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Yue Y, Yin J, Xie J, Wu S, Ding H, Han L, Bie S, Song W, Zhang Y, Song X, Yu H, Li Z. Comparative Analysis of Volatile Compounds in the Flower Buds of Three Panax Species Using Fast Gas Chromatography Electronic Nose, Headspace-Gas Chromatography-Ion Mobility Spectrometry, and Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Molecules 2024; 29:602. [PMID: 38338347 PMCID: PMC10856343 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The flower buds of three Panax species (PGF: P. ginseng; PQF: P. quinquefolius; PNF: P. notoginseng) widely consumed as health tea are easily confused in market circulation. We aimed to develop a green, fast, and easy analysis strategy to distinguish PGF, PQF, and PNF. In this work, fast gas chromatography electronic nose (fast GC e-nose), headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS), and headspace solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) were utilized to comprehensively analyze the volatile organic components (VOCs) of three flowers. Meanwhile, a principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap were applied to distinguish the VOCs identified in PGF, PQF, and PNF. A random forest (RF) analysis was used to screen key factors affecting the discrimination. As a result, 39, 68, and 78 VOCs were identified in three flowers using fast GC e-nose, HS-GC-IMS, and HS-SPME-GC-MS. Nine VOCs were selected as potential chemical markers based on a model of RF for distinguishing these three species. Conclusively, a complete VOC analysis strategy was created to provide a methodological reference for the rapid, simple, and environmentally friendly detection and identification of food products (tea, oil, honey, etc.) and herbs with flavor characteristics and to provide a basis for further specification of their quality and base sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yue
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiaxin Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jingyi Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Shufang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lifeng Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Songtao Bie
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wen Song
- Tianjin HongRenTang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300385, China; (W.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Tianjin HongRenTang Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300385, China; (W.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xinbo Song
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Heshui Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; (Y.Y.); (J.Y.); (J.X.); (S.W.); (H.D.); (L.H.); (S.B.); (X.S.)
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
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Yang X, Xiong Y, Wang H, Jiang M, Xu X, Mi Y, Lou J, Li X, Sun H, Zhao Y, Li X, Yang W. Multicomponent Characterization of the Flower Bud of Panax notoginseng and Its Metabolites in Rat Plasma by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Ion Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27249049. [PMID: 36558182 PMCID: PMC9786607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The flower bud of Panax notoginseng (PNF) consumed as a tonic shows potential in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To identify the contained multi-components and, in particular, to clarify which components can be absorbed and what metabolites are transformed, unveiling the effective substances of PNF is of vital significance. A unique ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) profiling approach and efficient data processing by the UNIFITM bioinformatics platform were employed to comprehensively identify the multi-components of PNF and the related metabolites in the plasma of rats after oral administration (at a dose of 3.6 g/kg). Two MS2 data acquisition modes operating in the negative electrospray ionization mode, involving high-definition MSE (HDMSE) and data-dependent acquisition (DDA), were utilized aimed to extend the coverage and simultaneously ensure the quality of the MS2 spectra. As a result, 219 components from PNF were identified or tentatively characterized, and 40 thereof could be absorbed. Moreover, 11 metabolites were characterized from the rat plasma. The metabolic pathways mainly included the phase I (deglycosylation and oxidation). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that systematically studies the in vivo metabolites of PNF, which can assist in better understanding its tonifying effects and benefit its further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hongda Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Meiting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yueguang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jia Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaohang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - He Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yuying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833 (W.Y.)
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Road, Tianjin 301617, China
- Correspondence: (X.L.); (W.Y.); Tel.: +86-022-5979-1833 (W.Y.)
