1
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Homma M, Uchida K, Wakabayashi T, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and BAHD acyltransferases drive the structural diversification of orobanchol in Fabaceae plants. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1392212. [PMID: 38699535 PMCID: PMC11063326 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1392212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), a class of plant apocarotenoids, serve dual roles as rhizosphere-signaling molecules and plant hormones. Orobanchol, a major naturally occurring SL, along with its various derivatives, has been detected in the root exudates of plants of the Fabaceae family. Medicaol, fabacyl acetate, and orobanchyl acetate were identified in the root exudates of barrel medic (Medicago truncatula), pea (Pisum sativum), and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), respectively. Although the biosynthetic pathway leading to orobanchol production has been elucidated, the biosynthetic pathways of the orobanchol derivatives have not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we report the identification of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (DOXs) and BAHD acyltransferases responsible for converting orobanchol to these derivatives in Fabaceae plants. First, the metabolic pathways downstream of orobanchol were analyzed using substrate feeding experiments. Prohexadione, an inhibitor of DOX inhibits the conversion of orobanchol to medicaol in barrel medic. The DOX inhibitor also reduced the formation of fabacyl acetate and fabacol, a precursor of fabacyl acetate, in pea. Subsequently, we utilized a dataset based on comparative transcriptome analysis to select a candidate gene encoding DOX for medicaol synthase in barrel medic. Recombinant proteins of the gene converted orobanchol to medicaol. The candidate genes encoding DOX and BAHD acyltransferase for fabacol synthase and fabacol acetyltransferase, respectively, were selected by co-expression analysis in pea. The recombinant proteins of the candidate genes converted orobanchol to fabacol and acetylated fabacol. Furthermore, fabacol acetyltransferase and its homolog in cowpea acetylated orobanchol. The kinetics and substrate specificity analyses revealed high affinity and strict recognition of the substrates of the identified enzymes. These findings shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the structural diversity of SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Homma
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kiyono Uchida
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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2
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Hirai MY, Mizutani M, Nakamura Y. Revisiting Plant Metabolite Functions. Plant Cell Physiol 2023; 64:1433-1435. [PMID: 38079218 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masami Yokota Hirai
- Metabolic Systems Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Plant Lipid Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
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3
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Umemoto N, Yasumoto S, Yamazaki M, Asano K, Akai K, Lee HJ, Akiyama R, Mizutani M, Nagira Y, Saito K, Muranaka T. Integrated gene-free potato genome editing using transient transcription activator-like effector nucleases and regeneration-promoting gene expression by Agrobacterium infection. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:211-218. [PMID: 38420569 PMCID: PMC10901161 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0530a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Genome editing is highly useful for crop improvement. The method of expressing genome-editing enzymes using a transient expression system in Agrobacterium, called agrobacterial mutagenesis, is a shortcut used in genome-editing technology to improve elite varieties of vegetatively propagated crops, including potato. However, with this method, edited individuals cannot be selected. The transient expression of regeneration-promoting genes can result in shoot regeneration from plantlets, while the constitutive expression of most regeneration-promoting genes does not result in normally regenerated shoots. Here, we report that we could obtain genome-edited potatoes by positive selection. These regenerated shoots were obtained via a method that combined a regeneration-promoting gene with the transient expression of a genome-editing enzyme gene. Moreover, we confirmed that the genome-edited potatoes obtained using this method did not contain the sequence of the binary vector used in Agrobacterium. Our data have been submitted to the Japanese regulatory authority, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT), and we are in the process of conducting field tests for further research on these potatoes. Our work presents a powerful method for regarding regeneration and acquisition of genome-edited crops through transient expression of regeneration-promoting gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yasumoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Muneo Yamazaki
- National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan
| | - Kenji Asano
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Kotaro Akai
- National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Hokkaido 082-0081, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yozo Nagira
- Agri-Bio Research Center, Kaneka Co., Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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4
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Akiyama R, Umemoto N, Mizutani M. Recent advances in steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis in the genus Solanum. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2023; 40:185-191. [PMID: 38293253 PMCID: PMC10824493 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.23.0717b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized metabolites found in members of Solanum species, and are also known as toxic substances in Solanum food crops such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), and eggplant (Solanum melongena). SGA biosynthesis can be divided into two main parts: formation of steroidal aglycones, which are derived from cholesterol, and glycosylation at the C-3 hydroxy group. This review focuses on recent studies that shed light on the complete process of the aglycone formation in SGA biosynthesis and structural diversification of SGAs by duplicated dioxygenases, as well as the development of non-toxic potatoes through genome editing using these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Hatada M, Akiyama R, Yamagishi M, Ishizaki K, Mizutani M. MpDWF5A-encoded sterol Δ7-reductase is essential for the normal growth and development of Marchantia polymorpha. Plant Cell Physiol 2023:7161702. [PMID: 37178336 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Sterols are the essential components of the eukaryotic cell membranes. However, studies on sterol biosynthesis in bryophytes are limited. This study analyzed the sterol profiles in the bryophyte model plant Marchantia polymorpha L. The thalli contained typical phytosterols such as campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol. BLASTX analysis of the M. polymorpha genome against the Arabidopsis thaliana sterol biosynthetic genes confirmed the presence of all of the enzymes responsible for sterol biosynthesis in M. polymorpha. In this study, we focused on characterizing two genes, MpDWF5A and MpDWF5B, which showed high homology with A. thaliana DWF5, encoding Δ5,Δ7-sterol Δ7-reductase. Functional analysis using a yeast expression system revealed that MpDWF5A converted 7-dehydrocholesterol to cholesterol, indicating that MpDWF5A is a Δ5,Δ7-sterol Δ7-reductase. Mpdwf5a-knockout lines (Mpdwf5a-ko) were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. GC-MS analysis of Mpdwf5a-ko revealed that phytosterols such as campesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol disappeared, and instead, the corresponding Δ7-type sterols accumulated. The thalli of Mpdwf5a-ko grew smaller than those of the wild type, and excessive formation of apical meristem in the thalli was observed. In addition, the gemma cups of the Mpdwf5a-ko were incomplete, and only a limited number of gemma formations were observed. Treatment with 1 µM of castesterone or 6-deoxocastasterone, a bioactive brassinosteroid, partly restored some of these abnormal phenotypes, but far from complete recovery. These results indicate that MpDWF5A is essential for the normal growth and development of M. polymorpha and suggest that the dwarfism caused by the MpDWF5A defect is due to the deficiency of typical phytosterols and, in part, a brassinosteroid-like compound derived from phytosterols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hatada
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Moeko Yamagishi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kimitsune Ishizaki
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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6
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Shimizu K, Akiyama R, Okamura Y, Ogawa C, Masuda Y, Sakata I, Watanabe B, Sugimoto Y, Kushida A, Tanino K, Mizutani M. Solanoeclepin B, a hatching factor for potato cyst nematode. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadf4166. [PMID: 36921046 PMCID: PMC10017031 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf4166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potato cyst nematode (PCN) causes extensive crop losses worldwide. Because the hatching of PCN requires host-derived molecules known as hatching factors (HFs), regulating HF production in host plants may help to control this harmful pest. Solanoeclepin A (SEA), isolated from potato, is the most active HF for PCN; however, its biosynthesis is completely unknown. We discovered a HF called solanoeclepin B (SEB) from potato and tomato root exudates and showed that SEB was biosynthesized in the plant and converted to SEA outside the plant by biotic agents. Moreover, we identified five SEB biosynthetic genes encoding three 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases and two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in tomato. Exudates from tomato hairy roots in which each of the genes was disrupted contained no SEB and had low hatch-stimulating activity for PCN. These findings will help to breed crops with a lower risk of PCN infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Okamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ogawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Itaru Sakata
- Technology Application Research Team, Department of Research Promotion, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- The Jikei University School of Medicine, 8-3-1 Kokuryo, Chohu, Tokyo 182-8570, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kushida
- Technology Application Research Team, Department of Research Promotion, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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7
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Wakabayashi T, Moriyama D, Miyamoto A, Okamura H, Shiotani N, Shimizu N, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Corrigendum: Identification of novel canonical strigolactones produced by tomato. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1151993. [PMID: 36860902 PMCID: PMC9969883 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1151993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064378.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Moriyama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Miyamoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironori Okamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanami Shiotani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimizu
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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8
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Wakabayashi T, Moriyama D, Miyamoto A, Okamura H, Shiotani N, Shimizu N, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Identification of novel canonical strigolactones produced by tomato. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1064378. [PMID: 36589093 PMCID: PMC9794758 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1064378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Canonical strigolactones (SLs), such as orobanchol, consist of a tricyclic lactone ring (ABC-ring) connected to a methylbutenolide (D-ring). Tomato plants have been reported to produce not only orobanchol but also various canonical SLs related to the orobanchol structure, including orobanchyl acetate, 7-hydroxyorobanchol isomers, 7-oxoorobanchol, and solanacol. In addition to these, structurally unidentified SL-like compounds known as didehydroorobanchol isomers (DDHs), whose molecular mass is 2 Da smaller than that of orobanchol, have been found. Although the SL biosynthetic pathway in tomato is partially characterized, structural elucidation of DDHs is required for a better understanding of the entire biosynthetic pathway. In this study, three novel canonical SLs with the same molecular mass as DDHs were identified in tomato root exudates. The first was 6,7-didehydroorobanchol, while the other two were not in the DDH category. These two SLs were designated phelipanchol and epiphelipanchol because they induced the germination of Phelipanche ramosa, a noxious root parasitic weed of tomato. We also proposed a putative biosynthetic pathway incorporating these novel SLs from orobanchol to solanacol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Moriyama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Ayumi Miyamoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hironori Okamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nanami Shiotani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Shimizu
- Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kameoka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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9
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Fujii H, Sato N, Kimura Y, Mizutani M, Kusama M, Sumitomo N, Chiba E, Shigemoto Y, Takao M, Takayama Y, Iwasaki M, Nakagawa E, Mori H. MR Imaging Detection of CNS Lesions in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: The Usefulness of T1WI with Chemical Shift Selective Images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1202-1209. [PMID: 35835590 PMCID: PMC9575409 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE CNS lesions of tuberous sclerosis complex are diagnosed mainly by T2WI, FLAIR, and sometimes T1WI with magnetization transfer contrast. The usefulness of T1WI with chemical shift selective images was recently reported in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb, which has histopathologic and imaging features similar to those of tuberous sclerosis complex. We investigated the usefulness of the T1WI with chemical shift selective images in detecting CNS lesions of tuberous sclerosis complex. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 25 consecutive patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (mean age, 11.9 [SD, 8.9] years; 14 males) who underwent MR imaging including T1WI, T1WI with magnetization transfer contrast, T1WI with chemical shift selective, T2WI, and FLAIR images. Two neuroradiologists assessed the number of CNS lesions in each sequence and compared them in 2 steps: among T1WI, T1WI with magnetization transfer contrast and T1WI with chemical shift selective images, and among T2WI, FLAIR, and T1WI with chemical shift selective images. We calculated the contrast ratio of the cortical tubers and of adjacent normal-appearing gray matter and the contrast ratio of radial migration lines and adjacent normal-appearing white matter in each sequence and compared them. RESULTS T1WI with chemical shift selective images was significantly superior to T1WI with magnetization transfer contrast for the detection of radial migration lines and contrast ratio of radial migration lines. There was no significant difference between T1WI with chemical shift selective images and T1WI with magnetization transfer contrast for the detection of cortical tubers and the contrast ratio of the cortical tubers. Both T2WI and FLAIR were statistically superior to T1WI with chemical shift selective images for the detection of cortical tubers. T1WI with chemical shift selective images was significantly superior to T2WI and FLAIR for the detection of radial migration lines. CONCLUSIONS The usefulness of T1WI with chemical shift selective images in detecting radial migration lines was demonstrated. Our findings suggest that the combination of T1WI with chemical shift selective images, T2WI, and FLAIR would be useful to evaluate the CNS lesions of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex in daily clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fujii
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.).,Department of Radiology (H.F., H.M.), Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - N Sato
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.)
