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Childress S, Shrestha N, Anekwe K, Small E, McKay M. Barriers to Help-Seeking for Domestic Violence in Kyrgyzstan: Perspectives of Criminal Justice, Social, Health, and Educational Professionals. GLOBAL SOCIAL WELFARE : RESEARCH, POLICY & PRACTICE 2022; 9:179-192. [PMID: 37293550 PMCID: PMC10249667 DOI: 10.1007/s40609-022-00226-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Research with survivors of domestic violence (DV) suggests that most do not seek supportive services from formal organizations. The purpose of this study is to understand the structural and legal barriers that prevent survivors of DV from seeking help in Kyrgyzstan from the perspectives of professionals within the areas of law enforcement, judicial system, social, health, and educational sectors working directly with survivors. Methods We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews and 8 focus groups with 83 professionals who are employed as domestic violence or legal advocates, psychologists, healthcare providers, educators, and law enforcement officials who had worked with the survivors of DV in their current positions. We analyzed the data using a multistep strategy derived from grounded theory methods. Results The findings of the study highlighted six structural barriers: (1) financial dependence on the abuser, (2) stigma and shame of seeking help, (3) few crisis centers and rigid acceptance criteria for temporary protection, (4) the normalization and societal acceptance of abuse, (5) a lack of property rights for women, and (6) distrust of formal services. The participants indicated five legal barriers, including the following: (1) insufficient sanctions for abusers, (2) unclear provisions and inadequate enforcement of law, (3) a low likelihood of prosecution, (4) poor procedures, stereotypes of survivors, and revictimization during investigations, and (5) protection for abusers who work in positions of power. Conclusions The structural and legal barriers that survivors face when seeking help are formidable challenges that will require extensive support from professionals working in the fields of criminal justice, social work, and public health. Findings suggest that both short-term and longer-term interventions that require sustainability of prevention efforts are necessary to address barriers to help-seeking identified in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Childress
- Arlington School of Social Work, University of Texas, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019-0129, USA
| | - Nibedita Shrestha
- Arlington School of Social Work, University of Texas, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019-0129, USA
| | - Kendall Anekwe
- Arlington School of Social Work, University of Texas, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019-0129, USA
| | - Eusebius Small
- Arlington School of Social Work, University of Texas, 211 S. Cooper St., Box 19129, Arlington, TX 76019-0129, USA
| | - Mary McKay
- Office of the Provost, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Campus, Box 1072-0105-02, St. Louis, MO 63130-4899, USA
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Oğuztürk Ö, Demir N, Bülbül S, Türkel Y, Ünlü E. Exposure to domestic violence and its effects on adolescents: A survey among Turkish students. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2019; 32:210-219. [PMID: 31642153 DOI: 10.1111/jcap.12257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Exposure to domestic violence is an important social problem. What remains unknown are the effects of domestic violence on Turkish adolescents. METHODS This study was performed in Kırıkkale, Turkey, to determine the state of verbal and/or physical domestic violence and its effects on adolescent behavior. A total of 1,807 students (44.4% female and 55.6% male) with a mean age of 15.1 ± 1.6 years at two high schools and five elementary schools were enrolled in the study and completed questionnaires that surveyed their exposure to domestic violence and its possible relationship to their disruptive behaviors. FINDINGS Twenty-three percent of the students were exposed to violence. Among those, 75% had been exposed to violence within the family, 53% by their friends and 17% by their teachers. Of those exposed to domestic violence, 70% were exposed only verbally and 24% only physically. The economic level of the family, gender, marital status of the parents, and education level of the father were significant factors on violence exposure within the family. The results showed that the rates of being involved in a fight, getting injured at a fight, using a gun, bringing knives (mostly pocket knives) to school and using it were higher in children exposed to domestic violence than with the children who were not. CONCLUSIONS To address the impact of domestic violence on teens and possibly decrease the adolescent's violent behavior and its consequences, policies aiming to reduce violence in the social environments of adolescents are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Oğuztürk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Nefise Demir
- Department of Psychiatry, Karabuk Traning and Researching Hospital, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Selda Bülbül
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Yakup Türkel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Erdal Ünlü