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Nguyen M, Huyen T, Trinh D, Voronina A. Association of bud and anther morphology with developmental stages of the male gametophyte of melon (Cucumis melo L.). Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genet Selektsii 2022; 26:146-152. [PMID: 35434488 PMCID: PMC8983305 DOI: 10.18699/vjgb-22-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlations between the morphological features of f lower buds and the developmental stages of the male gametophyte are of great practical interest as a reliable marker that accelerates and simplif ies the selection of appropriate plant material for isolated microspore culture. Microspore culture enables one to quickly obtain many pure lines of different vegetable crops, but it has not yet been widely applied in the melon (Cucumis melo L.). To successfully apply this technique in a new culture, one has to optimize many of its elements: f irst, f ind the biological markers for selecting the f lower buds containing the microspores of certain development stages. The paper presents the results of research estimating the correlations between the length and diameter of the f lower buds, the length of the visual part of the corolla, the length of the anthers and the development stages of the male gametophyte in the F1 hybrid of the Kim Hong Ngoc melon. The strongest correlation (CC = 0.885) was found for the f lower bed diameter and a strong correlation (CC = 0.880), for the bud length. The corolla's visual part was a less reliable morphological feature, and the anther's length should not be used as a parameter to predict the developmental stages of the melon's male gametophyte. It was also found that one anther could contain the microspores and pollen grains of different developmental stages. In the f lower buds less than 4 mm in length and 1.51 ± 0.02 mm in diameter prevailed tetrads, and in the buds 4.0-4.9 mm in length and 2.30 ± 0.02 mm in diameter, early microspores. The microspores of a middle stage of development prevailed in the f lower buds 5.0-5.9 mm in length and 2.32 ± 0.00 mm in diameter; mid and late vacuolated microspores, in the buds 6.0-8.9 mm in length and 2.96 ± 0.37 mm in diameter; and two-celled pollen, in the buds more than 9 mm in length and more than 3.97 ± 0.34 mm in diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.L. Nguyen
- Da Nang University – University of Education and Science, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - T.N.B.T. Huyen
- Da Nang University – University of Education and Science, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - D.M. Trinh
- Da Nang University – University of Education and Science, Da Nang City, Vietnam
| | - A.V. Voronina
- Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy, Moscow, Russia
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Hyeon H, Hyun HB, Go B, Kim SC, Jung YH, Ham YM. Profiles of Essential Oils and Correlations with Phenolic Acids and Primary Metabolites in Flower Buds of Magnolia heptapeta and Magnolia denudata var. purpurascens. Molecules 2021; 27:221. [PMID: 35011454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnolia flower buds are a source of herbal medicines with various active compounds. In this study, differences in the distribution and abundance of major essential oils, phenolic acids, and primary metabolites between white flower buds of Magnolia heptapeta and violet flower buds of Magnolia denudata var. purpurascens were characterised. A multivariate analysis revealed clear separation between the white and violet flower buds with respect to primary and secondary metabolites closely related to metabolic systems. White flower buds contained large amounts of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MH), phenolic acids, aromatic amino acids, and monosaccharides, related to the production of isoprenes, as MH precursors, and the activity of MH synthase. However, concentrations of β-myrcene, a major MH compound, were higher in violet flower buds than in white flower buds, possibly due to higher threonine levels and low acidic conditions induced by comparatively low levels of some organic acids. Moreover, levels of stress-related metabolites, such as oxygenated monoterpenes, proline, and glutamic acid, were higher in violet flower buds than in white flower buds. Our results support the feasibility of metabolic profiling for the identification of phytochemical differences and improve our understanding of the correlated biological pathways for primary and secondary metabolites.