| | - Y Kimura
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.)
| | - M Mizutani
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., M.T.)
| | - M Kusama
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.)
| | | | - E Chiba
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.)
| | - Y Shigemoto
- From the Departments of Radiology (H.F., N.Sato, Y.K., M.K., E.C., Y.S.)
| | - M Takao
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (M.M., M.T.)
| | - Y Takayama
- Neurosurgery (Y.T., M.I.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Iwasaki
- Neurosurgery (Y.T., M.I.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - H Mori
- Department of Radiology (H.F., H.M.), Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
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10
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Akiyama R, Watanabe B, Kato J, Nakayasu M, Lee HJ, Umemoto N, Muranaka T, Saito K, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. Tandem Gene Duplication of Dioxygenases Drives the Structural Diversity of Steroidal Glycoalkaloids in the Tomato Clade. Plant Cell Physiol 2022; 63:981-990. [PMID: 35560060 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains α-tomatine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid (SGA), which functions as a defense compound to protect against pathogens and herbivores; interestingly, wild species in the tomato clade biosynthesize a variety of SGAs. In cultivated tomato, the metabolic detoxification of α-tomatine during tomato fruit ripening is an important trait that aided in its domestication, and two distinct 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases (DOXs), a C-23 hydroxylase of α-tomatine (Sl23DOX) and a C-27 hydroxylase of lycoperoside C (Sl27DOX), are key to this process. There are tandemly duplicated DOX genes on tomato chromosome 1, with high levels of similarity to Sl23DOX. While these DOX genes are rarely expressed in cultivated tomato tissues, the recombinant enzymes of Solyc01g006580 and Solyc01g006610 metabolized α-tomatine to habrochaitoside A and (20R)-20-hydroxytomatine and were therefore named as habrochaitoside A synthase (HAS) and α-tomatine 20-hydroxylase (20DOX), respectively. Furthermore, 20DOX and HAS exist in the genome of wild tomato S. habrochaites accession LA1777, which accumulates habrochaitoside A in its fruits, and their expression patterns were in agreement with the SGA profiles in LA1777. These results indicate that the functional divergence of α-tomatine-metabolizing DOX enzymes results from gene duplication and the neofunctionalization of catalytic activity and gene expression, and this contributes to the structural diversity of SGAs in the tomato clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasyo, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
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11
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Moriyama D, Wakabayashi T, Shiotani N, Yamamoto S, Furusato Y, Yabe K, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Identification of 6-epi-heliolactone as a biosynthetic precursor of avenaol in Avena strigosa. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2022; 86:998-1003. [PMID: 35561745 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbac069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) known as rhizosphere signaling molecules and plant hormones regulating shoot architecture, are classified into two distinct groups, canonical and non-canonical SLs based on their structures. Avenaol, a non-canonical SL found in the root exudates of black oat (Avena strigosa), has a characteristic bicyclo[4.1.0]heptane skeleton. Elucidating the biosynthetic mechanism of this peculiar structure is a challenge for further understanding the structural diversification of non-canonical SLs. In this study, a novel non-canonical SL, 6-epi-heliolactone in black oat root exudates was identified. Feeding experiments showed that 6-epi-heliolactone was a biosynthetic intermediate between methyl carlactonoate and avenaol. Inhibitor experiments proposed the involvement of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase in converting 6-epi-heliolactone to avenaol. These results provide new insights into the stereochemistry diversity of non-canonical SLs and a basis to explore the biosynthetic pathway causing avenaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Moriyama
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanami Shiotani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Furusato
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kohki Yabe
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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12
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Mizutani M, Mitsui H, Amano T, Ogawa Y, Deguchi N, Shimada S, Miwa A, Kawamura T, Ogido Y. Two cases of axillary lymphadenopathy diagnosed as diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma developed shortly after
BNT162b2 COVID
‐19 vaccination. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2022; 36:e613-e615. [PMID: 35398921 PMCID: PMC9114986 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.18136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mizutani
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo‐kita Medical Center
| | - H. Mitsui
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi
| | - T. Amano
- Department of Pathology Tokyo‐kita Medical Center
| | - Y. Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi
| | - N. Deguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi
| | - S. Shimada
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi
| | - A. Miwa
- Department of Hematology Tokyo‐kita Medical Center
| | - T. Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine University of Yamanashi
| | - Y. Ogido
- Department of Dermatology Tokyo‐kita Medical Center
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13
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Akiyama R, Nakayasu M, Umemoto N, Kato J, Kobayashi M, Lee HJ, Sugimoto Y, Iijima Y, Saito K, Muranaka T, Mizutani M. Tomato E8 Encodes a C-27 Hydroxylase in Metabolic Detoxification of α-Tomatine during Fruit Ripening. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:775-783. [PMID: 34100555 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains α-tomatine, a steroidal glycoalkaloid that contributes to the plant defense against pathogens and herbivores through its bitter taste and toxicity. It accumulates at high levels in all the plant tissues, especially in leaves and immature green fruits, whereas it decreases during fruit ripening through metabolic conversion to the nontoxic esculeoside A, which accumulates in the mature red fruit. This study aimed to identify the gene encoding a C-27 hydroxylase that is a key enzyme in the metabolic conversion of α-tomatine to esculeoside A. The E8 gene, encoding a 2-oxoglutalate-dependent dioxygenase, is well known as an inducible gene in response to ethylene during fruit ripening. The recombinant E8 was found to catalyze the C-27 hydroxylation of lycoperoside C to produce prosapogenin A and is designated as Sl27DOX. The ripe fruit of E8/Sl27DOX-silenced transgenic tomato plants accumulated lycoperoside C and exhibited decreased esculeoside A levels compared with the wild-type (WT) plants. Furthermore, E8/Sl27DOX deletion in tomato accessions resulted in higher lycoperoside C levels in ripe fruits than in WT plants. Thus, E8/Sl27DOX functions as a C-27 hydroxylase of lycoperoside C in the metabolic detoxification of α-tomatine during tomato fruit ripening, and the efficient detoxification by E8/27DOX may provide an advantage in the domestication of cultivated tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
- Laboratory of Plant Gene Expression, Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292 Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Midori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292 Japan
- Plant Molecular Science Center, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
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14
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Nakayasu M, Umemoto N, Akiyama R, Ohyama K, Lee HJ, Miyachi H, Watanabe B, Muranaka T, Saito K, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. Characterization of C-26 aminotransferase, indispensable for steroidal glycoalkaloid biosynthesis. Plant J 2021; 108:81-92. [PMID: 34273198 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites found in members of the Solanaceae, such as Solanum tuberosum (potato) and Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). The major potato SGAs are α-solanine and α-chaconine, which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. Previously, we have characterized two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase that function in hydroxylation at the C-22, C-26 and C-16α positions, but the aminotransferase responsible for the introduction of a nitrogen moiety into the steroidal skeleton remains uncharacterized. Here, we show that PGA4 encoding a putative γ-aminobutyrate aminotransferase is involved in SGA biosynthesis in potatoes. The PGA4 transcript was expressed at high levels in tuber sprouts, in which SGAs are abundant. Silencing the PGA4 gene decreased potato SGA levels and instead caused the accumulation of furostanol saponins. Analysis of the tomato PGA4 ortholog, GAME12, essentially provided the same results. Recombinant PGA4 protein exhibited catalysis of transamination at the C-26 position of 22-hydroxy-26-oxocholesterol using γ-aminobutyric acid as an amino donor. Solanum stipuloideum (PI 498120), a tuber-bearing wild potato species lacking SGA, was found to have a defective PGA4 gene expressing the truncated transcripts, and transformation of PI 498120 with functional PGA4 resulted in the complementation of SGA production. These findings indicate that PGA4 is a key enzyme for transamination in SGA biosynthesis. The disruption of PGA4 function by genome editing will be a viable approach for accumulating valuable steroidal saponins in SGA-free potatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Central Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. Fukuura 1-13-5, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohyama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro, Tokyo, 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hyoung J Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyachi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai 1-1, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
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15