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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D'Agostino EM, Frazier SL, Hansen E, Patel HH, Ahmed Z, Okeke D, Nardi MI, Messiah SE. Two-Year Changes in Neighborhood Juvenile Arrests After Implementation of a Park-Based Afterschool Mental Health Promotion Program in Miami-Dade County, Florida, 2015-2017. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:S214-S220. [PMID: 31241997 PMCID: PMC6595515 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To examine the association of Fit2Lead, an afterschool park-based youth mental health promotion program, and neighborhood juvenile arrests (2015-2017) in Miami-Dade County, Florida. Methods. We tracked juvenile (ages 12-17 years) arrest rates over 2 years of program implementation across zip codes matched by (1) park and (2) baseline sociodemographics and youth arrests. Fit2Lead mental and physical health, meditation, resilience, and life skills activities were offered in 12 high-need areas for youths (n = 501) aged 12 to 17 years. We tested the association of Fit2Lead implementation (binary variable) and change in juvenile arrest rates by zip code, adjusting for area-level gender, age, race/ethnicity, single-parent households, and poverty. Results. Fit2Lead was offered in areas composed of 48% male youths, 60% Hispanics, 29% non-Hispanic Blacks, 33% single-parent households, and 33% of residents living in poverty. After covariate adjustment, zip codes with Fit2Lead implementation showed a significant mean reduction (P < .001) in youth arrests per 10 000 youths aged 12 to 17 years per year compared with zip codes without program implementation (b = -6.9; 95% confidence interval = -9.21, -4.65). Conclusions. Park-based programs may have the potential to promote mental health and resilience, and also to prevent violence among at-risk youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M D'Agostino
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Stacy L Frazier
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Eric Hansen
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Hersila H Patel
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Zafar Ahmed
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Deidre Okeke
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Maria I Nardi
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
| | - Sarah E Messiah
- Emily M. D'Agostino, Eric Hansen, Hersila H. Patel, Zafar Ahmed, Deirdre Okeke, and Maria I. Nardi are with Miami-Dade Parks, Recreation, and Open Spaces Department, Miami, FL. Stacy L. Frazier is with Florida International University, Department of Psychology, Miami. At the time of the study, Sarah E. Messiah was with University of Miami, Department of Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Miami
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Garthe RC, Sullivan TN, Farrell A. Dating violence perpetration and perceived parental support for fighting and nonviolent responses to conflict: An autoregressive cross-lagged model. J Adolesc 2018; 68:221-231. [PMID: 30149249 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study examined longitudinal and bidirectional relationships between adolescent perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolent responses to conflict and dating violence perpetration. These relationships were examined among a sample of predominately African American youth from an economically disadvantaged urban neighborhood in the United States, a group of adolescents who may be at a high risk for dating violence and for receiving a mixture of parental support for how to respond in conflict situations. METHOD Participants were 1014 early adolescents (51% female, 91% African American) who were currently dating or had been recently dating. Adolescents completed measures on their perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolent responses to conflict, as well as dating violence perpetration. RESULTS Using an autoregressive cross-lagged path analysis across four time points, perceptions of parental support for fighting were inversely associated with changes in perceived parental support for nonviolent responses to conflict, but not with changes in dating violence over time. However, perceived parental support for nonviolent responses to conflict were inversely associated with changes in dating violence perpetration over time. CONCLUSIONS Although parents in high-burden communities may give a mixture of messages about how to handle conflict, encouraging parents to provide messages supporting nonviolent responses to conflict may protect youth from perpetrating violence within their dating relationships. These findings inform future research directions and dating violence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Garthe
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, School of Social Work, 1010 W. Nevada Street, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
| | - Terri N Sullivan
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
| | - Albert Farrell
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, 806 W. Franklin Street, Richmond, VA 23284, USA.
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Ferguson CJ, Miguel CS, Kilburn JC, Sanchez P. The Effectiveness of School-Based Anti-Bullying Programs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0734016807311712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Youth violence, including bullying and other serious violent behaviors, has received increased political and scientific attention over the past several decades. Although violent behavior among youth and in the schools has declined over the past decade, the victimization of children by other children in school settings remains a major issue of concern. In response, a number of prevention and intervention programs have been developed to reduce the incidence of bullying and violence in schools. This meta-analysis attempted to examine the effect of school-based anti-bullying programs. Results suggested a significant effect for anti-bullying programs ( r = .12). However, this result seemed to be slightly influenced by publication bias and did not meet the adopted threshold for “practical significance.” The effect for programs targeted specifically at at-risk youth was slightly better, but overall, anti-bullying programs produce little discernible effect on youth participants. Reasons that anti-bullying programs may produce little effective change are discussed.
