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Son AR, Kim SH, Islam M, Miguel M, Naing YP, Lee SS. Effect of organic mineral supplementation in reducing oxidative stress in Holstein calves during short-term heat stress and recovery conditions. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 38129915 PMCID: PMC10740304 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00961-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated the effects of inorganic and organic minerals on physiological responses, oxidative stress reduction, and rumen microbiota in Holstein bull calves (123.81 ± 9.76 kg; 5 months old) during short-term heat stress (HS) and recovery periods. Eight Holstein calves were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: no mineral supplementation (Con), inorganic minerals (IM), organic minerals (OM), and high-concentration organic minerals (HOM) and two thermal environments (HS and recovery) using 4 × 2 factorial arrangement in a crossover design of four periods of 35 d. Calves were maintained in a temperature-controlled barn. The experimental period consisted of 14 d of HS, 14 d of recovery condititon, and a 7-d washing period. RESULTS Body temperature and respiration rate were higher in HS than in the recovery conditions (P < 0.05). Selenium concentration in serum was high in the HOM-supplemented calves in both HS (90.38 μg/dL) and recovery periods (102.00 μg/dL) (P < 0.05). During the HS period, the serum cortisol was 20.26 ng/mL in the HOM group, which was 5.60 ng/mL lower than in the control group (P < 0.05). The total antioxidant status was the highest in the OM group (2.71 mmol Trolox equivalent/L), followed by the HOM group during HS, whereas it was highest in the HOM group (2.58 mmol Trolox equivalent/L) during the recovery period (P < 0.05). Plasma malondialdehyde and HSP70 levels were decreased by HOM supplementation during the HS and recovery periods, whereas SOD and GPX levels were not significantly affected (P > 0.05). The principal coordinate analysis represented that the overall rumen microbiota was not influenced by mineral supplementation; however, temperature-induced microbial structure shifts were indicated (PERMANOVA: P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria decreased, whereas Fibrobacteres, Spirochaetes, and Tenericutes increased (P < 0.05), under HS conditions. The genus Treponema increased under HS conditions, while Christensenella was higher in recovery conditions (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HOM supplementation during HS reduced cortisol concentrations and increased total antioxidant status in Holstein bull calves, suggesting that high organic mineral supplementation may alleviate the adverse effects of HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Michelle Miguel
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Ye Pyae Naing
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Korea.
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Ku MJ, Miguel MA, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Ramos SC, Son AR, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Effects of Italian ryegrass silage-based total mixed ration on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood metabolites, and bacterial communities of growing Hanwoo heifers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:951-970. [PMID: 37969342 PMCID: PMC10640938 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This study utilized Italian ryegrass silage (IRGS) - based total mixed ration (TMR) as feedstuff and evaluated its effects on rumen fermentation, growth performance, blood parameters, and bacterial community in growing Hanwoo heifers. Twenty-seven Hanwoo heifers (body weight [BW], 225.11 ± 10.57 kg) were randomly allocated to three experimental diets. Heifers were fed 1 of 3 treatments as follows: TMR with oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay (CON), TMR with 19% of IRGS (L-IRGS), and TMR with 36% of IRGS (H-IRGS). Feeding high levels of IRGS (H-IRGS) and CON TMR to heifers resulted in a greater molar proportion of propionate in the rumen. The impact of different TMR diets on the BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, and feed conversion ratio of Hanwoo heifers during the growing period did not differ (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the blood metabolites, total protein, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, and total cholesterol of the heifers were not affected by the different TMR diets (p > 0.05). In terms of rumen bacterial community composition, 264 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were observed across the three TMR diets with 240, 239, and 220 OTUs in CON, L-IRGS, and H-IRGS, respectively. IRGS-based diets increased the relative abundances of genera belonging to phylum Bacteroidetes but decreased the abundances of genus belonging to phylum Firmicutes compared with the control. Data showed that Bacteroidetes was the most dominant phylum, while Prevotella ruminicola was the dominant species across the three TMR groups. The relative abundance of Ruminococcus bromii in the rumen increased in heifers fed with high inclusion of IRGS in the TMR (H-IRGS TMR). The relative abundance of R. bromii in the rumen significantly increased when heifers were fed H-IRGS TMR while P. ruminicola increased in both L-IRGS and H-IRGS TMR groups. Results from the current study demonstrate that the inclusion of IRGS in the TMR is comparable with the TMR containing high-quality forage (CON). Thus, a high level of IRGS can be used as a replacement forage ingredient in TMR feeding and had a beneficial effect of possibly modulating the rumen bacterial community toward mainly propionate-producing microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jung Ku
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam
Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Gangjin 59213,
Korea
| | - Michelle A. Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - A-Rang Son
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science
and University-Centered Laboratory, Gyeongsang National
University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and
Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922,
Korea
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Jo SU, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Choi Y, Oh DS, Bae D, Lee SS. Effects of oriental medicinal plants on the reduction of methane production mediated by microbial population. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2022.2046192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Uk Jo
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Jun Sik Eom
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Youyoung Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | | | - Dongryeoul Bae
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
- University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Korea
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Wang M, Wang H, Zheng H, Uhrin D, Dewhurst RJ, Roehe R. Comparison of HPLC and NMR for quantification of the main volatile fatty acids in rumen digesta. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24337. [PMID: 34934079 PMCID: PMC8692319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate quantification of volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in rumen fluid are essential for research on rumen metabolism. The study comprehensively investigated the pros and cons of High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and 1H Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis methods for rumen VFAs quantification. We also investigated the performance of several commonly used data pre-treatments for the two sets of data using correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The molar proportion and reliability analysis demonstrated that the two approaches produce highly consistent VFA concentrations. In the pre-processing of NMR spectra, line broadening and shim correction may reduce estimated concentrations of metabolites. We observed differences in results using multiplet of different protons from one compound and identified "handle signals" that provided the most consistent concentrations. Different data pre-treatment strategies tested with both HPLC and NMR significantly affected the results of downstream data analysis. "Normalized by sum" pre-treatment can eliminate a large number of positive correlations between NMR-based VFA. A "Combine" strategy should be the first choice when calculating the correlation between metabolites or between samples. The PCA and PLS-DA suggest that except for "Normalize by sum", pre-treatments should be used with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Wang
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Haiying Wang
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK
| | - Huiru Zheng
- School of Computing, Ulster University, Belfast, UK.