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Okada K, Wada M, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Nakajima M, Moriya S, Shimizu T, Abe K. Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1205-1216. [PMID: 32333787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of 'McIntosh', exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, 'McIntosh Wijcik' contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Okada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Taku Shimizu
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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Chen C, Zeng L, Zhao H, Ye Q. Proteomic Analysis of the Early Development of the Phalaenopsis amabilis Flower Bud under Low Temperature Induction Using the iTRAQ/MRM Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E1244. [PMID: 32164169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Phalaenopsis amabilis, one of the most important plants in the international flower market due to its graceful shape and colorful flowers, is an orchid that undergoes vernalization and requires low-temperature treatment for flowering. There have been few reports on the proteomics of the development of flower buds. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) were used to identify 5064 differentially expressed proteins in P. amabilis under low-temperature treatment; of these, 42 were associated with early floral induction, and 18 were verified by mass spectrometry multi-reaction monitoring (MRM). The data are available via ProteomeXchange under identifier PXD013908. Among the proteins associated with the vernalization pathway, PEQU_11434 (glycine-rich RNA-binding protein GRP1A-like) and PEQU_19304 (FT, VRN3 homolog) were verified by MRM, and some other important proteins related to vernalization and photoperiod pathway that were detected by iTRAQ but not successfully verified by MRM, such as PEQU_11045 (UDP-N-acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase), phytochromes A (PEQU_13449, PEQU_35378), B (PEQU_09249), and C (PEQU_41401). Our data revealed a regulation network of the early development of flower buds in P. amabilis under low temperature induction.
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Jia L, Zuo T, Zhang C, Li W, Wang H, Hu Y, Wang X, Qian Y, Yang W, Yu H. Simultaneous Profiling and Holistic Comparison of the Metabolomes among the Flower Buds of Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Panax notoginseng by UHPLC/IM-QTOF-HDMS E-Based Metabolomics Analysis. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112188. [PMID: 31212627 PMCID: PMC6600391 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The flower buds of three Panax species (PGF: flower bud of P. ginseng; PQF: flower bud of P. quinquefolius; PNF: flower bud of P. notoginseng), widely consumed as healthcare products, are easily confused particularly in the extracts or traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae. We are aimed to develop an untargeted metabolomics approach, by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) to unveil the chemical markers diagnostic for the differentiation of PGF, PQF, and PNF. Key parameters affecting chromatographic separation and MS detection were optimized in sequence. Forty-two batches of flower bud samples were analyzed in negative high-definition MSE (HDMSE; enabling three-dimensional separations). Efficient metabolomics data processing was performed by Progenesis QI (Waters, Milford, MA, USA), while pattern-recognition chemometrics was applied for species classification and potential markers discovery. Reference compounds comparison, analysis of both HDMSE and targeted MS/MS data, and retrieval of an in-house ginsenoside library, were simultaneously utilized for the identification of discovered potential markers. Satisfactory conditions for metabolite profiling were achieved on a BEH Shield RP18 column and Vion™ IMS-QTOF instrument (Waters; by setting the capillary voltage of 1.0 kV and the cone of voltage 20 V) within 37 min. A total of 32 components were identified as the potential markers, of which Rb3, Ra1, isomer of m-Rc/m-Rb2/m-Rb3, isomer of Ra1/Ra2, Rb1, and isomer of Ra3, were the most important for differentiating among PGF, PQF, and PNF. Conclusively, UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS-based metabolomics is a powerful tool for the authentication of TCM at the metabolome level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Tiantian Zuo
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Chunxia Zhang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Weiwei Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Hongda Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Ying Hu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuexin Qian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Wenzhi Yang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of TCM Chemistry and Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Heshui Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Wang YH, Chen JP, Gao J, Zhang X, Chen Y, Chen DH. [Effect of soil salinity on insecticidal protein expression in flower buds of Bt cotton.]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao 2018; 29:3017-3023. [PMID: 30411578 DOI: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201809.