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Wakabayashi T, Yasuhara R, Miura K, Takikawa H, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Specific methylation of (11R)-carlactonoic acid by an Arabidopsis SABATH methyltransferase. Planta 2021; 254:88. [PMID: 34586497 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An Arabidopsis S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferase belonging to the SABATH family catalyzes the specific carboxymethylation of (11R)-carlactonoic acid. Methyl carlactonoate (MeCLA), found in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) as a non-canonical strigolactone (SL), may be a biosynthetic intermediate of various non-canonical SLs and biologically active as a plant hormone. MeCLA is formed from carlactonoic acid (CLA), but the methyltransferases (MTs) converting CLA to MeCLA remain unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated that the carboxymethylation of acidic plant hormones is catalyzed by the same protein family, the SABATH family (Wang et al. in Evol Bioinform 15:117693431986086. https://doi.org/10.1177/1176934319860864 , 2019). In the present study, we focused on the At4g36470 gene, an Arabidopsis SABATH MT gene co-expressed with the MAX1 gene responsible for CLA formation for biochemical characterization. The recombinant At4g36470 protein expressed in Escherichia coli exhibited exclusive activity against naturally occurring (11R)-CLA among the substrates, including CLA enantiomers and a variety of acidic plant hormones. The apparent Km value for (11R)-CLA was 1.46 μM, which was relatively smaller than that of the other Arabidopsis SABATH MTs responsible for the carboxymethylation of acidic plant hormones. The strict substrate specificity and high affinity of At4g36470 suggested it is an (11R)-CLA MT. We also confirmed the function of the identified gene by reconstructing MeCLA biosynthesis using transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that At4g36470 and its orthologs in non-canonical SL-producing plants cluster together in an exclusive clade, suggesting that the SABATH MTs of this clade may be involved in the carboxymethylation of CLA and the biosynthesis of non-canonical SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryo Yasuhara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba-Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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16
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Watanabe B, Makino K, Mizutani M, Takaya H. Synthesis and structural confirmation of calibagenin and saxosterol. Tetrahedron 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Wakabayashi T, Ishiwa S, Shida K, Motonami N, Suzuki H, Takikawa H, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Identification and characterization of sorgomol synthase in sorghum strigolactone biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:902-913. [PMID: 33793911 PMCID: PMC8133691 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), first identified as germination stimulants for root parasitic weeds, act as endogenous phytohormones regulating shoot branching and as root-derived signal molecules mediating symbiotic communications in the rhizosphere. Canonical SLs typically have an ABCD ring system and can be classified into orobanchol- and strigol-type based on the C-ring stereochemistry. Their simplest structures are 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO) and 5-deoxystrigol (5DS), respectively. Diverse canonical SLs are chemically modified with one or more hydroxy or acetoxy groups introduced into the A- and/or B-ring of these simplest structures, but the biochemical mechanisms behind this structural diversity remain largely unexplored. Sorgomol in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) is a strigol-type SL with a hydroxy group at C-9 of 5DS. In this study, we characterized sorgomol synthase. Microsomal fractions prepared from a high-sorgomol-producing cultivar of sorghum, Sudax, were shown to convert 5DS to sorgomol. A comparative transcriptome analysis identified SbCYP728B subfamily as candidate genes encoding sorgomol synthase. Recombinant SbCYP728B35 catalyzed the conversion of 5DS to sorgomol in vitro. Substrate specificity revealed that the C-8bS configuration in the C-ring of 5DS stereoisomers was essential for this reaction. The overexpression of SbCYP728B35 in Lotus japonicus hairy roots, which produce 5DS as an endogenous SL, also resulted in the conversion of 5DS to sorgomol. Furthermore, SbCYP728B35 expression was not detected in nonsorgomol-producing cultivar, Abu70, suggesting that this gene is responsible for sorgomol production in sorghum. Identification of the mechanism modifying parental 5DS of strigol-type SLs provides insights on how plants biosynthesize diverse SLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Ishiwa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kasumi Shida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Noriko Motonami
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa-kamatari 2-6-7, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Author for communication:
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18
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Watanabe D, Takahashi I, Jaroensanti-Tanaka N, Miyazaki S, Jiang K, Nakayasu M, Wada M, Asami T, Mizutani M, Okada K, Nakajima M. The apple gene responsible for columnar tree shape reduces the abundance of biologically active gibberellin. Plant J 2021; 105:1026-1034. [PMID: 33211343 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic expression of the apple 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (DOX, 2ODD) gene, designated MdDOX-Co, is thought to cause the columnar shape of apple trees. However, the mechanism underlying the formation of such a unique tree shape remains unclear. To solve this problem, we demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana overexpressing MdDOX-Co contained reduced levels of biologically active gibberellin (GA) compared with wild type. In summary: (i) with biochemical approaches, the gene product MdDOX-Co was shown to metabolize active GA A4 (GA4 ) to GA58 (12-OH-GA4 ) in vitro. MdDOX-Co also metabolized its precursors GA12 and GA9 to GA111 (12-OH-GA12 ) and GA70 (12-OH-GA9 ), respectively; (ii) Of the three 12-OH-GAs, GA58 was still active physiologically, but not GA70 or GA111 ; (iii) Arabidopsis MdDOX-Co OE transformants converted exogenously applied deuterium-labeled (d2 )-GA12 to d2 -GA111 but not to d2 -GA58 , whereas transformants converted applied d2 -GA9 to d2 -GA58 ; (iv) GA111 is converted poorly to GA70 by GA 20-oxidases in vitro when GA12 is efficiently metabolized to GA9 ; (v) no GA58 was detected endogenously in MdDOX-Co OE transformants. Overall, we conclude that 12-hydroxylation of GA12 by MdDOX-Co prevents the biosynthesis of biologically active GAs in planta, resulting in columnar phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Watanabe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ikuo Takahashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naiyanate Jaroensanti-Tanaka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sho Miyazaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuma Okada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate, 020-0123, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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19
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Wakabayashi T, Shinde H, Shiotani N, Yamamoto S, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Conversion of methyl carlactonoate to heliolactone in sunflower. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:2215-2222. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1826477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hikaru Shinde
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Nanami Shiotani
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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20
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Shimizu K, Kushida A, Akiyama R, Lee HJ, Okamura Y, Masuda Y, Sakata I, Tanino K, Matsukida S, Inoue T, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. Hatching stimulation activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids toward the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:319-325. [PMID: 33088195 PMCID: PMC7557651 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0516a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyst nematodes (Globodera spp. and Heterodera spp.) are highly evolved sedentary endoparasites that are considered as harmful pests worldwide. The hatching of the dormant eggs of cyst nematodes occurs in response to hatching factors (HFs), which are compounds that are secreted from the roots of host plants. Solanoeclepin A (SEA), a triterpene compound, has been isolated as HF for potato cyst nematode (PCN) eggs, whereas other compounds, such as steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs), are also known to show weak hatching stimulation (HS) activity. However, the structures of both compounds are different and the HF-mediated hatching mechanism is still largely unknown. In the present study, we observed specific hatching of PCN eggs stimulated by the hairy root culture media of potato and tomato, revealing the biosynthesis and secretion of HFs. SGAs, such as α-solanine, α-chaconine, and α-tomatine, showed significant HS activity, despite being remarkably less activities than that of SEA. Then, we evaluated the contribution of SGAs on the HS activities of the hairy root culture media. The estimated SGAs content in the hairy root culture media were low and nonconcordant with the HS activity of those, suggesting that the HS activity of SGAs did not contribute much. The analysis of structure-activity relationship revealed that the structural requirements of the HS activity of SGAs are dependent on the sugar moieties attached at the C3-hydoroxyl group and the alkaloid property of their aglycones. The stereochemistry in the EF rings of their aglycone also affected the strength of the HS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Shimizu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Kushida
- Plant Nematology Group, Division of Agro-environmental Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuya Okamura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Masuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Itaru Sakata
- Plant Nematology Group, Division of Agro-environmental Research, Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8555, Japan
| | - Keiji Tanino
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Seiji Matsukida
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., 345 Takada, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0216, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Inoue
- Odawara Research Center, Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., 345 Takada, Odawara, Kanagawa 250-0216, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-78-803-5885 Fax: +81-78-803-5884
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Iwasa S, Takahashi S, Hirao M, Kato K, Shitara K, Sato Y, Hamakawa T, Horinouchi H, Tahara M, Chin K, Mizutani M, Suzuki T, Takase T, Matsunaga R, Mukohara T. 583P Effect of infusion rate, premedication, and prophylactic peg-filgrastim treatment on the safety of the liposomal formulation of eribulin (E7389-LF): Results from the expansion part of a phase I study. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Okada K, Wada M, Takebayashi Y, Kojima M, Sakakibara H, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Nakajima M, Moriya S, Shimizu T, Abe K. Columnar growth phenotype in apple results from gibberellin deficiency by ectopic expression of a dioxygenase gene. Tree Physiol 2020; 40:1205-1216. [PMID: 32333787 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The apple cultivar McIntosh Wijcik, which is a mutant of 'McIntosh', exhibits a columnar growth phenotype (short internodes, few lateral branches, many spurs, etc.) that is controlled by a dominant Co gene. The candidate gene (MdDOX-Co), encoding a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, is located adjacent to an insertion mutation. Non-columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the roots, whereas columnar apples express MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts as well as in the roots. However, the function of MdDOX-Co remains unknown. Here, we characterized tobacco plants overexpressing MdDOX-Co. The tobacco plants showed the typical dwarf phenotype, which was restored by application of gibberellin A3 (GA3). Moreover, the dwarf tobacco plants had low concentrations of endogenous bioactive gibberellin A1 (GA1) and gibberellin A4 (GA4). Similarly, 'McIntosh Wijcik' contained low endogenous GA4 concentration and its dwarf traits (short main shoot and internodes) were partially reversed by GA3 application. These results indicate that MdDOX-Co is associated with bioactive GA deficiency. Interestingly, GA3 application to apple trees also resulted in an increased number of lateral branches and a decrease in flower bud number, indicating that gibberellin (GA) plays important roles in regulating apple tree architecture by affecting both lateral branch formation (vegetative growth) and flower bud formation (reproductive growth). We propose that a deficiency of bioactive GA by ectopic expression of MdDOX-Co in the aerial parts of columnar apples not only induces dwarf phenotypes but also inhibits lateral branch development and promotes flower bud formation, and assembly of these multiple phenotypes constructs the columnar tree form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Okada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Masato Wada
