1
|
Kangawa A, Nishimura T, Nishimura T, Otake M, Enya S, Yoshida T, Shibata M. Spontaneous Age-Related Histopathological Changes in Microminipigs. Toxicol Pathol 2019; 47:817-832. [PMID: 31337280 DOI: 10.1177/0192623319861350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microminipigs have become an attractive animal model for toxicology and pharmacology studies and for human disease models, owing to their manageable size. Although there are numerous reports of spontaneous age-related lesions in mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys, those in minipigs are scarce. In the present study, spontaneous age-related histopathological changes were investigated using 37 microminipigs (20 males and 17 females) that were 6 months to 10 years of age. Abnormal deposits of materials were evident in several animals from 6 years of age, and these deposits included amyloid in the renal medulla, thyroid gland, and adrenal gland, hyaline droplets in glomeruli, and fibrillar inclusions in neurons. Arterial sclerosing changes (intimal thickening, intimal proliferation, and medial mineralization) and proliferative lesions (hyperplasia of hepatocytes, follicular cells, Leydig cells, and uterine endometrial glands) were present at 4 years of age and beyond. Renal adenoma, uterine leiomyoma, and Leydig cell tumor were observed in several microminipigs. Moreover, glomerulosclerosis, renal interstitial fibrosis, thymic involution, and adrenocortical cell vacuolation were common in aging microminipigs. Since knowledge of age-related changes is helpful for pathologists, the basic information obtained in this study will be a useful reference for all future toxicity evaluations in microminipigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Kangawa
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Masayoshi Otake
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satoko Enya
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Shibata
- Swine and Poultry Department, Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Animal Industry, Swine and Poultry Research Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sakuma A, Wasada Ochi H, Yoshioka M, Yamanaka N, Ikezawa M, Guruge KS. Changes in hepato-renal gene expression in microminipigs following a single exposure to a mixture of perfluoroalkyl acids. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210110. [PMID: 30608957 PMCID: PMC6319762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is evident that some perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a group of globally dispersed pollutants, have long biological half-lives in humans and farm animals. However, the effects of PFAAs in domestic animals have not been fully elucidated. The present study investigated how exposure to a single dose of a mixture of 10 PFAAs influenced hepatic and renal gene expression and histopathology, as well as plasma clinical biochemistry, in microminipigs (MMPigs) over 21 days. In animals treated with PFAAs, the mRNA expression of twelve genes related to fatty acid metabolism was upregulated in the kidney, while only few of these genes were induced in the liver. The expression of several kidney injury-associated genes such as, IGFBP1, IGFBP6, GCLC X2, GCLC X3, MSGT1, OLR1 was upregulated in the kidney. Interestingly, the expression of IGFBP-genes was differentially altered in the liver and kidney. Our findings thus identified hepato-renal gene expression changes in MMPigs that were associated with various molecular pathways including peroxisome proliferation, lipid metabolism, kidney injury, and apoptosis. Furthermore, serum HDL levels were significantly decreased following exposure to PFAAs, whereas no significant histopathological changes were detected, as compared to the vehicle group. Taken together, the present study provided the first indication that a single exposure to a mixture of PFAAs can produce changes in MMPig renal gene expression that were observed three weeks post exposure, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the kidney as a primary target organ of PFAAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakuma
- Miyagi Prefectural Sendai Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Anyoji, Miyagino, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
- Cellular Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Haruyo Wasada Ochi
- Kumamoto Prefectural Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, Jyounan-mahi Shizume, Minami, Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Miyako Yoshioka
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamanaka
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Ikezawa
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keerthi S. Guruge
