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Kee D. Characteristics of Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1024. [PMID: 36673780 PMCID: PMC9859549 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze trends for work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) from 1996 to 2020 in Korea and to investigate characteristics of WMSDs, including WMSD approval rates, distribution by WMSD names, and the effects of industry type and size, and workers’ age and gender on WMSD occurrence. The data included those obtained from the official yearbooks for industrial accidents published by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and those obtained personally from the Korea Workers’ Compensation & Welfare Service. The results showed that although the incidence of WMSDs differed by year, approximately 9500 cases of WMSDs occurred in 2019 and 2020, the incidence rate of WMSDs was approximately 5.0 per 10,000 workers, and the proportions of WMSDs among industrial accidents were almost 9%. Low back pain was the leading cause of WMSDs; WMSDs occupied 9.5−71.5% of total occupational diseases by year and occurred most frequently in the manufacturing industry, followed by construction, transportation/warehouse and communication, and mining industries, and nearly 60% of WMSDs occurred in small business with <50 workers. Among chronic WMSDs, rotator cuff syndrome in the shoulder ranked first, intervertebral disc disorders second, and rotator cuff and tendon injuries third. By body parts, the shoulder was most susceptible to chronic WMSDs, followed by the low back, leg, and elbow/lower arm. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis showed that industry type and size and workers’ gender and age were significantly associated with WMSD approval. It can be concluded that the WMSD preventive efforts should focus on low back pain and rotator cuff syndrome by WMSD name, manufacturing by industry, small business by industry size, men by gender, and aged workers by age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kee
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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2
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Medicinal Plants for Treating Musculoskeletal Disorders among Karen in Thailand. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070811. [PMID: 32605228 PMCID: PMC7412036 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people suffer from Musculoskeletal System Disorders (MSDs), including Karen people who work hard in the fields for their subsistence and have done so for generations. This has forced the Karen to use many medicinal plants to treat MSDs. We gathered data from 15 original references covering 27 Karen communities and we document 461 reports of the use of 175 species for treating MSDs among the Karen people in Thailand. The data were analyzed by calculating use values (UV), relative frequency of citation (RFC) and informant consensus factor (ICF). Many use reports and species were from Leguminosae and Zingiberaceae. Roots and leaves were the most used parts, while the preferred preparation methods were decoction and burning. Oral ingestion was the most common form of administration. The most common ailment was muscle pain. Sambucus javanica and Plantago major were the most important species because they had the highest and second-highest values for both UV and RFC, respectively. This study revealed that the Karen people in Thailand use various medicinal plants to treat MSDs. These are the main resources for the further development of inexpensive treatments of MSDs that would benefit not only the Karen, but all people who suffer from MSD.
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Kee D, Haslam R. Prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders in agriculture workers in Korea and preventative interventions. Work 2019; 64:763-775. [PMID: 31815716 DOI: 10.3233/wor-193038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are estimated to be the most common and frequent of all occupational diseases in agriculture in Korea, but the full extent of the problem has yet to be surveyed. OBJECTIVE This paper presents the results of a survey investigating the extent of WMSDs among self-employed farmers in Korea. It also describes ergonomics based preventive interventions initiated by the Korean government. METHOD The prevalence of WMSDs was surveyed among 358 farmers using a questionnaire adapted from the Nordic questionnaires, employing three case definitions. RESULTS The results showed that the overall prevalence rates of WMSDs by case definition 1 (any symptoms), 2 (symptoms with a pain intensity of moderate or greater), and 3 (symptoms with a pain intensity of high or greater) were 97.2%, 83.2%, and 39.7% respectively and that the shoulder, knee and lower back disorder rates were higher than those of other body parts. Compared to the prevalence rates of WMSDs for workers in other industries in Korea as well as USA farmers, the overall rates for farmers in Korea were much higher. The interventions, which adopted a participatory approach involving government, farmers, ergonomics, technical and industrial hygiene experts, showed benefits in terms of work efficiency, safety and farmer satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The high WMSD symptom prevalence showed that agriculture is one of the most hazardous industries in Korea, and the Korean government's interventions were effective and successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyung Kee
- Department of Industrial and Management Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Roger Haslam
- Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Fethke NB, Schall MC, Merlino LA, Chen H, Branch CA, Ramaswamy M. Whole-Body Vibration and Trunk Posture During Operation of Agricultural Machinery. Ann Work Expo Health 2019; 62:1123-1133. [PMID: 30239568 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxy076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV) is common among agricultural workers and is associated with musculoskeletal health outcomes such as low back pain. Little is known, however, about the characteristics of exposure experienced during actual production practices. We measured WBV levels during agricultural machinery use among a sample of farmers (n = 55) performing routine agricultural activities and explored machinery attributes that may explain WBV summary measures. We also measured trunk posture to provide additional information about physical exposures during machinery operation. Measurements were made on-farm and during actual work conditions of a sample of agricultural machines (n = 112), including tractors, combines, heavy utility vehicles, and all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Results indicated the presence of high levels of vibration (median frequency-weighted root-mean-square acceleration of approximately 0.8 m s-2) with time signatures that include high-amplitude mechanical shocks (median crest factor of nearly 23). Compared to other machinery types, combines exhibited the lowest WBV levels and among the most favorable trunk postures. Substantial variability was observed in both the WBV and trunk posture summary measures, suggesting for future studies that alternative sampling strategies are needed to fully capture temporal patterns of machinery use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B Fethke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark C Schall
