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Franco PIR, Pereira JX, Ferreira HH, de Menezes LB, Miguel MP. Low-grade mammary gland tumours in dogs have greater VEGF-A and BMP2 immunostaining and higher CD31 blood vessel density. Top Companion Anim Med 2023; 53-54:100778. [PMID: 37011834 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2023.100778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is an important process in tumor growth, and different molecules are involved in its regulation including VEGF-A, BMP2, and CD31, which can be considered possible prognostic markers. The aim of this study was to verify whether the VEGF-A and BMP2 immunostaining area, and microvascular density (MVD) might be associated with the degree of malignancy in malignant mammary neoplasms of dogs. For this purpose, samples of mammary malignancies from female dogs embedded in wax were used and separated into four main histomorphological types: tubulopapillary carcinomas, solid, complex, and carcinosarcoma, which were separated based on high and low degrees of malignancy. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed on tissue microarray blocks using anti-CD31 antibodies for evaluation of MVD and vascular lumen area, and with anti-VEGF-A and anti-BMP2 to determine the immunostaining area using the DAKO EnVision™ FLEX+ kit. MVD and vascular lumen area were higher in tubulopapillary carcinomas as were the areas stained by VEGF-A and BMP2. Immunostaining for CD31 was higher in low-grade carcinomas as well as in areas immunostained by VEGF-A and BMP2. There was a positive correlation between VEGF and BMP2 in high (r = 0.556, p < 0.0001) and low-grade (r = 0.287, p<0.0001) carcinomas and between MVD and VEGF-A in low-grade carcinomas (r = 0.267, p = 0.0064). Thus, the markers evaluated showed greater immunostaining in canine mammary tumors with a lower degree of malignancy.
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Meuten DJ, Moore FM, Donovan TA, Bertram CA, Klopfleisch R, Foster RA, Smedley RC, Dark MJ, Milovancev M, Stromberg P, Williams BH, Aubreville M, Avallone G, Bolfa P, Cullen J, Dennis MM, Goldschmidt M, Luong R, Miller AD, Miller MA, Munday JS, Roccabianca P, Salas EN, Schulman FY, Laufer-Amorim R, Asakawa MG, Craig L, Dervisis N, Esplin DG, George JW, Hauck M, Kagawa Y, Kiupel M, Linder K, Meichner K, Marconato L, Oblak ML, Santos RL, Simpson RM, Tvedten H, Whitley D. International Guidelines for Veterinary Tumor Pathology: A Call to Action. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:766-794. [PMID: 34282984 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211013712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Standardization of tumor assessment lays the foundation for validation of grading systems, permits reproducibility of oncologic studies among investigators, and increases confidence in the significance of study results. Currently, there is minimal methodological standardization for assessing tumors in veterinary medicine, with few attempts to validate published protocols and grading schemes. The current article attempts to address these shortcomings by providing standard guidelines for tumor assessment parameters and protocols for evaluating specific tumor types. More detailed information is available in the Supplemental Files, the intention of which is 2-fold: publication as part of this commentary, but more importantly, these will be available as "living documents" on a website (www.vetcancerprotocols.org), which will be updated as new information is presented in the peer-reviewed literature. Our hope is that veterinary pathologists will agree that this initiative is needed, and will contribute to and utilize this information for routine diagnostic work and oncologic studies. Journal editors and reviewers can utilize checklists to ensure publications include sufficient detail and standardized methods of tumor assessment. To maintain the relevance of the guidelines and protocols, it is critical that the information is periodically updated and revised as new studies are published and validated with the intent of providing a repository of this information. Our hope is that this initiative (a continuation of efforts published in this journal in 2011) will facilitate collaboration and reproducibility between pathologists and institutions, increase case numbers, and strengthen clinical research findings, thus ensuring continued progress in veterinary oncologic pathology and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christof A Bertram
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Pompei Bolfa
- Ross University, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - John Cullen
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nick Dervisis
- VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Keith Linder
- North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Renato L Santos
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R Mark Simpson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Harold Tvedten
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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3
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Gill V, Leibman N, Monette S, Craft DM, Bergman PJ. Prognostic Indicators and Clinical Outcome in Dogs with Subcutaneous Mast Cell Tumors Treated with Surgery Alone: 43 Cases. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2020; 56:215-225. [PMID: 32412337 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-6960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if clinical findings, histologic grade, or other histologic features were associated with clinical outcome in dogs with subcutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs). Medical records of 43 client-owned dogs were retrospectively reviewed, and follow-up information was gathered via phone or follow-up examination. Progression-free survival (PFS), disease-free interval (DFI), and overall survival were calculated. Forty-two and twenty-two dogs, respectively, had grade 2 (Patnaik grading system) or low-grade tumors (two-tier grading system). Median PFS was 1474 days. Median DFI was not reached at >1968 days. Overall median survival time was not reached at >1968 days. In univariate analysis, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs), proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and mitotic index were negatively prognostic for PFS whereas Ki-67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and microvessel density were negatively prognostic for DFI. In multivariate analysis, AgNORs remained negatively prognostic for PFS. Results suggest that proliferation indices, especially AgNORs, may be useful in predicting the rare poor outcomes in dogs with subcutaneous MCTs. The vast majority of subcutaneous MCTs appear to be low or intermediate grade with excellent outcomes from good local tumor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Gill
- From Maine Veterinary Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine (V.G.); Department of Oncology (N.L.) and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory (D.M.C.), The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (S.M.); and Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, New York (P.J.B.)