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the effects of soil salinity on the insect-resistance of flower buds in transgenic Bt cotton of Xinmian 33B (salt-sensitive) and Zhong 07 (salt-tolerant), five levels (0, 0.15%, 0.30%, 0.45% and 0.60%) of soil salinity were set to investigate the impacts of soil salinity on Bt protein content, relative expression of Bt gene, activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes and substances in flower buds during flowering stage. The results showed that Bt protein contents of flower buds decreased with increasing soil salinity. The Bt protein contents of flower buds decreased significantly when the soil salinity level was above 0.30% in both cotton cutivars. Greater reduction of Bt protein content occurred under severe than moderate soil salinity stress. However, the relative expression of Cry1Ac gene increased in flower buds of both cultivars when the stress level increased. Greater decreases of Bt protein content of flower buds was observed in Xinmian 33B compared to Zhong 07 under the same salinity level. The cultivars with greater reduction in Bt protein contents of flower buds also had greater reduction in the soluble protein content, glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities, and greater increments in free amino acid contents, protease activities and peptidase activities. Therefore, the decrease of Bt protein content was caused by decreased synthesis and increased decomposition of protein in flower buds of Bt cotton under soil salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hui Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Coastal Area/Ministry of Agriculture Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Ping Chen
- Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Coastal Area/Ministry of Agriculture Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin Gao
- Jiangsu Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Coastal Area/Ministry of Agriculture Observation and Experimental Station of Saline Land of Costal Area, Yancheng 224001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - De Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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Hahn NG, Isaacs R. Assessing the Economic Importance of Dasineura oxycoccana (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) in Northern Highbush Blueberries. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:1910-1914. [PMID: 26470334 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Infestation by blueberry gall midge, Dasineura oxycoccana Johnson, is common in northern highbush blueberries, but its effects on crop productivity are unknown. We examined whether infestation by blueberry gall midge reduces flower bud production when compared with uninfested shoots, and how infestation at different times affects the crop response. From the fall of 2009 to the spring of 2011, the number of flower buds on infested and uninfested shoots of blueberry bushes was counted and compared. Despite causing branching of vegetative growth, there was no significant effect of infestation on flower bud production. During the summer of 2010, damaged shoots were marked throughout the growing season in June, July, or August. The number of flower buds set per shoot declined with later infestation dates, and shoots damaged in August had significantly fewer buds than those damaged in June and July. We discuss the implications of these findings for management of blueberry gall midge in northern highbush blueberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Hahn
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202 CIPS, East Lansing, MI 48824. Current address: Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08903.
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, 202 CIPS, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Fayos O, Vallés MP, Garcés-Claver A, Mallor C, Castillo AM. Doubled haploid production from Spanish onion (Allium cepa L.) germplasm: embryogenesis induction, plant regeneration and chromosome doubling. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:384. [PMID: 26074944 PMCID: PMC4448004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of doubled haploids in onion breeding is limited due to the low gynogenesis efficiency of this species. Gynogenesis capacity from Spanish germplasm, including the sweet cultivar Fuentes de Ebro, the highly pungent landrace BGHZ1354 and the two Valenciana type commercial varieties Recas and Rita, was evaluated and optimized in this study. The OH-1 population, characterized by a high gynogenesis induction, was used as control. Growing conditions of the donor plants were tested with a one-step protocol and field plants produced a slightly higher percentage of embryogenesis induction than growth chamber plants. A one-step protocol was compared with a two-step protocol for embryogenesis induction. Spanish germplasm produced a 2-3 times higher percentage of embryogenesis with the two-step protocol, Recas showing the highest percentage (2.09%) and Fuentes de Ebro the lowest (0.53%). These percentages were significantly lower than those from the OH-1 population, with an average of 15% independently of the protocol used. The effect of different containers on plant regeneration was tested using both protocols. The highest percentage of acclimated plants was obtained with the two-step protocol in combination with Eco2box (70%), whereas the lowest percentage was observed with glass tubes in the two protocols (20-23%). Different amiprofos-methyl (APM) treatments were applied to embryos for chromosome doubling. A similar number of doubled haploid plants were recovered with 25 or 50 μM APM in liquid medium. However, the application of 25 μM in solid medium for 24 h produced the highest number of doubled haploid plants. Somatic regeneration from flower buds of haploid and mixoploid plants proved to be a successful approach for chromosome doubling, since diploid plants were obtained from the four regenerated lines. In this study, doubled haploid plants were produced from the four Spanish cultivars, however further improvements are needed to increase their gynogenesis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oreto Fayos
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de AragónZaragoza, Spain
| | - María P. Vallés
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Garcés-Claver
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de AragónZaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Mallor
- Unidad de Hortofruticultura, Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de AragónZaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M. Castillo
- Departamento de Genética y Producción Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (EEAD-CSIC)Zaragoza, Spain
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