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Ramzy S, Abduljabbar MH, Alosaimi ME, Almalki AH. Development of a highly sensitive and green first-derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method for the simultaneous quantification of telmisartan and rosuvastatin: Greenness metric assessment and application to a pharmacokinetic study in rats. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 314:124164. [PMID: 38513315 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension and hyperlipidemia frequently coexist and are correlated with elevated cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Fixed dose combination tablets containing antihypertensive and antihyperlipidemic drugs have the potential to improve patient compliance. Telmisartan and rosuvastatin fixed dose combination tablet has been recently formulated. This study provided the first fluorescence spectroscopic method for simultaneously quantifying telmisartan and rosuvastatin in tablet dosage form and plasma. The native fluorescence spectra of telmisartan and rosuvastatin completely overlapped, making direct measurement unachievable. However, through the implementation of synchronous fluorescence measurements of telmisartan and rosuvastatin at a Δλ = 60, distinct narrow bands were observed at 358 nm and 375 nm, respectively. Regrettably, the challenge of overlapping remained unresolved. Nevertheless, by converting these synchronous spectra into first-order spectra, the problem of overlapping was completely resolved. This conversion also allowed for the selective quantification of telmisartan and rosuvastatin at 374 nm and 358 nm, respectively. The validity of this method was confirmed in accordance with ICH guidelines, yielding satisfactory results in terms of the validation characteristics. The method demonstrated linear relationships between the response and the studied drugs concentrations in working range of 50-1000 ng/mL for telmisartan and 100-2000 ng/mL for rosuvastatin. The described methodology was applied for the pharmacokinetic study of telmisartan and rosuvastatin in rat plasma after a single oral dose of 4 mg/kg telmisartan and 50 mg/kg rosuvastatin. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed a moderate drug-drug interaction between the two drugs, which was not considered to be clinically significant. Moreover, the described method was assessed in terms of sensitivity and environmental sustainability against three previously documented methods. The comparison effectively underscores the supremacy of the proposed technique over the documented techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal E Alosaimi
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
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Alsharif ST, Almalki AH, Ramzy S, Sultan Alqahtani A, Abduljabbar MH, Algarni MA, Serag A. Derivative spectroscopy and wavelet transform as green spectrophotometric methods for abacavir and lamivudine measurement. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 310:123913. [PMID: 38271846 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Herein, two different sustainable and green signal processing spectrophotometric approaches, namely, derivative spectroscopy and wavelet transform, have been utilized for effective measurement of the antiretroviral therapy abacavir and lamivudine in their pharmaceutical formulations. These methods were used to enhance the spectral data and differentiate between the absorption bands of abacavir and lamivudine in order to accurately measure their concentrations. For determining abacavir and lamivudine, the first derivative spectrophotometric method has been applied to the zero-order and ratio spectra of both drugs. The same approach has been tested using the continuous wavelet transform method where a second order 2.4 of rbio and bior wavelet families were found to be optimum for measuring both drugs. Validation of the proposed methods affirmed their reliability in terms of linearity over the concentration range 1.5-30 µg/mL and 1.5-36 µg/mL for abacavir and lamivudine, respectively, precision (RSD < 2 %), and accuracy with mean recoveries ranging between 98 % and 102 %. Additionally, these spectrophotometric methodologies were applied to real pharmaceutical preparations and yielded results congruent with a prior chromatographic method. Most prominently, the proposed methods stood out for their greenness and sustainability with 97 points as evaluated by the analytical eco-scale method and a score value of 0.79 as analyzed by AGREE method, thereby making them suitable for resource-limited settings and highlighting the potential for broader application of green analytical methods in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaker T Alsharif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Arwa Sultan Alqahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box, 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed A Algarni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Serag
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Almalki AH, Alaqel SI, Alharbi A, Abduljabbar MH, Bamaga AK, Alsenani F, Ramzy S. Spectrofluorimetric determination of vitamin D in the serum of autistic and healthy children using functionalized graphene quantum dots. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 309:123842. [PMID: 38181623 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D is one of the most essential nutrients for brain development, and deficiencies during pregnancy and early childhood development might be associated with autism. Regular monitoring of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level could help in early diagnosis and therapy. Analytical measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level using the traditional matrix-matched calibration technique yields inaccurate results due to absence of serum matrix free from 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The aim of this work was to develop a validated spectrofluorimetric methodology based on the standard addition approach for quantifying 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in real serum samples of autistic children. The spectrofluorimetric methodology utilizes functionalized graphene quantum dots as a fluorescent probe for selective quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 level, which is based on measuring the quenching properties of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on a fluorescent probe. The standard addition approach exhibits a minimal matrix interference since it identically utilizes the same matrix of each study sample for creating its own calibration curve. The method was validated using the guidelines outlined in ICH M10 draft for endogenous compounds quantification. The method was successfully applied for quantifying the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels in autistic and healthy children, and autistic children had significantly lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels (with a mean ± SD of 23.80 ± 17.19) when compared to healthy children (with a mean ± SD of 50.13 ± 18.74, P < 0.001). These results suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh I Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram H Abduljabbar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Bamaga
- Neuromuscular Medicine Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Neurology Unit, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Alsenani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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Alaqel SL, Abdullah O, Alharbi A, Althobaiti YS, Alturki MS, Ramzy S, Almrasy AA, Almalki AH. Application of a nucleophilic substitution reaction for spectrofluorimetric determination of aripiprazole in pharmaceutical dosage form and plasma matrix; greenness assessment. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 303:123238. [PMID: 37562210 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic medicine used to treat a variety of mental disorders, including irritability linked with autism disorder in children. Herein, a green and highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of aripiprazole in pharmaceutical dosage form and plasma matrix. The method based on the formation of a fluorescent adduct from the nucleophilic substitution reaction of 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-chloride) with aripiprazole, which can be detected at 542 nm following excitation at 481 nm. Factors that affect the development and fluorescence sensitivity of the reaction product were investigated and optimized. The reaction yielded the most optimal fluorescence responses when it was performed using 1.5 mL of 0.2 % w/v NBD-chloride, 1.5 mL of borate buffer pH 9, heating at 80 °C for 20 min, and ethanol as a diluting solvent. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines for analytical and bioanalytical procedures. Good linearity was established between the fluorescence responses of the reaction product and aripiprazole concentrations in the range of 100-1200 ng/mL with adequate accuracy and precision results. The applied method was very sensitive and selectively determined aripiprazole in pharmaceutical and plasma matrices with no interferences. Furthermore, the compliance of the proposed method with the principles of green analytical chemistry was evaluated in comparison with the reported method using analytical eco-scale and AGREE metrics. The outputs proved that the proposed method complied more with the principles of green analytical chemistry than the reported method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh L Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Alturki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 34212 Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Gahtani RM, Ramzy S. Green spectrofluorimetric quantification of aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol in spiked human plasma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20182. [PMID: 37978204 PMCID: PMC10656536 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46042-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low dose aspirin is routinely taken with antihypertensive drugs such as olmesartan and metoprolol to avoid the cardiovascular and renal outcomes associated with high blood pressure. The first spectrofluorimetric method for quantifying aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol in spiked human plasma is described here. The emission/excitation wavelengths of Aspirin, olmesartan, and metoprolol were 404 nm/290 nm, 372 nm/250 nm, and 302 nm/230 nm, respectively. The native fluorescence spectra of metoprolol do not overlap with those of aspirin or olmesartan, although the spectra of aspirin and olmesartan overlap. As a result, metoprolol could be measured directly in a mixture at 302 nm following excitation at 230 nm. Using synchronous fluorescence spectrometry at Δλ = 110 allowed for the determination of olmesartan at 364 nm with no interference from aspirin and metoprolol. Coupling the synchronous fluorescence spectrometry with second-order derivative allowed for the determination of aspirin at 426 nm with no interference from olmesartan and metoprolol. The suggested approach has been validated using ICH M10 criteria for bioanalytical method validation and was effectively utilized for quantification of tested medications in human plasma with reasonable accuracy and precision findings. Furthermore, using two greenness metrics, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and the Analytical GREEnness, the suggested method obtained a high greenness score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, 61421, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Almalki AH, Ramzy S, Almrasy AA. Development and validation of analytical methods for selective determination of albuterol and budesonide in Airsupra inhalation aerosol using spectrophotometry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16587. [PMID: 37789024 PMCID: PMC10547681 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Airsupra inhalation aerosol is a recently approved FDA medication that combines albuterol and budesonide for treating or preventing bronchoconstriction and lowering the risk of relapses in asthma patients who are 18 years of age and older. To selectively determine albuterol and budesonide in both pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms, two analytical methods were developed: the zero-order absorption method and the dual-wavelength method. Even though the two drugs absorption spectra overlapped, the distinctive peak of budesonide at the zero absorbance point of albuterol, 245 nm, allowed for direct detection of budesonide in the combination using the zero-order absorption method. The mathematical dual-wavelength method, on the other hand, allowed for the measurement of both albuterol and budesonide by choosing two wavelengths for each drug in such a way that the absorbance difference for the second drug was zero. Budesonide exhibited comparable absorbance values at wavelengths 227 and 261.40 nm; hence, these two wavelengths were utilized to identify albuterol; similarly, 221.40 and 231.20 nm were chosen to determine budesonide in their binary mixes. The methods were validated according to the ICH guideline for validation of analytical procedures Q2(R1) and demonstrated excellent linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, precision, and selectivity for determining both drugs in synthetic mixed solutions and pharmaceutical formulations. The availability of these analytical methods would be valuable for the pharmaceutical industry and regulatory authorities for quality control and assessment of pharmaceutical formulations containing albuterol and budesonide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiah H Almalki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
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Imam MS, Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S, Almrasy AA, Gamal M, Batubara AS. Higher sensitive selective spectrofluorometric determination of ritonavir in the presence of nirmatrelvir: application to new FDA approved co-packaged COVID-19 pharmaceutical dosage and spiked human plasma. BMC Chem 2023; 17:120. [PMID: 37735663 PMCID: PMC10514966 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01030-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ritonavir was recently combined with nirmatrelvir in a new approved co-packaged medication form for the treatment of COVID-19. Quantitative analysis based on fluorescence spectroscopy measurement was extensively used for sensitive determination of compounds exhibited unique fluorescence features. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this work was to develop higher sensitive cost effective spectrofluorometric method for selective determination of ritonavir in the presence of nirmatrelvir in pure form, pharmaceutical tablet as well as in spiked human plasma. METHODS Ritonavir was found to exhibit unique native emission fluorescence at 404 nm when excited at 326 nm. On the other hand, nirmatrelvir had no emission bands when excited at 326 nm. This feature allowed selective determination of ritonavir without any interference from nirmatrelvir. The variables affecting fluorescence intensity of ritonavir were optimized in terms of sensitivity parameters and principles of green analytical chemistry. Ethanol was used a green solvent which provided efficient fluorescence intensity of the cited drug. RESULTS The method was validated in accordance with the ICH Q2 (R1) standards in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision and specificity. The described method was successfully applied for ritonavir assay over the concentration range of 2.0-20.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSION Ritonavir determination in the spiked human plasma was successfully done with satisfactory accepted results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Imam
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El Khalig Square, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
- Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
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Imam MS, Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S, Batubara AS, Gamal M, Abdelhafiz S, Zeid AM. Adjusted green spectrophotometric determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in pharmaceutical form and spiked human plasma sample using different chemometric supported models. BMC Chem 2023; 17:89. [PMID: 37501208 PMCID: PMC10373238 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The environmentally friendly design of analytical methods is gaining interest in pharmaceutical analysis to reduce hazardous environmental impacts and improve safety and health conditions for analysts. The adaptation and integration of chemometrics in the development of environmentally friendly analytical methods is strongly recommended in the hope of promising benefits. Favipiravir and remdesivir have been included in the COVID-19 treatment guidelines panel of several countries. The main objective of this work is to develop green, tuned spectrophotometric methods based on chemometric based models for the determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in spiked human plasma. The UV absorption spectra of favipiravir and remdesivir has shown overlap to some extent, making simultaneous determination difficult. Three advanced chemometric models, classical least squares, principal component regression, and partial least squares, have been developed to provide resolution and spectrophotometric determination of the drugs under study. A five-level, two-factor experimental design has been used to create the described models. The spectrally recorded data of favipiravir and remdesivir has been reviewed. The noise region has been neglected as it has a negative impact on the significant data. On the other hand, the other spectral data provided relevant information about the investigated drugs. A comprehensive evaluation and interpretation of the results of the described models and a statistical comparison with accepted values have been considered. The proposed models have been successfully applied to the spectrophotometric determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in pharmaceutical form spiked human plasma. In addition, the environmental friendliness of the described models was evaluated using the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the AGREE evaluation method. The results showed the compliance of the described models with the environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Imam