| | - Nicole Leibman
- From Maine Veterinary Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine (V.G.); Department of Oncology (N.L.) and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory (D.M.C.), The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (S.M.); and Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, New York (P.J.B.)
| | - Sebastien Monette
- From Maine Veterinary Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine (V.G.); Department of Oncology (N.L.) and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory (D.M.C.), The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (S.M.); and Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, New York (P.J.B.)
| | - Diane M Craft
- From Maine Veterinary Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine (V.G.); Department of Oncology (N.L.) and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory (D.M.C.), The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (S.M.); and Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, New York (P.J.B.)
| | - Philip J Bergman
- From Maine Veterinary Medical Center, Scarborough, Maine (V.G.); Department of Oncology (N.L.) and Flaherty Comparative Oncology Laboratory (D.M.C.), The Animal Medical Center, New York, New York; Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, The Rockefeller University, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (S.M.); and Katonah Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, New York (P.J.B.)
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4
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Fang L, He Y, Liu Y, Ding H, Tong Y, Hu L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Huang P. Adjustment of Microvessel Area by Stromal Area to Improve Survival Prediction in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:3397-3406. [PMID: 31293643 PMCID: PMC6603421 DOI: 10.7150/jca.31231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Sustained tumor growth and metastasis require sufficient blood supply, and microvessel area (MVA) has been reported that is related to prognosis of cancer patients. However, tumor cells may not be nourished enough by blood vessels when the cells are separated from vessels by thick stroma. Therefore we investigated whether stroma-area normalized MVA (SnMVA) is a more important prognostic factor than MVA. Materials and Methods: 100 NSCLC patients who underwent resection between July 2011 and October 2012 were randomly selected. We determined the MVA of the tumor tissues by anti-CD31 immunostaining of microvessels. Stroma-area normalized MVA (SnMVA) was a ratio of MVA to stromal area. Correlation of MVA and SnMVA with overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) was assessed using multivariate analysis. Results: Median MVA was 0.0228 (range, 0.00393 to 0.172), and median SnMVA was 0.0441 × 10-6 (range, 0.00393 × 10-6 to 0.259 × 10-6). There was no significant difference in OS between groups of different MVA (HR 0.58, 95%CI 0.28 to 1.19, p = 0.148). In contrast, the risk of death was significantly decreased in high SnMVA group (at or below the median) than in group with low SnMVA (HR 0.47, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.97, p = 0.046). Furthermore, in multivariate analysis, high SnMVA, but not MVA, was an independent prognostic factor after adjusting for age, sex, tumor stage and other factors. OS was significantly associated with SnMVA in six of seven subgroup analysis, but with MVA in only three. Conclusions: Our study showed that the NSCLC patients with high SnMVA had higher OS. And SnMVA is a prognostic factor with greater accuracy than MVA. Since stroma exists widely in a variety of cancer tissues, we infer that SnMVA may also predict the prognostic of other types of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haiying Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yinghui Tong
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Luying Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Canming Wang
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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5
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Milovancev M, Tuohy JL, Townsend KL, Irvin VL. Influence of surgical margin completeness on risk of local tumour recurrence in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 17:354-364. [PMID: 30953384 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present peer-reviewed veterinary literature contains conflicting information regarding the impact of surgical margin completeness on risk of local tumour recurrence in canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS). This systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to answer the clinical question: "Does obtaining microscopically tumour-free surgical margins reduce risk for local tumour recurrence in canine cutaneous and subcutaneous STS?" A total of 486 citations