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shigeki Moriya
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Taku Shimizu
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Abe
- Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Nabeyashiki, Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan
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Yasumoto S, Sawai S, Lee HJ, Mizutani M, Saito K, Umemoto N, Muranaka T. Targeted genome editing in tetraploid potato through transient TALEN expression by Agrobacterium infection. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2020; 37:205-211. [PMID: 32821228 PMCID: PMC7434673 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.20.0525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Genome editing using site-specific nucleases, such as transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9), is a powerful technology for crop breeding. For plant genome editing, the genome-editing reagents are usually expressed in plant cells from stably integrated transgenes within the genome. This requires crossing processes to remove foreign nucleotides from the genome to generate null segregants. However, in highly heterozygous plants such as potato, the progeny lines have different agronomic traits from the parent cultivar and do not necessarily become elite lines. Agrobacteria can transfer exogenous genes on T-DNA into plant cells. This has been used both to transform plants stably and to express the genes transiently in plant cells. Here, we infected potato, with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring TALEN-expression vector targeting sterol side chain reductase 2 (SSR2) gene and regenerated shoots without selection. We obtained regenerated lines with disrupted-SSR2 gene and without transgene of the TALEN gene, revealing that their disruption should be caused by transient gene expression. The strategy using transient gene expression by Agrobacterium that we call Agrobacterial mutagenesis, developed here should accelerate the use of genome-editing technology to modify heterozygous plant genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satoru Sawai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-6-6879-7423 Fax: +81-6-6879-7426
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Wakabayashi T, Shida K, Kitano Y, Takikawa H, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. CYP722C from Gossypium arboreum catalyzes the conversion of carlactonoic acid to 5-deoxystrigol. Planta 2020; 251:97. [PMID: 32306106 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CYP722C from cotton, a homolog of the enzyme involved in orobanchol synthesis in cowpea and tomato, catalyzes the conversion of carlactonoic acid to 5-deoxystrigol. Strigolactones (SLs) are important phytohormones with roles in the regulation of plant growth and development. These compounds also function as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere by interacting with beneficial arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and harmful root parasitic plants. Canonical SLs, such as 5-deoxystrigol (5DS), consist of a tricyclic lactone ring (ABC-ring) connected to a methylbutenolide (D-ring). Although it is known that 5DS biosynthesis begins with carlactonoic acid (CLA) derived from β-carotene, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of CLA remains elusive. Recently, we identified cytochrome P450 (CYP) CYP722C as the enzyme that catalyzes direct conversion of CLA to orobanchol in cowpea and tomato (Wakabayashi et al., Sci Adv 5:eaax9067, 2019). Orobanchol has a different C-ring configuration from that of 5DS. The present study aimed to characterize the homologous gene, designated GaCYP722C, from cotton (Gossypium arboreum) to examine whether this gene is involved in 5DS biosynthesis. Expression of GaCYP722C was upregulated under phosphate starvation, which is an SL-producing condition. Recombinant GaCYP722C was expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell expression system and was found to catalyze the conversion of CLA to 5DS but not to 4-deoxyorobanchol. These results strongly suggest that GaCYP722C from cotton is a 5DS synthase and that CYP722C is the crucial CYP subfamily involved in the generation of canonical SLs, irrespective of the different C-ring configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kasumi Shida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yurie Kitano
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
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Nakayasu M, Akiyama R, Kobayashi M, Lee HJ, Kawasaki T, Watanabe B, Urakawa S, Kato J, Sugimoto Y, Iijima Y, Saito K, Muranaka T, Umemoto N, Mizutani M. Identification of α-Tomatine 23-Hydroxylase Involved in the Detoxification of a Bitter Glycoalkaloid. Plant Cell Physiol 2020; 61:21-28. [PMID: 31816045 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) contain steroidal glycoalkaloid α-tomatine, which functions as a chemical barrier to pathogens and predators. α-Tomatine accumulates in all tissues and at particularly high levels in leaves and immature green fruits. The compound is toxic and causes a bitter taste, but its presence decreases through metabolic conversion to nontoxic esculeoside A during fruit ripening. This study identifies the gene encoding a 23-hydroxylase of α-tomatine, which is a key to this process. Some 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases were selected as candidates for the metabolic enzyme, and Solyc02g062460, designated Sl23DOX, was found to encode α-tomatine 23-hydroxylase. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant Sl23DOX protein demonstrated that it catalyzes the 23-hydroxylation of α-tomatine and the product spontaneously isomerizes to neorickiioside B, which is an intermediate in α-tomatine metabolism that appears during ripening. Leaves of transgenic tomato plants overexpressing Sl23DOX accumulated not only neorickiioside B but also another intermediate, lycoperoside C (23-O-acetylated neorickiioside B). Furthermore, the ripe fruits of Sl23DOX-silenced transgenic tomato plants contained lower levels of esculeoside A but substantially accumulated α-tomatine. Thus, Sl23DOX functions as α-tomatine 23-hydroxylase during the metabolic processing of toxic α-tomatine in tomato fruit ripening and is a key enzyme in the domestication of cultivated tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Midori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Takashi Kawasaki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011 Japan
| | - Shingo Urakawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Junpei Kato
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
| | - Yoko Iijima
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-ogino, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0292 Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675 Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501 Japan
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Akiyama R, Lee HJ, Nakayasu M, Osakabe K, Osakabe Y, Umemoto N, Saito K, Muranaka T, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. Characterization of steroid 5α-reductase involved in α-tomatine biosynthesis in tomatoes. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2019; 36:253-263. [PMID: 31983879 PMCID: PMC6978498 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.1030a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine are steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) that accumulate in the mature green fruits, leaves, and flowers of tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) and function as defensive compounds against pathogens and predators. The aglycones of α-tomatine and dehydrotomatine are tomatidine and dehydrotomatidine (5,6-dehydrogenated tomatidine), and tomatidine is derived from dehydrotomatidine via four reaction steps: C3 oxidation, isomerization, C5α reduction, and C3 reduction. Our previous studies (Lee et al. 2019) revealed that Sl3βHSD is involved in the three reactions except for C5α reduction, and in the present study, we aimed to elucidate the gene responsible for the C5α reduction step in the conversion of dehydrotomatidine to tomatidine. We characterized the two genes, SlS5αR1 and SlS5αR2, which show high homology with DET2, a brassinosteroid 5α reductase of Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression pattern of SlS5αR2 is similar to those of SGA biosynthetic genes, while SlS5αR1 is ubiquitously expressed, suggesting the involvement of SlS5αR2 in SGA biosynthesis. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant proteins revealed that both of SlS5αR1 and SlS5αR2 catalyze the reduction of tomatid-4-en-3-one at C5α to yield tomatid-3-one. Then, SlS5αR1- or SlS5αR2-knockout hairy roots were constructed using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing. In the SlS5αR2-knockout hairy roots, the α-tomatine level was significantly decreased and dehydrotomatine was accumulated. On the other hand, no change in the amount of α-tomatine was observed in the SlS5αR1-knockout hairy root. These results indicate that SlS5αR2 is responsible for the C5α reduction in α-tomatine biosynthesis and that SlS5αR1 does not significantly contribute to α-tomatine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkoudai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-78-803-5885 Fax: +81-78-803-5884
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Wakabayashi T, Hamana M, Mori A, Akiyama R, Ueno K, Osakabe K, Osakabe Y, Suzuki H, Takikawa H, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Direct conversion of carlactonoic acid to orobanchol by cytochrome P450 CYP722C in strigolactone biosynthesis. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaax9067. [PMID: 32064317 PMCID: PMC6989309 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs) are carotenoid-derived phytohormones and rhizosphere signaling molecules for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root parasitic weeds. Why and how plants produce diverse SLs are unknown. Here, cytochrome P450 CYP722C is identified as a key enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of BC-ring closure leading to orobanchol, the most prevalent canonical SL. The direct conversion of carlactonoic acid to orobanchol without passing through 4-deoxyorobanchol is catalyzed by the recombinant enzyme. By knocking out the gene in tomato plants, orobanchol was undetectable in the root exudates, whereas the architecture of the knockout and wild-type plants was comparable. These findings add to our understanding of the function of the diverse SLs in plants and suggest the potential of these compounds to generate crops with greater resistance to infection by noxious root parasitic weeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Wakabayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Misaki Hamana