| | - Dusan Uhrin
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Alam MJ, Islam M, Jeon CO, Lee KC, Kim SH, Yang CJ, Kabir ME, Lee SS. In vitro assessment of probiotic potential of selected bacteria isolated from pig faeces with potential application of odour reduction. Int J Vet Sci Med 2021; 9:22-30. [PMID: 34277842 PMCID: PMC8259812 DOI: 10.1080/23144599.2021.1936962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the odour reduction potential of four different bacterial species such as Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Acetobacter tropicalis, and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis that were isolated from fresh faeces of pigs and identified based on16S rDNA gene sequence analyses. Faecal slurry in anaerobic salt medium with 1% soluble starch (which was served as control group) and the addition of four different isolated bacterial cultures (1.0 × 107CFU/mL), designated as M1, M2, M3, and M4, respectively, were incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. Total gas production was increased with the incubation period (p < 0.05). M1 and M4 had decreased pattern (p < 0.05) of ammonia and hydrogen sulphide gas from 12 to 24 h. The lowest total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.05), highest lactate, and moderate butyrate concentration was observed in the M1 group at 24 h of incubation. Likewise, M1 group had the lowest total biogenic amine, histamine, ethylamine, putrescine, methylamine, and cadaverine compared to the other groups (p < 0.05) at 24 h of incubation. Overall results suggest that E. faecium can be used as a potent odour reducer in pigs production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jahangir Alam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea.,Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Che-Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science & Research Center for Biomolecules and Biosystems, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Choon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M Enayet Kabir
- Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
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Islam M, Kim SH, Son AR, Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Yu Z, Kang SH, Cho YI, Lee SS, Cho KK, Lee SS. Seasonal Influence on Rumen Microbiota, Rumen Fermentation, and Enteric Methane Emissions of Holstein and Jersey Steers under the Same Total Mixed Ration. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1184. [PMID: 33924248 PMCID: PMC8074768 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonal effects on rumen microbiome and enteric methane (CH4) emissions are poorly documented. In this study, 6 Holstein and 6 Jersey steers were fed the same total mixed ration diet during winter, spring, and summer seasons under a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement for 30 days per season. The dry matter intake (DMI), rumen fermentation characteristics, enteric CH4 emissions and rumen microbiota were analyzed. Holstein had higher total DMI than Jersey steers regardless of season. However, Holstein steers had the lowest metabolic DMI during summer, while Jersey steers had the lowest total DMI during winter. Jersey steers had higher CH4 yields and intensities than Holstein steers regardless of season. The pH was decreased, while ammonia nitrogen concentration was increased in summer regardless of breed. Total volatile fatty acids concentration and propionate proportions were the highest in winter, while acetate and butyrate proportion were the highest in spring and in summer, respectively, regardless of breed. Moreover, Holstein steers produced a higher proportion of propionate, while Jersey steers produced a higher proportion of butyrate regardless of season. Metataxonomic analysis of rumen microbiota showed that operational taxonomic units and Chao 1 estimates were lower and highly unstable during summer, while winter had the lowest Shannon diversity. Beta diversity analysis suggested that the overall rumen microbiota was shifted according to seasonal changes in both breeds. In winter, the rumen microbiota was dominated by Carnobacterium jeotgali and Ruminococcus bromii, while in summer, Paludibacter propionicigenes was predominant. In Jersey steers, Capnocytophaga cynodegmi, Barnesiella viscericola and Flintibacter butyricus were predominant, whereas in Holstein steers, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens and Gilliamella bombicola were predominant. Overall results suggest that seasonal changes alter rumen microbiota and fermentation characteristics of both breeds; however, CH4 emissions from steers were significantly influenced by breeds, not by seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- Faculty of Medicine, Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea;
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (M.I.); (S.-H.K.); (A-R.S.); (S.C.R.); (C.-D.J.)