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El Khalig Square, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | | | - Abdallah M Zeid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Batubara AS, Ainousah BE, Gamal M, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S, Ghoneim MM, Abdelazim AH. Green-adapted spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir based on selective bromophenol blue extraction; reduction of hazardous consumption using computational calculations. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10049. [PMID: 37344521 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A computationally-assisted and green spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of fostemsavir, a recently FDA-approved drug used in combination with antiretroviral drugs to treat multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. The method was developed using computational studies and solvent selection based on green chemistry principles. The density functional theory method was employed to identify bromophenol blue as the preferred acid dye for efficient extraction of fostemsavir. The solvent selection process involved a careful evaluation of the green ranking of solvents, which led to the use of water as the solvent. The method involved the extraction of fostemsavir with bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex, which exhibited maximally sharp peaks at 418 nm, enabling sensitive visible spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. The extraction procedures were optimized, and the method was demonstrated to be sensitive over the concentration range of 2-12 μg/mL fostemsavir. Furthermore, the method was evaluated with respect to green chemistry principles using the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical method index, and analytical greenness metric approach, all of which confirmed that the data obtained by the proposed method were environmentally acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan E Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah, 13713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Batubara AS, Abdelazim AH, Almrasy AA, Gamal M, Ramzy S. Quantitative analysis of two COVID-19 antiviral agents, favipiravir and remdesivir, in spiked human plasma using spectrophotometric methods; greenness evaluation. BMC Chem 2023; 17:58. [PMID: 37328879 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-00967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Favipiravir and remdesivir have been included in the COVID-19 treatment guidelines panel of several countries. The main objective of the current work is to develop the first validated green spectrophotometric methods for the determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in spiked human plasma. The UV absorption spectra of favipiravir and remdesivir have shown some overlap, making simultaneous determination difficult. Due to the considerable overlap, two ratio spectra manipulating spectrophotometric methods, namely, ratio difference and the first derivative of ratio spectra, enabled the determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in their pure forms and spiked plasma. The ratio spectra of favipiravir and remdesivir were derived by dividing the spectra of each drug by the suitable spectrum of another drug as a divisor to get the ratio spectra. Favipiravir was determined by calculating the difference between 222 and 256 nm of the derived ratio spectra, while calculating the difference between 247 and 271 nm of the derived ratio spectra enabled the determination of remdesivir. Moreover, the ratio spectra of every drug were transformed to the first order derivative using ∆λ = 4 and a scaling factor of 100. The first-order derivative amplitude values at 228 and 251.20 nm enabled the determination of favipiravir and remdesivir, respectively. Regarding the pharmacokinetic profile of favipiravir (Cmax 4.43 µg/mL) and remdesivir (Cmax 3027 ng/mL), the proposed methods have been successfully applied to the spectrophotometric determination of favipiravir and remdesivir in plasma matrix. Additionally, the greenness of the described methods was evaluated using three metrics systems: the national environmental method index, the analytical eco-scale, and the analytical greenness metric. The results demonstrated that the described models were in accordance with the environmental characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Alaqel SI, Abdullah O, Alharbi A, Althobaiti YS, Alturki MS, Ramzy S, Almalki AH. Guava-fruit based synthesis of carbon quantum dots for spectrofluorometric quantitative analysis of risperidone in spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17765-17774. [PMID: 37323441 PMCID: PMC10262015 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra02855k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism is one of the most pressing issues facing the international community in recent years, particularly in Middle Eastern countries. Risperidone is a selective serotonin type 2 and dopamine type 2 receptor antagonist. It is the most administered antipsychotic medication in children with autism-related behavioral disorders. Therapeutic monitoring of risperidone may improve safety and efficacy in autistic individuals. The main objective of this work was to develop a highly sensitive green fitted method for the determination of risperidone in the plasma matrix and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Novel water-soluble N-carbon quantum dots were synthesized from guava fruit, a natural green precursor, and used for determination of risperidone based on quenching fluorescence spectroscopy phenomena. The synthesized dots were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The synthesized N-carbon quantum dots exhibited aquantum yield of 26.12% and showed a strong emission fluorescence peak at 475 nm when excited at 380 nm. The fluorescence intensity of the N-carbon quantum dots decreased with increasing risperidone concentration, indicating that the fluorescence quenching was concentration dependent. The presented method was carefully optimized and validated according to the guidelines of ICH, and it demonstrated good linearity in a concentration range of 5-150 ng mL-1. With a LOD of 1.379 ng mL-1 and a LOQ of 4.108 ng mL-1, the technique was extremely sensitive. Due to the high sensitivity of the proposed method, it could be effectively used for the determination of risperidone in the plasma matrix. The proposed method was compared with the previously reported HPLC method in terms of sensitivity and green chemistry metrics. The proposed method proved to be more sensitive and compatible with the principles of green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh I Alaqel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University Rafha 91911 Saudi Arabia
| | - Omeima Abdullah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Alharbi
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Yusuf S Althobaiti
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour S Alturki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University 34212 Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University 11751 Nasr City Cairo Egypt
| | - Atiah H Almalki
- Addiction and Neuroscience Research Unit, Health Science Campus, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taif University P.O. Box 11099 Taif 21944 Saudi Arabia
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12
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Batubara AS, Ainousah BE, Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Gamal M, Tony RM. Synchronous spectrofluorimetric determination of favipiravir and aspirin at the nano-gram scale in spiked human plasma; greenness evaluation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 299:122880. [PMID: 37216820 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir and aspirin are co-administered during COVID-19 treatment to prevent venous thromboembolism. For the first time, a spectrofluorometric method has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of favipiravir and aspirin in plasma matrix at nano-gram detection limits. The native fluorescence spectra of favipiravir and aspirin in ethanol showed overlapping emission spectra at 423 nm and 403 nm, respectively, after excitation at 368 nm and 298 nm, respectively. Direct simultaneous determination with normal fluorescence spectroscopy was difficult. The use of synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for analyzing the studied drugs in ethanol at Δλ = 80 nm improved spectral resolution and enabled the determination of favipiravir and aspirin in the plasma matrix at 437 nm and 384 nm, respectively. The method described allowed sensitive determination of favipiravir and aspirin over a concentration range of 10-500 ng/mL and 35-1600 ng/mL, respectively. The described method was validated with respect to the ICH M10 guidelines and successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the mentioned drugs in pure form and in the spiked plasma matrix. Moreover, the compliance of the method with the concepts of environmentally friendly analytical chemistry was evaluated using two metrics, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and the AGREE tool. The results showed that the described method was consistent with the accepted metrics for green analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Bayan E Ainousah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Rehab M Tony
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