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ayami Mori
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kotomi Ueno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kazusa-kamatari 2-6-7, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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Yasumoto S, Umemoto N, Lee HJ, Nakayasu M, Sawai S, Sakuma T, Yamamoto T, Mizutani M, Saito K, Muranaka T. Efficient genome engineering using Platinum TALEN in potato. Plant Biotechnol (Tokyo) 2019; 36:167-173. [PMID: 31768118 PMCID: PMC6854339 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.19.0805a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is one of the most important crops in the world. However, it is generally difficult to breed a new variety of potato crops because they are highly heterozygous tetraploid. Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) such as α-solanine and α-chaconine found in potato are antinutritional specialized metabolites. Because of their toxicity following intake, controlling the SGA levels in potato varieties is critical in breeding programs. Recently, genome-editing technologies using artificial site-specific nucleases such as TALEN and CRISPR-Cas9 have been developed and used in plant sciences. In the present study, we developed a highly active Platinum TALEN expression vector construction system, and applied to reduce the SGA contents in potato. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we obtained three independent transgenic potatoes harboring the TALEN expression cassette targeting SSR2 gene, which encodes a key enzyme for SGA biosynthesis. Sequencing analysis of the target sequence indicated that all the transformants could be SSR2-knockout mutants. Reduced SGA phenotype in the mutants was confirmed by metabolic analysis using LC-MS. In vitro grown SSR2-knockout mutants exhibited no differences in morphological phenotype or yields when compared with control plants, indicating that the genome editing of SGA biosynthetic genes such as SSR2 could be a suitable strategy for controlling the levels of toxic metabolites in potato. Our simple and powerful plant genome-editing system, developed in the present study, provides an important step for future study in plant science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Yasumoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-45-503-9491 Fax: +81-45-503-9489
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Satoru Sawai
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- E-mail: Tel: +81-6-6879-7423 Fax: +81-6-6879-7426
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Nomura Y, Seki H, Suzuki T, Ohyama K, Mizutani M, Kaku T, Tamura K, Ono E, Horikawa M, Sudo H, Hayashi H, Saito K, Muranaka T. Functional specialization of UDP-glycosyltransferase 73P12 in licorice to produce a sweet triterpenoid saponin, glycyrrhizin. Plant J 2019; 99:1127-1143. [PMID: 31095780 PMCID: PMC6851746 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a sweet triterpenoid saponin found in the roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza species (licorice), is an important active ingredient in traditional herbal medicine. We previously identified two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP88D6 and CYP72A154, that produce an aglycone of glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhetinic acid, in Glycyrrhiza uralensis. The sugar moiety of glycyrrhizin, which is composed of two glucuronic acids, makes it sweet and reduces its side-effects. Here, we report that UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) 73P12 catalyzes the second glucuronosylation as the final step of glycyrrhizin biosynthesis in G. uralensis; the UGT73P12 produced glycyrrhizin by transferring a glucuronosyl moiety of UDP-glucuronic acid to glycyrrhetinic acid 3-O-monoglucuronide. We also obtained a natural variant of UGT73P12 from a glycyrrhizin-deficient (83-555) strain of G. uralensis. The natural variant showed loss of specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid and resulted in the production of an alternative saponin, glucoglycyrrhizin. These results are consistent with the chemical phenotype of the 83-555 strain, and suggest the contribution of UGT73P12 to glycyrrhizin biosynthesis in planta. Furthermore, we identified Arg32 as the essential residue of UGT73P12 that provides high specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid. These results strongly suggest the existence of an electrostatic interaction between the positively charged Arg32 and the negatively charged carboxy group of UDP-glucuronic acid. The functional arginine residue and resultant specificity for UDP-glucuronic acid are unique to UGT73P12 in the UGT73P subfamily. Our findings demonstrate the functional specialization of UGT73P12 for glycyrrhizin biosynthesis during divergent evolution, and provide mechanistic insights into UDP-sugar selectivity for the rational engineering of sweet triterpenoid saponins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhta Nomura
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
- Present address:
RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science2‐1 HirosawaWakoSaitama351‐0198Japan
| | - Hikaru Seki
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
| | - Tomonori Suzuki
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohyama
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Materials ScienceTokyo Institute of Technology2‐12‐1 O‐okayama, Meguro‐kuTokyo152‐8551Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural ScienceKobe University1‐1 Rokkodai‐cho, Nada‐kuKobeHyogo657‐8501Japan
| | - Tomomi Kaku
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Keita Tamura
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Suntory Global Innovation Center LtdResearch Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, Seika‐cho, Soraku‐gunKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Suntory Foundation for Life SciencesBioorganic Research Institute8‐1‐1 Seikadai, Seika‐cho, Soraku‐gunKyoto619‐0284Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sudo
- Tokiwa Phytochemical Co., Ltd158 KinokoSakuraChiba285‐0801Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hayashi
- School of PharmacyIwate Medical University2‐1‐1 NishitokutaYahaba, Iwate028‐3694Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical SciencesChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8675Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of BiotechnologyGraduate School of EngineeringOsaka University2‐1 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka565‐0871Japan
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science1‐7‐22 Suehiro‐cho, Tsurumi‐kuYokohamaKanagawa230‐0045Japan
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Lee HJ, Nakayasu M, Akiyama R, Kobayashi M, Miyachi H, Sugimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K, Muranaka T, Mizutani M. Identification of a 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase/ 3-Ketosteroid Reductase Involved in α-Tomatine Biosynthesis in Tomato. Plant Cell Physiol 2019; 60:1304-1315. [PMID: 30892648 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
α-Tomatine and dehydrotomatine are major steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) that accumulate in the mature green fruits, leaves and flowers of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and function as defensive compounds against bacteria, fungi, insects and animals. The aglycone of dehydrotomatine is dehydrotomatidine (5,6-dehydrogenated tomatidine, having the Δ5,6 double bond; the dehydro-type). The aglycone of α-tomatine is tomatidine (having a single bond between C5 and C6; the dihydro-type), which is believed to be derived from dehydrotomatidine via four reaction steps: C3 oxidation, isomerization, C5 reduction and C3 reduction; however, these conversion processes remain uncharacterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that a short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase/reductase designated Sl3βHSD is involved in the conversion of dehydrotomatidine to tomatidine in tomato. Sl3βHSD1 expression was observed to be high in the flowers, leaves and mature green fruits of tomato, in which high amounts of α-tomatine are accumulated. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant Sl3βHSD1 protein revealed that Sl3βHSD1 catalyzes the C3 oxidation of dehydrotomatidine to form tomatid-4-en-3-one and also catalyzes the NADH-dependent C3 reduction of a 3-ketosteroid (tomatid-3-one) to form tomatidine. Furthermore, during co-incubation of Sl3βHSD1 with SlS5αR1 (steroid 5α-reductase) the four reaction steps converting dehydrotomatidine to tomatidine were completed. Sl3βHSD1-silenced transgenic tomato plants accumulated dehydrotomatine, with corresponding decreases in α-tomatine content. Furthermore, the constitutive expression of Sl3βHSD1 in potato hairy roots resulted in the conversion of potato SGAs to the dihydro-type SGAs. These results demonstrate that Sl3βHSD1 is a key enzyme involved in the conversion processes from dehydrotomatidine to tomatidine in α-tomatine biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Midori Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Haruka Miyachi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
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Fujiyama K, Hino T, Kanadani M, Watanabe B, Jae Lee H, Mizutani M, Nagano S. Structural insights into a key step of brassinosteroid biosynthesis and its inhibition. Nat Plants 2019; 5:589-594. [PMID: 31182839 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0436-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are essential plant steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development1. The most potent BR, brassinolide, is produced by addition of many oxygen atoms to campesterol by several cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs). CYP90B1 (also known as DWF4) catalyses the 22(S)-hydroxylation of campesterol and is the first and rate-limiting enzyme at the branch point of the biosynthetic pathway from sterols to BRs2. Here we show the crystal structure of Arabidopsis thaliana CYP90B1 complexed with cholesterol as a substrate. The substrate-binding conformation explains the stereoselective introduction of a hydroxy group at the 22S position, facilitating hydrogen bonding of brassinolide with the BR receptor3-5. We also determined the crystal structures of CYP90B1 complexed with uniconazole6,7 or brassinazole8, which inhibit BR biosynthesis. The two inhibitors are structurally similar; however, their binding conformations are unexpectedly different. The shape and volume of the active site pocket varies depending on which inhibitor or substrate is bound. These crystal structures of plant CYPs that function as membrane-anchored enzymes and exhibit structural plasticity can inform design of novel inhibitors targeting plant membrane-bound CYPs, including those involved in BR biosynthesis, which could then be used as plant growth regulators and agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Fujiyama
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hino
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanadani
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Functional Phytochemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shingo Nagano
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan.
