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Sun A, Li Y, Zhu P, He X, Jiang Z, Kong Y, Liu C, Wang S. Dual-view transport of intensity phase imaging flow cytometry. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:5199-5207. [PMID: 37854577 PMCID: PMC10581798 DOI: 10.1364/boe.504863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we design multi-parameter phase imaging flow cytometry based on dual-view transport of intensity (MPFC), which integrates phase imaging and microfluidics to a microscope, to obtain single-shot quantitative phase imaging on cells flowing in the microfluidic channel. The MPFC system has been proven with simple configuration, accurate phase retrieval, high imaging contrast, and real-time imaging and has been successfully employed not only in imaging, recognizing, and analyzing the flowing cells even with high-flowing velocities but also in tracking cell motilities, including rotation and binary rotation. Current results suggest that our proposed MPFC provides an effective tool for imaging and analyzing cells in microfluidics and can be potentially used in both fundamental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aihui Sun
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yaxi Li
- Radiology Department, Jiangnan University Medical Center, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Pengfei Zhu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Xiaoliang He
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Zhilong Jiang
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Cheng Liu
- Department of Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
- Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Integrated Circuit Reliability Technology and Testing System & School of Electronics and Information Engineering, OptiX+ Laboratory, Wuxi University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214105, China
- Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, China
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2
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Model MA. Cell Volume Measurements by Optical Transmission Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 90:e62. [PMID: 31899599 DOI: 10.1002/cpcy.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cell volume is an important parameter in studying cell adaptation to anisosmotic stress, activation of monovalent ion channels, and cell death. This article describes a method for measurement of the volumes of adherent cells using a standard light microscope. A coverslip with attached cells is placed in a shallow chamber in a medium containing a strongly absorbing and cell-impermeant dye, Acid Blue 9. When such a sample is imaged in transmitted light at a wavelength of maximum dye absorption (630 nm), the resulting contrast quantitatively reflects cell thickness; once the thickness is known at every point, the volume can be computed as well. Technical details, interpretation of data, and possible artifacts are discussed. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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3
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High-throughput assessment of hemoglobin polymer in single red blood cells from sickle cell patients under controlled oxygen tension. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:25236-25242. [PMID: 31767751 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914056116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is caused by a variant hemoglobin molecule that polymerizes inside red blood cells (RBCs) in reduced oxygen tension. Treatment development has been slow for this typically severe disease, but there is current optimism for curative gene transfer strategies to induce expression of fetal hemoglobin or other nonsickling hemoglobin isoforms. All SCD morbidity and mortality arise directly or indirectly from polymer formation in individual RBCs. Identifying patients at highest risk of complications and treatment candidates with the greatest curative potential therefore requires determining the amount of polymer in individual RBCs under controlled oxygen. Here, we report a semiquantitative measurement of hemoglobin polymer in single RBCs as a function of oxygen. The method takes advantage of the reduced oxygen affinity of hemoglobin polymer to infer polymer content for thousands of RBCs from their overall oxygen saturation. The method enables approaches for SCD treatment development and precision medicine.