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Islam M, Kim SH, Ramos SC, Mamuad LL, Son AR, Yu Z, Lee SS, Cho YI, Lee SS. Holstein and Jersey Steers Differ in Rumen Microbiota and Enteric Methane Emissions Even Fed the Same Total Mixed Ration. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:601061. [PMID: 33868186 PMCID: PMC8044996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.601061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have focused on the rumen microbiome and enteric methane (CH4) emissions in dairy cows, yet little is known about steers, especially steers of dairy breeds. In the present study, we comparatively examined the rumen microbiota, fermentation characteristics, and CH4 emissions from six non-cannulated Holstein (710.33 ± 43.02 kg) and six Jersey (559.67 ± 32.72 kg) steers. The steers were fed the same total mixed ration (TMR) for 30 days. After 25 days of adaptation to the diet, CH4 emissions were measured using GreenFeed for three consecutive days, and rumen fluid samples were collected on last day using stomach tubing before feeding (0 h) and 6 h after feeding. CH4 production (g/d/animal), CH4 yield (g/kg DMI), and CH4 intensity (g/kg BW0.75) were higher in the Jersey steers than in the Holstein steers. The lowest pH value was recorded at 6 h after feeding. The Jersey steers had lower rumen pH and a higher concentration of ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N). The Jersey steers had a numerically higher molar proportion of acetate than the Holstein steers, but the opposite was true for that of propionate. Metataxonomic analysis of the rumen microbiota showed that the two breeds had similar species richness, Shannon, and inverse Simpson diversity indexes. Principal coordinates analysis showed that the overall rumen microbiota was different between the two breeds. Both breeds were dominated by Prevotella ruminicola, and its highest relative abundance was observed 6 h after feeding. The genera Ethanoligenens, Succinivibrio, and the species Ethanoligenens harbinense, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Prevotella micans, Prevotella copri, Prevotella oris, Prevotella baroniae, and Treponema succinifaciens were more abundant in Holstein steers while the genera Capnocytophaga, Lachnoclostridium, Barnesiella, Oscillibacter, Galbibacter, and the species Capnocytophaga cynodegmi, Galbibacter mesophilus, Barnesiella intestinihominis, Prevotella shahii, and Oscillibacter ruminantium in the Jersey steers. The Jersey steers were dominated by Methanobrevibacter millerae while the Holstein steers by Methanobrevibacter olleyae. The overall results suggest that sampling hour has little influence on the rumen microbiota; however, breeds of steers can affect the assemblage of the rumen microbiota and different mitigation strategies may be needed to effectively manipulate the rumen microbiota and mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from these steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sonny C Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - A-Rang Son
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sung-Sil Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yong-Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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Eom JS, Lee SJ, Lee Y, Kim HS, Choi YY, Kim HS, Kim DH, Lee SS. Effects of supplementation levels of Allium fistulosum L. extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics and methane emission. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9651. [PMID: 32913673 PMCID: PMC7456525 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminants release the majority of agricultural methane, an important greenhouse gas. Different feeds and additives are used to reduce emissions, but each has its drawbacks. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of Allium fistulosum L. (A. fistulosum) extract on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, and on methane emission. METHODS Rumen fluid was taken from two cannulated rumen Hanwoo cow (with mean initial body weight 450 ± 30 kg, standard deviation = 30). Rumen fluid and McDougall's buffer (1:2; 15 mL) were dispensed anaerobically into 50 mL serum bottles containing 300 mg (DM basis) of timothy substrate and A. fistulosum extracts (based on timothy substrate; 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, or 9%). This experiment followed a completely randomized design performed in triplicate, using 126 individual serum bottles (six treatments × seven incubation times × three replicates). RESULTS Dry matter degradability was not significantly affected (p-value > 0.05) by any A. fistulosum treatment other than 1% extract at 24 h incubation. Methane emission linearly decreased A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 and 24 h incubation (p-value < 0.0001; p-value = 0.0003, respectively). Acetate concentration linearly decreased (p-value = 0.003) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 12 h incubation. Methanogenic archaea abundance tendency decreased (p-value = 0.055) in the 1%, 7%, and 9% A. fistulosum extract groups compared to that in the 0% group, and quadratically decreased (p-value < 0.0001) as A. fistulosum extract concentration increased at 24 h incubation. CONCLUSION A. fistulosum extract had no apparent effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics or dry matter degradability. However, it reduced methane emission and methanogenic archaea abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sik Eom
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Ja Lee
- Insitute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sang Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - You Young Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeong Suk Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hyung Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Gyeongbuk Provincial College, Yecheon, Gyeongsangbukdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
- Insitute of Agriculture and Life Science & University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnamdo, Republic of Korea
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Miguel M, Mamuad L, Ramos S, Ku MJ, Jeong CD, Kim SH, Cho YI, Lee SS. Effects of using different roughages in the total mixed ration inoculated with or without coculture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bacillus subtilis on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Anim Biosci 2020; 34:642-651. [PMID: 32898945 PMCID: PMC7961279 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.20.0386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to determine the effects of different roughages in total mixed ration (TMR) inoculated with or without coculture of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Methods Three TMRs formulations composed of different forages were used and each TMR was grouped into two treatments: non-fermented TMR and fermented TMR (F-TMR) (inoculated with coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis). After fermentation, the fermentation, chemical and microbial profile of the TMRs were determined. The treatments were used for in vitro rumen fermentation to determine total gas production, pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Microbial populations were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). All data were analyzed as a 3×2 factorial arrangement design using the MIXED procedure of Statistical Analysis Systems. Results Changes in the fermentation (pH, lactate, acetate, propionate, and NH3-N) and chemical composition (moisture, crude protein, crude fiber, and ash) were observed. For in vitro rumen fermentation, lower rumen pH, higher acetate, propionate, and total VFA content were observed in the F-TMR group after 24 h incubation (p<0.05). F-TMR group had higher acetate concentration compared with the non-fermented group. Total VFA was highest (p<0.05) in F-TMR containing combined forage of domestic and imported source (F-CF) and F-TMR containing Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage (F-IRS-CS) than that of TMR diet containing oat, timothy, and alfalfa hay. The microbial population was not affected by the different TMR diets. Conclusion The use of Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage, as well as the inoculation of coculture of L. acidophilus and B. subtilis, in the TMR caused changes in the pH, lactate and acetate concentrations, and chemical composition of experimental diets. In addition, F-TMR composed with Italian ryegrass silage and corn silage altered ruminal pH and VFA concentrations during in vitro rumen fermentation experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Miguel
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Lovelia Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sonny Ramos
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Min Jung Ku
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Gangjin 59213, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Ku MJ, Lee SS. Effect of γ-aminobutyric acid producing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, growth performance, and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020; 33:1087-1095. [PMID: 32054167 PMCID: PMC7322657 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.19.0785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and on the growth performance and meat quality of Hanwoo steers. Methods The effects of GPB (Lactobacillus brevis YM 3-30)-produced and commercially available GABA were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation. Using soybean meal as a substrate, either GPB-produced or commercially available GABA were added to the in vitro rumen fermentation bottles, as follows: control, no additive; T1, 2 g/L GPB; T2, 5 g/L GPB; T3, 2 g/L autoclaved GPB; T4, 5 g/L autoclaved GPB; T5, 2 g/L GABA; and T6, 5 g/L GABA. In addition, 27 Hanwoo steers (602.06±10.13 kg) were subjected to a 129-day feeding trial, during which they were fed daily with a commercially available total mixed ration that was supplemented with different amounts of GPB-produced GABA (control, no additive; T1, 2 g/L GPB; T2, 5 g/L GPB). The degree of marbling was assessed using the nine-point beef marbling standard while endotoxin was analyzed using a Chromo-Limulus amebocyte lysate test. Results In regard to in vitro rumen fermentation, the addition of GPB-produced GABA failed to significantly affect pH or total gas production but did increase the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration (p<0.05) and reduce total biogenic amines (p<0.05). Animals fed the GPB-produced GABA diet exhibited significantly lower levels of blood endotoxins than control animals and yielded comparable average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and beef marbling scores. Conclusion The addition of GPB improved in vitro fermentation by reducing biogenic amine production and by increasing both antioxidant activity and NH3-N production. Moreover, it also reduced the blood endotoxin levels of Hanwoo steers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Min Jung Ku
- Livestock Research Institute, Jeonnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Gangjin 59213, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Kim SH, Mamuad LL, Islam M, Lee SS. Reductive acetogens isolated from ruminants and their effect on in vitro methane mitigation and milk performance in Holstein cows. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:1-13. [PMID: 32082593 PMCID: PMC7008121 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in
vivo effects of reductive acetogens isolated from ruminants on
methane mitigation, and milk performance, respectively. Four acetogens,
Proteiniphilum acetatigenes DA02, P.