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Imam MS, Abdelazim AH, Batubara AS, Gamal M, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S, Khojah H, Hasanin THA. Simultaneous green TLC determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in the pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6165. [PMID: 37061601 PMCID: PMC10105527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical compounds up to Nano gram levels is highly recommended to introduce feasible and sensitive tool for determination of the compounds in the pharmaceutical and biological samples. Nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir was recently approved in the US, the UK and Europe as a new co-packaged dosage form for the treatment of COVID-19. The objective of this work was to develop a more sensitive TLC method based on using β-cyclodextrin as a chiral selector additive in the mobile phase for simultaneous determination of nirmatrelvir and ritonavir in pure form, pharmaceutical formulation and spiked human plasma. The analysis procedures were developed using TLC aluminum silica gel plates and methanol-water- 2% urea solution of β-cyclodextrin (40:10:.5, by volume) as a mobile phase with UV detection at 215 nm. The developed method was successfully applied over a linearity range of 10-50 ng/band for both nirmatrelvir and ritonavir. The method was validated for limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision, specificity, system suitability, and robustness. Furthermore, the eco-friendliness of the proposed method was assessed using the analytical eco-scale and the green analytical procedure index. The described method exhibited compliance with green analytical chemistry principles based on common green metric values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Imam
- Pharmacy Practice Department, College of Pharmacy, Shaqra University, Shaqra, 11961, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Fom El Khalig Square, Kasr Al-Aini Street, Cairo, 11796, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11751, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62514, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11751, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, 11751, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Khojah
- Department of Phramacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer H A Hasanin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, 61519, Egypt
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14
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Batubara AS, Abdelazim AH, Gamal M, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S. Green fitted second derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method for simultaneous determination of remdesivir and apixaban at Nano gram scale in the spiked human plasma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 290:122265. [PMID: 36608515 PMCID: PMC9764756 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.122265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Remdesivir and apixaban have been included in the treatment guidelines of several countries for severe COVID-19 infections. To date, no analytical method has been developed for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban in plasma matrix. The main objective of this work was to develop a highly sensitive, green-adapted spectrofluorometric method for the determination of remdesivir and apixaban at the Nanoscale. Remdesivir and apixaban showed overlapping fluorescence emission spectra at 403 nm and 456 nm when excited at 246 nm and 285 nm, respectively. This overlap was resolved in two steps. The first step was synchronous fluorescence scanning of remdesivir and apixaban, and the second step was manipulation of the second-order derivative for the obtained spectra. These steps allowed complete resolution of the overlapping fluorescence spectra and selective determination of remdesivir and apixaban at 410 and 469 nm, respectively. The variables affecting the synchronous scanning of the aforementioned drugs were optimized in terms of sensitivity parameters and principles of green analytical chemistry. The described method allowed sensitive determination of remdesivir and apixaban over the concentration range of 5-200 ng/mL and 50-3000 ng/mL, respectively. The described method was validated and successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the mentioned drugs in pure form and in spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afnan S Batubara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed Gamal
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, 62514 Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Cairo, Egypt
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15
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Abdelazim AH, Abdel-Fattah A, Osman AOE, Abdel-Kareem RF, Ramzy S. Spectrophotometric Quantitative Analysis of Aspirin and Vonoprazan Fumarate in Recently Approved Fixed-Dose Combination Tablets Using Ratio Spectra Manipulating Tools. J AOAC Int 2023; 106:490-495. [PMID: 36264114 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose aspirin (ASP) is prescribed to millions of people around the world as a secondary preventative strategy for the majority of significant cardiovascular events; however, it carries a substantial risk of gastric ulcer and bleeding. Cabpirin® tablets, which include low-dose ASP and vonoprazan fumarate (VON), are approved in Japan for the treatment of acid-related diseases in patients who require a low dose of ASP but are at risk of ASP-associated gastric ulcers. OBJECTIVE This paper describes the first published quantitative analytical approaches for the determination of ASP and VON. METHOD The normal ultraviolet absorption spectra of ASP and vonoprazan overlap significantly. The ratio spectra of the studied drugs were created and manipulated by ratio difference (RD) and first derivative of ratio spectra approaches. In the RD approach, the differences in the amplitude values between 229 and 283 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of ASP, and the differences in the amplitude values between 255 and 212 nm enabled the quantitative analysis of vonoprazan. In the first derivative of the ratio spectra approach, the created ratio spectra of each drug were transformed to the first-order derivative. ASP could be determined selectively at 237.40 nm without interference from vonoprazan. Moreover, vonoprazan could be determined selectively at 244 nm without interference from ASP. RESULTS The applied approaches were validated according to the ICH guideline, with good results. Linear correlations were obtained for ASP and vonoprazan over concentration ranges of 2-25 and 1-10 µg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The described methods were optimized, validated, and applied for determination of the studied drugs in the synthetic mixtures and in pharmaceutical tablets without interferences. HIGHLIGHTS Two spectrophotometric ratio spectra manipulating approaches were developed for the determination of the ASP and vonoprazan in their pharmaceutical combination tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Al-Azhar University, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Abdel-Fattah
- Al-Azhar University, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman O E Osman
- Al-Azhar University, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rady F Abdel-Kareem
- Al-Azhar University, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Al-Azhar University, Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Abdelazim AH, Abourehab MAS, Abd Elhalim LM, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S. Green adherent spectrophotometric determination of molnupiravir based on computational calculations; application to a recently FDA-approved pharmaceutical dosage form. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121911. [PMID: 36174404 PMCID: PMC9494866 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Molnupiravir is an oral antiviral drug developed to provide significant benefit in reducing hospitalizations or deaths in mild COVID-19. Integrated green computational spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of molnupiravir. Theoretical calculations were performed to predict the best coupling agent for efficient diazo coupling of molnupiravir. The binding energy between molnupiravir and various phenolic coupling agents, α-naphthol, β-naphthol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, resorcinol, and phloroglucinol, was measured using Gaussian 03 software based on the density functional theory method and the basis set B3LYP/6-31G(d). The results showed that the interaction between molnupiravir and 8-hydroxyquinoline was higher than that of other phenolic coupling agents. The method described was based on the formation of a red colored chromogen by the diazo coupling of molnupiravir with sodium nitrite in acidic medium to form a diazonium ion coupled with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The absorption spectra showed maximum sharp peaks at 515 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized. Beer's law was followed over the concentration range of 1-12 μg/ml molnupiravir. Job's continuous variation method was developed and the stoichiometric ratio of molnupiravir to 8-hydroxyquinoline was determined to be 1:1. The described method was successfully applied to the determination of molnupiravir in pure form and in pharmaceutical dosage form. The results showed that the proposed method has minimal environmental impact compared to previous HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lobna M Abd Elhalim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Administration of Drug Control, Egyptian Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret Al Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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17