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32
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Mizutani M, Fukumori K, Noguchi H, Kino-oka M. Development of a novel modular system for cell production: reproducibility of an iPS cell-based products in manufacturing using the motion-controlled machinery. Cytotherapy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.03.382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fujioka H, Samejima H, Suzuki H, Mizutani M, Okamoto M, Sugimoto Y. Aberrant protein phosphatase 2C leads to abscisic acid insensitivity and high transpiration in parasitic Striga. Nat Plants 2019; 5:258-262. [PMID: 30804511 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Striga parasitizes major crops in arid regions, depriving the host crop of nutrients through the transpiration stream and causing vast agricultural damage. Here, we report on the mechanism underlying how Striga maintains high transpiration under drought conditions. We found that Striga did not respond to abscisic acid, the phytohormone responsible for controlling stomatal closure. Protein phosphatase 2C of Striga (ShPP2C1) is not regulated by abscisic acid receptors, and this feature is attributable to specific mutations in its amino acid sequence. Moreover, Arabidopsis transformed with ShPP2C1 showed an abscisic acid-insensitive phenotype, indicating that ShPP2C1 functions as a dominant negative regulator of abscisic acid signal transduction. These findings suggest that ShPP2C1 interrupts abscisic acid signalling in Striga, resulting in high transpiration and subsequent efficient absorption of host nutrients under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijiri Fujioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Samejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research & Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Japan.
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
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Abstract
The common name witchweed synonymous with the Latin name Striga befits the bewitching effects, viz wilting and chlorosis, the parasite inflicts on its hosts long before it emerges and becomes visible above the ground. However, interactions in the rhizosphere between host roots and Striga seedlings are concealed and inscrutable. In vitro experiments revealed that abscisic acid was produced by S. hermonthica seedlings and a considerable portion of the phytohormone was exuded. The phytohormone in the rhizosphere could, at least in part, contribute to the bewitching effects, disrupt host immunity and promote commencement of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hijiri Fujioka
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Samejima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masanori Okamoto
- Center for Bioscience Research and Education, Utsunomiya University, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- CONTACT Yukihiro Sugimoto Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Ono E, Murata J, Toyonaga H, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Yamamoto MP, Umezawa T, Horikawa M. Formation of a Methylenedioxy Bridge in (+)-Epipinoresinol by CYP81Q3 Corroborates with Diastereomeric Specialization in Sesame Lignans. Plant Cell Physiol 2018; 59:2278-2287. [PMID: 30085233 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites are often found as lineage-specific diastereomeric isomers. For example, Sesamum alatum accumulates the specialized metabolite (+)-2-episesalatin, a furofuran-type lignan with a characteristic diastereomeric configuration rarely found in other Sesamum spp. However, little is known regarding how diastereomeric specificity in lignan biosynthesis is implemented in planta. Here, we show that S. alatum CYP81Q3, a P450 orthologous to S. indicum CYP81Q1, specifically catalyzes methylenedioxy bridge (MDB) formation in (+)-epipinoresinol to produce (+)-pluviatilol. Both (+)-epipinoresinol and (+)-pluviatilol are putative intermediates of (+)-2-episesalatin based on their diastereomeric configurations. On the other hand, CYP81Q3 accepts neither (+)- nor (-)-pinoresinol as a substrate. This diastereomeric selectivity of CYP81Q3 is in clear contrast to that of CYP81Q1, which specifically converts (+)-pinoresinol to (+)-sesamin via (+)-piperitol by the sequential formation of two MDBs but does not accept (+)-epipinoresinol as a substrate. Moreover, (+)-pinoresinol does not interfere with the conversion of (+)-epipinoresinol to (+)-pluviatilol by CYP81Q3. Amino acid substitution and CO difference spectral analyses show that polymorphic residues between CYP81Q1 and CYP81Q3 proximal to their putative substrate pockets are crucial for the functional diversity and stability of these two enzymes. Our data provide clues to understanding how the lineage-specific functional differentiation of respective biosynthetic enzymes substantiates the stereoisomeric diversity of lignan structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiichiro Ono
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Murata
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masayuki P Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Umezawa
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, Japan
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Nakayasu M, Akiyama R, Lee HJ, Osakabe K, Osakabe Y, Watanabe B, Sugimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K, Muranaka T, Mizutani M. Generation of α-solanine-free hairy roots of potato by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing of the St16DOX gene. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018; 131:70-77. [PMID: 29735370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major food crop, while the most tissues of potato accumulates steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) α-solanine and α-chaconine. Since SGAs confer a bitter taste on human and show the toxicity against various organisms, reducing the SGA content in the tubers is requisite for potato breeding. However, generation of SGA-free potato has not been achieved yet, although silencing of several SGA biosynthetic genes led a decrease in SGAs. Here, we show that the knockout of St16DOX encoding a steroid 16α-hydroxylase in SGA biosynthesis causes the complete abolition of the SGA accumulation in potato hairy roots. Nine candidate guide RNA (gRNA) target sequences were selected from St16DOX by in silico analysis, and the two or three gRNAs were introduced into a CRISPR/Cas9 vector designated as pMgP237-2A-GFP that can express multiplex gRNAs based on the pre-tRNA processing system. To establish rapid screening of the candidate gRNAs that can efficiently mutate the St16DOX gene, we used a potato hairy root culture system for the introduction of the pMgP237 vectors. Among the transgenic hairy roots, two independent lines showed no detectable SGAs but accumulated the glycosides of 22,26-dihydroxycholesterol, which is the substrate of St16DOX. Analysis of the two lines with sequencing exhibited the mutated sequences of St16DOX with no wild-type sequences. Thus, generation of SGA-free hairy roots of tetraploid potato was achieved by the combination of the hairy root culture and the pMgP237-2A-GFP vector. This experimental system is useful to evaluate the efficacy of candidate gRNA target sequences in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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37
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Nakayasu M, Akiyama R, Lee HJ, Osakabe K, Osakabe Y, Watanabe B, Sugimoto Y, Umemoto N, Saito K, Muranaka T, Mizutani M. Generation of α-solanine-free hairy roots of potato by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated genome editing of the St16DOX gene. Plant Physiol Biochem 2018. [PMID: 29735370 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a major food crop, while the most tissues of potato accumulates steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) α-solanine and α-chaconine. Since SGAs confer a bitter taste on human and show the toxicity against various organisms, reducing the SGA content in the tubers is requisite for potato breeding. However, generation of SGA-free potato has not been achieved yet, although silencing of several SGA biosynthetic genes led a decrease in SGAs. Here, we show that the knockout of St16DOX encoding a steroid 16α-hydroxylase in SGA biosynthesis causes the complete abolition of the SGA accumulation in potato hairy roots. Nine candidate guide RNA (gRNA) target sequences were selected from St16DOX by in silico analysis, and the two or three gRNAs were introduced into a CRISPR/Cas9 vector designated as pMgP237-2A-GFP that can express multiplex gRNAs based on the pre-tRNA processing system. To establish rapid screening of the candidate gRNAs that can efficiently mutate the St16DOX gene, we used a potato hairy root culture system for the introduction of the pMgP237 vectors. Among the transgenic hairy roots, two independent lines showed no detectable SGAs but accumulated the glycosides of 22,26-dihydroxycholesterol, which is the substrate of St16DOX. Analysis of the two lines with sequencing exhibited the mutated sequences of St16DOX with no wild-type sequences. Thus, generation of SGA-free hairy roots of tetraploid potato was achieved by the combination of the hairy root culture and the pMgP237-2A-GFP vector. This experimental system is useful to evaluate the efficacy of candidate gRNA target sequences in the short-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ryota Akiyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Keishi Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuriko Osakabe
- Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Suehiro-cho 1-7-22, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Inohana 1-8-1, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 2-1, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkoudai 1-1, Nada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 657-8501, Japan.
