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Fonti N, Parisi F, Mancianti F, Freer G, Poli A. Cancerogenic parasites in veterinary medicine: a narrative literature review. Infect Agent Cancer 2023; 18:45. [PMID: 37496079 PMCID: PMC10373346 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-023-00522-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasite infection is one of the many environmental factors that can significantly contribute to carcinogenesis and is already known to be associated with a variety of malignancies in both human and veterinary medicine. However, the actual number of cancerogenic parasites and their relationship to tumor development is far from being fully understood, especially in veterinary medicine. Thus, the aim of this review is to investigate parasite-related cancers in domestic and wild animals and their burden in veterinary oncology. Spontaneous neoplasia with ascertained or putative parasite etiology in domestic and wild animals will be reviewed, and the multifarious mechanisms of protozoan and metazoan cancer induction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Fonti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Freer
- Dipartimento di Ricerca Traslazionale e delle Nuove Tecnologie in Medicina e Chirurgia, Università di Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Dipartimento di Scienze veterinarie, Università di Pisa, Viale delle Piagge, 2, 56124, Pisa, Italy
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Cryptosporidium and colorectal cancer: a review of epidemiology and possible association. FORUM OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fco-2021-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is an important protozoan disease with serious public health implications. The contribution of Cryptosporidium to colorectal cancer is still vaguely studied, but little evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies has suggested a possible association. This review discusses the epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis and colorectal cancer and attempts to unravel the possible link between the two diseases using epidemiological, pathological, molecular, and immunological evidence. The review stressed the need to undertake more studies in this relatively neglected field.
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Cryptosporidium and Colon Cancer: Cause or Consequence? Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111665. [PMID: 33121099 PMCID: PMC7692234 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of cancers attributable to infectious agents represents over 20% of the global cancer burden. The apicomplexan intracellular parasite Cryptosporidium is currently considered one of the major causes of mild and severe diarrhea worldwide. However, less attention has been paid to its tumorigenic potential despite the high exposure of humans and animals to this ubiquitous parasite. Herein, we discuss the potential causal link between Cryptosporidium infection and digestive cancer, with particular emphasis on colon cancer, based on increasing clinical, epidemiological and experimental pieces of evidence supporting this association. In addition, we highlight the current knowledge about the potential mechanisms by which this parasite may contribute to cell transformation and parasite-induced cancer.
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Koehler AV, Scheelings TF, Gasser RB. Cryptosporidium cf. avium in an inland-bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps) - A case report and review of the literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2020; 13:150-159. [PMID: 33088709 PMCID: PMC7560628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the first case of Cryptosporidium cf. avium from an inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) from a wildlife sanctuary in Victoria, Australia. Molecular characterisation was conducted by PCR-coupled sequencing of regions in the small subunit of nuclear RNA (SSU), actin and large subunit of nuclear RNA (LSU) genes. The sequences obtained grouped with those of C. ornithophilus and other C. avium genotypes/variants originating from reptiles or birds. We discuss this case in relation to the current state of knowledge of C. avium of birds and reptiles, considering provenance and environment (agricultural, pet industry, wildlife, zoo or wildlife park) as well as clinical context, and pathological changes associated with cryptosporidiosis in these host animals. Characterisation of Cryptosporidium cf. avium from an inland bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps). Molecular differentiation of C. cf. avium from other members of the C. avium clade. Pathogenicity of C. cf. avium seems higher than other members of this clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson V Koehler
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia
| | - T Franciscus Scheelings
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia.,Australian Wildlife Health Centre, Healesville Sanctuary, Zoos Victoria, Healesville, Victoria 3777,Australia
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences,The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010,Australia
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Capucchio M, Mignacca S, Vitale M, Tasca D, Spuria L, Amato B, Fiasconaro M, Di Marco Lo Presti V. Polypoid nasal neoformations in sheep: Pathological investigations. Small Rumin Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Latney LV, Wellehan J. Selected emerging infectious diseases of squamata. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2013; 16:319-38. [PMID: 23642865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It is important that reptile clinicians have an appreciation for the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathology, diagnostic options, and prognostic parameters for novel and emerging infectious diseases in squamates. This article provides an update on emerging squamate diseases reported in the primary literature within the past decade. Updates on adenovirus, iridovirus, rhabdovirus, arenavirus, and paramyxovirus epidemiology, divergence, and host fidelity are presented. A new emerging bacterial disease of Uromastyx species, Devriesea agamarum, is reviewed. Chrysosporium ophiodiicola-associated mortality in North American snakes is discussed. Cryptosporidium and pentastomid infections in squamates are highlighted among emerging parasitic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- La'toya V Latney