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Sadeghi S, Farajzadegan Z, Kelishadi R, Heidari K. Aggression and Violence among Iranian Adolescents and Youth: A 10-year Systematic Review. Int J Prev Med 2015; 5:S83-96. [PMID: 26157572 PMCID: PMC4476012 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.157663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although the overwhelming majority of Iranian adolescents are well-adjusted, a substantial group exhibits high levels of maladjustment and deficient functioning. Escalation of criminal violence among the youth population has become a major public policy issue and a serious public health problem. In reviewing a 10-year literature, this article aimed to describe and propose primary assumptions regarding the correlates of aggressive and violent behaviors in Iranian adolescents and youth. Methods: Bibliographic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar along with Iranian databases including PubMed, IranMedex, Magiran, Irandoc, Psychoinfo, and Emrofor Scientific Information Database, and Magiran constituted the databases which we searched for the relevant literature. Overall 98 articles met the inclusion criteria, allowing us to initiate the discussion. Results: Reportedly, prevalence of violence and aggression among the Iranian adolescents and youth ranged from 30% to 65.5% while males being 2½ times more affected than females. The role of gender, family environment, family size, socioeconomic status, and victimization in perpetuating the circumstances was apparent. Conclusions: Relatively high prevalence of violence and aggression among Iranian youth and adolescents is a warning sign and a great challenge to the social system. Reviewed studies suffer from certain methodological and conceptual limitations. Undertaking community-based studies to estimate the actual extent of the problem is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ziba Farajzadegan
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Kamal Heidari
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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van Rensburg EJ, Raubenheimer J. Does forgiveness mediate the impact of school bullying on adolescent mental health? J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2014; 27:25-39. [PMID: 25531584 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2014.955502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The link between both bullying and victimisation and psychopathology has been well established. Forgiveness has been associated with better mental health. However, few studies have examined the relationship between adolescent forgiveness, psychopathology and bullying/victimisation. This study investigated forgiveness as a mediator of the adverse mental health problems experienced by bullies and victims of bullying. METHOD Participants were 355 Year 10 or Year 11 pupils (age = 14.9 years) from two British secondary schools in 2007, who completed self-administered measures on bullying and victimisation, mental health, forgiveness of self and others, and forgivingness. The mediating influence of forgiveness on the impact of bullying/victimisation on mental health was tested with a structural equation model. RESULTS Data from 55.6% of the 639 eligible pupils were analysed. Results confirmed an association between bullying/victimisation, forgiveness and psychopathology. Forgiveness scores were found to play a mediating role between bullying/victimisation and psychopathology. CONCLUSIONS Victimised adolescents who were better able to forgive themselves were more likely to report lower levels of psychopathology, while bullying adolescents who were unable to forgive others were more likely to report higher levels of psychopathology. This suggests a greater role for forgiveness within future research, intervention and policy on bullying. Forgiveness can form a valuable part of preventative and educational anti-bullying programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estie Janse van Rensburg
- a Department of Psychology , University of Pretoria , Humanities Building, 11th Floor, Room 11-23, Lynnwood Road, Pretoria 0002 , South Africa
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A multivariate analysis of youth violence and aggression: the influence of family, peers, depression, and media violence. J Pediatr 2009; 155:904-908.e3. [PMID: 19683724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the multivariate nature of risk factors for youth violence including delinquent peer associations, exposure to domestic violence in the home, family conflict, neighborhood stress, antisocial personality traits, depression level, and exposure to television and video game violence. STUDY DESIGN A population of 603 predominantly Hispanic children (ages 10-14 years) and their parents or guardians responded to multiple behavioral measures. Outcomes included aggression and rule-breaking behavior on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), as well as violent and nonviolent criminal activity and bullying behavior. RESULTS Delinquent peer influences, antisocial personality traits, depression, and parents/guardians who use psychological abuse in intimate relationships were consistent risk factors for youth violence and aggression. Neighborhood quality, parental use of domestic violence in intimate relationships, and exposure to violent television or video games were not predictive of youth violence and aggression. CONCLUSION Childhood depression, delinquent peer association, and parental use of psychological abuse may be particularly fruitful avenues for future prevention or intervention efforts.
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