Elbasvir/Grazoprevir

Molecular insights into the in silico discovery of corilagin from Terminalia chebula as a potential dual inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins

The spike (S) glycoprotein and nucleocapsid (N) proteins are the crucial pathogenic proteins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) virus during its interaction with the host. Even FDA-approved drugs like dexamethasone and grazoprevir are not able to curb the viral progression inside the host and are reported with adverse effects on body metabolism. In this context, we aim to report corilagin a novel, potential dual inhibitor of S and N proteins from Terminalia chebula. The bioactive compounds of T. chebula were subjected to a series of computational investigations including molecular docking simulations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, binding free energy calculations, and PASS pharmacological analysis. The results obtained from these studies revealed that corilagin was highly interactive with the S (-8.9 kcal/mol) and N (-9.2 kcal/mol) proteins, thereby showing dual inhibition activity. It was also found to be stable enough to induce biological activity inside the inhibitor binding pocket of the target enzymes throughout the dynamics simulation run for 100 ns. This is also confirmed by the changes in the protein conformations, evaluated using free energy landscapes. Outcomes from this investigation identify corilagin as the lead potential dual inhibitor of S and N proteins of SARS-CoV-2, which could be taken for biological studies in near future.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

Simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in their pharmaceutical formulation by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled to dual wavelength method

In the present study, a sensitive, selective and accurate synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method was utilized for simultaneous estimation of elbasvir and grazoprevir in their pharmaceutical formulation. The developed method based on measurement of the synchronous fluorescence intensity of the studied drugs at constant wavelength difference (Δλ) = 50 nm. Elbasvir can be determined directly at 312 nm without interference from grazoprevir. Grazoprevir can be determined by application of dual wavelength method by taking the difference in synchronous fluorescence intensity at 390 & 372 nm to remove interference from elbasvir. Calibration graphs were found to be linear over the concentration range of 50-700 ng/mL for elbasvir and 100-900 ng/mL for grazoprevir. The developed method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of the two drugs in Zepatier® tablets.

Carbamate group as structural motif in drugs: a review of carbamate derivatives used as therapeutic agents

Due to their very good chemical and proteolytic stability, ability to penetrate cell membranes, and resemblance to a peptide bond, carbamate derivatives have received much attention in recent years and got an important role in modern drug discovery and medicinal chemistry. Today, carbamates make structural and/or functional part of many drugs and prodrugs approved and marketed for the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, hepatitis C, HIV infection, and Alzheimer's disease. In drugs they can play a role in drug-target interaction or improve the biological activity of parent molecules. In prodrugs they are mainly used to delay first-pass metabolism and enhance the bioavailability and effectiveness of compounds. This brief review takes a look at the properties and use of carbamates in various fields of medicine and provides quick insights into the mechanisms of action for some of them.

Development and validation of a highly sensitive second derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical preparation and human plasma

Elbasvir and grazoprevir combination has been newly approved for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus.

Era of direct acting anti-viral agents for the treatment of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C infection is universal and the most common indication of liver transplantation in the United States. The period of less effective interferon therapy with intolerable side effects has gone. Now we have stepped into the era of direct acting anti-viral agents (DAAs) against hepatitis C virus. Treatment of hepatitis C is now extremely effective, tolerable and requires a short duration of intake of oral agents. Less monitoring is required with the current therapy and drug-drug interactions are less than the previous regimen. The current treatment options of chronic hepatitis C with various DAAs are discussed in this article.