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Abdelazim AH, Abourehab MAS, Abd Elhalim LM, Almrasy AA, Ramzy S. Different spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in the new FDA approved pharmaceutical preparation; additional greenness evaluation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2023; 285:121868. [PMID: 36113304 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lesinurad and allopurinol have been formulated in a combined dosage form providing a new challenge for the treatment of gout attacks. Two mathematical based spectrophotometric methods, area under the curve, and artificial neural networks have been developed for simultaneous determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in pure form and in combined pharmaceutical dosage form. Area under the curve has been utilized to resolve the spectral overlap between lesinurad and allopurinol. Values of area under the curve and area absorptivity were measured at two selected wavelength ranges of 242-250 nm and 255-265 nm. Two mathematically constructed equations have been used to determine the concentrations of the drugs under the study. Advanced chemometry based model, artificial neural network, has been developed utilizing the UV spectral data of lesinurad and allopurinol through various defined steps. A five-level, two-factor experimental design was used to construct 25 mixtures. Thirteen mixtures were used to set up the calibration model and 12 mixtures were used to construct a validation set. The artificial neural network model was optimized to enable precise spectrophotometric determination of the drugs under the study. The described mathematically bases spectrophotometric methods have been successfully applied to the determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in the new combined, Duzallo® tablets. Furthermore, the greenness of the described methods was assessed using four different tools namely, the national environmental method index, the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the AGREE evaluation method. The proposed methods showed more adherence to the greenness characters in comparison to the previously reported HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohammed A S Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
| | - Lobna M Abd Elhalim
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Administration of Drug Control, Egyptian Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret Al Zeraa Street, Agouza, Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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18
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Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Osman AO, Hasan MA. Spectrofluorimetric quantitative analysis of favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in spiked human plasma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 281:121625. [PMID: 35863184 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine have been suggested in COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines Panel of many countries. Synchronous spectrofluorometric measurement provides sensitive tool for resolving the overlapped spectra of multicomponent drugs through converting the wider spectra to narrower sharp spectra. This work introduces the first fluorescence spectroscopic method for quantitative analysis of favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine in spiked human plasma. Testing the fluorescence spectra of favipiravir, remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine shows severe overlap, which hinders the direct quantification of the cited drugs. To overcome the overlapping issue, the drugs under the study have been measured in the synchronous mode at Δλ = 60 nm. Favipiravir could be measured directly at 423 nm without interference of remdesivir or hydroxychloroquine. Synchronous measuring the cited drugs at Δλ = 130 nm with mathematical transforming to the first order derivative spectra allowing remdesivir and hydroxychloroquine at 384 nm and 394 nm, respectively without interference from favipiravir. Different factors affecting the spectrofluorometric measurement process have been verified. The drugs under the study have been successfully quantitatively analyzed in the spiked plasma using the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Ayman Oe Osman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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19
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Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S. Spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of lesinurad using extractive acid dye reaction based on greener selective computational approach. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 277:121292. [PMID: 35486984 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Computational studies introduce an integral approach for finding greener methods through testing solvents for reactions and extractions. Lesinurad is a novel selective uric acid reabsorption inhibitor prescribed for the treatment of chronic gout. Computational calculations were achieved to choose the best acid dye used for sensitive visible spectrophotometric determination of lesinurad. The calculations were performed using Gaussian 03 software based on density functional theory method with B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set. The obtained results revealed that bromophenol blue was preferred for lesinurad than other acid dyes based on the higher calculated interaction energy. The described method was based on the reaction of lesinurad with the theoretically selected acid dye bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex. The absorption spectra showed maximum sharp peaks at 418 nm. Different factors affecting the reaction were optimized. Beer's law was demonstrated over the concentration range of 2-12 μg/mL lesinurad. The described reaction was utilized for the spectrophotometric determination of lesinurad in pure form and in the pharmaceutical preparation. The greenness of the described method was assessed using four different tools namely, the national environmental method index, the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the novel analytical greenness metric. The proposed method seemed to be superior to the reported HPLC method with respect to the metrics of the greenness characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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20
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Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Hasan MA. Application of green first derivative synchronous spectrofluorometric method for quantitative analysis of fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation and spiked human plasma. BMC Chem 2022; 16:62. [PMID: 35986381 PMCID: PMC9389777 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride are prescribed in a combined dosage form for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. In the present work, a sensitive synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method was applied in conjunction with first derivative for quantitative estimation of fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride in pure form, pharmaceutical tablets and spiked human plasma. Fexofenadine hydrochloride showed its conventional emission spectrum at 294 nm when excited at 267 nm. On the other hand, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride showed its conventional emission spectra at 286 nm when excited at 261 nm. The fluorescence intensities were greatly enhanced by the use of sodium dodecyl sulphate as a micellar surfactant. Application of the synchronous mode to measure the fluorescence spectra of the above drugs provided sharp narrowing bands, but the overlap was not completely resolved. Derivatization of the synchronous spectra to the first order completely resolved the overlap of the fluorescence spectra and allowed simultaneous quantitative determination of the drugs under study. Fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride could be determined from their first-order synchronous spectra at 286 and 294 nm, respectively, without interfering with each other. The method showed linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient in the concentration range of 100–1500 ng/mL for Fexofenadine hydrochloride and 50–1000 ng/mL for pseudoephedrine hydrochloride. The method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of the studied drugs in pharmaceutical formulation, with mean percent recoveries for Fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride of 99.49 ± 0.931 and 98.67 ± 0.634, respectively, and in spiked human plasma, with mean percent recoveries for Fexofenadine hydrochloride and pseudoephedrine hydrochloride of 95.21 ± 1.938 and 94.89 ± 1.763, respectively. Furthermore, the greenness of the described method was assessed using four different tools namely, the national environmental method index, the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the AGREE evaluation method. The proposed method seemed to be superior to the reported HPLC method with respect to the metrics of the greenness characters.