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Auburn University, Shelby Center Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Linda A Merlino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Wiggins Hall Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Cassidy A Branch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maya Ramaswamy
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa, Suite Iowa City, IA, USA
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Caffaro F, Lundqvist P, Micheletti Cremasco M, Nilsson K, Pinzke S, Cavallo E. Machinery-Related Perceived Risks and Safety Attitudes in Senior Swedish Farmers. J Agromedicine 2019; 23:78-91. [PMID: 28952915 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2017.1384420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To perform an ergonomic analysis of work and machinery-related risks in a group of Swedish older farmers, investigating farmers' attitudes and perceptions about: 1) health status and work motivation, 2) physical and cognitive workload and difficulties in the interaction with machinery and technological innovations, and 3) risks and safety practices. METHODS Nine Swedish male farmers aged 65+ were administered a semi-structured interview and a questionnaire. RESULTS Participants perceived themselves as being in good health and considered farming as a good proxy of their health status. They reported an increased physical workload but did not describe any cognitive workload. Technology was reported to have low usability, and thus its benefits cannot be fully exploited. Older farmers acknowledged the existence of "new risks" related to the aging process and mainly referred to the common sense and previous experience as the best safety practices. CONCLUSION Multilevel interventions focused on the capabilities and limits of the older farmers should be developed, involving both training activities and design solutions for the machinery that can support older farmers' health and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Caffaro
- a Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines (IMAMOTER) , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Torino , Italy
| | - Peter Lundqvist
- b Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Alnarp , Sweden
| | | | - Kerstin Nilsson
- b Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Alnarp , Sweden
| | - Stefan Pinzke
- b Department of Work Science, Business Economics and Environmental Psychology , Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Alnarp , Sweden
| | - Eugenio Cavallo
- a Institute for Agricultural and Earthmoving Machines (IMAMOTER) , National Research Council of Italy (CNR) , Torino , Italy
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Jain R, Meena ML, Dangayach GS, Bhardwaj AK. Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders in manual-working farmers. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2018; 73:19-28. [PMID: 28151057 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2017.1289890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study is aimed at recognizing the risk factors for major work-related issues (ie, musculoskeletal disorders [MSDs]) among 138 manual-working farmers. Data were collected using modified Standardized Nordic Questionnaire and the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment score sheet. Different factors influencing MSDs were detected using logistic regression methods. The highest occurrence rate for MSDs was observed in the lower back (71.4%), followed by fingers (62.1%), shoulders (56.4%), and hands/wrists (55%). Factors such as age, gender, daily working hours, hand dominance, perceived fatigue, and work experience were found to be associated with MSDs in one or more upper body regions. The outcome of multinomial regression showed that gender is the most influencing factor for MSDs in all upper body regions except the shoulders. The outcomes of study indicate high occurrence of MSDs among manual-working farmers and highlight the significance of individual and work-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Jain
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - M L Meena
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - G S Dangayach
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
| | - A K Bhardwaj
- a Department of Mechanical Engineering , Malaviya National Institute of Technology, JLN Marg , Jaipur , India
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Kwaku Essien S, Trask C, Khan M, Boden C, Bath B. Association Between Whole-Body Vibration and Low-Back Disorders in Farmers: A Scoping Review. J Agromedicine 2017; 23:105-120. [PMID: 28952884 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2017.1383333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Low-back disorders (LBDs) are the most common musculoskeletal problem among farmers, with higher prevalence rates than in other occupations. Farmers who operate tractors and other types of machinery can have substantial exposure to whole-body vibration (WBV). Although there appears to be an association between LBDs and WBV, the causal relationship is not clear. OBJECTIVE This scoping review investigates the association between WBV and LBDs specifically among farmers. METHODS Nine databases were searched using groups of terms for two concepts: 'farming' and 'low back disorder'. Screening, data extraction, and quality assessment were performed by two reviewers independently. Included studies met the following criteria: focused on adult farmers/agricultural workers; assessed exposure to operating farm machinery such tractor, combine, or all-terrain vehicle; assessed LBDs as an outcome; and reported an inferential test to assess the relationship between WBV and LBD. RESULTS After 276 full texts screened, 11 articles were found to analyze WBV as a risk factor for LBDs. Three were case-control, five cross-sectional, and three retrospective cohorts. Four studies showed no association between WBV and LBDs, four a positive association, and three results were mixed depending on the exposure/outcome measure. CONCLUSION A firm conclusion is difficult due to heterogeneity in, LBDs definition, type of farm commodity, study design, and statistical strategy. Direct comparisons and synthesis were not possible. Although retrospective cohort studies tended to show a relationship, future studies with a prospective cohort design could help clarify this association further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Kwaku Essien