acetatigenes GA01, Alkaliphilus crotonatoxidans
GA02, and P. acetatigenes GA03 strains were isolated from
ruminants and used in in vitro experiment. A control (without
acetogen) and a positive group (with Eubacterium limosum ATCC
8486) were also included in in vitro experiment. Based on
higher acetate as well as lower methane producing ability in in
vitro trial, P. acetatigenes GA03 was used as
inoculum for in vivo experiment. Holstein dairy cows (n = 14)
were divided into two groups viz. control (without) and GA03 group (diet
supplied with P. acetatigenes GA03 at a feed rate of 1%
supplementation). Milk performance and blood parameters were checked for both
groups. In in vitro, the total volatile fatty acids and acetate
production were higher (p < 0.05) in all 4 isolated
acetogens than the control and positive treatment. Also, all acetogens
significantly lowered (p < 0.05) methane production in
comparison to positive and control groups however, GA03 had the lowest
(p < 0.05) methane production among 4 isolates. In
in vivo, the rate of milk yield reduction was higher
(p < 0.05) in the control than GA03 treated group
(5.07 vs 2.4 kg). Similarly, the decrease in milk fat was also higher in control
(0.14% vs 0.09%) than treatment. The somatic cell counts (SCC;
×103/mL) was decreased from 128.43 to 107.00 in acetogen
treated group however, increased in control from 138.14 to 395.71. In addition,
GA03 increased blood glucose and decreased non-esterified fatty acids. Our
results suggest that the isolated acetogens have the potential for in
vitro methane reduction and P. acetatigenes GA03
strain could be a candidate probiotic strain for improving milk yield and milk
fat in lactating cows with lowering SCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Biswas AA, Yu Z, Cho KK, Kim SB, Lee K, Lee SS. Rumen fermentation and microbial community composition influenced by live Enterococcus faecium supplementation. AMB Express 2019; 9:123. [PMID: 31363877 PMCID: PMC6667549 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-019-0848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of appropriate probiotics can improve the health and productivity of ruminants while mitigating environmental methane production. Hence, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Enterococcus faecium SROD on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and microbial population structure. Ruminal samples were collected from ruminally cannulated Holstein–Friesian cattle, and 40:60 rice straw to concentrate ratio was used as substrate. Fresh culture of E. faecium SROD at different inclusion rates (0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) were investigated using in vitro rumen fermentation system. Addition of E. faecium SROD had a significant effect on total gas production with the greatest effect observed with 0.1% supplementation; however, there was no significant influence on pH. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest propionate (P = 0.005) but the lowest methane concentration (P = 0.001). In addition, acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations in treatments were comparatively higher than control. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the predominance of the bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the archaeal phylum Euryarchaeota. At the genus level, Prevotella (15–17%) and Methanobrevibacter (96%) dominated the bacterial and archaeal communities of the in vitro rumen fermenta, respectively. Supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest quantities of total bacteria and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, whereas 1.0% E. faecium SROD resulted in the highest contents of total fungi and Fibrobacter succinogenes. Overall, supplementation of 0.1% E. faecium SROD significantly increased the propionate and total volatile fatty acids concentrations but decreased the methane concentration while changing the microbial community abundance and composition.
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Sharifi M, Taghizadeh A, Khadem AA, Hosseinkhani A, Mohammadzadeh H. Effects of nitrate supplementation and forage level on gas production, nitrogen balance and dry-matter degradation in sheep. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of nitrate supplementation on dry-matter (DM) degradation and ruminal fermentation parameters by using in vitro gas production and in situ technique. In vitro gas production and in situ DM degradation in the presence or absence of nitrate were recorded at all incubation times. At all incubation times, diets incubated with nitrate gave a significantly lower gas production than did the other diets, except at 2-h incubation. Ruminal DM degradation did not differ among the experimental treatments. Furthermore, at most incubation times, total volatile fatty acids in diets containing nitrate were lower than those in the other treatments. Nitrate supplementation considerably increased gas production from the insoluble fraction, whereas it decreased gas production from the quickly soluble fraction, and potential gas production. Moreover, in all incubations, there were significant correlations between gas production and in situ DM-degradation parameters. The control diet had the greatest retained nitrogen content, but the diets containing nitrate had the greatest faecal nitrogen. The results showed that nitrate addition resulted in a lower gas production and volatile fatty acid production in in vitro assay. It was concluded that considering the strong posetive relationship between the two methodologies, the degradability parameters can be predicted from obtained gas production.