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21
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Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S. Application of different quantitative analytical techniques for estimation of aspirin and omeprazole in pharmaceutical preparation. BMC Chem 2022; 16:60. [PMID: 35971129 PMCID: PMC9380359 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00854-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several quantitative analytical methods were used to estimate aspirin and omeprazole in recently FDA-approved tablets. The first derivative of the ratio spectra was used to resolve the recorded overlapping spectra between aspirin and omeprazole. The first derivative of the ratio spectra of the studied drug mixtures was divided by a spectrum of a standard solution of omeprazole for the estimation of aspirin. Also, the first derivative of the ratio spectra of the studied drug mixtures was divided by a spectrum of the standard solution of aspirin for the estimation of omeprazole. For the simultaneous quantitative analysis of aspirin and omeprazole, the TLC densitometry technique was applied using TLC aluminum silica gel plates, toluene–acetonitrile–methanol (7:2:0.5, by volume) as the mobile phase, and UV detection at 272 nm. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed techniques were discussed in the context of the results and the sensitivity limits of the methods. The proposed techniques were validated and successfully applied to the analysis of drugs in pure and pharmaceutical forms. A statistical comparison of the data obtained by the described methods with other data obtained by a previously published HPLC method was performed. The results agreed well with respect to the recommended statistical tests. Furthermore, the greenness of the described methods was assessed using different tools, the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical procedure index and the AGREE evaluation method. The proposed methods showed more adherence to the greenness characters in comparison to the previously reported HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
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22
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Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S. Spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of remdesivir using acid dye reagent selected by computational calculations. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 276:121188. [PMID: 35395463 PMCID: PMC9761279 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Remdesivir was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of COVID -19 in hospitalized adult and pediatric patients. Application of computational calculations for choosing the sensitive reagent in spectrophotometric quantitative analysis is very limited. Computational and theoretical studies were used for choosing the best acid dye for selective visible spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of remdesivir. The calculations were performed using Gaussian 03 software with the density functional theory method using B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis set. The theoretical studies revealed that bromophenol blue is a better match for remdesivir than other acid dyes due to the higher calculated interaction energy. The proposed method was based on the reaction of remdesivir with the computationally selected acid dye bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex. The spectra showed absorption peaks at 418 nm. Various factors affecting the reaction were optimized. The method was successfully applied for the determination of remdesivir in the pharmaceutical preparation with good accuracy and precision. Beer's law was observed in the concentration range of 2-12 μg/mL of remdesivir. The proposed reaction was used as a basis for the spectrophotometric determination of remdesivir in pure form and in the pharmaceutical preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
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Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S. Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of finasteride and tadalafil in recently FDA approved Entadfi™ capsules. BMC Chem 2022; 16:55. [PMID: 35906639 PMCID: PMC9335989 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00850-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Entadfi™ is a recently FDA approved pharmaceutical combination capsule of finasteride and tadalafil. It was prescribed for the treatment of urinary tract disorders caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia in men. This paper introduced the first spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of finasteride and tadalafil in the pure form and in the pharmaceutical capsules. UV absorption spectra of finasteride and tadalafil exhibited overlap hindered the direct simultaneous determination of the cited drugs. The UV absorption spectra of finasteride and tadalafil were transformed to the second order derivative. Finasteride could be determined selectively at 230.80 nm without interference from tadalafil. Moreover, tadalafil could be determined selectively at 292 nm without interference from finasteride. The ratio spectra of the studied drugs were derived and the derived ratio spectra of each drug were transformed to the first order derivative. Finasteride could be determined selectively at 218.80 nm without interference from tadalafil. Moreover, tadalafil could be determined selectively at 289.60 nm without interference from finasteride. The methods showed linearity with an excellent correlation coefficient in the concentration range of 10-140 µg/mL for finasteride and 3-40 µg/mL for tadalafil. The methods were validated following ICH guidelines for accuracy, precision, robustness, limit of detection, limit of quantification, and selectivity. The methods were found to be sensitive with LOD values for finasteride and tadalafil of 2.406 µg/mL and 0.876 µg/mL using the second derivative with zero crossing method and 2.229 µg/mL and 0.815 µg/mL using the first derivative of ratio spectra method. The methods were successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their laboratory prepared mixtures, with mean percent recovery for finasteride and tadalafil of 99.37% and 99.17% using the second derivative with zero crossing method and 99.74% and 99.56% using the first derivative of ratio spectra method. Furthermore, the described methods were successfully applied for determination of the studied drugs in Entadfi™ capsules without interference from excipients. Based on the proposed results, the described methods could be utilized as simple method for the quality control of the studied drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
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Abdelazim MH, Abdelazim AH, Ismaiel WF, Alsobky ME, Younes A, Hadeya AM, Ramzy S, Shahin M. Effect of intra-nasal nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt in lowering elevated calcium cations and improving olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 279:4623-4628. [PMID: 35567630 PMCID: PMC9107294 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Purpose An association between COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction has been noted in many patients worldwide. The olfactory adaptation process leads to an increase in intracellular calcium cation levels. Nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt has high selective chelation for calcium cations from olfactory mucus. The aim of this work is to test the effect of an intranasal nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt to lower the elevated calcium cations in COVID-19 patients with relevant symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Methods Fifty-eight COVID-19 adult patients with relevant symptoms of olfactory dysfunction were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial. They received a nasal spray containing either 0.9% sodium chloride or 2% nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt. Olfactory function was assessed before and after treatment using the Sniffin’ Sticks test. Quantitative analysis of calcium cation concentration in nasal secretions was performed using a carbon paste ion-selective electrode. Results After the application of nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt compared to sodium chloride, a significant improvement from functional anosmia to healthy normosmia with significant decrease in calcium cation concentration was observed. Conclusions Further collaborative research is needed to fully investigate the effect of an intranasal nitrilotriacetic acid trisodium salt in the treatment of olfactory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Abdelazim
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt.
