1
|
Zhao Q, Zhang M, Gu L, Yang Z, Li Y, Luo J, Zhang Y. Transcriptome and volatile compounds analyses of floral development provide insight into floral scent formation in Paeonia lactiflora 'Wu Hua Long Yu'. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1303156. [PMID: 38434428 PMCID: PMC10904628 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1303156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) is a well-known ornamental plant in China, celebrated for its beautiful flowers that can emit fragrances. However, exact molecular mechanisms governing synthesis of floral volatiles within herbaceous peony remain unclear. To address this gap in knowledge, our study focused on analyzing the transcriptome and the levels of floral volatile compounds in P. lactiflora 'Wu Hua Long Yu' at different stages of flower development. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), we obtained eighteen major volatile compounds, with monoterpenes being the dominant components among them. Our transcriptome analysis, based on pooled sequencing data, revealed the most differentially expressed genes (DEGs) existed between stages S1 and S3 of flower development. Among these DEGs, we identified 89 functional genes associated with the synthesis of volatile monoterpenes, with 28 of these genes showing a positive correlation with the release of monoterpenes. Specifically, key regulators of monoterpene synthesis in herbaceous peony appear to be 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS), geranyl pyrophosphate synthase (GPPS), and terpene synthase (TPS). Additionally, our study identified some transcription factors (TFs) that may be involved in the biosynthesis of monoterpenes. These discoveries offer invaluable illumination into the intricate molecular underpinnings orchestrating the generation of floral fragrances in herbaceous peonies, and they offer a foundation for further research to identify and utilize candidate gene resources for this purpose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Lina Gu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Zihan Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Jianrang Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yanlong Zhang
- College of Landscape Architecture and Arts, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Oil Peony, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu S, Ren S, Bao W, Li X, Zhang Y, Yu B, Li W, Li C, Dong W, Yang G. Identification of the toxin components of Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA and its destructive effect on plant cell membrane structure. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1348257. [PMID: 38414644 PMCID: PMC10896845 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1348257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight is a fungal disease caused mainly by Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. Toxins are a major pathogenic factor of R. solani, and some studies have reported their toxin components; however, there is no unified conclusion. In this study, we reported the toxin components and their targets that play a role in R. solani AG1-IA. First, toxins produced by R. solani AG1-IA were examined. Several important phytotoxins, including benzoic acid (BZA), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furanic aid (HFA), and catechol (CAT), were identified by comparative analysis of secondary metabolites from AG1-IA, AG1-IB, and healthy rice. Follow-up studies have shown that the toxin components of this fungus can rapidly disintegrate the biofilm structure while maintaining the content of host plant membrane components, thereby affecting the organelles, which may also explain the lack of varieties highly resistant to sheath blight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Shaofeng Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Wenjing Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China
| | - Buzhu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Weiqi Li
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chengyun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenhan Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Genhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Protection and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li F, Gong Y, Mason AS, Liu Q, Huang J, Ma M, Xiao M, Wang H, Fu D. Research progress and applications of colorful Brassica crops. PLANTA 2023; 258:45. [PMID: 37462779 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION We review the application and the molecular regulation of anthocyanins in colorful Brassica crops, the creation of new germplasm resources, and the development and utilization of colorful Brassica crops. Brassica crops are widely cultivated: these include oilseed crops, such as rapeseed, mustards, and root, leaf, and stem vegetable types, such as turnips, cabbages, broccoli, and cauliflowers. Colorful variants exist of these crop species, and asides from increased aesthetic appeal, these may also offer advantages in terms of nutritional content and improved stress resistances. This review provides a comprehensive overview of pigmentation in Brassica as a reference for the selection and breeding of new colorful Brassica varieties for multiple end uses. We summarize the function and molecular regulation of anthocyanins in Brassica crops, the creation of new colorful germplasm resources via different breeding methods, and the development and multifunctional utilization of colorful Brassica crop types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Yingying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Annaliese S Mason
- Plant Breeding Department, University of Bonn, Katzenburgweg 5, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Miao Ma
