed. Ultimately, a multivariable analysis concluded that age (p = 0.002, OR = 3.32, 95% CI = 1.57-7.04) and breed (p = 0.03, OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.05-2.72) were significant risks for AKAV infection. In conclusion, this study is the first to detect AKAV infection in Egyptian animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samy Metwally
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
- Laboratory of Global Infectious Diseases Control Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nabil Bkear
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Marwa Samir
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Rania Hamada
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Besheer Elshafey
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Gaber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Taghreed N. Almanaa
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kamel Sobhy
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
| | - Yassien Badr
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt;
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Yoshizawa N, Shinoto M, Katayama A, Bekku R, Inatani K. An abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by Peaton virus first occurred in Shikoku region, Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 84:223-227. [PMID: 34897187 PMCID: PMC8920711 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peaton virus (PEAV) is a type of arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) belonging to the genus
Orthobunyavirus, much like Akabane virus and Aino virus. These
arboviruses cause stillbirth and congenital malformations of fetuses in ruminants. In
Japan, abnormal birth in bovine caused by PEAV were reported in Okinawa, Kyushu, and
Chugoku regions, but it has never been reported in Shikoku region. The abnormal birth
occurred in 2020 in Ehime Prefecture (Shikoku region) and suspected of being caused by
PEAV from results of clinical signs, pathological findings, and virus neutralization test
using PEAV. However, PEAV was not detected and isolated. This report describes the case of
abnormal birth in bovine suspected of being caused by PEAV first occurred in Shikoku
region, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michiko Shinoto
- Livestock Division, Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries Department, Ehime Prefectural Government
| | | | - Riko Bekku
- Ehime Nanyo Livestock Hygiene Service Center
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A new comprehensive method for detection of livestock-related pathogenic viruses using a target enrichment system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1871-1877. [PMID: 29223400 PMCID: PMC7124307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We tested usefulness of a target enrichment system SureSelect, a comprehensive viral nucleic acid detection method, for rapid identification of viral pathogens in feces samples of cattle, pigs and goats. This system enriches nucleic acids of target viruses in clinical/field samples by using a library of biotinylated RNAs with sequences complementary to the target viruses. The enriched nucleic acids are amplified by PCR and subjected to next generation sequencing to identify the target viruses. In many samples, SureSelect target enrichment method increased efficiencies for detection of the viruses listed in the biotinylated RNA library. Furthermore, this method enabled us to determine nearly full-length genome sequence of porcine parainfluenza virus 1 and greatly increased Breadth, a value indicating the ratio of the mapping consensus length in the reference genome, in pig samples. Our data showed usefulness of SureSelect target enrichment system for comprehensive analysis of genomic information of various viruses in field samples. Development of a comprehensive method to detect viruses using SureSelect system. A method by which almost the full length of the viral genome can be determined without virus isolation. Widely available methods for comprehensive analysis of virus genomic information.
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