were screened, 66 of which underwent full-text evaluation, with 10 studies representing 278 STS excisions ultimately included. Cumulatively, 16/164 (9.8%) of completely excised and 38/114 (33.3%) of incompletely excised STS recurred. Overall relative risk of 0.396 (95% confidence interval = 0.248-0.632) was calculated for local recurrence in STS excised with complete margins as compared to STS excised with incomplete margins. Risk of bias was judged to be low for all studies in terms of selection bias and detection bias but high for all studies in terms of performance bias and exclusion bias. The results of the present meta-analysis, coupled with the results of individual previous studies, strongly suggest that microscopically complete surgical margins confer a significantly reduced risk for local tumour recurrence in canine STS. Future studies ideally should adhere to standardized conducting and reporting guidelines to reduce systematic bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Milovancev
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Joanne L Tuohy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Katy L Townsend
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Veronica L Irvin
- College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
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MEK inhibition suppresses K-Ras wild-type cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo via inhibiting cell proliferation and modulating tumor microenvironment. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:120. [PMID: 30741922 PMCID: PMC6370758 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PD901, a MEK inhibitor, has been demonstrated of therapeutic efficacy against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) harboring K-Ras oncogenic mutations. However, most CCA exhibit no K-Ras mutations. In the current study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of PD901, either alone or in combination with the pan-mTOR inhibitor MLN0128, for the treatment of K-Ras wild-type CCA in vitro using human CCA cell lines, and in vivo using AKT/YapS127A CCA mouse model. We discovered that in vitro, PD901 treatment strongly inhibited CCA cell proliferation, and combined PD901 and MLN0128 therapy further increased growth inhibition. In vivo, treatment of PD901 alone triggered tumor regression, which was not further increased when the two drugs were administered simultaneously. Mechanistically, PD901 efficiently hampered ERK activation in vitro and in vivo, leading to strong inhibition of CCA tumor cell cycle progression. Intriguingly, we discovered that PD901, but not MLN0128 treatment resulted in changes affecting the vasculature and cancer-associated fibroblasts in AKT/YapS127A mouse lesions. It led to the decreased hypoxia within tumor lesions, which may further enhance the anti-cell proliferation activities of PD901. Altogether, our study demonstrates that MEK inhibitors could be effective for the treatment of K-Ras wild-type CCA via inhibiting cell proliferation and modulating tumor microenvironment.
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7
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Relationship between the inflammatory tumor microenvironment and different histologic types of canine mammary tumors. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:209-214. [PMID: 29966962 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mammary neoplasms are the tumors with higher incidence in female dogs. Among the factors that contribute for the development of this and other neoplasms, the inflammatory tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role. Several studies reported important roles for lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils and mast cells in this context. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate the number of profile cells of inflammatory cells and area of tumor fibrosis and the relation of these features with canine mammary tumors of different histologic and clinical presentation (benign mixed tumor, carcinoma in mixed tumor, solid carcinoma and tubular carcinoma) Counting and staining of inflammatory cells and tumor fibrosis were performed through histochemistry, while counting and staining of CD4+, TCD8+ and FOXP3+ lymphocytes were performed through immunohistochemistry. Statistical analysis of the association between densities of inflammatory cells, tumor fibrosis and histologic types revealed significant difference for plasma cells (p = .035), neutrophils (p = .0113), macrophages (p = .0047), and tumor fibrosis (p = .05). The found data suggest associations between high number of neutrophils and aggressive mammary tumors, between high densities of plasma cells, macrophages and CD8+ cells and between low number of profile cells of CD4+ cells and less aggressive tumors. Larger areas of tumor fibrosis showed relation to more aggressive canine mammary tumors.