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Meili Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Huadong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Donghui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Guo H, Bi X, Wang Z, Jiang D, Cai M, An M, Xia Z, Wu Y. Reactive oxygen species-related genes participate in resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus infection regulated by boron in Nicotiana benthamiana and watermelon. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1027404. [PMID: 36438146 PMCID: PMC9691971 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1027404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) infection causes acidification and rot of watermelon flesh, resulting in serious economic losses. It is widely reported the interaction relationship between boron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in regulating normal growth and disease resistance in plants. Our previous results demonstrated that exogenous boron could improve watermelon resistance to CGMMV infection. However, the roles of ROS-related genes regulated by boron in resistance to CGMMV infection are unclear. Here, we demonstrated that CGMMV symptoms were alleviated, and viral accumulations were decreased by boron application in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating that boron contributed to inhibiting CGMMV infection. Meanwhile, we found that a number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with inositol biosynthesis, ethylene synthesis, Ca2+ signaling transduction and ROS scavenging system were up-regulated, while many DEGs involved in ABA catabolism, GA signal transduction and ascorbic acid metabolism were down-regulated by boron application under CGMMV infection. Additionally, we individually silenced nine ROS-related genes to explore their anti-CGMMV roles using a tobacco rattle virus (TRV) vector. The results showed that NbCat1, NbGME1, NbGGP and NbPrx Q were required for CGMMV infection, while NbGST and NbIPS played roles in resistance to CGMMV infection. The similar results were obtained in watermelon by silencing of ClCat, ClPrx or ClGST expression using a pV190 vector. This study proposed a new strategy for improving plant resistance to CGMMV infection by boron-regulated ROS pathway and provided several target genes for watermelon disease resistance breeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Guo
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinyue Bi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Jiang
- Green Agricultural Technology Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming Cai
- Green Agricultural Technology Center of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Mengnan An
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zihao Xia
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanhua Wu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Hu X, He H, Zhang X, Guo J, Bai J, Cheng Y. Digital gene expression profiling of the transcriptional response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and its antagonistic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in soybean. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1025771. [PMID: 36406417 PMCID: PMC9666723 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1025771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a common disease in soybean, and effective biological control is urgently needed. We have previously confirmed that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can effectively antagonize S. sclerotiorum in a plate competition experiment and a soybean seedling inoculation experiment. In this study, the mechanisms underlying plant death caused by S. sclerotiorum and soybean resistance to S. sclerotiorum induced by B. amyloliquefaciens were evaluated. The stems of potted soybean seedlings were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum (Gm-Ss), B. amyloliquefaciens (Gm-Ba), and their combination (Gm-Ba-Ss), using scratch treatments as a control, followed by dual RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Global gene expression levels in the Gm-Ss treatment were much lower than those in the Gm-Ba, Gm-Ba-Ss, and Gm groups, suggesting that S. sclerotiorum strongly inhibited global gene expression in soybean. In a pairwise comparison of Gm-Ss vs. Gm, 19983 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Down-regulated DEGs were involved in various KEGG pathways, including ko01110 (biosynthesis of secondary metabolites), ko01100 (metabolic pathways), ko01120 (microbial metabolism in diverse environments), ko00500 (starch and sucrose metabolism), and ko04075 (plant hormone signal transmission), suggesting that S. sclerotiorum inoculation had a serious negative effect on soybean metabolism. In Gm-Ba vs. Gm, 13091 DEGs were identified, and these DEGs were significantly enriched in ko03010 (ribosome) and ko03008 (ribosome biogenesis in eucaryotes). Our results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens increases the expression of genes encoding the ribosomal subunit, promotes cell wall biogenesis, and induces systemic resistance. S. sclerotiorum strongly inhibited metabolism in soybean, inhibited the synthesis of the cytoskeleton, and induced the up-regulation of programmed death and senescence-related genes via an ethylene signal transduction pathway. These results improve our understanding of S. sclerotiorum-induced plant death and soybean resistance to S. sclerotiorum induced by B. amyloliquefaciens and may contribute to the improvement of strategies to avoid yield losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Xianwen Hu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Hongli He
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Xingzheng Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Jinhua Guo
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| | - Jing Bai