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4
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Roussel C, Monnier S, Dussiot M, Farcy E, Hermine O, Le Van Kim C, Colin Y, Piel M, Amireault P, Buffet PA. Fluorescence Exclusion: A Simple Method to Assess Projected Surface, Volume and Morphology of Red Blood Cells Stored in Blood Bank. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:164. [PMID: 29900172 PMCID: PMC5989133 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBC) ability to circulate is closely related to their surface area-to-volume ratio. A decrease in this ratio induces a decrease in RBC deformability that can lead to their retention and elimination in the spleen. We recently showed that a subpopulation of “small RBC” with reduced projected surface area accumulated upon storage in blood bank concentrates, but data on the volume of these altered RBC are lacking. So far, single cell measurement of RBC volume has remained a challenging task achieved by a few sophisticated methods some being subject to potential artifacts. We aimed to develop a reproducible and ergonomic method to assess simultaneously RBC volume and morphology at the single cell level. We adapted the fluorescence exclusion measurement of volume in nucleated cells to the measurement of RBC volume. This method requires no pre-treatment of the cell and can be performed in physiological or experimental buffer. In addition to RBC volume assessment, brightfield images enabling a precise definition of the morphology and the measurement of projected surface area can be generated simultaneously. We first verified that fluorescence exclusion is precise, reproducible and can quantify volume modifications following morphological changes induced by heating or incubation in non-physiological medium. We then used the method to characterize RBC stored for 42 days in SAG-M in blood bank conditions. Simultaneous determination of the volume, projected surface area and morphology allowed to evaluate the surface area-to-volume ratio of individual RBC upon storage. We observed a similar surface area-to-volume ratio in discocytes (D) and echinocytes I (EI), which decreased in EII (7%) and EIII (24%), sphero-echinocytes (SE; 41%) and spherocytes (S; 47%). If RBC dimensions determine indeed the ability of RBC to cross the spleen, these modifications are expected to induce the rapid splenic entrapment of the most morphologically altered RBC (EIII, SE, and S) and further support the hypothesis of a rapid clearance of the “small RBC” subpopulation by the spleen following transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Roussel
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Monnier
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Michael Dussiot
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Le Van Kim
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR 144, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Institut Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Pascal Amireault
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hematological Disorders and Therapeutic Implications U1163, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ERL 8254, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre A Buffet
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de La Réunion, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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5
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Yan K, Xue L, Wang S. Field of view scanning based quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers for cellular imaging and analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2018; 81:397-407. [PMID: 29315973 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Microimaging is of great significance in the biological and medical fields, since it can realize observations acting as important references for cellular research and disease diagnosis. However, traditional microscopy only offers qualitative sample contours; moreover, it is difficult to reach large-amount sample observations limited by the fixed field of view (FoV). To realize massive cellular measurements quantitatively, three designed quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers based on the FoV scanning are introduced and compared in details in this article. These devices not only retrieve the quantitative sample phase distributions in the extended FoV, but also provide the detailed information of massive cells, such as cellular volume, area, and roundness. Considering their capabilities as quantitative imaging and large-amount sampling, it is believed that these quantitative interferometric microscopic cytometers (QIMCs) can be potentially adopted in high-throughput cell imaging and statistical analysis for both the biological and medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keding Yan
- School of Electronic Information Engineering, Xi'an Technological University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Liang Xue
- College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Computational Optics Laboratory, Department of Optoelectric Information Science and Technology, School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.,Single Molecule Nanometry Laboratory, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210095, China.,Sinmotec LLC, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215611, China
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6
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Abstract
Volume is an essential characteristic of a cell, and this review describes the main methods of its measurement that have been used in the past several decades. The discussed methods include various implementations of light scattering, estimates based on one or two cell dimensions, surface scanning, fluorescence confocal and transmission slice-by-slice imaging, intracellular volume markers, displacement of extracellular solution, quantitative phase imaging, radioactive methods, and some others. Suitability of these methods to some typical samples and applications is discussed. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio
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7
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Jagannadh VK, Gopakumar G, Subrahmanyam GRKS, Gorthi SS. Microfluidic microscopy-assisted label-free approach for cancer screening: automated microfluidic cytology for cancer screening. Med Biol Eng Comput 2016; 55:711-718. [PMID: 27447709 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-016-1549-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Each year, about 7-8 million deaths occur due to cancer around the world. More than half of the cancer-related deaths occur in the less-developed parts of the world. Cancer mortality rate can be reduced with early detection and subsequent treatment of the disease. In this paper, we introduce a microfluidic microscopy-based cost-effective and label-free approach for identification of cancerous cells. We outline a diagnostic framework for the same and detail an instrumentation layout. We have employed classical computer vision techniques such as 2D principal component analysis-based cell type representation followed by support vector machine-based classification. Analogous to criminal face recognition systems implemented with help of surveillance cameras, a signature-based approach for cancerous cell identification using microfluidic microscopy surveillance is demonstrated. Such a platform would facilitate affordable mass screening camps in the developing countries and therefore help decrease cancer mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - G Gopakumar
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
| | - Gorthi R K Sai Subrahmanyam
- Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 695547, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Malleshwaram, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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8
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Jagannadh VK, Murthy RS, Srinivasan R, Gorthi SS. Automated quantitative cytological analysis using portable microfluidic microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:586-595. [PMID: 25990413 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, a portable microfluidic microscopy based approach for automated cytological investigations is presented. Inexpensive optical and electronic components have been used to construct a simple microfluidic microscopy system. In contrast to the conventional slide-based methods, the presented method employs microfluidics to enable automated sample handling and image acquisition. The approach involves the use of simple in-suspension staining and automated image acquisition to enable quantitative cytological analysis of samples. The applicability of the presented approach to research in cellular biology is shown by performing an automated cell viability assessment on a given population of yeast cells. Further, the relevance of the presented approach to clinical diagnosis and prognosis has been demonstrated by performing detection and differential assessment of malaria infection in a given sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh
- Optics & Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rashmi Sreeramachandra Murthy
- Optics & Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Rajesh Srinivasan
- Optics & Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Optics & Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India.