| | - Wael F Ismaiel
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E Alsobky
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Younes
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Abdelgawad M Hadeya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Damietta, 34518, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, 11751, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH. Application of different spectrophotometric methods for quantitative analysis of direct acting antiviral drugs simeprevir and sofosbuvir. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 272:121012. [PMID: 35158141 PMCID: PMC8818623 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2022.121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Simeprevir and sofosbuvir are direct-acting antiviral drugs approved for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. Reports demonstrate the similarities between HCV and SARS-CoV-2 in terms of structure and replication mechanism. Therefore, it is suggested that a combination of simeprevir and sofosbuvir may be considered for COVID-19 patients. To date, no spectrophotometric methods have been published for quantitative analysis of simeprevir and sofosbuvir in combination. In this work, two simple spectrophotometric methods allowed quantitative analysis of the studied drugs in the mixed form. The zero-order direct method allowed quantitative analysis of simeprevir at 333 nm, with sofosbuvir showing zero absorbance values. The dual wavelength method allowed quantitative analysis of sofosbuvir by measuring the difference in absorbance values at 259.40 and 276 nm, where the difference in absorbance values of simeprevir was zero. With the applied methods, the investigated drugs in the mixtures and tablets prepared in the laboratory were successfully analyzed quantitatively with acceptable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
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26
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Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S, Abdelzaher AM, Shahin M. Comparative evaluation of different mathematical models for simultaneous UV spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2022; 267:120536. [PMID: 34739999 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Velpatasvir and sofosbuvir are new drugs prescribed in a combined pharmaceutical dosage form that pose a new challenge for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. In this work, a comparative evaluation of the classical mathematical model, simultaneous equations, and the advanced mathematical model, partial least squares, for the spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir in bulk powder and in the new combined pharmaceutical dosage form was presented. The mathematical simultaneous equation method was used to resolve the overlap between velpatasvir and sofosbuvir. The absorbance and absorbativity values at 255 and 244.8 were used to construct two mathematical equations required for spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of the drugs under study. Partial least squares, an advanced mathematical tool dealing with the full spectral data of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir, was also introduced. An experimental design for the calibration sets and validation sets for the binary mixture of the drugs under study were created. The model was optimized based on a five-level, two-factor experimental design. Pre-processing of the spectral data was applied and resulted in the exclusion of the spectral region from 200 to 230 nm due to noise. The described methods were successfully applied to the spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of velpatasvir and sofosbuvir in Epclusa® tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Abdelzaher
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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27
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El-Olemy A, Abdelazim AH, Ramzy S, Hasan MA, Madkour AW, Almrasy AA, Shahin M. Application of different spectrofluorimetric approaches for quantitative determination of acetylsalicylic acid and omeprazole in recently approved pharmaceutical preparation and human plasma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 262:120116. [PMID: 34217146 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acetylsalicylic acid and omeprazole were recently formulated by the new FDA-approved drug Yosprala ® Tablets. This novel combination was prescribed to reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in patients who were at risk for developing peptic ulcer while taking acetylsalicylic acid. In the current work, two different high precision sensitive fluorescence spectroscopic methods were developed for quantitative analysis of the above drugs in pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma. Acetylsalicylic acid was quantitatively analyzed due to its unique native fluorescence nature. The fluorescence emission of acetylsalicylic acid was quantitatively determined at 404 nm after excitation at 296 nm without any interference from omeprazole. Omeprazole, which has a free terminal secondary amino group, reacted with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD-Cl) by a nucleophilic substitution mechanism to form a highly fluorescent dark yellow fluorophore. Omeprazole was quantitatively analyzed by measuring the emission fluorescence intensity of the dark yellow fluorophore at 535 nm after excitation at 465 nm. Various parameters affecting the described methods were carefully checked and optimized. The calibration curves were found to be linear over the concentration range of 50-1600 ng/ml for acetylsalicylic and 30-2000 ng/ml for omeprazole. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of the two drugs in the pharmaceutical dosage form Yosprala ® and in spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed W Madkour
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Almrasy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, 11751 Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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Attia KAM, El-Olemy A, Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Hasan MA, Abdel-Kareem RF. Simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in their pharmaceutical formulation by synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy coupled to dual wavelength method. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 248:119157. [PMID: 33218874 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a sensitive, selective and accurate synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method was utilized for simultaneous estimation of elbasvir and grazoprevir in their pharmaceutical formulation. The developed method based on measurement of the synchronous fluorescence intensity of the studied drugs at constant wavelength difference (Δλ) = 50 nm. Elbasvir can be determined directly at 312 nm without interference from grazoprevir. Grazoprevir can be determined by application of dual wavelength method by taking the difference in synchronous fluorescence intensity at 390 & 372 nm to remove interference from elbasvir. Calibration graphs were found to be linear over the concentration range of 50-700 ng/mL for elbasvir and 100-900 ng/mL for grazoprevir. The developed method was successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of the two drugs in Zepatier® tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A M Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rady F Abdel-Kareem
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Mohamed AA, El-Olemy A, Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Omar MKM, Shahin M. Spectrophotometric determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in recently approved FDA pharmaceutical preparation. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 247:119106. [PMID: 33160135 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.119106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Different spectrophotometic quantitative analytical methods have been developed and applied for quantitative determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in their newly FDA approved pharmaceutical dosage form. lesinurad was quantitatively analyzed based on its unique UV spectra without any mathematical processing step. Direct quantitative analysis was done through its recorded zero-order absorption spectra at 290 nm without any contribution from allopurinol. On the other hand two processing mathematical spectrophotometric methods were applied to enable quantitative analysis of allopurinol through resolving of the recorded overlapping UV spectra between lesinurad and allopurinol. Ratio difference and ratio derivative spectra manipulated methods were enabled successful quantitative determination of allopurinol without any contribution from lesinurad. The described methods were successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of the two drugs in Duzallo ® pharmaceutical dosage form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Heliopolis University for Sustainable Development, 3 Belbis Desesert Road, Alsalam City, Cairo 11777, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed K M Omar