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Centre for Crop Health, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba Campus, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Verstegen J, Dhaliwal G, Verstegen-Onclin K. Mucometra, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and pyometra in the bitch: advances in treatment and assessment of future reproductive success. Theriogenology 2008; 70:364-74. [PMID: 18501959 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder which affects nearly one fourth of all female dogs before they reach 10 y of age. An association between pyometra and the most common uterine disease of the bitch, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, has been established, as the latter allows commensal bacteria originating from the vagina to proliferate in the uterus at the end of estrus. The progressive degenerative process in the development of cystic endometrial hyperplasia is usually proposed as the initiating lesion for pyometra in bitches; this is mediated by progesterone and potentially aggravated by estrogens. However, a separate process caused by local uterine irritation to trophoblastic reaction and bacterial proliferation has been recently proposed as an alternate mechanism leading to the development of pyometra. Pyometra is clinically distinct in pathogenesis, signs, treatment and prognosis from postpartum metritis or mucometra. Treatment of pyometra has historically involved ovariohysterectomy, however, during the last 10 y, numerous effective treatments have been proposed to treat both open and closed cervix pyometra with good success and future fertility. Among the treatments available, the use of repeated low doses of prostaglandins alone or in association with either dopamine agonists or progesterone-receptor antagonists has been demonstrated to be a viable alternative for valuable breeding dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Verstegen
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Reproduction Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heiene R, Kristiansen V, Teige J, Jansen JH. Renal histomorphology in dogs with pyometra and control dogs, and long term clinical outcome with respect to signs of kidney disease. Acta Vet Scand 2007; 49:13. [PMID: 17480218 PMCID: PMC1868749 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related changes in renal histomorphology are described, while the presence of glomerulonephritis in dogs with pyometra is controversial in current literature. Methods Dogs with pyometra were examined retrospectively for evidence of secondary renal damage and persisting renal disease through two retrospective studies. In Study 1, light microscopic lesions of renal tissue were graded and compared in nineteen dogs with pyometra and thirteen age-matched control bitches. In Study 2, forty-one owners of dogs with pyometra were interviewed approximately 8 years after surgery for evidence ofclinical signs of renal failure in order to document causes of death/euthanasia. Results Interstitial inflammation and tubular atrophy were more pronounced in dogs with pyometra than in the control animals. Glomerular lesions classified as glomerular sclerosis were present in both groups. No unequivocal light microscopic features of glomerulonephritis were observed in bitches in any of the groups. Two bitches severely proteinuric at the time of surgery had developed end stage renal disease within 3 years. In five of the bitches polyuria persisted after surgery. Most bitches did not show signs of kidney disease at the time of death/euthanasia. Conclusion Tubulointerstitial inflammation was observed, but glomerular damage beyond age-related changes could not be demonstrated by light microscopy in the dogs with pyometra. However, severe proteinuria after surgery may predispose to development of renal failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reidun Heiene
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Veronica Kristiansen
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jon Teige
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan Høgset Jansen
- Department of Basic Science and Aquatic Medicine, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, PO Box 8146 Dep., N-0033 Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugiyama A, Ozaki K, Narama I. Diffuse global granulomatous glomerulonephritis in a pig. J Vet Med Sci 2005; 67:87-90. [PMID: 15699601 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.67.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse global granulomatous glomerulonephritis with unique morphological characters was detected in a pig. The structure of the basement membrane of glomerular tufts was destroyed in almost all glomeruli. Various inflammatory cells consisted mainly of macrophages infiltrated severely into the glomerular tuft and the Bowman's space of and extended to the periglomerular interstitium. Periarteritis with fibrinoid necrosis was occasionally seen in the arterioles and small arteries running through the renal parenchyma and pelvis. In the present case, the results of either the immunohistochemical reactions to the antigens against PRRSV or PCV-2 or Ziel-Neelsen staining for acid-fast bacilli were negative and no pathogenic bacteria were cultured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Sugiyama