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8
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Sayama A, Okado K, Imaoka M, Yokouchi Y, Jindo T, Takasaki W. Subcutaneous soft tissue sarcoma with rhabdoid features in a dog. J Toxicol Pathol 2014; 27:131-8. [PMID: 25352714 PMCID: PMC4110937 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2013-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A nine-year-old male beagle dog had a white spherical mass in the subcutis of the left lumbar region. Microscopically, spindle to oval cells diffusely proliferated in the fibrous and myxoid stroma. Many neoplastic cells showed rhabdoid features or vacuolated cytoplasm. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for vimentin and S100 and partly positive for neuron-specific enolase and glial fibrillary acidic protein but were negative for von Willebrand factor, desmin and α-smooth muscle actin. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells had abundant cytoplasmic processes and desmosome-like structures. Cytoplasmic inclusions of rhabdoid-featured cells in HE sections were composed of aggregates of intermediate filaments, and cytoplasmic vacuoles were identified as an invagination of cytoplasm. Although malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor was suggested according to these results, the present case was diagnosed as a soft tissue sarcoma with rhabdoid features due to a lack of identification of the basal lamina under electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Sayama
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Keiko Okado
- Biological Research Department, Daiichi Sankyo RD Novare Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Masako Imaoka
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Yusuke Yokouchi
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Jindo
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
| | - Wataru Takasaki
- Medicinal Safety Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 16-13 Kita-Kasai 1-Chome, Edogawa-ku, Tokyo 134-8630, Japan
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9
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Campos CB, Nunes FC, Gamba CO, Damasceno KA, Souza CM, Campos LC, Cassali GD. Canine low-grade intra-orbital myxosarcoma: case report. Vet Ophthalmol 2014; 18:251-3. [PMID: 24837165 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate important clinical, morphological, histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical characteristics in order to establish the diagnosis and prognosis of a low-grade intra-orbital myxosarcoma. ANIMAL STUDIED A mongrel dog presented a 2-year history of a neoplastic mass behind the right eye. RESULTS The neoplasm presented a mesenchymal spindle and stellate cell proliferation with an abundant myxoid matrix, moderate anisocariosis, and a low mitotic index. It stained positive for vimentin, moderately positive for periodic acid-Schiff, and negative for Gomori trichrome stain and α-smooth muscle actin. CONCLUSIONS One year following surgical excision, the patient remains disease free. The histological findings established a diagnosis of a rare canine intra-orbital low-grade myxosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília B Campos
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Department of General Pathology, Biological Science Institute, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil
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10
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Lymphangiogenesis in Canine Mammary Tumours: A Morphometric and Prognostic Study. J Comp Pathol 2014; 150:184-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Avallone G, Boracchi P, Stefanello D, Ferrari R, Rebughini A, Roccabianca P. Canine Perivascular Wall Tumors. Vet Pathol 2013; 51:713-21. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985813503565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Canine perivascular wall tumors (cPWTs) arise from vascular mural cells and are included among soft tissue sarcomas (STSs). Most prognostic studies are performed on canine STSs as a general group and regardless of their specific histotype. The aim of this study was to identify pathological parameters and profiles with prognostic impact for cutaneous/subcutaneous cPWTs. Anatomical location, type of growth, surgical margins, and size and depth of the tumor were collected in 56 cPWTs. The association between each pair of variables was evaluated by χ2 test. Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was performed to describe the multivariate association of variables and was followed by cluster analysis to identify specific pathological profiles. The prognostic impact of variables and profiles was assessed by Cox regression model. Size and depth were significantly associated with increased relapse probability. Cases with complete surgical margins did not recur. Other single variables were not significantly associated with relapse. Cluster analysis on MCA considering site, depth, margins, and type of growth identified 3 pathological profiles associated with PWT relapse and having a high prognostic impact. Major prognostic factors for cPWTs were tumor size, depth of growth, and pathological profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Avallone