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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30
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Attia KAM, El-Olemy A, Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Hasan MA, Omar MKM, Shahin M. Application of different spectrofluorimetric methods for determination of lesinurad and allopurinol in pharmaceutical preparation and human plasma. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2021; 244:118871. [PMID: 32889340 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lesinurad and allopurinol combination is newly FDA approved for treatment of patients suffering from hyperuricemia associated with uncontrolled gout. In the present work, two different highly sensitive, selective and accurate fluorescence spectroscopic methods were developed for quantitative analysis of lesinurad and allopurinol in their pharmaceutical dosage form without any tedious operation procedure. Lesinurad was quantitatively analyzed based on its unique native fluorescence nature. Lesinurad fluorescence emission was quantitatively determined at 343 nm after excitation at 288 nm without any interference from allopurinol. Allopurinol, has free terminal secondary amino group, reacted with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDCl) through nucleophilic substitution mechanism forming highly fluorescent dark yellow fluorophore. Allopurinol was quantitavely analyzed based on measurement the emission fluorescence intensity of the fluorescent dark yellow fluorophore at 535 nm after excitation at 465 nm. Different parameters which affect the described methods of the studied drugs were carefully checked and optimized. Calibration graphs were found to be linear over the concentration range of 0.25-4.0 μg/mL for lesinurad and 0.2-20 μg/mL for allopurinol. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the quantitative analysis of the two drugs in Duzallo® pharmaceutical dosage form and spiked human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A M Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed A Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud K M Omar
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences Department, University of Strathclyde Glasgow, UK
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Egypt
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31
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Attia KAM, El-Olemy A, Ramzy S, Abdelazim AH, Hasan MA, Mohamed TF, Nasr ZA, Mohamed GF, Shahin M. Development and validation of a highly sensitive second derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical preparation and human plasma. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj03636f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Elbasvir and grazoprevir combination has been newly approved for the treatment of patients infected with hepatitis C virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. M. Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ahmed H. Abdelazim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Hasan
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Tahany F. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Zeinab A. Nasr
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Ghada F. Mohamed
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Al-Azhar University
- Cairo
- Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shahin
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Damanhour University
- Beheira
- Egypt
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Attia KAM, Nassar MWI, El-Olemy A, Ramzy S. Spectrofluorimetric determination of acotiamide hydrochloride trihydrate in the presence of its oxidative degradation product. LUMINESCENCE 2018; 33:806-811. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid A. M. Attia
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Mohammed W. I. Nassar
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Olemy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
| | - Sherif Ramzy
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy; Al-Azhar University; Cairo Egypt
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Morgan A, Ramzy S, Shehawy M. 131 I-MIBG, A Novel Approach in Neuroblastoma Treatment. Int J Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Saber A, Ramzy S, Gouda I. Metastasis to the thyroid gland; unusual site of metastasis. Gulf J Oncolog 2007; 1:51-57. [PMID: 20084714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The incidence of metastasis to the thyroid gland in autopsy series varies from 1.25 % to 24%. Metastasis to the thyroid gland is usually considered as a terminal event, and the effectiveness of conventional treatment has been questioned. METHODS Seven patients with metastasis to the thyroid gland were studied retrospectively. Primary tumor origin was identified in all of them. Metastasis to the thyroid gland was confirmed by fine needle aspiration cytology or histology. Data were analyzed for the type of malignant lesions, the clinical course of the disease, and the prognosis after thyroid involvement. RESULTS Two patients had lung as a primary tumor site. Breast, iris, kidney, parotid and soft tissue sarcoma were the involved primary sites in the other cases. The time from the diagnosis of primary tumor to metastasis to the thyroid gland was considerable (ranged from 13- 135 months, median 60 months). Fine needle aspiration cytology detected metastasis in five of seven patients. Treatment was surgery alone or surgery with adjuvant therapy. One patient didn't receive any treatment. CONCLUSIONS In any patient with a previous history of malignancy, no matter how old that history is, a new thyroid mass should be considered as recurrence until proved otherwise. Although detection of metastasis to the thyroid gland often indicates poor prognosis, aggressive surgical and medical therapy may be effective in a small percentage of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Saber
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Minia Medical School, Egypt.
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Morgan A, Ramzy S, El-Shahawy M. 375 POSTER Anastmotic leakage in patients underwent low anterior resection (LAR) with total mesorectal excision (TME) and autonomic nerve presentation (ANP) for recto-sigmoid cancer: a clinical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Morgan A, Ramzy S, El-Shahawy M. 111 POSTER Impact of objective use of 131 I-MIBG upfront therapy and preoperative chemotherapy on intra-operative surgical technique. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0748-7983(06)70546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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el-Ahmady O, el-Maraghy A, Ibrahim A, Ramzy S. Serum copper, zinc, and iron in patients with malignant and benign pulmonary diseases. Nutrition 1995; 11:498-501. [PMID: 8748208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Some environmental factors and diseases have been demonstrated to affect trace-element homeostasis. Ninety individuals were included in the present study (30 with bronchogenic carcinoma, 30 with some nonmalignant lung diseases, and 30 normal healthy controls). Serum copper, zinc, and iron levels were determined by the atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results of this study revealed that serum copper was markedly elevated in benign lung diseases followed by bronchial carcinoma. Serum zinc was significantly reduced, whereas serum iron was not significantly decreased in both benign and malignant lung diseases compared to normal healthy controls. As to the sensitivity of the studied elements in lung disorders, neither serum copper nor serum iron can be used to detect benign or malignant diseases. Serum zinc and copper/zinc ratios showed reasonable values for prediction of pulmonary diseases but cannot be recommended as tumor markers in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- O el-Ahmady
- Tumor Marker Oncology Research Center, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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