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Biswas AA, Lee SS, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Lee C, Lee K, Bae GS, Lee SS. Effects of illite supplementation on in vitro and in vivo rumen fermentation, microbial population and methane emission of Hanwoo steers fed high concentrate diets. Anim Sci J 2017; 89:114-121. [PMID: 28960611 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding supplemental illite to Hanwoo steers on methane (CH4 ) emission and rumen fermentation parameters. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was conducted using a commercial concentrate as substrate and illite was added at different concentrations as treatments: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% illite. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were different (P < 0.05) at 24 h of incubation where the highest total VFA was observed at 1.0% of illite. Conversely, lowest CH4 production (P < 0.01) was found at 1.0% of illite. In the in vivo experiment, two diets were provided, without illite and with addition of 1% illite. An automated head chamber (GreenFeed) system was used to measure enteric CH4 production. Cattle received illite supplemented feed increased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentrations in the rumen compared with those fed control. Feeding illite numerically decreased CH4 production (g/day) and yield (g/kg dry matter intake). Rumen microbial population analysis indicated that the population of total bacteria, protozoa and methanogens were lower (P < 0.05) for illite compared with the control. Accordingly, overall results suggested that feeding a diet supplemented with 1% illite can have positive effects on feed fermentation in the rumen and enteric CH4 mitigation in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Biswas
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21+, IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea.,Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, OARDC, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Soriano AP, Cho KK, Lee K, Bae GS, Lee SS. Increased propionate concentration in Lactobacillus mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains and during in vitro rumen fermentation. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 123:29-40. [PMID: 28425572 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to isolate and identify propionate-producing bacteria that can be used as an inoculum in improving wet brewers grains and rumen fermentation via increasing propionate concentration. METHODS AND RESULTS A strain of Lactobacillus that exhibits high levels of propionate production was identified and characterized as Lactobacillus mucosae 521129 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. Wet brewers grains were fermented through L. mucosae inoculation and resulted in an increase in propionate concentration. Fermented wet brewers grains were used in in vitro rumen fermentation and revealed that L. mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains produced more gas and had higher accumulations propionate and total volatile fatty acid (VFA) than the control. The fewest methanogen DNA copies were detected in L. mucosae-fermented wet brewers grains. CONCLUSION Identified L. mucosae improved the fermentation of wet brewers grains and the in vitro rumen fermentation via increasing propionate and total VFA concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The presented research provided the identification of L. mucosae 521129 as a propionate producer and was metabolically profiled. Furthermore, data present the putative application of this organism in improving the fermentation of wet brewers grains and in vitro rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - A P Soriano
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea.,Small Ruminant Center, Central Luzon State University, Science City of Muñoz, Nueva Ecija, Philippines
| | - K K Cho
- Department of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, Gyeongsang, Korea
| | - K Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - G S Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - S S Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam, Korea
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Park JM, Shin JA, Lee JH, Lee KT. Development of a quantitative method for organic acid in wine and beer using high performance liquid chromatography. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:349-355. [PMID: 30263549 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to compare the organic acid content in liquors (red wine, white wine, and beer) using three different high-performance liquid chromatography analysis methods. Post-column reaction methods (method 2 and 3) were found to be more promising than UV-detection method (method 1). Using method 2 (two columns), the analyzed red wine was found to contain 2,652.4 mg/L tartaric acid and 1,392.9 mg/L lactic acid but relatively lower amounts of malic acid (271.0 mg/L). Furthermore, tartaric acid (1,160.8-2,749.1 mg/L) and malic acid (470.2-3,107.9 mg/L) were the major components in white wine. Beers were analyzed using method 3 (one column). In the analyzed foreign beers, lactic acid (95.9-226.4 mg/L), malic acid (62.2-110.5 mg/L), acetic acid (93.5-183.8 mg/L), and succinic acid (37.0-56.2 mg/L) were detected. Similar to the foreign beers, the contents of succinic acid in the domestic beers were the lowest. The proposed methods could be useful for quantitative analysis of organic acids in wine and beer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Park
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jung-Ah Shin
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
| | - Jeung Hee Lee
- 2Department of Food Nutrition, Daegu University, Daegu, 38453 Korea
| | - Ki-Teak Lee
- 1Department of Food Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134 Korea
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Biswas AA, Lee SS, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Bae GS, Lee K, Sung HG, Lee SS. Use of Lysozyme as a Feed Additive on In vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Emission. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2016; 29:1601-1607. [PMID: 27703130 PMCID: PMC5088380 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.16.0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effect of lysozyme addition on in vitro rumen fermentation and to identify the lysozyme inclusion rate for abating methane (CH4) production. An in vitro ruminal fermentation technique was done using a commercial concentrate to rice straw ratio of 8:2 as substrate. The following treatments were applied wherein lysozyme was added into 1 mg dry matter substrate at different levels of inclusion: Without lysozyme, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 U lysozyme. Results revealed that, lysozyme addition had a significant effect on pH after 24 h of incubation, with the highest pH (p<0.01) observed in 8,000 U lysozyme, followed by the 4,000 U, 2,000 U, and without lysozyme. The highest amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid (p<0.01) and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) (p<0.05) were found in 8,000 U after 24 h of incubation. The CH4 concentration was the lowest in the 8,000 U and the highest in the without lysozyme addition after 24 h of incubation. There was no significant differences in general bacteria, methanogen, or protozoan DNA copy number. So far, addition of lysozyme increased the acetate, propionate, TVFA, and decreased CH4 concentration. These results suggest that lysozyme supplementation may improve in vitro rumen fermentation and reduce CH4 emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A Biswas
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 , IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 456-756, Korea
| | - Kichoon Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ha-Guyn Sung
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