- a School of Public Health , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Catherine Trask
- b Canadian Centre for Health and Safety in Agriculture , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Muhammad Khan
- c Department of Community Health and Epidemiology , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Catherine Boden
- d Leslie and Irene Dubé Health Sciences Library , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
| | - Brenna Bath
- e School of Physical Therapy , University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon , Saskatchewan , Canada
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Jamshidi N, Abdollahi SM, Maleki A. A survey on the actuating force on brake and clutch pedal controls in agricultural tractor in use in Iran. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poamed.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Association Between Farm Machinery Operation and Low Back Disorder in Farmers: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58:e212-7. [PMID: 27206126 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between whole body vibration (WBV) as measured by annual accumulated use of all-terrain vehicles (ATV)/combine/tractor operation and low back disorders (LBDs) among farmers was investigated. METHODS Saskatchewan Farm Injury Cohort Study data was used. Baseline data were collected in 2007 on the three vehicle types and other factors. Follow-up data on LBD symptoms were collected during 2013 resulting in 1149 samples. RESULTS Adjusted for age, education, and gender, LBDs were associated with tractor operation for 1 to 150 hours/year (Relative Risk [RR] = 1.23, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.44), 151 to 400 hours/year (RR = 1.32, 95%CI 114 to 1.54) and 401+ hours/year (RR = 1.34, 95%CI 1.15 to 1.56). Additionally, hip symptoms were associated with tractor operation. Only unadjusted associations were found in combine and ATV operation. CONCLUSIONS Duration of tractor operation and older age are important predictors of both low back and hip symptoms in farmers.
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Mora DC, Miles CM, Chen H, Quandt SA, Summers P, Arcury TA. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among immigrant Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers in North Carolina. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 71:136-143. [PMID: 25454715 PMCID: PMC4452452 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2014.988676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the variability in the prevalence of epicondylitis, rotator cuff syndrome, low back pain, and lower extremity pathology among immigrant Latino farmworkers and non-farmworkers. Data were collected from a study among 272 farmworkers and non-farmworkers. Participants were recruited in eastern and central North Carolina. A physical examination was conducted by trained physicians. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Latino manual workers is high compared with other workers in similar occupations. Non-farmworkers (49%) had a higher prevalence of MSDs than farmworkers (35%). Epicondylitis (20.2%) and rotator cuff syndrome (19.1%) were most prevalent. Age was found to be significant among those who had epicondylitis (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.04) and lower extremity pathology (AOR = 1.07). Latino immigrant manual workers have high prevalence of MSDs. Further studies are needed to identify possible factors that make these populations more vulnerable to MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana C. Mora
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Christopher M. Miles
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Division of Public Health Sciences, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Sara A. Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Phillip Summers
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
| | - Thomas A. Arcury
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Center for Worker Health, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,
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Kang MY, Lee MJ, Chung H, Shin DH, Youn KW, Im SH, Chae HS, Lee KS. Musculoskeletal Disorders and Agricultural Risk Factors Among Korean Farmers. J Agromedicine 2016; 21:353-63. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2016.1178612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lunner Kolstrup C, Jakob M. Epidemiology of Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Milkers and Dairy Farm Characteristics in Sweden and Germany. J Agromedicine 2015; 21:43-55. [PMID: 26480241 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2015.1106373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
International studies have shown that musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) and disorders (MSD) are common among dairy farm milkers. Although dairy production is diverse, it has so far not been possible to explain the high risk by production parameters. Two national studies carried out under similar conditions were the incentive to merge the data and increase the sample size. The Standardized Nordic Questionnaire was used to assess MSS prevalence among 92 Swedish and 116 German male and female milkers. Eighty-four percent and 85% of the Swedish and German milkers reported MSS in at least one body part. Highest prevalence was reported in the lower back, shoulder, and neck. Females showed a significantly higher risk of MSS. Apart from that, small significant influence of MSS was found for other risk factors. These findings indicate that technical and organizational modifications of the work place design in milking parlors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lunner Kolstrup
- a Department of Work Science , Business Economics and Environmental Psychology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Alnarp , Sweden
| | - Martina Jakob
- b Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering Potsdam-Bornim e.V ., Potsdam , Germany