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P. Boracchi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Section of Medical Statistics and Biometry, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - D. Stefanello
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - R. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - A. Rebughini
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - P. Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di scienze veterinarie e sanità pubblica (DIVET), Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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12
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Choisunirachon N, Jaroensong T, Yoshida K, Saeki K, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T. Effects of low-dose cyclophosphamide with piroxicam on tumour neovascularization in a canine oral malignant melanoma-xenografted mouse model. Vet Comp Oncol 2013; 13:424-32. [DOI: 10.1111/vco.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Choisunirachon
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - T. Jaroensong
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Sciences; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - K. Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - R. Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - N. Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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13
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Sleeckx N, Van Brantegem L, Fransen E, Van den Eynden G, Casteleyn C, Veldhuis Kroeze E, Van Ginneken C. Evaluation of Immunohistochemical Markers of Lymphatic and Blood Vessels in Canine Mammary Tumours. J Comp Pathol 2013; 148:307-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Abbondati E, Del-Pozo J, Hoather TM, Constantino-Casas F, Dobson JM. An immunohistochemical study of the expression of the hypoxia markers Glut-1 and Ca-IX in canine sarcomas. Vet Pathol 2013; 50:1063-9. [PMID: 23628694 DOI: 10.1177/0300985813486810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia has been associated with increased malignancy, likelihood of metastasis, and increased resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy in human medicine. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key transcription factor that is induced by tumor hypoxia and regulates the pathways involved in cellular response and adaptation to the hostile tumor microenvironment. HIF-1 induces transcription of different proteins, including Ca-IX and Glut-1, which are considered endogenous markers of chronic hypoxia in solid tumors in humans. In this study, sections from 40 canine sarcomas (20 histiocytic sarcomas and 20 low-grade soft-tissue sarcomas) were immunostained for these markers. Expression of Glut-1 was scored based on percentage of positive staining cells (0 = <1%; 1 = 1%-50%; 2 = >50%) and intensity of cellular staining (1 = weak; 2 = strong); Ca-IX was scored based on percentage of positive cells (0 = <1%; 1 = 1%-30%; 2 = >30%). Intratumoral microvessel density was measured using CD31 to assess intratumoral neoangiogenesis. Histiocytic sarcomas showed statistically significant higher Glut-1 immunoreactivity and angiogenesis than did low-grade soft-tissue sarcomas. Intratumoral microvessel density in histiocytic sarcomas was positively associated with Glut-1 immunoreactivity score. These findings suggest a potential role of hypoxia in the biology of these tumors and may provide a base for investigation of the potential prognostic use of these markers in naturally occurring canine tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abbondati
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G611QH, UK.
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15
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Cuitiño MC, Massone AR, Idiart JR. Lack of prognostic significance of angiogenesis in canine melanocytic tumours. J Comp Pathol 2012; 147:147-52. [PMID: 22520819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The prognostic significance of angiogenesis in some canine tumours has been investigated, but little is known about its relevance in canine melanocytic tumours (MTs). The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of angiogenesis in canine MTs. A total of 36 cutaneous melanocytomas (benign MTs), 40 cutaneous melanomas (malignant MTs) and 43 oral melanomas were studied. Survival data were available for a subset of 59 cases. Microvessel density (MVD) and endothelial area (EA) were determined by immunolabelling using an antibody specific for von Willebrand factor (vWF). Mean MVD (expressed as the number of microvessels per mm(2)) was 129 ± 14 in melanocytomas, 191 ± 16 in cutaneous melanomas and 208 ± 16 in oral melanomas. Mean EA (expressed as the percentage of the total area) was 1.5 ± 0.14 in melanocytomas, 2.6 ± 0.2 in cutaneous melanomas and 2.4 ± 0.3 in oral melanomas. The differences in MVD and EA between melanocytomas and melanomas were significant (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). MVD and EA were significantly correlated between cutaneous and oral MTs (r = 0.54; P <0.001 and r = 0.63; P <0.001, respectively). MVD and EA were not related to survival in cutaneous and oral MTs. In conclusion, tumour vascularization was higher in melanomas than in melanocytomas, but it seemed to have no prognostic significance in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Cuitiño
- Laboratorio de Patología Especial, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina.