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Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Ko JY, Sung HG, Park KK, Lee YK, Lee SS. Rumen fermentation and performance of Hanwoo steers fed total mixed ration with Korean rice wine residue. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 58:4. [PMID: 26807266 PMCID: PMC4722661 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-016-0084-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding Korean rice wine residue (RWR) in total mixed ration (TMR) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and growth performance of growing Hanwoo steers. Methods For in vitro fermentation, the experimental treatments were Control (Con: 0 % RWR + TMR), Treatment 1 (T1: 10 % RWR + TMR), and Treatment 2 (T2: 15 % RWR + TMR). The rumen fluid was collected from three Hanwoo steers and mixed with buffer solution, after which buffered rumen fluid was transferred into serum bottles containing 2 g dry matter (DM) of TMR added with or without RWR. The samples were then incubated for 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h at 39 °C and 100 rpm. For the in vivo experiment, 27 Hanwoo steers (6 months old) with an average weight of 196 ± 8.66 kg were subjected to a 24-week feeding trial. The animals were randomly selected and equally distributed into three groups. After which the body weight, feed intake and blood characteristics of each group were investigated. Results The pH of the treatments decreased significantly relative to the control during the 12 h of incubation. Total gas production and ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) was not affected by RWR addition. The total volatile fatty acid (VFA) was lower after 24 h of incubation but at other incubation times, the concentration was not affected by treatments. Feed cost was 8 % and 15 % lower in T1 and T2 compared to control. Blood alcohol was not detected and a significant increase in total weight gain and average daily gain were observed in Hanwoo steers fed with RWR. Conclusion Overall, the results of this study suggest that TMR amended with 15 % RWR can be used as an alternative feed resource for ruminants to reduce feed cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Youl Ko
- National Agricultural Cooperative Federation, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 456-824 South Korea
| | - Ha Guyn Sung
- Adbiotech Co. Ltd., Chun-Cheon City, 200-880 Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Kyu Park
- Animal Resources Research Center, School of Animal Life and Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 South Korea
| | - Yoo Kyung Lee
- Rural Development Administration, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanjugun, Jeollabukdo, South Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeonnam 57922 Republic of Korea
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Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Choi YJ, Soriano AP, Cho KK, Jeon CO, Lee SS, Lee SS. Effect of Soybean Meal and Soluble Starch on Biogenic Amine Production and Microbial Diversity Using In vitro Rumen Fermentation. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 28:50-7. [PMID: 25557675 PMCID: PMC4283188 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SM) and soluble starch (SS) on biogenic amine production and microbial diversity using in vitro ruminal fermentation. Treatments comprised of incubation of 2 g of mixture (expressed as 10 parts) containing different ratios of SM to SS as: 0:0, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, or 0:10. In vitro ruminal fermentation parameters were determined at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h of incubation while the biogenic amine and microbial diversity were determined at 48 h of incubation. Treatment with highest proportion of SM had higher (p<0.05) gas production than those with higher proportions of SS. Samples with higher proportion of SS resulted in lower pH than those with higher proportion of SM after 48 h of incubation. The largest change in NH3-N concentration from 0 to 48 h was observed on all SM while the smallest was observed on exclusive SS. Similarly, exclusive SS had the lowest NH3-N concentration among all groups after 24 h of incubation. Increasing methane (CH4) concentrations were observed with time, and CH4 concentrations were higher (p<0.05) with greater proportions of SM than SS. Balanced proportion of SM and SS had the highest (p<0.05) total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) while propionate was found highest in higher proportion of SS. Moreover, biogenic amine (BA) was higher (p<0.05) in samples containing greater proportions of SM. Histamines, amine index and total amines were highest in exclusive SM followed in sequence mixtures with increasing proportion of SS (and lowered proportion of SM) at 48 h of incubation. Nine dominant bands were identified by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and their identity ranged from 87% to 100% which were mostly isolated from rumen and feces. Bands R2 (uncultured bacterium clone RB-5E1) and R4 (uncultured rumen bacterium clone L7A_C10) bands were found in samples with higher proportions of SM while R3 (uncultured Firmicutes bacterium clone NI_52), R7 (Selenomonas sp. MCB2), R8 (Selenomonas ruminantium gene) and R9 (Selenomonas ruminantium strain LongY6) were found in samples with higher proportions of SS. Different feed ratios affect rumen fermentation in terms of pH, NH3-N, CH4, BA, volatile fatty acid and other metabolite concentrations and microbial diversity. Balanced protein and carbohydrate ratios are needed for rumen fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Dae Jeong
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Yeon Jae Choi
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Alvin P Soriano
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Kwang Keun Cho
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Che-Ok Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Sung Sil Lee
- Division of Applied Science, Graduate School of Gyeongsang National University, IALS, Jinju 660-701, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Resource Technology, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 660-758, Korea
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Kim SH, Mamuad LL, Jeong CD, Choi YJ, Lee SS, Ko JY, Lee SS. In vitro Evaluation of Different Feeds for Their Potential to Generate Methane and Change Methanogen Diversity. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:1698-707. [PMID: 25049760 PMCID: PMC4092884 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 08/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Optimization of the dietary formulation is the most effective way to reduce methane. Nineteen feed ingredients (brans, vegetable proteins, and grains) were evaluated for their potential to generate methane and change methanogen diversity using an in vitro ruminal fermentation technique. Feed formulations categorized into high, medium and low production based on methane production of each ingredient were then subjected to in vitro fermentation to determine the real methane production and their effects on digestibility. Methanogen diversity among low, medium and high-methane producing groups was analyzed by PCR-DGGE. The highest methane production was observed in Korean wheat bran, soybean and perilla meals, and wheat and maize of brans, vegetable protein and cereal groups, respectively. On the other hand, corn bran, cotton seed meal and barley led to the lowest production in the same groups. Nine bacteria and 18 methanogen 16s rDNA PCR-DGGE dominant bands were identified with 83% to 99% and 92% to 100% similarity, respectively. Overall, the results of this study showed that methane emissions from ruminants can be mitigated through proper selection of feed ingredients to be used in the formulation of diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Chang-Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jae Choi
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Jong-Youl Ko