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Monnier A, Larsson H, Djupsjöbacka M, Brodin LÅ, Äng BO. Musculoskeletal pain and limitations in work ability in Swedish marines: a cross-sectional survey of prevalence and associated factors. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e007943. [PMID: 26443649 PMCID: PMC4606426 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-007943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the prevalence of self-rated musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting work ability in Swedish Armed Forces (SAF) marines, and to study factors potentially associated with pain limiting work ability for the most prevalent pain regions reported. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional survey. PARTICIPANTS There were 272 SAF marines from the main marine battalion in Sweden included in the study. OUTCOMES Self-assessed musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting the marines' work ability within a 6-month period, as obtained from structured questionnaires. The association of individual, health and work-related factors with musculoskeletal pain limiting work ability was systematically regressed with multiple logistic models, estimating OR and 95% CI. RESULTS Musculoskeletal pain and pain limiting work ability were most common in the back, at 46% and 20%, and lower extremities at 51% and 29%, respectively. Physical training ≤1 day/week (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 16.8); body height ≤1.80 m (OR 5.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 15.1) and ≥1.86 m (OR 4.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 14.1); computer work 1/4 of the working day (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.0 to 10.0) and ≥1/2 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 10.1) of the working day were independently associated with back pain limiting work ability. None of the studied variables emerged significantly associated with such pain for the lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that musculoskeletal pain and resultant limitations in work ability are common in SAF marines. Low frequency of physical training emerged independently associated with back pain limiting work ability. This suggests that marines performing physical training 1 day per week or less are suitable candidates for further medical evaluation and secondary preventive actions. While also associated, body height and computer work need further exploration as underlying mechanisms for back pain limiting work ability. Further prospective studies are necessary to clarify the direction of causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Monnier
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Armed Forces, Regional Medical Service Mälardalen, Berga, Sweden
| | - Helena Larsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Swedish Armed Forces, HR Centre, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats Djupsjöbacka
- Department of Occupational and Public Health Sciences, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Gävle, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Lars-Åke Brodin
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Technology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Björn O Äng
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lee SJ, Tak S, Alterman T, Calvert GM. Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among agricultural workers in the United States: an analysis of the National Health Interview Survey, 2004-2008. J Agromedicine 2015; 19:268-80. [PMID: 24959759 DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2014.916642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ergonomic risks from agricultural tasks can compromise musculoskeletal health of workers. This study estimated prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in a sample representing almost 2 million US agricultural industry workers. This study used National Health Interview Survey data from 2004 to 2008. Weighted prevalence was calculated by demographic and employment factors. Prevalence ratios were calculated using generalized linear models with the Poisson distribution assumption. Prevalence rates of low back and neck pain in the previous 3 months were 24.3% and 10.5%, respectively, among agricultural workers. Monthly prevalence of joint pain was 17.0% for hips/knees, 9.8% for shoulders, 9.5% for wrists/hands, 5.4% for elbows, and 4.7% for ankles/toes. Agricultural workers had a significantly higher prevalence of shoulder pain than all other industry workers (prevalence ratios [PR] = 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.61). This study provides detailed national estimates of musculoskeletal symptom prevalence to understand the burden and the need for intervention among agricultural workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jeong Lee
- a Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , California , USA
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Fethke NB, Merlino LA, Gerr F, Schall MC, Branch CA. Musculoskeletal pain among Midwest farmers and associations with agricultural activities. Am J Ind Med 2015; 58:319-30. [PMID: 25345841 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although agricultural workers experience a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, associations between specific agricultural activities and musculoskeletal pain are not well characterized. METHODS Among 518 regional farmers, responses to a mailed questionnaire were used to estimate (i) the 2-week prevalence of low back, neck/shoulder, and elbow/wrist/hand pain, and (ii) associations between the average hours per week performing common agricultural activities and musculoskeletal pain. RESULTS The low back was the most common location of musculoskeletal pain (33.2%), followed by the neck/shoulder (30.8%) and elbow/wrist/hand (21.6%). Statistically significant adjusted associations were observed between performing equipment repair and maintenance and low back pain; milking animals and neck/shoulder pain; and manual material handling and elbow/wrist/hand pain, among others. CONCLUSIONS The observed prevalence estimates are consistent with previous literature, and the associations between agricultural activities and musculoskeletal pain provide an initial basis for targeted intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan B. Fethke
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Linda A. Merlino
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Fredric Gerr
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Mark C. Schall
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
| | - Cassidy A. Branch
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa
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Tonelli S, Culp K, Donham K. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in senior farmers: safety and health considerations. Workplace Health Saf 2014; 62:333-41. [PMID: 25191676 DOI: 10.1177/216507991406200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging farmers are at high risk musculoskeletal disorders due to occupational exposures. The development of musculoskeletal conditions can increase older farmers' risk for additional injuries because many older farmers continue to work past typical retirement age. Occupational health nurses with agricultural expertise can assist farmers by evaluating their health and safety needs. Possible interventions include ergonomic improvements in farm equipment, safety improvements in farm environment, and referrals to programs that assist older farmers in modifying their farms to improve safety.