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16
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Stefanello D, Avallone G, Ferrari R, Roccabianca P, Boracchi P. Canine Cutaneous Perivascular Wall Tumors at First Presentation: Clinical Behavior and Prognostic Factors in 55 Cases. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:1398-405. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. Avallone
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria; Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria
| | - R. Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche Veterinarie
| | - P. Roccabianca
- Dipartimento di Patologia Animale Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria; Facoltà di Medicina Veterinaria
| | - P. Boracchi
- Sezione di Statistica Medica e Biometria G.A. Maccacaro; Dipartimento di Medicina del Lavoro; clinica del lavoro “L. Devoto”; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia; Università degli Studi di Milano; Milan; Italy
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17
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Burton J, Mitchell L, Thamm D, Dow S, Biller B. Low-Dose Cyclophosphamide Selectively Decreases Regulatory T Cells and Inhibits Angiogenesis in Dogs with Soft Tissue Sarcoma. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:920-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0753.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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18
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Tripp C, Fidel J, Anderson C, Patrick M, Pratt C, Sellon R, Bryan J. Tolerability of Metronomic Administration of Lomustine in Dogs with Cancer. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25:278-84. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0684.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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19
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Dennis MM, McSporran KD, Bacon NJ, Schulman FY, Foster RA, Powers BE. Prognostic Factors for Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Soft Tissue Sarcomas in Dogs. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:73-84. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810388820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Dennis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - N. J. Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - F. Y. Schulman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, and Marshfield Labs, Veterinary Services, Marshfield, Wisconsin
| | - R. A. Foster
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - B. E. Powers
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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20
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Dvir E, Clift SJ. Evaluation of selected growth factor expression in canine spirocercosis (Spirocerca lupi)-associated non-neoplastic nodules and sarcomas. Vet Parasitol 2010; 174:257-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2010] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Mahoney JA, Fisher JC, Snyder SA, Hauck ML. Feasibility of using gene expression analysis to study canine soft tissue sarcomas. Mamm Genome 2010; 21:577-82. [PMID: 21076837 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-010-9298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The prognosis given for canine soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) is based primarily on histopathologic grade. The decision to administer adjuvant chemotherapy is difficult since less than half of patients with high-grade STSs develop metastatic disease. We hypothesize that there is a gene signature that will improve our ability to predict development of metastatic disease in STS patients. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using cDNA microarray and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis to determine gene expression patterns in metastatic versus nonmetastatic canine STSs, given the inherent heterogeneity of this group of tumors. Five STSs from dogs with metastatic disease were evaluated in comparison to eight STSs from dogs without metastasis. Tumor RNA was extracted, processed, and labeled for application to the Affymetrix Canine Genechip 2.0 Array. Array fluorescence was normalized using D-Chip software and data analysis was performed with JMP/Genomics. Differential gene expression was validated using qRT-PCR. Over 200 genes were differentially expressed at a false discovery rate of 5%. Differential gene expression was validated for five genes upregulated in metastatic tumors. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmed increased relative expression of all five genes of interest in the metastatic STSs. Our results demonstrate that microarray and qRT-PCR are feasible methods for comparing gene signatures in canine STSs. Further evaluation of the differences between gene expression in metastatic STSs and in nonmetastatic STSs is likely to identify genes that are important in the development of metastatic disease and improve our ability to prognosticate for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Mahoney
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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22
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Webster JD, Dennis MM, Dervisis N, Heller J, Bacon NJ, Bergman PJ, Bienzle D, Cassali G, Castagnaro M, Cullen J, Esplin DG, Peña L, Goldschmidt MH, Hahn KA, Henry CJ, Hellmén E, Kamstock D, Kirpensteijn J, Kitchell BE, Amorim RL, Lenz SD, Lipscomb TP, McEntee M, McGill LD, McKnight CA, McManus PM, Moore AS, Moore PF, Moroff SD, Nakayama H, Northrup NC, Sarli G, Scase T, Sorenmo K, Schulman FY, Shoieb AM, Smedley RC, Spangler WL, Teske E, Thamm DH, Valli VE, Vernau W, Euler HV, Withrow SJ, Weisbrode SE, Yager J, Kiupel M. Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology. Vet Pathol 2010; 48:7-18. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985810377187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Webster
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - M. M. Dennis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N. Dervisis
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - J. Heller
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N. J. Bacon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - D. Bienzle
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - G. Cassali
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - M. Castagnaro
- Department of Public Health, Comparative Pathology, and Veterinary Hygiene, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - J. Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - L. Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. H. Goldschmidt
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - K. A. Hahn