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9
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Abstract
Oxygen is transported throughout the body by hemoglobin (Hb) in red blood cells (RBCs). Although the oxygen affinity of blood is well-understood and routinely assessed in patients by pulse oximetry, variability at the single-cell level has not been previously measured. In contrast, single-cell measurements of RBC volume and Hb concentration are taken millions of times per day by clinical hematology analyzers, and they are important factors in determining the health of the hematologic system. To better understand the variability and determinants of oxygen affinity on a cellular level, we have developed a system that quantifies the oxygen saturation, cell volume, and Hb concentration for individual RBCs in high throughput. We find that the variability in single-cell saturation peaks at an oxygen partial pressure of 2.9%, which corresponds to the maximum slope of the oxygen-Hb dissociation curve. In addition, single-cell oxygen affinity is positively correlated with Hb concentration but independent of osmolarity, which suggests variation in the Hb to 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2-3 DPG) ratio on a cellular level. By quantifying the functional behavior of a cellular population, our system adds a dimension to blood cell analysis and other measurements of single-cell variability.
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10
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A. Model M. Cell Volume Measurements by Optical Transmission Microscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 72:12.39.1-12.39.9. [DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1239s72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Model
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University Kent Ohio
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11
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Jagannadh VK, Adhikari JV, Gorthi SS. Automated cell viability assessment using a microfluidics based portable imaging flow analyzer. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:024123. [PMID: 26015835 PMCID: PMC4417016 DOI: 10.1063/1.4919402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a system-level integration of portable microscopy and microfluidics for the realization of optofluidic imaging flow analyzer with a throughput of 450 cells/s. With the use of a cellphone augmented with off-the-shelf optical components and custom designed microfluidics, we demonstrate a portable optofluidic imaging flow analyzer. A multiple microfluidic channel geometry was employed to demonstrate the enhancement of throughput in the context of low frame-rate imaging systems. Using the cell-phone based digital imaging flow analyzer, we have imaged yeast cells present in a suspension. By digitally processing the recorded videos of the flow stream on the cellphone, we demonstrated an automated cell viability assessment of the yeast cell population. In addition, we also demonstrate the suitability of the system for blood cell counting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerendra Kalyan Jagannadh
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Jayesh Vasudeva Adhikari
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Sai Siva Gorthi
- Optics and Microfluidics Instrumentation Lab, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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12
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Schonbrun E, Di Caprio G. Differentiating neutrophils using the optical coulter counter. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:111205. [PMID: 26187324 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.11.111205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We present an optofluidic measurement system that quantifies cell volume, dry mass, and nuclear morphology of neutrophils in high-throughput. While current clinical hematology analyzers can differentiate neutrophils from a blood sample, they do not give other quantitative information beyond their count. In order to better understand the distribution of neutrophil phenotypes in a blood sample, we perform two distinct multivariate measurements. In both measurements, white blood cells are driven through a microfluidic channel and imaged while in flow onto a color camera using a single exposure. In the first measurement, we quantify cell volume, scattering strength, and cell dry mass by combining quantitative phase imaging with dye exclusion cell volumetric imaging. In the second measurement, we quantify cell volume and nuclear morphology using a nucleic acid fluorescent stain. In this way, we can correlate cell volume to other cellular characteristics, which would not be possible using an electrical coulter counter. Unlike phase imaging or cell scattering analysis, the optical coulter counter is capable of quantifying cell volume virtually independent of the cell’s refractive index and unlike optical tomography, measurements are possible on quickly flowing cells, enabling high-throughput.