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Tonelli S, Culp K, Donham K. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Senior Farmers: Safety and Health Considerations. Workplace Health Saf 2014. [DOI: 10.3928/21650799-20140708-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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NG YG, TAMRIN SBM, YIK WM, YUSOFF ISM, MORI I. The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder and association with productivity loss: a preliminary study among labour intensive manual harvesting activities in oil palm plantation. INDUSTRIAL HEALTH 2013; 52:78-85. [PMID: 24292878 PMCID: PMC4202763 DOI: 10.2486/indhealth.2013-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Production agriculture such as harvesting in oil palm plantation has been frequently associated with MSD and significant loss of productivities. This study tends to evaluate from the viewpoint of health, the association between self-reported prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and productivities; the impact of musculoskeletal disorders on productivity. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 143 harvesters in oil palm plantation. A general questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic background data while Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was used to determine the prevalence of MSD. Expressed in 4 different indicators; daily harvesting quantity, efficiency score, sick leave and presenteeism, the productivity data were analysed for association. There is significant association between reported acute prevalence of MSD (within 7 d) and productivity loss in terms of presenteeism (χ(2)=5.088; p<0.05) as well as quantity of daily harvest (χ(2)=7.406; p<0.01). Logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI and smoking indicate that harvesters with MSD (past seven days) were more likely to be engaged in presenteeism (OR=2.87 95% CI=1.34, 6.14) and had lower daily productivity (OR=2.09 95% CI=1.02, 4.29) compared to harvesters without MSD (past 7 d). This study reveals that oil palm harvesters suffering acute MSD (for the past week) were likely to be still present to work and produce half lesser than their healthy counterparts. Thus, further study with comprehensive surveillance strategy is essential in order to determine the urgency or need of appropriate intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Guan NG
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Bahri Mohd TAMRIN
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Wai Mun YIK
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty
of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Irwan Syah Mohd YUSOFF
- Department of Resources Management and Consumer Studies,
Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Ippei MORI
- Department of Public Health and Occupational Medicine, Mie
University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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Xiao H, McCurdy SA, Stoecklin-Marois MT, Li CS, Schenker MB. Agricultural work and chronic musculoskeletal pain among Latino farm workers: the MICASA study. Am J Ind Med 2013; 56:216-25. [PMID: 23023585 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agriculture poses varied dangers to hired farm workers in the U.S., but little information exists on occupational risks for chronic musculoskeletal pain. We examined common work positions, such as kneeling, carrying heavy loads, and repetitive motion that may increase the risk for chronic musculoskeletal pain. METHODS MICASA is a population-based study of occupational exposures and health in hired farm workers in California. This analysis includes 759 participants, 18-55 years old, engaged in farm work and residing in Mendota, CA. Chronic pain was defined as pain lasting 6 weeks or longer at specific body sites (back, knee, hip, etc.) over the entire farm work career. RESULTS Mean age was 37.9 years. Sixty-five percent participants were born in Mexico, 27.7% were born in El Salvador, and 4.2% were U.S-born. Chronic pain was associated with older age and female sex. After adjustment for age, years working in agriculture, and smoking, stooping/bending >30 hr/week among both men (OR = 2.49, 95% CI: 1.03-5.99) and women (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 1.04-4.46) was associated with chronic hip pain. Driving tractors or other heavy farm equipment >60 hr/week was associated with increased odds of chronic hip pain (OR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.02-4.54) among men. We also observed significant associations with kneeling or crawling >35 hr/week among women for both chronic back pain (OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.27-6.93) and knee pain (OR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.07-8.50), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Chronic musculoskeletal pain is prevalent among farm workers and is associated with common work positions. Further research should focus on developing preventive interventions for tasks associated with increased pain risk. These interventions should be targeted to specific types of agricultural tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
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20