- College of Food Science and Biology, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yunqing Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Science and Green Production, Jilin Normal University, Siping, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Wu J, Sun Z, Jiang W, Liu Y, Tang J, Meng X, Su X, Wu L, Wang L, Guo X, Peng D, Xing S. ICP-MS based metallomics and GC-MS based metabolomics reveals the physiological and metabolic responses of Dendrobium huoshanense plants exposed to Fe 3O 4 nanoparticles. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1013756. [PMID: 36245500 PMCID: PMC9558897 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1013756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is found that the growth of Dendrobium huoshanense was dependent on Fe3O4, while the bioavailability of plants to ordinary Fe3O4 was low on the earth. In order to improve the growth, quality and yield of D. huoshanense, we used Fe3O4 NPs (100 or 200 mg/L) that was easily absorbed by plants as nano-fertilizer to hydroponically treat seedlings of D. huoshanense for 3 weeks. Fe3O4 NPs induced not only earlier flowering and increased sugar content and photosynthesis, but also stressed to plants, increased MDA content and related antioxidant enzymes activities. Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) revealed that Fe3O4 NPs caused a significant accumulation of Fe and some other nutrient elements (Mn, Co, B, Mo) in stems of D. huoshanense. Metabolomics revealed that the metabolites were reprogrammed in D. huoshanense when under Fe3O4 NPs exposure. Fe3O4 NPs inhibited antioxidant defense-related pathways, demonstrating that Fe3O4 NPs have antioxidant capacity to protect D. huoshanense from damage. As the first study associating Fe3O4 NPs with the quality of D. huoshanense, it provided vital insights into the molecular mechanisms of how D. huoshanense responds to Fe3O4 NPs, ensuring the reasonable use of Fe3O4 NPs as nano-fertilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zongping Sun
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources in the Nanyue Mountainous Region, College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- College of Humanities and International Education Exchange, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Hormone and Reproduction, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Embryo Development and Reproductive Regulation, Fuyang Normal University, Fuyang, China
| | - Xiaoxi Meng
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Xinglong Su
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Liping Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Longhai Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaohu Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- MOE-Anhui Joint Collaborative Innovation Center for Quality Improvement of Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials, Hefei, China
| | - Shihai Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources Protection and Development, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chu R, Zhang QH, Wei YZ. Effect of enhanced UV-B radiation on growth and photosynthetic physiology of Iris tectorum maxim. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:177-189. [PMID: 35834037 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Iris tectorum Maxim. is an important plant that plays a very crucial role in the ecological welfare of wetlands. In this study, the effects of different intensities of UV-B radiation on the growth, photosynthetic pigment content, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, chloroplast ultrastructure, and gas exchange parameters of Iris tectorum Maxim. were studied. The results showed that enhanced UV-B radiation had a significant influence on the above-mentioned parameters of iris. Compared with the control, enhanced UV-B radiation caused certain damage to the leaf appearance. With the increasing intensity of radiation, the apparent damage degree became more serious. Enhanced UV-B radiation significantly decreased leaf chlorophyll contents, and the effect accumulated with the exposure time. Enhanced UV-B radiation increased Fo, significantly increased the non-photochemical quenching coefficient NPQ, reduced PSII and Qp, and significantly decreased the Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv/Fo in leaves. The effect of UV-B radiation on PSII destruction of Iris tectorum Maxim. increased as the radiation intensity increased and the exposure time prolonged. The chloroplast structure was damaged under the enhanced UV-B radiation. More specifically, thylakoid lamellae were distorted, swelling and even blurred, and a large number of starch granules appeared. The effect of the high intensity of radiation on chloroplast ultrastructure was greater than that of lower intensity. Enhanced UV-B radiation reduced significantly the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, and the degree of degradation increased with the increasing irradiation intensity. However, the intercellular CO2 content increased, which suggests that the main reason for the decrease of photosynthetic rate was the non-stomatal factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Run Chu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
| | - Qin-Hu Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yu-Zhen Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Guo C, Yuan X, Yan F, Xiang K, Wu Y, Zhang Q, Wang Z, He L, Fan P, Yang Z, Chen Z, Sun Y, Ma J. Nitrogen Application Rate Affects the Accumulation of Carbohydrates in Functional Leaves and Grains to Improve Grain Filling and Reduce the Occurrence of Chalkiness. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:921130. [PMID: 35812970 PMCID: PMC9270005 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.921130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chalkiness, which is highly affected by nitrogen (N) management during grain filling, is critical in determining rice appearance quality and consumer acceptability. We investigated the effects of N application rates 75 (N1), 150 (N2), and 225 (N3) kg ha-1 on the source-sink carbohydrate accumulation and grain filling characteristics of two indica hybrid rice cultivars with different chalkiness levels in 2019 and 2020. We further explored the relationship between grain filling and formation of chalkiness in superior and inferior grains. In this study, carbohydrates in the functional leaves and grains of the two varieties, and grain filling parameters, could explain 66.2%, 68.0%, 88.7%, and 91.6% of the total variation of total chalky grain rate and whole chalkiness degree, respectively. They were primarily concentrated in the inferior grains. As the N fertilizer application rate increased, the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree of both the superior and inferior grains decreased significantly. This interfered with the increase in total chalky grain rate and chalkiness. Moreover, the carbohydrate content in the functional leaves increased significantly in N2 and N3 compared with that in N1. The transfer of soluble sugar from the leaves to the grains decreased the soluble sugar and increased total starch contents, accelerated the development of grain length and width, increased grain water content, and effectively alleviated the contradiction between source and sink. These changes promoted the carbohydrate partition in superior and inferior grains, improved their average filling rate in the middle and later stages, optimized the uniformity of inferior grain fillings, and finally led to the overall reduction in rice chalkiness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changchun Guo
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yuan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengjun Yan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Kaihong Xiang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunxia Wu
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonglin Wang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Limei He
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zongkui Chen
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjian Sun
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Ma
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cui L, Deng J, Zhao L, Hu Y, Liu T. Genetic Diversity and Population Genetic Structure of Setosphaeria turcica From Sorghum in Three Provinces of China Using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:853202. [PMID: 35308383 PMCID: PMC8924674 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.853202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Setosphaeria turcica is a heterothallic fungus that is the causal agent of northern leaf blight (NLB), which is a devastating foliar disease of sorghum and maize. Despite of its adversary to crop production, little is known about the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of this pathogen from sorghum. In this study, we explored the utilization of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) molecular markers and three mating type-specific primers to analyze the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and mating type distribution of 87 S. turcica isolates that had been collected in sorghum production areas from three provinces, including Henan, Shaanxi, and Shanxi in China. The populations are featured with moderate genetic diversity and relatively equal mating type distribution of MAT1-1 and MAT1-2. The genetic differentiation was significant (p < 0.05) among different populations except those from Henan and Shanxi provinces that showed particularly frequent gene flow between them. Neither the maxinum likelihood phylogenetic tree, nor principal coordinate analysis, nor genetic structure analysis was able to completely separate the three populations. The relatively low genetic distance and high genetic identification were also observed among the three populations. Nevertheless, the genetic variation within populations was the major source of variation as revealed by AMOVA analysis. The findings of this study have improved our current understanding about the genetic diversity, population genetic structure, and the distribution of mating type of S. turcica, which are useful for unraveling the epidemiology of NLB and developing effective disease management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linkai Cui
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Junli Deng
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Linxi Zhao
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Tingli Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Leisure Agriculture, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Peng B, Zhao X, Wang Y, Li C, Li Y, Zhang D, Shi Y, Song Y, Wang L, Li Y, Wang T. Genome-wide association studies of leaf angle in maize. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:50. [PMID: 37309541 PMCID: PMC10236034 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compact plant-type with small leaf angle has increased canopy light interception, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of the population and higher population yield at high density planting in maize. In this study, a panel of 285 diverse maize inbred lines genotyped with 56,000 SNPs was used to investigate the genetic basis of leaf angle across 3 consecutive years using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). The leaf angle showed broad phenotypic variation and high heritability across different years. Population structure analysis subdivided the panel into four subgroups that correspond to the four major empirical germplasm origins in China, i.e., Tangsipingtou, Reid, Lancaster and P. When tested with the optimal GWAS model, we found that the Q + K model was the best in reducing false positive. In total, 96 SNPs accounting for 5.54-10.44% of phenotypic variation were significantly (P < 0.0001) associated with leaf angle across three years. According to the linkage disequilibrium decay distance, 96 SNPs were binned into 43 QTLs for leaf angle. Seven major QTLs with R2 > 8% stably detected in at least 2 years, and BLUP values were clustered in four genomic regions (bins 2.01, 2.07, 5.06, and 10.04). Seven important candidate genes, Zm00001d001961, Zm00001d006348, Zm00001d006463, Zm00001d017618, Zm00001d024919, Zm00001d025018, and Zm00001d025033 were predicted for the seven stable major QTLs, respectively. The markers identified in this study can be used for molecular breeding for leaf angle, and the candidate genes would contribute to further understanding of the genetic basis of leaf angle. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01241-0.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhao
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding, 300384 Tianjin, China
| | - Chunhui Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yongxiang Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Dengfeng Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yunsu Shi
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yanchun Song
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Lei Wang
- Handan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan, 056001 Hebei China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081 China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zheng J, Liu L, Tao H, An Y, Wang L. Transcriptomic Profiling of Apple Calli With a Focus on the Key Genes for ALA-Induced Anthocyanin Accumulation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:640606. [PMID: 33841467 PMCID: PMC8033201 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.640606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The red color is an attractive trait of fruit and determines its market acceptance. 5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an eco-friendly plant growth regulator, has played a universal role in plant secondary metabolism regulation, particularly in flavonoid biosynthesis. It has been widely reported that ALA can up-regulate expression levels of several structural genes related to flavonoid metabolism and anthocyanin accumulation. However, the molecular mechanisms behind ALA-induced expression of these genes are complicated and still far from being completely understood. In this study, transcriptome analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with ALA-induced anthocyanin accumulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the flavonoid biosynthesis (ko00941) pathway was significantly enhanced in the ALA-treated apple calli at 24, 48, and 72 h after the treatment. Expression pattern revealed that ALA up-regulated the expression of the structural genes related to not only anthocyanin biosynthesis (MdCHS, MdCHI, MdF3'H, MdDFR, MdANS, and MdUFGT) but also anthocyanin transport (MdGST and MdMATE). Two R2R3-MYB transcription factors (MdMYB10 and MdMYB9), which are the known positive regulators of anthocyanin biosynthesis, were significantly induced by ALA. Gene overexpression and RNA interference assays demonstrated that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 were involved in ALA-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Moreover, MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 might positively regulate the transcription of MdMATE8 by binding to the promoter region. These results indicate that MdMYB10 and MdMYB9 modulated structural gene expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis and transport in response to ALA-mediated apple calli coloration at the transcript level. We herein provide new details regarding transcriptional regulation of ALA-induced color development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Longbo Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Huihui Tao
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyan An
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liangju Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu X, Liao G, Huang C, Zhong M, Jia D, Qu X, Liu Q, He Y, Li Y. Differences of sucrose accumulation concentration and related genes expression between two sucrose accumulation types of Actinidia eriantha. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20474. [PMID: 33235266 PMCID: PMC7686340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77464-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the investigation of wild Actinidia eriantha in Jiangxi province of China, we found that soluble solids content of fruit was lower than edible standard (14%). However, we found a high-sugar type A. eriantha line (code was ‘MM24’, test material) during investigative process at Nancheng county (E 116° 48′, N 26° 23′, 845 m). We sheared its scions to asexual reproduction in Fengxin County (rootstock was A. deliciosa ‘Miliang 1’ with 7 years old) and at the same time DUS (Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability) test was also carried out. There were uncontested differences between the two comparative genotypes according to the results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, it can be judged as a new cultivar. In addition, there was great similarity on most important morphological and quality characteristics. While, there was difference on SSC, DM and TS between the two materials on ripen fruit, these indicators were much higher on test material than on control. The sugar degree assessment showed that the sugar degree of test material was strong and retention time was long. Further, no sucrose was found before DAF 135 d in test material and sucrose were significantly higher than in control only at DAF 165 d and DAF 175 d. The qRT-PCR results of sucrose-related genes showed that the relative expression levels of AcSPS1, AcSPS3, AcSPS5 and AcSUS5 genes were consistent with the sucrose accumulation trend, which was probably the main genes for the difference in sugar degree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobiao Xu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. .,College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Guanglian Liao
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.,College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Huang
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Jia
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyan Qu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Liu
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanqun He
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqi Li