- Hill’s Pet Nutrition, Inc, Topeka, Kansas
| | - C. J. Henry
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - E. Hellmén
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - D. Kamstock
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - J. Kirpensteijn
- Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - B. E. Kitchell
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - R. L. Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinics, Veterinary Medical School, UNESP, Sao Paulo State University, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - S. D. Lenz
- Depatment of Comparative Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - T. P. Lipscomb
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
| | - M. McEntee
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | | | | | - A. S. Moore
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P. F. Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | - H. Nakayama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N. C. Northrup
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - G. Sarli
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T. Scase
- Bridge Pathology Ltd, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K. Sorenmo
- Ryan Veterinary Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - F. Y. Schulman
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
| | - A. M. Shoieb
- Pfizer, Drug Safety and Research Development, Sandwich, United Kingdom
| | - R. C. Smedley
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | | | - E. Teske
- Department of Companion Animal Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - D. H. Thamm
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - V. E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, Davis, California
| | - W. Vernau
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - H. von Euler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S. J. Withrow
- Animal Cancer Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - S. E. Weisbrode
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - J. Yager
- Yager-Best Histovet, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - M. Kiupel
- Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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23
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Clemente M, Pérez-Alenza MD, Illera JC, Peña L. Histological, Immunohistological, and Ultrastructural Description of Vasculogenic Mimicry in Canine Mammary Cancer. Vet Pathol 2009; 47:265-74. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985809353167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary cancer (IMC) and human inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) are the most aggressive and lethal type of mammary cancer in female dogs and in women. The generation of microvascular channels by malignant tumor cells (endothelial-like cells [ELCs]) without endothelial cell participation (vasculogenic mimicry) has been reported in human breast cancer, including IBC, and is considered a new type of tumor angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of ELCs in highly malignant canine mammary tumors (IMC and non-IMC) by histology, inmunohistochemistry (pancytokeratin, cytokeratin 14, vimentin, actin, desmin, vWF, CD31, and CD34), and electron microscopy. This retrospective study included 21 female dogs with diagnoses of IMC and 20 animals with metastatic grade III noninflammatory malignant mammary tumors (MMT). IMC tumors (33.33%) and MMT (5%) showed ELCs forming structures similar to small capillaries. The histological, immunohistochemical (positive to AE1/AE3 and cytokeratin 14, mostly negative to endothelial markers), and ultrastructural characteristics of these cells indicated vasculogenic mimicry. The higher frequency of this phenomenon in inflammatory versus noninflammatory canine mammary cancer is in agreement with previous studies in experimental and spontaneous human IBC, and it could be in relation with the extremely high lymphangiogenic capacity and metastatic lymphangiotropism characteristics of inflammatory breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Clemente
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M. D. Pérez-Alenza
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J. C. Illera
- Department of Animal Physiology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L. Peña
- Department of Animal Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology, Veterinary Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Correlation of Pretreatment Polarographically Measured Oxygen Pressures with Quantified Contrast-Enhanced Power Doppler Ultrasonography in Spontaneous Canine Tumors and their Impact on Outcome After Radiation Therapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2009; 185:756-62. [DOI: 10.1007/s00066-009-1988-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 08/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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25
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Ohlerth S, Bley CR, Laluhová D, Roos M, Kaser-Hotz B. Assessment of changes in vascularity and blood volume in canine sarcomas and squamous cell carcinomas during fractionated radiation therapy using quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography: a preliminary study. Vet J 2009; 186:58-63. [PMID: 19692273 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy does not only target tumour cells but also affects tumour vascularity. In the present study, changes in tumour vascularity and blood volume were investigated in five grade 1 oral fibrosarcomas, eight other sarcomas (non-oral soft tissue and bone sarcomas) and 12 squamous cell carcinomas in dogs during fractionated radiation therapy (total dose, 45-56 Gy). Contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound was performed before fraction 1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 15 or 16 (sarcomas) or 17 (squamous cell carcinomas). Prior to treatment, median vascularity and blood volume were significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (P=0.0005 and 0.001), whereas measurements did not differ between oral fibrosarcomas and other sarcomas (P=0.88 and 0.999). During the course of radiation therapy, only small, non-significant changes in vascularity and blood volume were observed in all three tumour histology groups (P=0.08 and P=0.213), whereas median tumour volume significantly decreased until the end of treatment (P=0.04 for fibrosarcomas and other sarcomas, P=0.008 for squamous cell carcinomas). It appeared that there was a proportional decrease in tumour volume, vascularity and blood volume. Doppler measurements did not predict progression free interval or survival in any of the three tumour groups (P=0.06-0.86). However, the number of tumours investigated was small and therefore, the results can only be considered preliminary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Ohlerth