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Work-related musculoskeletal discomfort of dairy farmers and employed workers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2012; 7:23. [PMID: 23152974 PMCID: PMC3534013 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-7-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dairy farming is physically demanding and associated with a high frequency of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). This study investigated and compared work-related MSD, ergonomic work factors and physical exertion in farmers and employed farm workers on dairy farms in Sweden. Methods The study comprised 66 dairy farmers, and 37 employed dairy farm workers. A modified version of the general Standardised Nordic Questionnaire was used for analyses of perceived MSD in nine different parts of the body. Perceived physical discomfort was assessed using questions concerning ergonomic work factors. A rating scale was used for analyses of perceived physical exertion. Information about participant demographics was also collected. The response rate amounted to 70%. Results The most frequently reported MSD in farmers and farm workers were located in the lower back (50% and 43%, respectively) and the shoulders (47% and 43%, respectively). MSD were also frequently reported in the neck (33%) among farmers, and in the hands/wrist (41%) among farm workers. MSD in the elbows (23%) and feet (21%) were significantly more frequently reported by farmers than farm workers (5%). Female farmers and farm workers both reported significantly higher frequencies of MSD in the neck (48% and 56%, respectively) and hands/wrists (44% and 61%, respectively) than their male colleagues (24% and 5%; 10% and 21%, respectively). In addition, female farm workers had significantly higher reported frequencies of MSD in the upper and lower back (39% and 61%, respectively) than their male counterparts (5% and 26%, respectively). Milking was perceived as a weakly to moderately physically demanding work task. Repetitive and monotonous work in dairy houses was the ergonomic work factor most frequently reported as causing physically discomfort among farmers (36%) and farm workers (32%), followed by lifting heavy objects (17% and 27%, respectively). Female workers had significantly more reported discomfort from repetitive and monotonous work than their male counterparts (50% and 16%, respectively). Conclusion Despite the technical developments on modern dairy farms, there is still a high prevalence of MSD and discomfort from ergonomic work factors, particularly among female workers.
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Osborne A, Finnegan G, Blake C, Meredith D, McNamara J, Phelan J, Cunningham C. An evaluation of low back pain among farmers in Ireland. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 63:53-9. [PMID: 23012347 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is the most commonly reported musculoskeletal disorder among farmers. There is limited research regarding LBP among farmers in Ireland. AIMS To explore attributed causes of LBP, investigate the relationship between LBP and personal and work-related factors and measure the impact of LBP. METHODS A questionnaire survey of Irish farmers was conducted on farmers from each of the main farm enterprise systems in Ireland. Data were analysed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression models. RESULTS There were 600 farmers included in the survey with 100 from each of the six main farm systems. Lifting/pulling/pushing was identified as the most commonly attributed cause of LBP. In the multiple regression analysis the variables found to be associated with LBP included farm size and self-rated health. The odds ratios (OR) of LBP were greater among operators of medium and large farms [(OR = 1.52; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.22 and OR = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.16-3.98, respectively] compared with smaller farms (P < 0.05). Those who perceived health as 'good' (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.14-2.33) by comparison with a rating of 'very good' had greater odds of LBP (P < 0.01). Some farmers changed work habits, sought help and needed time off work due to LBP. CONCLUSIONS Lifting was identified as the main attributed cause for LBP. LBP leads to work disability that necessitated farmers changing work habits, getting help and needing time off work. In order to reduce LBP-related disability among farmers in the future, work practices involving lifting need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Osborne
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, Health Science Complex, Belfield Campus, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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22
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Osborne A, Blake C, Fullen BM, Meredith D, Phelan J, McNamara J, Cunningham C. Risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders among farm owners and farm workers: a systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:376-89. [PMID: 22213399 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review was undertaken to establish risk factors for the development of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among farmers. METHODS Comprehensive electronic searches of Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Agris Database, and Cochrane Library were carried out using a battery of key words for MSDs and farmers. The studies methods quality was assessed using a standardized checklist. RESULTS Thirty-three studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The median method score was 65% of the maximum attainable score, resulting in 15 studies of higher methodological. Risks were categorized into: Work characteristics (n = 11), personal characteristics (n = 5), and psychosocial factors (n = 5). Spinal MSD risk factors include exposure to working in tree crops, vibration, postural load, being an owner operator, age, education beyond high school, suffering from asthma or depression, having <8 hr nightly sleep, bad quality sleep, and geographic location. Upper extremity MSD risk factors include being an owner operator, dust with pig workers, numbness and coldness in younger milkers and numbness in milkers >43 years, age, and body height in dairy farmers. Lower extremity MSD risk factors include, duration of farming ≥10 years, working >5 hr daily in animal barns, milking >40 cows, years as a dairy farmer, farm work, age, body mass, and female gender. CONCLUSIONS In exploring risk factors the spine was the most researched body region, followed by lower and upper extremity. Given the variance between studies, it is recommended that future studies focus on specific types of farmers and should explore specific exposures for specific body parts using standardized case definitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Osborne
- Rural Economy Development Programme, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.