- Osaka City Meat Inspection Office, Nankominami, Suminoe-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thomson JR, Higgins RJ, Smith WJ, Done SH. Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome. clinical and pathological features of cases in the United Kingdom (1993-1998). JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE. A, PHYSIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, CLINICAL MEDICINE 2002; 49:430-7. [PMID: 12450193 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2002.00475.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper documents the salient clinical and pathological features of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) in 96 pigs submitted from 55 units in the UK from 1993 to 1998. This series of cases pre-dated the emergence of post-weaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in the UK. The morbidity during outbreaks was 1% or less. Affected pigs ranged from 14 to 70 kg in weight and most died after a short clinical illness. Fifty-five pigs had multifocal or coalescing erythematous skin lesions, some progressing to dermal necrosis. Biochemistry showed raised serum urea, creatinine and gamma globulin levels accompanied by proteinuria. All cases showed bilateral renal enlargement with petechiae throughout the cortices. Microscopically these renal lesions ranged in chronology from acute necrotizing glomerulitis and vasculitis with multiple hyaline casts in renal tubules to chronic glomerular sclerosis with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis. Haemorrhagic dermatitis when present was associated with necrotizing vasculitis in the dermal vessels. Vasculitis was sometimes detected in other tissues including subcutis, lymph nodes, spleen, liver, joint synovial membrane, gastric and intestinal submucosa or serosa and meninges but its frequency and distribution varied considerably in individual pigs. Immunostaining showed deposits of IgG and IgM in damaged glomeruli, renal casts and skin lesions. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the condition remain unknown but the histopathological and immunological findings suggest a systemic immune-complex disorder resulting in vasculitis with particular predilection for kidney and skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Thomson
- Scottish Agricultural College Veterinary Science Division, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shirota K, Ohtake S, Inoue K, Ikeda T, Fukuyasu T, Izuchi T, Nunoya T, Mori N. Reactivity of immunoglobulins eluted from the isolated renal glomeruli of nephritic pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae antigen. Vet Rec 2002; 151:390-2. [PMID: 12403522 DOI: 10.1136/vr.151.13.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Shirota
- Research Institute of Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shirota K, Tanaka H, Sugimoto J, Nomura Y. Alteration of anionic sites in renal glomerular basement membrane of pigs. J Vet Med Sci 1997; 59:857-62. [PMID: 9362031 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.59.857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural alteration of anionic sites (ASs) in the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) was studied in 10 cases of swine mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis using a cationic ultrastructural tracer, 0.5% polyethyleneimine (M.W. = 1,800). Glomerular ASs were seen as discrete electron-dense particles in the GBM, mesangial matrix and epithelial cell surfaces by electron microscopy. In the lamina rara externa (LRE) of the normal GBM, ASs were distributed regularly in a single layer. In those areas of the LRE that contained electron dense deposits or clusters of spherical microparticles (SMPs), however, a distinct reduction or loss of ASs was observed in all the pigs. Quantitative assessment of ASs in the LRE over 1,000 nm of the GBM revealed a significant reduction in ASs in one case with diffuse global thickening of the GBM as compared with the remaining nine pigs without GBM thickening (P < 0.001, Mann-Whitney's U-test). There were no ASs in the lamina densa (LD) of the normal GBM, but an irregular distribution of ASs was seen within the LD of the pig showing diffuse global thickening of the GBM. These results suggest that a disturbance of the charge-selective barrier in the GBM may be induced by electron-dense deposits or SMPs, in the LRE as well as thickening of the GBM in swine glomerulonephritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shirota