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Ueno K, Nakashima H, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Bioconversion of 5-deoxystrigol stereoisomers to monohydroxylated strigolactones by plants. J Pestic Sci 2018; 43:198-206. [PMID: 30363087 PMCID: PMC6140633 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The bioconversion of 5-deoxystrigol (5DS) and 4-deoxyorobanchol (4DO), the simplest canonical strigolactones (SLs), into monohydroxylated SLs such as strigol, sorgomol and orobanchol was confirmed by administering of stable isotope-labeled substrates to hydroponically grown plants. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses established that 5DS was stereoselectively converted into strigol and sorgomol by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus), respectively. 4DO was converted into orobanchol by rice (Oryza sativa). However, the red bell pepper (Capsicum annuum), red clover (Trifolium pratense), and pea (Pisum sativum) negligibly converted 4DO into orobanchol. The red bell pepper converted ent-4DO into 2',8-bisepi-sorgomol. These results suggest that some plants generate orobanchol without passing through 4DO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotomi Ueno
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Hitomi Nakashima
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Nada, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
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Yamauchi Y, Matsuda A, Matsuura N, Mizutani M, Sugimoto Y. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana treated with green leaf volatiles: possible role of green leaf volatiles as self-made damage-associated molecular patterns. J Pestic Sci 2018; 43:207-213. [PMID: 30363142 PMCID: PMC6140709 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.d18-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs), which include C6 aldehydes, alcohols, and their esters, are emitted by damaged plants and are, therefore, thought to be involved in stress responses. However, the effects of GLVs on gene expression are not fully understood. Thus, the aim of the present study was to analyze the early transcriptional responses of Arabidopsis to the major GLVs-(Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate-using comprehensive microarray gene expression analysis. All of the GLVs induced changes in gene expression, and (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate commonly triggered the expression of defense-related genes, whereas (E)-2-hexenal mainly induced genes responsible for responding to abiotic stress, such as heat and oxidative stress. These results suggest that GLVs can function as airborne infochemicals that regulate the rapid expression of defense response-related genes and that GLVs might play a physiological role as self-made damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) in damaged leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Yamauchi
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Aya Matsuda
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Nagisa Matsuura
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1–1 Rokkodai, Nada-ku, Kobe 657–8501, Japan
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Nakayasu M, Shioya N, Shikata M, Thagun C, Abdelkareem A, Okabe Y, Ariizumi T, Arimura GI, Mizutani M, Ezura H, Hashimoto T, Shoji T. JRE4 is a master transcriptional regulator of defense-related steroidal glycoalkaloids in tomato. Plant J 2018; 94:975-990. [PMID: 29569783 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are specialized anti-nutritional metabolites that accumulate in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum tuberosum (potato). A series of SGA biosynthetic genes is known to be upregulated in Solanaceae species by jasmonate-responsive Ethylene Response Factor transcription factors, including JRE4 (otherwise known as GAME9), but the exact regulatory significance in planta of each factor has remained unaddressed. Here, via TILLING-based screening of an EMS-mutagenized tomato population, we isolated a JRE4 loss-of-function line that carries an amino acid residue missense change in a region of the protein important for DNA binding. In this jre4 mutant, we observed downregulated expression of SGA biosynthetic genes and decreased SGA accumulation. Moreover, JRE4 overexpression stimulated SGA production. Further characterization of jre4 plants revealed their increased susceptibility to the generalist herbivore Spodoptera litura larvae. This susceptibility illustrates that herbivory resistance is dependent on JRE4-mediated defense responses, which include SGA accumulation. Ethylene treatment attenuated the jasmonate-mediated JRE4 expression induction and downstream SGA biosynthesis in tomato leaves and hairy roots. Overall, this study indicated that JRE4 functions as a primary master regulator of SGA biosynthesis, and thereby contributes toward plant defense against chewing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoki Shioya
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahito Shikata
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chonprakun Thagun
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ayman Abdelkareem
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Gen-Ichiro Arimura
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shoji
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Japan
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Murata J, Ono E, Yoroizuka S, Toyonaga H, Shiraishi A, Mori S, Tera M, Azuma T, Nagano AJ, Nakayasu M, Mizutani M, Wakasugi T, Yamamoto MP, Horikawa M. Author Correction: Oxidative rearrangement of (+)-sesamin by CYP92B14 co-generates twin dietary lignans in sesame. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2140. [PMID: 29802251 PMCID: PMC5970248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Murata
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Ono
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Seigo Yoroizuka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Hiromi Toyonaga
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd (SIC), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Akira Shiraishi
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Shoko Mori
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tera
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Azuma
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, 1-5 Yokotani, Seta Oe, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2914, Japan.,JST CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Wakasugi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan
| | - Masayuki P Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama, 930-8555, Japan.
| | - Manabu Horikawa
- Bioorganic Research Institute, Suntory Foundation for Life Sciences (SUNBOR), 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0284, Japan.
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Watanabe B, Kirikae H, Koeduka T, Takeuchi Y, Asai T, Naito Y, Tokuoka H, Horoiwa S, Nakagawa Y, Shimizu BI, Mizutani M, Hiratake J. Synthesis and inhibitory activity of mechanism-based 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:2466-2474. [PMID: 29685682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
4-Coumaroyl-CoA ligase (4CL) is ubiquitous in the plant kingdom, and plays a central role in the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids such as lignins, flavonoids, and coumarins. 4CL catalyzes the formation of the coenzyme A thioester of cinnamates such as 4-coumaric, caffeic, and ferulic acids, and the regulatory position of 4CL in the phenylpropanoid pathway renders the enzyme an attractive target that controls the composition of phenylpropanoids in plants. In this study, we designed and synthesized mechanism-based inhibitors for 4CL in order to develop useful tools for the investigation of physiological functions of 4CL and chemical agents that modulate plant growth with the ultimate goal to produce plant biomass that exhibits features that are beneficial to humans. The acylsulfamide backbone of the inhibitors in this study was adopted as a mimic of the acyladenylate intermediates in the catalytic reaction of 4CL. These acylsulfamide inhibitors and the important synthetic intermediates were fully characterized using two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Five 4CL proteins with distinct substrate specificity from four plant species, i.e., Arabidopsis thaliana, Glycine max (soybean), Populus trichocarpa (poplar), and Petunia hybrida (petunia), were used to evaluate the inhibitory activity, and the half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each acylsulfamide in the presence of 4-coumaric acid (100 µM) was determined as an index of inhibitory activity. The synthetic acylsulfamides used in this study inhibited the 4CLs with IC50 values ranging from 0.10 to 722 µM, and the IC50 values of the most potent inhibitors for each 4CL were 0.10-2.4 µM. The structure-activity relationship observed in this study revealed that both the presence and the structure of the acyl group of the synthetic inhibitors strongly affect the inhibitory activity, and indicates that 4CL recognizes the acylsulfamide inhibitors as acyladenylate mimics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kirikae
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Takao Koeduka
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takeuchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoki Asai
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Naito
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hideya Tokuoka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shinri Horoiwa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Nakagawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Bun-Ichi Shimizu
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Jun Hiratake
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Mizutani M, Fukumori K, Koshida I, Tanimoto K, Kino-oka M. Development of a novel modular system for cell production: Improvement of production efficiency in operation by flexible modular platform (fMP). Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kino-oka M, Kagihiro M, Aoki T, Taki Y, Fukumori K, Horiguchi I, Mizutani M. Critical quality attributes in the filling process for iPSCs and MSCs by considering the kinetics of cell death and growth. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Iseki M, Shida K, Kuwabara K, Wakabayashi T, Mizutani M, Takikawa H, Sugimoto Y. Evidence for species-dependent biosynthetic pathways for converting carlactone to strigolactones in plants. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:2305-2318. [PMID: 29294064 PMCID: PMC5913628 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SLs), comprising compounds with diverse but related chemical structures, are determinant signals in elicitation of germination in root parasitic Orobanchaceae and in mycorrhization in plants. Further, SLs are a novel class of plant hormones that regulate root and shoot architecture. Dissecting common and divergent biosynthetic pathways of SLs may provide avenues for modulating their production in planta. Biosynthesis of SLs in various SL-producing plant species was inhibited by fluridone, a phytoene desaturase inhibitor. The plausible biosynthetic precursors of SLs were exogenously applied to plants, and their conversion to canonical and non-canonical SLs was analysed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The conversion of carlactone (CL) to carlactonoic acid (CLA) was a common reaction in all investigated plants. Sorghum converted CLA to 5-deoxystrigol (5-DS) and sorgomol, and 5-DS to sorgomol. One sorgomol-producing cotton cultivar had the same SL profile as sorghum in the feeding experiments. Another cotton cultivar converted CLA to 5-DS, strigol, and strigyl acetate. Further, 5-DS was converted to strigol and strigyl acetate. Moonseed converted CLA to strigol, but not to 5-DS. The plant did not convert 5-DS to strigol, suggesting that 5-DS is not a precursor of strigol in moonseed. Similarly, 4-deoxyorobanchol was not a precursor of orobanchol in cowpea. Further, sunflower converted CLA to methyl carlactonoate and heliolactone. These results indicated that the biosynthetic pathways of hydroxy SLs do not necessarily involve their respective deoxy SL precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moe Iseki
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kasumi Shida
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kazuma Kuwabara
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Fifteen steroidal saponins 1-15, which include 4 furostanol glycosides 1-3 and 15, and 11 spirostanol glycosides 4-14, were isolated from the tubers and leaves of lesser yam (Dioscorea esculenta, Togedokoro). Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy. Four steroidal saponins 9, 11, 14, and 15 were found to be novel compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung Jae Lee
- a Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- b Institute for Chemical Research , Kyoto University , Uji , Japan
| | - Masaru Nakayasu
- a Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Michio Onjo
- c Faculty of Agriculture , Kagoshima University , Kagoshima , Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- a Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- a Graduate School of Agricultural Science , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
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Bowman JL, Kohchi T, Yamato KT, Jenkins J, Shu S, Ishizaki K, Yamaoka S, Nishihama R, Nakamura Y, Berger F, Adam C, Aki SS, Althoff F, Araki T, Arteaga-Vazquez MA, Balasubrmanian S, Barry K, Bauer D, Boehm CR, Briginshaw L, Caballero-Perez J, Catarino B, Chen F, Chiyoda S, Chovatia M, Davies KM, Delmans M, Demura T, Dierschke T, Dolan L, Dorantes-Acosta AE, Eklund DM, Florent SN, Flores-Sandoval E, Fujiyama A, Fukuzawa H, Galik B, Grimanelli D, Grimwood J, Grossniklaus U, Hamada T, Haseloff J, Hetherington AJ, Higo A, Hirakawa Y, Hundley HN, Ikeda Y, Inoue K, Inoue SI, Ishida S, Jia Q, Kakita M, Kanazawa T, Kawai Y, Kawashima T, Kennedy M, Kinose K, Kinoshita T, Kohara Y, Koide E, Komatsu K, Kopischke S, Kubo M, Kyozuka J, Lagercrantz U, Lin SS, Lindquist E, Lipzen AM, Lu CW, De Luna E, Martienssen RA, Minamino N, Mizutani M, Mizutani M, Mochizuki N, Monte I, Mosher R, Nagasaki H, Nakagami H, Naramoto S, Nishitani K, Ohtani M, Okamoto T, Okumura M, Phillips J, Pollak B, Reinders A, Rövekamp M, Sano R, Sawa S, Schmid MW, Shirakawa M, Solano R, Spunde A, Suetsugu N, Sugano S, Sugiyama A, Sun R, Suzuki Y, Takenaka M, Takezawa D, Tomogane H, Tsuzuki M, Ueda T, Umeda M, Ward JM, Watanabe Y, Yazaki K, Yokoyama R, Yoshitake Y, Yotsui I, Zachgo S, Schmutz J. Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome. Cell 2017; 171:287-304.e15. [PMID: 28985561 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Bowman
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia.
| | - Takayuki Kohchi
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki T Yamato
- Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan.