- Exotic Companion Animal Medicine & Surgery, Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Benamrouz S, Conseil V, Creusy C, Calderon E, Dei-Cas E, Certad G. Parasites and malignancies, a review, with emphasis on digestive cancer induced by Cryptosporidium parvum (Alveolata: Apicomplexa). Parasite 2012; 19:101-15. [PMID: 22348213 PMCID: PMC3671432 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2012192101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) identifies ten infectious agents (viruses, bacteria, parasites) able to induce cancer disease in humans. Among parasites, a carcinogenic role is currently recognized to the digenetic trematodes Schistosoma haematobium, leading to bladder cancer, and to Clonorchis sinensis or Opisthorchis viverrini, which cause cholangiocarcinoma. Furthermore, several reports suspected the potential association of other parasitic infections (due to Protozoan or Metazoan parasites) with the development of neoplastic changes in the host tissues. The present work shortly reviewed available data on the involvement of parasites in neoplastic processes in humans or animals, and especially focused on the carcinogenic power of Cryptosporidium parvum infection. On the whole, infection seems to play a crucial role in the etiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benamrouz
- Biologie & Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Émergents (BDEEP), Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille (CIIL), INSERM U1019, CNRS UMR8402, EA4547, Université Lille Nord-de-France, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
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Grosset C, Villeneuve A, Brieger A, Lair S. Cryptosporidiosis in Juvenile Bearded Dragons (Pogona vitticeps): Effects of Treatment with Paromomycin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.5818/1529-9651-21.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Grosset
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6 Canada
| | - Alain Villeneuve
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6 Canada
| | - Andreas Brieger
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6 Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, C.P. 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Québec, J2S 7C6 Canada
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Kik MJL, van Asten AJAM, Lenstra JA, Kirpensteijn J. Cloaca prolapse and cystitis in green iguana (Iguana iguana) caused by a novel Cryptosporidium species. Vet Parasitol 2010; 175:165-7. [PMID: 21036480 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 08/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium infection was associated with colitis and cystitis in 2 green iguanas (Iguana iguana). The disease was characterized by a chronic clinical course of cloacal prolapses and cystitis. Histological examination of the gut and urinary bladder showed numerous Cryptosporidium developmental stages on the surface of the epithelium with mixed inflammatory response in the lamina propria. Cryptosporidium oocysts were visualised in a cytological preparation of the faeces. Based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene the cryptosporidia were characterized as belonging to the intestinal cryptosporidial lineage, but not to Cryptosporidium saurophilum or Cryptosporidium serpentis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja J L Kik
- Department of Pathobiology, Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Certad G, Creusy C, Guyot K, Mouray A, Chassat T, Delaire B, Pinon A, Sitja-Bobadilla A, Alvarez-Pellitero P, Praet M, Cuvelier C, Dei-Cas E. Fulminant cryptosporidiosis associated with digestive adenocarcinoma in SCID mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum TUM1 strain. Int J Parasitol 2010; 40:1469-75. [PMID: 20708621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated that Cryptosporidium parvum IOWA strain induces in situ ileo-caecal adenocarcinoma in an animal model. Herein, the ability of another C. parvum strain to induce digestive neoplasia in dexamethasone-treated SCID mice was explored. SCID mice infected with C. parvum TUM1 strain developed a fulminant cryptosporidiosis associated with intramucosal adenocarcinoma, which is considered an early histological sign of invasive cancer. Both evidence of a role of C. parvum in adenocarcinoma induction and the extended prevalence of cryptosporidiosis worldwide, suggest that the risk of C. parvum-induced gastro-intestinal cancer in humans should be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Laboratoire Biologie et Diversité des Pathogènes Eucaryotes Emergents (BDEEP), Institut Pasteur de Lille (IFR 142)-Université Lille Nord de France (EA4547), Lille, France.
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Certad G, Creusy C, Ngouanesavanh T, Guyot K, Gantois N, Mouray A, Chassat T, Flament N, Fleurisse L, Pinon A, Delhaes L, Dei-Cas E. Development of Cryptosporidium parvum-induced gastrointestinal neoplasia in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice: severity of lesions is correlated with infection intensity. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2010; 82:257-65. [PMID: 20134002 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that Cryptosporidium parvum was able to induce intestinal tumors in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice treated with corticoids. To further characterize this Cryptosporidium-induced cell transformation, SCID mice treated with dexamethasone were challenged with C. parvum oocysts, and euthanatized sequentially after infection for histologic examination. Ki-67 was used as a marker of cellular proliferation. Our previous results were confirmed, and it was also found that mice receiving higher inocula (10(6)-10(7)) experienced more severe neoplastic development. Additionally, neoplastic changes were observed not only in the caecum but also in the stomach and duodenum of some animals. Interestingly, SCID mice (6/6) inoculated with 10(5)-10(7) oocysts showed high grade intraepithelial neoplasia or adenomas with high grade dysplasia in the caecum after Day 46 post-infection (PI). Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 staining indicated the neoplastic process associated to cryptosporidiosis, and evidenced the first immunohistochemical alterations at early stages of the process, even at 3 weeks PI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.