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University/Kiwifruit Institute of Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chen Q, Zhang L, Han Y, Fang J, Wang H. Degradation and metabolic pathways of sulfamethazine and enrofloxacin in Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus treatment systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:28198-28208. [PMID: 32415445 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The degradation and metabolic pathways of sulfamethazine (SMZ) and enrofloxacin (ENR) via microalgal treatment systems were investigated in this study. SMZ and ENR applied at 1-25 mg L-1 did not significantly inhibit the growth of Chlorella vulgaris or Scenedesmus obliquus. SMZ and ENR exposure did not significantly alter the maximum quantum efficiencies of C. vulgaris and S. obliquus. When cultured at light intensities of 45-50 μmol photon m-2 s-1, the C. vulgaris and S. obliquus treatment systems achieved 24% and 11% degradation, respectively. The greatest removal of ENR was 52% and 43.3%, for C. vulgaris and S. obliquus treatment systems, respectively, after 15 days. The results indicated that the degradation of SMZ and ENR occurred by a combination of biodegradation and photolysis. Kinetic investigations revealed that the removal of SMZ and ENR (5 mg L-1) followed a first-order model, with apparent rate constants (k) ranging from 0.0141 to 0.0048 day-1 and 0.0132 to 0.0086 day-1, respectively. Fifteen metabolites of SMZ and five intermediates of ENR were identified by UPLC-MS, and degradation pathways for SMZ and ENR were proposed. SMZ transformation reactions included ring cleavage, hydroxylation, methylation, and oxidation, whereas ENR was degraded by dealkylation, decarboxylation, and defluorination. Graphical abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiaohong Chen
- Key laboratory of Hubei Province for the Protection and Utilization of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Mountain Area, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key laboratory of Hubei Province for the Protection and Utilization of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Mountain Area, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yihong Han
- Key laboratory of Hubei Province for the Protection and Utilization of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Mountain Area, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jingyun Fang
- Crean Lutheran High School, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Haiying Wang
- Key laboratory of Hubei Province for the Protection and Utilization of Special Plant Germplasm in Wuling Mountain Area, College of Life Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhang H, Yang Y, Mei X, Li Y, Wu J, Li Y, Wang H, Huang H, Yang M, He X, Zhu S, Liu Y. Phenolic Acids Released in Maize Rhizosphere During Maize-Soybean Intercropping Inhibit Phytophthora Blight of Soybean. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:886. [PMID: 32849668 PMCID: PMC7399372 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Interspecies interactions play a key role in soil-borne disease suppression in intercropping systems. However, there are limited data on the underlying mechanisms of soil-borne Phytophthora disease suppression. Here, a field experiment confirmed the effects of maize and soybean intercropping on Phytophthora blight of soybean caused by Phytophthora sojae. Experimentally, the roots and root exudates of maize were found to attract P. sojae zoospores and inhibit their motility and the germination of cystospores. Furthermore, five phenolic acids (p-coumaric acid, cinnamic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid) that were consistently identified in the root exudates and rhizosphere soil of maize were found to interfere with the infection behavior of P. sojae. Among them, cinnamic acid was associated with significant chemotaxis in zoospores, and p-coumaric acid and cinnamic acid showed strong antimicrobial activity against P. sojae. However, in the rhizosphere soil of soybean, only p-hydroxybenzoic acid, low concentrations of vanillic acid, and ferulic acid were identified. Importantly, the coexistence of five phenolic acids in the maize rhizosphere compared with three phenolic acids in the soybean rhizosphere showed strong synergistic antimicrobial activity against the infection behavior of P. sojae. In summary, the types and concentrations of phenolic acids in maize and soybean rhizosphere soils were found to be crucial factors for Phytophthora disease suppression in this intercropping system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyue Mei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiaqing Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huiling Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huichuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiahong He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory for Agro-Biodiversity and Pest Control of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- China France Plantomix Joint Laboratory, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang Y, Cheng Y, Xu S, Ma H, Han J, Zhang Y. Tree peony variegated flowers show a small insertion in the F3'H gene of the acyanic flower parts. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:211. [PMID: 32398153 PMCID: PMC7216414 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02428-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) cultivar 'Er Qiao' is appreciated for its unstable variegated flower coloration, with cyanic and acyanic flowers appearing on different branches of the same plant and occasionally in a single flower or petal. However, the variegation mechanism is still unclear. RESULTS In this study, we found significantly higher contents and more diverse sets of anthocyanins in the cyanic petals than in the acyanic petals. Comparative transcriptome analysis between the two flower types revealed 477 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Quantitative real-time PCR results verified that the transcript levels of the flavonol synthase (FLS) gene were significantly increased in the acyanic petals. Furthermore, we found that a GCGGCG insertion at 246 bp in the flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase (F3'H) gene-coding region constitutes a duplication of the 241-245 bp section and was consistently found only in acyanic flowers. Sequence alignment of the F3'H gene from different plant species indicated that only the acyanic petals of 'Er Qiao' contained the GCGGCG insertion. The transformation of Arabidopsis tt7-1 lines demonstrated that the ectopic expression of F3'H-cyanic, but not F3'H-acyanic, could complement the colors in the hypocotyl and seed coat. CONCLUSION In summary, we found that an indel in F3'H and the upregulation of FLS drastically reduced the anthocyanin content in acyanic petals. Our results provide molecular candidates for a better understanding of the variegation mechanisms in tree peony.