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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Ku BS, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Soriano AP, Lee HI, Nam KC, Ha JK, Lee SS. Effect of γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Producing Bacteria on In vitro Rumen Fermentation, Biogenic Amine Production and Anti-oxidation Using Corn Meal as Substrate. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 26:804-11. [PMID: 25049853 PMCID: PMC4093236 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects and significance of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) producing bacteria (GPB) on in vitro rumen fermentation and reduction of biogenic amines (histamine, methylamine, ethylamine, and tyramine) using corn meal as a substrate were determined. Ruminal samples collected from ruminally fistulated Holstein cows served as inoculum and corn was used as substrate at 2% dry matter (DM). Different inclusion rates of GPB and GABA were evaluated. After incubation, addition of GPB had no significant effect on in vitro fermentation pH and total gas production, but significantly increased the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) concentration and reduced the total biogenic amines production (p<0.05). Furthermore, antioxidation activity was improved as indicated by the significantly higher concentration of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) among treated samples when compared to the control (p<0.05). Additionally, 0.2% GPB was established as the optimum inclusion level. Taken together, these results suggest the potential of utilizing GPB as feed additives to improve growth performance in ruminants by reducing biogenic amines and increasing anti-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum Seung Ku
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Lovelia L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Seon-Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Alvin P Soriano
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Ho-Il Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Ki-Chang Nam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Jong K Ha
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Korea
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Mamuad L, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Choi YJ, Jeon CO, Lee SS. Effect of fumarate reducing bacteria on in vitro rumen fermentation, methane mitigation and microbial diversity. J Microbiol 2014; 52:120-8. [PMID: 24500476 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-014-3518-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways involved in hydrogen (H(2)) production, utilization and the activity of methanogens are the important factors that should be considered in controlling methane (CH(4)) emissions by ruminants. H(2) as one of the major substrate for CH(4) production is therefore should be controlled. One of the strategies on reducing CH(4) is through the use of hydrogenotrophic microorganisms such as fumarate reducing bacteria. This study determined the effect of fumarate reducing bacteria, Mitsuokella jalaludinii, supplementation on in vitro rumen fermentation, CH(4) production, diversity and quantity. M. jalaludinii significantly reduced CH(4) at 48 and 72 h of incubation and significantly increased succinate at 24 h. Although not significantly different, propionate was found to be highest in treatment containing M. jalaludinii at 12 and 48 h of incubation. These results suggest that supplementation of fumarate reducing bacteria to ruminal fermentation reduces CH(4) production and quantity, increases succinate and changes the rumen microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lovelia Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, College of Bio-industry Science, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 540-742, Republic of Korea
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Alam MJ, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Jeong CD, Sung HG, Cho SB, Jeon CO, Lee K, Lee SS. Effect of Phytogenic Feed Additives in Soybean Meal on In vitro Swine Fermentation for Odor Reduction and Bacterial Community Comparison. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013; 26:266-74. [PMID: 25049786 PMCID: PMC4093152 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different phytogenic feed additives on reducing odorous compounds in swine was investigated using in vitro fermentation and analyzed their microbial communities. Soybean meal (1%) added with 0.1% different phytogenic feed additives (FA) were in vitro fermented using swine fecal slurries and anaerobically incubated for 12 and 24 h. The phytogenic FAs used were red ginseng barn powder (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer, FA1), persimmon leaf powder (Diospyros virginiana L., FA2), ginkgo leaf powder (Ginkgo biloba L., FA3), and oregano lippia seed oil extract (Lippia graveolens Kunth, OL, FA4). Total gas production, pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2−-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3−-N), sulfate (SO4−−), volatile fatty acids (VFA) and other metabolites concentration were determined. Microbial communities were also analyzed using 16S rRNA DGGE. Results showed that the pH values on all treatments increased as incubation time became longer except for FA4 where it decreased. Moreover, FA4 incubated for 12 and 24 h was not detected in NH3-N and H2S. Addition of FAs decreased (p<0.05) propionate production but increased (p<0.05) the total VFA production. Ten 16S rRNA DGGE bands were identified which ranged from 96 to 100% identity which were mostly isolated from the intestine. Similarity index showed three clearly different clusters: I (FA2 and FA3), II (Con and FA1), and III (FA4). Dominant bands which were identified closest to Eubacterium limosum (ATCC 8486T), Uncultured bacterium clone PF6641 and Streptococcus lutetiensis (CIP 106849T) were present only in the FA4 treatment group and were not found in other groups. FA4 had a different bacterial diversity compared to control and other treatments and thus explains having lowest odorous compounds. Addition of FA4 to an enriched protein feed source for growing swine may effectively reduce odorous compounds which are typically associated with swine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Alam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - L L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - C D Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - H G Sung
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - S B Cho
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - C O Jeon
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - K Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
| | - Sang S Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742 Korea
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Characterization, metabolites and gas formation of fumarate reducing bacteria isolated from Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae). J Microbiol 2012; 50:925-31. [PMID: 23274978 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-012-2497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate reducing bacteria, able to convert fumarate to succinate, are possible to use for the methane reduction in rumen because they can compete for H(2) with methanogens. In this, we isolated fumarate reducing bacteria from a rumen of Korean native goat and characterized their molecular properties [fumarate reductase A gene (frdA)], fumarate reductase activities, and productions of volatile fatty acids and gas. Eight fumarate reducing bacteria belonging to Firmicutes were isolated from rumen fluid samples of slaughtered Korean black goats and characterized their phylogenetic positions based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. PCR based analyses showed that only one strain, closely related to Mitsuokella jalaludinii, harbored frdA. The growths of M. jalaludinii and Veillonella parvula strains were tested for different media. Interestingly, M. jalaludinii grew very well in the presence of hydrogen alone, while V. parvula grew well in response of fumarate and fumarate plus hydrogen. M. jalaludinii produced higher levels of lactate (P≤0.05) than did V. parvula. Additionally, M. jalaludinii produced acetate, but not butyrate, whereas V. parvula produced butyrate, not acetate. The fumarate reductase activities of M. jalaludinii and V. parvula were 16.8 ± 0.34 and 16.9 ± 1.21 mmol NADH oxidized/min/mg of cellular N, respectively. In conclusion, this showed that M. jalaludinii can be used as an efficient methane reducing agent in rumen.