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Osborne A, Blake C, Fullen BM, Meredith D, Phelan J, McNamara J, Cunningham C. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among farmers: A systematic review. Am J Ind Med 2012; 55:143-58. [PMID: 22069159 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among farmers and to establish the most common regional MSDs reported. METHODS Comprehensive electronic searches of Pubmed, Web of Science, CINAHL, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Agris Database, and Cochrane Library were carried out using keywords for MSDs and farmers. Pooled estimates of prevalence with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for overall MSD prevalence and the most common regional MSDs reported. RESULTS Twenty-four studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were incorporated into this review. From these studies, life-time prevalence of any form of MSD among farmers was 90.6% while 1-year MSD prevalence was 76.9% (95% CI 69.8-82.7). The majority of studies focused on spinal MSDs with low back pain (LBP) the most frequently investigated. Life-time LBP prevalence was 75% (95% CI 67-81.5) while 1-year LBP prevalence was 47.8% (95% CI 40.2-55.5). The next most common regional MSDs reported were upper (range 3.6-71.4%) and lower extremities (range 10.4-41%). CONCLUSIONS The systematic review identified the prevalence of MSDs by body region in farmers and established that LBP was the most common MSD, followed by upper and then lower extremity MSDs. Reported trends suggest that the prevalence of MSDs in farmers is greater than in non-farmer populations. Case-definition uniformity among MSD researchers is warranted. More studies are needed regarding upper and lower extremity MSDs, gender, workplace, and task context of MSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Osborne
- Rural Economy Development Programme, Teagasc, Oak Park, Carlow, Ireland.
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Nonnenmann MW, Hussain A, Shirley M, Shepherd S, Gilmore K, Levin JL. Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Symptoms Among Crawfish Farmers in Louisiana—A Pilot Study. J Agromedicine 2010; 15:386-93. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2010.510440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Nonnenmann MW, Anton DC, Gerr F, Yack HJ. Dairy farm worker exposure to awkward knee posture during milking and feeding tasks. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE 2010; 7:483-489. [PMID: 20521198 DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2010.487036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal disorders are common among agricultural workers, particularly among dairy farm workers. Specifically, dairy farm workers have been identified as being at risk for knee osteoarthritis. Physical risk factors that may contribute to knee osteoarthritis include awkward postures of the knee, such as kneeling or squatting. The purpose of this study was to quantify exposure to awkward knee posture among dairy farm workers during milking and feeding tasks in two common types of milking facilities (stanchion and parlor). Twenty-three dairy farm workers performed milking and feeding tasks; 11 worked in a stanchion milking facility, and 12 worked in a parlor milking facility. An electrogoniometer was used to measure knee flexion during 30 min of the milking and feeding tasks. Milking in a stanchion facility results in a greater duration of exposure to awkward posture of the knee compared with milking in a parlor facility. Specifically, the percentage of time in >or=110 degrees knee flexion was significantly greater in the stanchion facility (X = 17.7; SE 4.2) than in the parlor facility (X = 0.05; SE 0.04; p <or= 0.05). Similar results were observed with other categories of awkward knee posture in both milking and feeding tasks. This study supports previous findings that working in stanchion milking facility results in greater exposure to awkward knee posture compared with working in a parlor milking facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Nonnenmann
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75708-3154, USA.
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26
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Kirkhorn SR, Earle-Richardson G, Banks R. Ergonomic Risks and Musculoskeletal Disorders in Production Agriculture: Recommendations for Effective Research to Practice. J Agromedicine 2010; 15:281-99. [DOI: 10.1080/1059924x.2010.488618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shipp EM, Cooper SP, del Junco DJ, Delclos GL, Burau KD, Tortolero S, Whitworth RE. Chronic back pain and associated work and non-work variables among farmworkers from Starr County, Texas. J Agromedicine 2009; 14:22-32. [PMID: 19214853 DOI: 10.1080/10599240802612539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study estimated the prevalence of chronic back pain among migrant farmworker family members and identified associated work and non-work variables. METHODS Migrant farmworkers (n = 390 from 267 families) from Starr County, Texas were interviewed in their home once a year for 2 years. The original survey included items measuring demographics, smoking, sleep, farm work, and chronic back pain. For this cross-sectional analysis, multi-level logistic regression was used to identify associated work and other variables associated with chronic back pain while accounting for intraclass correlations due to repeated measures and multiple family members. RESULTS The prevalence of chronic back pain during the last migration season ranged from 9.5% among the youngest children to 33.3% among mothers. Variables significantly associated with chronic back pain were age (odds ratio [OR], 1.03, per year increase), depressive symptoms while migrating (OR, 8.72), fewer than 8 hours of sleep at home in Starr County (OR, 2.26), fairly bad/very bad quality of sleep while migrating (OR, 3.25), sorting crops at work (OR, 0.18), and working tree crops (OR, 11.72). CONCLUSION The role of work exposures, depressive symptoms, and sleep in chronic back pain among farmworkers warrants further examination. Refinements in outcome and exposure assessments are also needed given the lack of a standardized case definition and the variety of tasks and crops involved in farm work in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Shipp
- University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston School of Public Health, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA.