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Shengqiang Shu
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | | | - Shohei Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Nishihama
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Nakamura
- National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Frédéric Berger
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Adam
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Shiori Sugamata Aki
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Felix Althoff
- Botany Department, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Takashi Araki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mario A Arteaga-Vazquez
- Universidad Veracruzana, INBIOTECA - Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No.101, Colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | | | - Kerrie Barry
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Diane Bauer
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Christian R Boehm
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Briginshaw
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Juan Caballero-Perez
- National Laboratory of Genomics for Biodiversity, CINVESTAV-IPN, Km 9.6 Lib. Norte Carr. Irapuato-León, 36821, Irapuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - Bruno Catarino
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Shota Chiyoda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mansi Chovatia
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Kevin M Davies
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Private Bag 11-600, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Mihails Delmans
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Taku Demura
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tom Dierschke
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia; Botany Department, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Liam Dolan
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Ana E Dorantes-Acosta
- Universidad Veracruzana, INBIOTECA - Instituto de Biotecnología y Ecología Aplicada, Av. de las Culturas Veracruzanas No.101, Colonia Emiliano Zapata, 91090, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - D Magnus Eklund
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stevie N Florent
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Asao Fujiyama
- National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hideya Fukuzawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Bence Galik
- Bioinformatics & Scientific Computing, Vienna Biocenter Core Facilities (VBCF), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Grimanelli
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR232, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier 34394, France
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Takahiro Hamada
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Jim Haseloff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | | | - Asuka Higo
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yuki Hirakawa
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne VIC 3800, Australia; Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan
| | - Hope N Hundley
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Yoko Ikeda
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, Chuo 2-20-1, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Keisuke Inoue
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Inoue
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Sakiko Ishida
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Qidong Jia
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Mitsuru Kakita
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Takehiko Kanazawa
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kawai
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Bank Organization, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8573, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawashima
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030 Vienna, Austria; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, 321 Plant Science Building, 1405 Veterans Dr., Lexington, KY 40546, USA
| | - Megan Kennedy
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Keita Kinose
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Toshinori Kinoshita
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan; Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan; Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Yuji Kohara
- National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan
| | - Eri Koide
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kenji Komatsu
- Department of Bioproduction Technology, Junior College of Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Sarah Kopischke
- Botany Department, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Minoru Kubo
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Junko Kyozuka
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ulf Lagercrantz
- Department of Plant Ecology and Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Erika Lindquist
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Anna M Lipzen
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Chia-Wei Lu
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Efraín De Luna
- Instituto de Ecología, AC., Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Xalapa, Veracruz, 91000, México
| | | | - Naoki Minamino
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan; Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miya Mizutani
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Isabel Monte
- Department Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Rebecca Mosher
- The School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ, USA
| | - Hideki Nagasaki
- National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata, Mishima 411-8540, Japan; Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nakagami
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan; Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Satoshi Naramoto
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nishitani
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Wall Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Misato Ohtani
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takashi Okamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Masaki Okumura
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - Jeremy Phillips
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Bernardo Pollak
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Anke Reinders
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Moritz Rövekamp
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ryosuke Sano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sawa
- Graduate school of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Marc W Schmid
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Makoto Shirakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Roberto Solano
- Department Genética Molecular de Plantas, Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid 28049 Madrid. Spain
| | - Alexander Spunde
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA
| | - Noriyuki Suetsugu
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | - Akifumi Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Rui Sun
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562 Japan
| | | | - Daisuke Takezawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering and Institute for Environmental Science and Technology, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tomogane
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masayuki Tsuzuki
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigounaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Yuichiro Watanabe
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902 Japan
| | - Kazufumi Yazaki
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Wall Biology, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | | | - Izumi Yotsui
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
| | - Sabine Zachgo
- Botany Department, University of Osnabrück, Barbarastr. 11, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, USA; HudsonAlpha Institute of Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
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Nakayasu M, Umemoto N, Ohyama K, Fujimoto Y, Lee HJ, Watanabe B, Muranaka T, Saito K, Sugimoto Y, Mizutani M. A Dioxygenase Catalyzes Steroid 16α-Hydroxylation in Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Biosynthesis. Plant Physiol 2017; 175:120-133. [PMID: 28754839 PMCID: PMC5580751 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Steroidal glycoalkaloids (SGAs) are toxic specialized metabolites that are found in the Solanaceae. Potato (Solanum tuberosum) contains the SGAs α-solanine and α-chaconine, while tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) contains α-tomatine, all of which are biosynthesized from cholesterol. However, although two cytochrome P450 monooxygenases that catalyze the 22- and 26-hydroxylation of cholesterol have been identified, the 16-hydroxylase remains unknown. Feeding with deuterium-labeled cholesterol indicated that the 16α- and 16β-hydrogen atoms of cholesterol were eliminated to form α-solanine and α-chaconine in potato, while only the 16α-hydrogen atom was eliminated in α-tomatine biosynthesis, suggesting that a single oxidation at C-16 takes place during tomato SGA biosynthesis while a two-step oxidation occurs in potato. Here, we show that a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, designated as 16DOX, is involved in SGA biosynthesis. We found that the transcript of potato 16DOX (St16DOX) was expressed at high levels in the tuber sprouts, where large amounts of SGAs are accumulated. Biochemical analysis of the recombinant St16DOX protein revealed that St16DOX catalyzes the 16α-hydroxylation of hydroxycholesterols and that (22S)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol was the best substrate among the nine compounds tested. St16DOX-silenced potato plants contained significantly lower levels of SGAs, and a detailed metabolite analysis revealed that they accumulated the glycosides of (22S)-22,26-dihydroxycholesterol. Analysis of the tomato 16DOX (Sl16DOX) gene gave essentially the same results. These findings clearly indicate that 16DOX is a steroid 16α-hydroxylase that functions in the SGA biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, St16DOX silencing did not affect potato tuber yield, indicating that 16DOX may be a suitable target for controlling toxic SGA levels in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Nakayasu
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Umemoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Ohyama
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - Hyoung Jae Lee
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Bunta Watanabe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Toshiya Muranaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
| | - Masaharu Mizutani
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan
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Abstract
1. The E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) gene, the mutation of which causes muscular dystrophy in chickens, is expressed not only in the pectoral muscle, but also in a number of tissues such as the kidney. Therefore, this study examined some parameters related to kidney function in muscular dystrophic (MD) chickens. 2. Plasma osmolality, Na+ and K+ concentrations, aldosterone levels, and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 2, AQP3, and α subunits of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) were analysed in the kidneys of 5-week-old MD chickens and White Leghorn (WL) chickens under physiological conditions or after one day of water deprivation. 3. Plasma osmolality, Na+ concentrations, and plasma aldosterone levels were significantly higher in MD chickens than in WL chickens. αENaC mRNA expression levels were lower in MD chickens than in WL chickens. AQP2 and AQP3 mRNA expression levels were similar in the two strains of chickens. 4. Plasma osmolality correlated with aldosterone levels and AQP2 and αENaC mRNA levels in WL chickens. In MD chickens, plasma osmolality correlated with AQP2 mRNA levels, but not with plasma aldosterone or αENaC mRNA levels. 5. These results suggest that neither water reabsorption nor the expression of AQP2 and AQP3 is impaired in MD chickens and that a WWP1 gene mutation may or may not directly induce an abnormality in Na+-reabsorption in the kidneys of MD chickens, potentially through αENaC.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Saito
- a Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan.,b Avian Bioresource Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - H Hirayama
- a Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - K Yoshimura
- a Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - Y Atsumi
- b Avian Bioresource Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - M Mizutani
- b Avian Bioresource Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - K Kinoshita
- b Avian Bioresource Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
| | - A Fujiwara
- c Laboratory Animal Research Station , Nippon Institute for Biological Science , Hokuto , Japan
| | - T Namikawa
- b Avian Bioresource Research Center, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences , Nagoya University , Nagoya , Japan
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Mizutani M, Samejima H, Ashiba K, Terunuma H, Kino-Oka M. Influence of the storage period after collection of raw materials in the autologous cell-based cancer immunotherapy on the growth rates at the manufacturing. Cytotherapy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.02.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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