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Alam MJ, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Sung HG, Kim DW, Cho SB, Lee K, Jeon CO, Lee SS. Bacterial Community Dynamics during Swine In vitro Fermentation Using Starch as a Substrate with Different Feed Additives for Odor Reduction. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2012; 25:690-700. [PMID: 25049615 PMCID: PMC4093107 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted by in vitro fermentation and bacterial community analysis to investigate the reduction of odorous compounds in response to the use of feed additives (FA) during carbohydrate overload in growing pigs. Soluble starch at 1% (control) and various FA at 0.1% Ginseng meal (FA1); Persimmon leaf (FA2); Gingko nut (FA3) and Oregano lippia (FA4) were added to fecal slurry and incubated anaerobically for 12 and 24 h. In vitro parameters and microbial diversity of the dominant bacteria following fermentation were analyzed using Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), band cloning and sequencing of the V3 region. Results showed that total gas production increased with the advancement of incubation (p<0.05). pH values of FAs and control groups were decreased except the FA4 group which increased somewhat from 12 to 24 h (p<0.05). Ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and H2S gas concentrations were comparatively lower in both stages in FA4 treatment than in the other groups (p<0.05). Hence, NH3-N concentrations in liquid phases were increased (p<0.05) from 12 to 24 h, but the trend was lowest in FA4 than in the other groups at both stages. The total VFA production was comparatively lower and butyrate levels were moderate in FA4 group than in the the other groups during both stages (p<0.05). Indirect odor-reducing compounds such as NO2, NO3 and SO4 concentrations were higher in the FA4 and FA3 than in the other groups at 24 h (p<0.05). After fermentation, ten dominant bands appeared, six of which appeared in all samples and four in only the FA4 treated group. The total number of DGGE bands and diversity was higher in the FA4-group compared to other groups. Additionally, similarity indices were lowest (71%) in the FA4, which represented a different bacterial community compared with the other groups. These findings indicate that NH3-N, H2S and VFA production was minimal, and pH was also better in the FA4 group than in the other groups. Furthermore, the conversion of odor-reducing indirect compounds or their intermediates was higher in the FA4 group in compared to the other groups. FA4 group generated less odorous products and more indirect products by in vitro fermentation at 24 h, and their microbial pattern appeared to differ from that of the other groups. These findings suggest that this particular FA could change the microbial population, which may have a beneficial effect on odor reduction. It is recommended that the oregano lippia may be supplied to growing pigs as FA along with excess carbohydrate sources to reduce the production of odorous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md J Alam
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea ; Department of Animal Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka-1207, Bangladesh
| | - C D Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - L L Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
| | - H G Sung
- Adbiotech Co. Ltd., Chun-Cheon City 200-880, Korea
| | - D W Kim
- Swine Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Cheonan, 330-801, Korea
| | - S B Cho
- Animal Environment Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Suwon, 441-706, Korea
| | - K Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University, 2029 Fyffe Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - C O Jeon
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Korea
| | - Sang S Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Jeonnam 540-742, Korea
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Azuma R, Murakami S, Ogawa A, Okada Y, Miyazaki S, Makino T. Arcanobacterium abortisuis sp. nov., isolated from a placenta of a sow following an abortion. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 59:1469-73. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.004465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bleiberg B, Steinberg JJ, Katz SD, Wexler J, LeJemtel T. Determination of plasma lactic acid concentration and specific activity using high-performance liquid chromatography. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 1991; 568:301-8. [PMID: 1783635 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(91)80167-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of lactate metabolism is of particular interest during exercise and in disease states such as diabetes, shock, and absorptive abnormalities of short-chain fatty acids by the colon. We describe an analytical method that introduces radio-active tracers and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to simultaneously analyze concentrations and specific activities (SAs) of plasma lactate. The HPLC conditions included separation on a reversed-phase column (octadecylsilane) and an isocratic buffer (30% acetonitrile in water). [3H]Acetate served as an internal standard. Lactate and acetate were extracted from plasma samples with diethyl ether following a pH adjustment to less than 1.0 and back-extracted into a hydrophilic phase with sodium carbonate (2 mM, pH greater than 10.0). Lactate is detected in the ultraviolet range (242 and 320 nm) by derivatization with alpha-bromoacetophenone. Control plasma samples were studied after an overnight fast for precision and analytical recovery. Calibration curves were linear in the range 0.18-6.0 mM (r = 0.92). The precision was 3% and the analytical recovery was 87%. The detection limit of the method was 36 pmol. Determination of lactate metabolism was performed in a patient with chronic congestive heart failure who was administered primed-continuous L-[U-14C]lactate (10 microCi bolus and 0.3 microCi/min continuously) during a 60-min rest period. Mean arterial lactate concentration and SA were 1.69 +/- 0.2 mM and 253.8 +/- 22 dpm/mumol, respectively. Systemic lactate turnover was 25.65 mumol/kg per min. Lactic acid systemic turnover, organ uptake and release rates can be accurately determined by isocratic HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bleiberg
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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