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Kotowski SE, Davis KG, Waters TR. Investigation of Select Ergonomic Interventions for Farm Youth. Part 1: Shovels. J Agromedicine 2009; 14:33-43. [DOI: 10.1080/10599240802612604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Nonnenmann MW, Anton D, Gerr F, Merlino L, Donham K. Musculoskeletal symptoms of the neck and upper extremities among Iowa dairy farmers. Am J Ind Med 2008; 51:443-51. [PMID: 18404686 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms (MSS) among U.S. dairy farmers is relatively unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of neck and upper extremity MSS, and to examine associations between symptoms and dairy operation activities among dairy farmers. METHODS Questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected dairy farmers in the State of Iowa, USA. Demographic, site specific MSS, and dairy operation activity information was obtained. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated with logistic regression adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among the participants (N = 341), shoulder MSS were reported most frequently (54%). Neck MSS were significantly associated with manually feeding (OR(adj) = 2.29; 95% CI = 1.09-4.80) and tractors use (OR(adj) = 2.17; 95% CI = 1.05-4.50). Also, wrist/hand MSS were associated with manually cleaning animal stalls (OR(adj) = 1.96; 95% CI = 1.06-3.63). CONCLUSIONS Neck and upper extremity MSS were common and associated with common dairy farming practices. Future studies need to more accurately assess exposures to physical risk factors for MSS so ergonomic interventions can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W Nonnenmann
- Department of Occupational Health Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708-3154, USA
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Cozzensa da Silva M, Fassa AG, Rodrigues Domingues M, Kriebel D. Gonalgia entre trabalhadores e fatores ocupacionais associados: uma revisão sistemática. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2007; 23:1763-75. [PMID: 17653394 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2007000800003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2006] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Com o objetivo de reunir informações sobre gonalgia entre trabalhadores e fatores ocupacionais associados, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS, SciELO, Free Medical Journals, entre outros, referentes ao período 1990-2006, usando-se os descritores gonalgia, knee, knee pain, knee joint, knee dislocation, knee injuries, work, workplace, workload, employment, occupations, industry, occupational, workers, arthrosis, osteoarthritis e seus equivalentes em português e espanhol. Dos 2.263 estudos inicialmente encontrados, somente 26 cumpriram os critérios necessários para permanecer na revisão. As prevalências de gonalgia nos últimos 12 meses variaram entre 11,2% e 60,9%, e os principais fatores associados foram: sexo feminino, idade avançada, índice de massa corporal elevado, trabalhar ajoelhado e carregar peso no trabalho.
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Davis KG, Kotowski SE. Understanding the ergonomic risk for musculoskeletal disorders in the United States agricultural sector. Am J Ind Med 2007; 50:501-11. [PMID: 17506508 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Farming is a very large industry in the United States. Understanding the risks for injuries and more specifically musculoskeletal disorders in this industry poses a challenge for health officials. METHODS A review was conducted of the existing peer-reviewed publications prior to December 2006 about injuries and musculoskeletal disorders for farmers and farm workers. The aim was to review existing knowledge concerning: (1) the prevalence, types, and causes of farm-related injuries, paying particular attention to musculoskeletal disorders and the special populations within the agricultural sector, and (2) interventions that have been developed to reduce risk factors associated with farm-related injuries. RESULTS Farmers and farm workers experience high rates of low back, shoulder, and upper extremity disorders. Musculoskeletal disorders may disproportionately affect farm youth and migrant workers due to the types of farm tasks performed. There is an urgent need for improved and validated interventions to reduce exposures and to improve the health of farmers and farm workers. DISCUSSION Future farm-related musculoskeletal disorder research should emphasize: (1) better identification of exposures for special populations, (2) development of interventions for diverse farm populations, and (3) identification of additional exposures for musculoskeletal disorders. Inadequate understanding of musculoskeletal disorders in farming impedes efforts to prevent this common and important type of occupational injuries on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kermit G Davis
- Low Back Biomechanics and Workplace Stress Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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