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Shirota K, Masaki T, Kitada H, Yanagi M, Ikeda Y, Une Y, Nomura Y, Jothy S. Renal glomerular fibrosis in two pigs. Vet Pathol 1995; 32:236-41. [PMID: 7604490 DOI: 10.1177/030098589503200304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Massive deposition of collagen fibrils was found in the renal glomeruli of two pigs. The affected pigs were a 6-month-old female hybrid pig with systemic mycobacteriosis and a retired sow showing azotemia. Microscopically, various amounts of a homogeneous eosinophilic substance were deposited within the expanded mesangium of almost all renal glomeruli in both cases. The deposit was also seen occasionally on the glomerular capillary walls in the sow. Capillary lumens were occluded in the glomerular segments with heavy deposition. Obsolescent glomeruli were often surrounded by lymphoid cells. The deposited substance was Congo red negative and stained deep blue with Heidenhain's azan staining. Immunohistochemical evaluation revealed that the major component of the homogeneous substance was type-III collagen. Electron microscopic examination showed that the deposits were masses of fibrils of variable length, width, and shape. The fibrils had transverse bands with a periodicity of approximately 60 nm, consistent with collagen fibrils. These glomerular changes were identical to those of collagenofibrotic glomerulonephropathy that has recently been described as a new glomerular disease in humans. The glomerular lesion may be the result of unusual production of type-III collagen by mesangial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Shirota
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
In this investigation, 32 cases of naturally occurring glomerulonephritis in swine were studied retrospectively (1973-1993). Almost all affected pigs were crossbred and more than half were growing pigs. Nearly two thirds of the pigs showed gross renal lesions characterized by bilateral kidney enlargement, palor, edema, and/or cortical petechiation. The most commonly encountered extrarenal lesions were serous bodily effusions and gastric ulcers. The renal disease was considered the primary cause of death in 11 pigs. Histologically, the renal lesions in all pigs were characterized by a generalized and global proliferative glomerulonephritis. Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis was diagnosed in 2 pigs, whereas the glomerular lesions found in the other pigs (30/32) were characterized by a proliferative and exudative glomerulonephritis frequently associated with crescent formation. In all pigs, there was histologic evidence of proteinuria. A focal necrotizing vasculitis was found in the kidneys of 7 pigs. Although probably of immune origin, the precise etiopathogenesis of the porcine glomerulonephritis described herein after remains unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Bourgault
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, PQ, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Shirota K, Nomura Y. Ultrastructural appearance of hyaline droplet-laden cells in the glomerular mesangium of pigs. Vet Pathol 1994; 31:705-7. [PMID: 7532340 DOI: 10.1177/030098589403100612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Shirota
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jansen JH, Nordstoga K. Glomerular lesions in fibrotic kidneys of Norwegian slaughter pigs. Light microscopic and immunohistochemical studies. ZENTRALBLATT FUR VETERINARMEDIZIN. REIHE A 1994; 41:91-101. [PMID: 8091894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.1994.tb00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
An abattoir survey of renal lesions in Norwegian slaughter pigs demonstrated the presence of a macroscopic evident nephropathy characterised by pale, slightly enlarged and fibrotic kidneys in 143 out of 668 (21.4%) examined carcasses. At light microscopy fibrotic kidneys revealed glomerular lesions characterised by a diffuse mesangial proliferative glomerulopathy. Immunohistochemical examination demonstrated mesangial and paramesangial immune complex deposition containing IgM and C3, and to a lesser degree IgA and IgG in the glomeruli of fibrotic kidneys. Our observation of glomerular lesions caused by immune complex depositions in fibrotic pig kidneys are compared with mesangial nephropathies in man.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J H Jansen
- Department of Morphology, Genetics and Aquatic Biology, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou ZY, Nordstoga K. Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis in mink with encephalitozoonosis. Acta Vet Scand 1993. [PMID: 8342467 DOI: 10.1186/bf03548225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal specimens from 6 mink with encephalitozoonosis were studied by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry. The glomeruli of affected kidneys had a mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis which was characterized by an increase in mesangial cells and matrix in most glomeruli. Some glomeruli were partially or completely sclerosed. There were protein or granular casts in the cortical and medullary tubules. Interstitial nephritis, vasculitis and tubular cysts were found. Electron microscopy demonstrated extensive matrix and increased cellularity in the mesangial areas. Glomeruli showed segmentally thickened or wrinkled capillary basement membranes. Electron dense deposits were found in the glomerular basement membranes and mesangium. Peroxidase-anti-peroxidase immunohistochemistry demonstrated that IgG and IgM positive material was present as granular deposits in the glomerular basement membrane and occasionally in the mesangium.
Collapse
|