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13
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Malka R, Delgado FF, Manalis SR, Higgins JM. In vivo volume and hemoglobin dynamics of human red blood cells. PLoS Comput Biol 2014; 10:e1003839. [PMID: 25299941 PMCID: PMC4191880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human red blood cells (RBCs) lose ∼30% of their volume and ∼20% of their hemoglobin (Hb) content during their ∼100-day lifespan in the bloodstream. These observations are well-documented, but the mechanisms for these volume and hemoglobin loss events are not clear. RBCs shed hemoglobin-containing vesicles during their life in the circulation, and this process is thought to dominate the changes in the RBC physical characteristics occurring during maturation. We combine theory with single-cell measurements to investigate the impact of vesiculation on the reduction in volume, Hb mass, and membrane. We show that vesicle shedding alone is sufficient to explain membrane losses but not volume or Hb losses. We use dry mass measurements of human RBCs to validate the models and to propose that additional unknown mechanisms control volume and Hb reduction and are responsible for ∼90% of the observed reduction. RBC population characteristics are used in the clinic to monitor and diagnose a wide range of conditions including malnutrition, inflammation, and cancer. Quantitative characterization of cellular maturation processes may help in the early detection of clinical conditions where maturation patterns are altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Malka
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RM); (JMH)
| | - Francisco Feijó Delgado
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Scott R. Manalis
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John M. Higgins
- Center for Systems Biology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RM); (JMH)
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14
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Schonbrun E, Möller G, Di Caprio G. Polarization encoded color camera. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:1433-1436. [PMID: 24690806 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.001433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Digital cameras would be colorblind if they did not have pixelated color filters integrated into their image sensors. Integration of conventional fixed filters, however, comes at the expense of an inability to modify the camera's spectral properties. Instead, we demonstrate a micropolarizer-based camera that can reconfigure its spectral response. Color is encoded into a linear polarization state by a chiral dispersive element and then read out in a single exposure. The polarization encoded color camera is capable of capturing three-color images at wavelengths spanning the visible to the near infrared.
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15
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Schonbrun E, Malka R, Di Caprio G, Schaak D, Higgins JM. Quantitative absorption cytometry for measuring red blood cell hemoglobin mass and volume. Cytometry A 2014; 85:332-8. [PMID: 24677669 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We present an optical system, called the quantitative absorption cytometer (QAC), to measure the volume and hemoglobin mass of red blood cells flowing through a microfluidic channel. In contrast to clinical hematology analyzers, where cells are sphered in order for both volume and hemoglobin to be measured accurately, the QAC measures cells in their normal physiological shape. Human red blood cells are suspended in a refractive index-matching absorbing buffer, driven through a microfluidic channel, and imaged using a transmission light microscope onto a color camera. A red and a blue LED illuminate cells and images at each color are used to independently retrieve cell volume and hemoglobin mass. This system shows good agreement with red blood cell indices retrieved by a clinical hematology analyzer and in fact measures a smaller coefficient of variation of hemoglobin concentration. In addition to cell indices, the QAC returns height and mass maps of each measured cell. These quantitative images are valuable for analyzing the detailed morphology of individual cells as well as statistical outliers found in the data. We also measured red blood cells in hypertonic and hypotonic buffers to quantify the correlation between volume and hemoglobin mass under osmotic stress. Because this method is invariant to cell shape, even extremely nonspherical cells in hypertonic buffers can be measured accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Schonbrun
- Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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16
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Abstract
Intracellular water plays a critical role in apoptotic and necrotic cell death. We describe a method for quantifying cell water by application of two previously described variants of transmission microscopy. By taking two axially displaced brightfield images, the phase shift of the transmitted wave was computed using the transport-of-intensity equation. At the same time, cell thickness was determined by transmission through an externally applied dye ('transmission-through-dye' microscopy); switching between these two imaging modalities was accomplished by simply changing the illumination wavelength. The sets of data thus obtained allow computation of the refractive index and cell water content within individual cells. The method was illustrated using cells treated with apoptotic agents staurosporine and actinomycin D and with necrosis inducer ionomycin. Water imaging allows discrimination between apoptotic volume decrease due to dehydration from that due to detachment of apoptotic bodies and can be used on samples where cell volume determination alone would be difficult or insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Model
- M. A. Model: 1275 University Esplanade, Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA.
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