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Certad G, Ngouanesavanh T, Guyot K, Gantois N, Chassat T, Mouray A, Fleurisse L, Pinon A, Cailliez JC, Dei-Cas E, Creusy C. Cryptosporidium parvum, a potential cause of colic adenocarcinoma. Infect Agent Cancer 2007; 2:22. [PMID: 18031572 PMCID: PMC2217515 DOI: 10.1186/1750-9378-2-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cryptosporidiosis represents a major public health problem. This infection has been reported worldwide as a frequent cause of diarrhoea. Particularly, it remains a clinically significant opportunistic infection among immunocompromised patients, causing potentially life-threatening diarrhoea in HIV-infected persons. However, the understanding about different aspects of this infection such as invasion, transmission and pathogenesis is problematic. Additionally, it has been difficult to find suitable animal models for propagation of this parasite. Efforts are needed to develop reproducible animal models allowing both the routine passage of different species and approaching unclear aspects of Cryptosporidium infection, especially in the pathophysiology field. Results We developed a model using adult severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice inoculated with Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium muris while treated or not with Dexamethasone (Dex) in order to investigate divergences in prepatent period, oocyst shedding or clinical and histopathological manifestations. C. muris-infected mice showed high levels of oocysts excretion, whatever the chemical immunosuppression status. Pre-patent periods were 11 days and 9.7 days in average in Dex treated and untreated mice, respectively. Parasite infection was restricted to the stomach, and had a clear preferential colonization for fundic area in both groups. Among C. parvum-infected mice, Dex-treated SCID mice became chronic shedders with a prepatent period of 6.2 days in average. C. parvum-inoculated mice treated with Dex developed glandular cystic polyps with areas of intraepithelial neoplasia, and also with the presence of intramucosal adenocarcinoma. Conclusion For the first time C. parvum is associated with the formation of polyps and adenocarcinoma lesions in the gut of Dex-treated SCID mice. Additionally, we have developed a model to compare chronic muris and parvum cryptosporidiosis using SCID mice treated with corticoids. This reproducible model has facilitated the evaluation of clinical signs, oocyst shedding, location of the infection, pathogenicity, and histopathological changes in the gastrointestinal tract, indicating divergent effects of Dex according to Cryptosporidium species causing infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Certad
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Cátedra de Parasitología, Escuela de Medicina "José María Vargas", Universidad Central de Venezuela (UCV), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Tramy Ngouanesavanh
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karine Guyot
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nausicaa Gantois
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Chassat
- Plateau d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | - Anthony Mouray
- Plateau d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | - Laurence Fleurisse
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Université Catholique de Lille, France
| | - Anthony Pinon
- Unité de Sécurité Microbiologique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, France
| | | | - Eduardo Dei-Cas
- Ecologie du Parasitisme (EA3609 Université de Lille 2), IFR 142, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France.,Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille 2, France
| | - Colette Creusy
- Service d'Anatomie et de Cytologie Pathologiques, Groupe Hospitalier de l'Université Catholique de Lille, France
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Garner MM, Hernandez-Divers SM, Raymond JT. Reptile neoplasia: a retrospective study of case submissions to a specialty diagnostic service. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2004; 7:653-71, vi. [PMID: 15296868 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvex.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study appears to be the largest publication to date regarding the prevalence of neoplasia in reptiles. As in previous publications, neoplasia is most common in snakes, followed by lizards, chelonians, and crocodilians. Several interesting trends were documented in this study, some of which appear to be previously unidentified, and some that support the findings of previous publications.
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Abstract
In summary, an ideal diagnostic plan for cats with suspected FNPs should include a thorough anesthetized oropharyngeal examination, otoscopic examination, and imaging studies, which may consist of a bulla radiographic series or specialized imaging studies such as CT or MR scans. In general, if signs indicative of otitis media are present, ventral bulla osteotomy should be advised. As a result of the distinct appearance of FNPs, a preoperative biopsy is not indicated in all instances but should be considered if there are atypical features to the history or presentation. Traction-avulsion of polyps through the external ear canal or auditory tube from the oropharynx may have a lower success rate than traction-avulsion combined with ventral bulla osteotomy. If the veterinarian opts to treat FNPs by traction-avulsion alone as a result of financial constraints imposed by the client, the client should be strongly cautioned regarding potential recurrence. Postoperative complications are possible with any treatment option, but neurologic impairment, including Horner's syndrome, facial neuropathy, and hypoglossal neuropathy, is significantly more likely after surgical intervention by ventral bulla osteotomy than after traction-avulsion alone. A high percentage of these complications are self-limiting. In all instances, appropriate culture and sensitivity and biopsy specimens should be collected so as to enable provision of appropriate postoperative care. Antibiotic therapy should be provided based on culture and sensitivity test results. The use of postoperative steroids to prevent recurrence is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Muilenburg
- Cascade Veterinary Specialists, 660 NW Gilman Boulevard, Suite C-2, Issaquah, WA 98027, USA
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