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuzhen Xu
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Luoyang Research Institute of Peony, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Han
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, 471022, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051244. [PMID: 32164169 PMCID: PMC7179402 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhan J, Lu X, Liu H, Zhao Q, Ye G. Mesocotyl elongation, an essential trait for dry-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.): a review of physiological and genetic basis. PLANTA 2019; 251:27. [PMID: 31802259 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03322-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
(1) Mesocotyl elongation is responsive to abiotic stresses, such as deep sowing drought, submergence, chilling, and salinity. (2) Humus soil culture with a burial depth of 6 cm and at the temperature of 30 °C could be the optimum method for mesocotyl length phenotyping, The frequently colocalized quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling mesocotyl elongation were located on chromosome (3) 1 (RM562-RG146), chromosome 2 (RZ288-RM145), and chromosome 3 (RM426-RM520). Dry direct-seeding is becoming a popular rice cultivation technology in many countries, which reduces water use and labor costs enormously. Meanwhile, direct-seeding rice is also facing the problems of low seedling emergence rate, poor seedling establishment, weed infestation, and high crop lodging rate. To take the full advantages of direct-seeding, both agronomic and genetic solutions are needed. Varieties with optimum mesocotyl length are desired for improving rice seedling emergence rate, particularly under deep sowing and submergence, which is adopted to reduce lodging and increase tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this review, we summarized the physiological and genetic mechanisms of mesocotyl elongation in rice. The elongation of mesocotyl is affected by light, temperature, and water, and, as a result, is responsive to sowing depth, water content, and soil salinity. Plant hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroid (BR), strigolactones (SLs), cytokinin (CTK), ethylene (ETH), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellin (GA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) play important roles in regulating mesocotyl elongation. A humus soil culture protocol developed by our team was shown to be a better high-throughput method for measuring mesocotyl length in large scale. Sixty-seven QTL controlling mesocotyl length were reported, which are distributed on all the 12 chromosomes. Twelve chromosomal regions were repeatedly found to have QTL using various mapping populations and methods. These regions should be targeted in future studies to isolate genes and develop markers for molecular breeding. Two genes with very different molecular functions have been cloned, highlighting the genetic complexity of mesocotyl elongation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhui Zhan
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China.
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops and Key Laboratory of Rice Biology in Henan Province, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Guoyou Ye
- CAAS-IRRI Joint Laboratory for Genomics-Assisted Germplasm Enhancement, Agricultural Genomics Institute in Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Shenzhen, 518120, China
- Strategic Innovation Platform, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Influence of Vegetation Coverage and Climate Environment on Soil Organic Carbon in the Qilian Mountains. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17623. [PMID: 31772205 PMCID: PMC6879733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Studying the spatial distribution pattern of soil organic carbon and its influencing factors is essential for understanding the carbon cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil samples from four active layers of typical vegetation types (Populus, subalpine shrubs, Picea crassifolia Kom, and alpine meadow) in the upper reaches of Shiyang River basin in the Qilian Mountains were collected to determine the soil organic carbon content and physicochemical properties. The results show the following: (1) There are significant differences in the vertical distribution of Soil organic carbon in the watershed, and the Soil organic carbon content decreases significantly with increasing soil depth. (2) Mainly affected by biomass, the organic carbon content of different vegetation types in different soil layers is as follows: Alpine meadow > Picea crassifolia Kom > Populus > Subalpine shrub, and the soil organic carbon content increases with increasing altitude. Under different vegetation types, the Soil organic content is the highest in the 0-30 cm soil profile, and the maximum value often appears in the 0-10 cm layer, then gradually decreases downward. (3) When soil organic carbon is determined in different vegetation types in the study area, the change of hydrothermal factors has little effect on soil organic carbon content in the short term.
Collapse
|