- Sections of Diagnostic Imaging and Radio-Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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26
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Loh ZHK, Allan GS, Nicoll RG, Hunt GB. Ultrasonographic characteristics of soft tissue tumours in dogs. Aust Vet J 2009; 87:323-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2009.00460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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27
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Al-Dissi AN, Haines DM, Singh B, Kidney BA. Immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. J Comp Pathol 2009; 141:229-36. [PMID: 19560781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2009.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The expression of five markers associated with tumour angiogenesis, proliferation and apoptosis was studied in 24 canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. Tumours were assigned histological grades and were immunohistochemically evaluated for the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). Additionally, intra-tumour microvessel density (iMVD) was assessed by immunohistochemical labelling for expression of von Willebrand factor (vWf) and tumour proliferation index (PI) was measured following labelling of Ki-67 antigen. Finally, tumour apoptotic index (AI) was determined by application of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP end-labelling method (TUNEL). VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression were detected in 22/24 (92%) and 24/24 (100%) of fibrosarcomas, respectively. There was correlation between VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression (r = 0.51) and between histological grade and PI (r = 0.82). A significant difference in PI between tumours of different histological grade was found (P < 0.05). The median PI in grade 2 and 3 tumours (30.6 and 54.7, respectively) was significantly higher than in grade 1 tumours (6.4). Therefore, only PI correlates significantly with the histological grade of canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas. The potential for autocrine activity for VEGF exists in canine cutaneous fibrosarcomas, as VEGF and VEGFR-2 expression was found in most tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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28
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Elston LB, Sueiro FA, Cavalcanti JN, Metze K. Letter to the Editor: The Importance of the Mitotic Index as a Prognostic Factor for Survival of Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors: A Validation Study. Vet Pathol 2009; 46:362-4, author reply 364-5. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.46-2-362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Konradin Metze
- Postgraduate Course in Pathophysiology Department of Pathology University of Campinas, Brazil
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29
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Correlation of quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography with immunofluorescent analysis of microvessel density in spontaneous canine tumours. Vet J 2008; 183:58-62. [PMID: 18922713 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2008.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Revised: 08/27/2008] [Accepted: 08/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Conventionally, tumour vascularity is assessed invasively by immunofluorescent analysis. Quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound has been used to measure tumour angiogenesis non-invasively in humans and experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to correlate quantified contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasound with immunofluorescent results in 45 spontaneous canine tumours. With power Doppler, mean vascularity was high in squamous cell carcinomas, moderate in malignant oral melanomas and low in sarcomas. There was high mean vascularity in squamous cell carcinomas and low mean vascularity in sarcomas and malignant oral melanomas. Although Doppler parameters correlated moderately with microvascular density for all tumours (P=0.004, r=0.4), they did not correlate within histology groups. These analyses show that vascularity differs among canine tumour histology groups. However, dependent on the method used, measurement of tumour vascularity can provide different biological information.
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30
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Risselada M, van Bree H, Kramer M, Chiers K, Duchateau L, Verleyen P. Correlation of histology of healed fractures and tissue surrounding implants with ultrasonographic and radiographic appearance. J Small Anim Pract 2008; 49:226-32. [PMID: 18373544 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if there was histological correlation with ultrasonographic images of healed fractures and implant-associated tissue after fracture treatment by plate osteotomy. METHODS Eight adult dogs were included in this retrospective study. Ultrasonography (B-mode and power Doppler) and radiography were performed before plate removal. Surgical biopsies were taken of the fracture site and the tissue adjacent to the plate. These were stained with haematoxylin and eosin to assess histomorphology and bone content and immunolabelled with CD31 to assess vascularity. RESULTS Ultrasound and radiographic diagnoses of a healed fracture correlated with histological finding of bone healing. Ultrasonography and histology findings of vascularity were also highly correlated. The tissue surrounding the surgical implants was significantly more vascularised on both ultrasonography and histology than that at the fracture site itself. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ultrasonography can be used to diagnose fracture healing in plated fractures. Power Doppler ultrasonography examination of fracture healing should be performed away from surgical implants to avoid false-positive results of vascularisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Risselada
- Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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31
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Marconato L, Comastri S, Lorenzo MR, Abramo F, Bettini G. Postsurgical intra-incisional 5-fluorouracil in dogs with incompletely resected, extremity malignant spindle cell tumours: a pilot study. Vet Comp Oncol 2007; 5:239-49. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2007.00132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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