1
|
Loo V, Blanquer G, Joos M, Glorieux Q, De Wilde Y, Krachmalnicoff V. Imaging light scattered by a subwavelength nanofiber, from near field to far field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:350-357. [PMID: 30696122 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.000350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a direct experimental investigation of the optical field distribution around a suspended tapered optical nanofiber by means of a fluorescent scanning probe. Using a 100 nm diameter fluorescent bead as a probe of the field intensity, we study interferences made by a nanofiber (400 nm diameter) scattering a plane wave (568 nm wavelength). Our scanning fluorescence near-field microscope maps the optical field over 36 μm2, with λ/5 resolution, from contact with the surface of the nanofiber to a few micrometers away. Comparison between experiments and Mie scattering theory allows us to precisely determine the emitter-nanofiber distance and experimental drifts.
Collapse
|
2
|
Frederiksen R, Tutuncuoglu G, Matteini F, Martinez KL, Fontcuberta i Morral A, Alarcon-Llado E. Visual Understanding of Light Absorption and Waveguiding in Standing Nanowires with 3D Fluorescence Confocal Microscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2017; 4:2235-2241. [PMID: 28966933 PMCID: PMC5617333 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Semiconductor nanowires are promising building blocks for next-generation photonics. Indirect proofs of large absorption cross sections have been reported in nanostructures with subwavelength diameters, an effect that is even more prominent in vertically standing nanowires. In this work we provide a three-dimensional map of the light around vertical GaAs nanowires standing on a substrate by using fluorescence confocal microscopy, where the strong long-range disruption of the light path along the nanowire is illustrated. We find that the actual long-distance perturbation is much larger in size than calculated extinction cross sections. While the size of the perturbation remains similar, the intensity of the interaction changes dramatically over the visible spectrum. Numerical simulations allow us to distinguish the effects of scattering and absorption in the nanowire leading to these phenomena. This work provides a visual understanding of light absorption in semiconductor nanowire structures, which is of high interest for solar energy conversion applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rune Frederiksen
- Bio-Nanotechnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gozde Tutuncuoglu
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of
Materials, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Matteini
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of
Materials, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Karen L. Martinez
- Bio-Nanotechnology
and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Department of Chemistry & Nano-Science
Center, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Fontcuberta i Morral
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of
Materials, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Alarcon-Llado
- Laboratory
of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of
Materials, School of Engineering, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center
for Nanophotonics, AMOLF, Science Park 104, 1098XG Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salas-Montiel R, Berthel M, Beltran-Madrigal J, Huant S, Drezet A, Blaize S. Local density of electromagnetic states in plasmonic nanotapers: spatial resolution limits with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond nanospheres. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:205207. [PMID: 28323249 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
One of the most explored single quantum emitters for the development of nanoscale fluorescence lifetime imaging is the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond. An NV center does not experience fluorescence bleaching or blinking at room temperature. Furthermore, its optical properties are preserved when embedded into nanodiamond hosts. This paper focuses on the modeling of the local density of states (LDOS) in a plasmonic nanofocusing structure with an NV center acting as local illumination sources. Numerical calculations of the LDOS near such a nanostructure were done with a classical electric dipole radiation placed inside a diamond sphere as well as near-field optical fluorescence lifetime imaging of the structure. We found that Purcell factors higher than ten can be reached with diamond nanospheres of radius less than 5 nm and at a distance of less than 20 nm from the surface of the structure. Although the spatial resolution of the experiment is limited by the size of the nanodiamond, our work supports the analysis and interpretation of a single NV color center in a nanodiamond as a probe for scanning near-field optical microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Salas-Montiel
- Laboratoire de Nanotechnologie et d'Instrumentation Optique, Institut Charles Delaunay-CNRS UMR 6281, Université de technologie de Troyes, 12 rue Marie Curie, 10004, Troyes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Koenderink AF. Single-Photon Nanoantennas. ACS PHOTONICS 2017; 4:710-722. [PMID: 29354664 PMCID: PMC5770162 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.7b00061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Single-photon nanoantennas are broadband strongly scattering nanostructures placed in the near field of a single quantum emitter, with the goal to enhance the coupling between the emitter and far-field radiation channels. Recently, great strides have been made in the use of nanoantennas to realize fluorescence brightness enhancements, and Purcell enhancements, of several orders of magnitude. This perspective reviews the key figures of merit by which single-photon nanoantenna performance is quantified and the recent advances in measuring these metrics unambiguously. Next, this perspective discusses what the state of the art is in terms of fluoresent brightness enhancements, Purcell factors, and directivity control on the level of single photons. Finally, I discuss future challenges for single-photon nanoantennas.
Collapse
|
5
|
Bouchet D, Cao D, Carminati R, De Wilde Y, Krachmalnicoff V. Long-Range Plasmon-Assisted Energy Transfer between Fluorescent Emitters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:037401. [PMID: 26849613 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate plasmon-assisted energy transfer between fluorophores located at distances up to 7 μm on the top of a thin silver film. Thanks to the strong confinement and large propagation length of surface plasmon polaritons, the range of the energy transfer is almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than the values reported in the literature so far. The parameters driving the energy transfer range are thoroughly characterized and are in very good agreement with theoretically expected values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bouchet
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - D Cao
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - R Carminati
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Y De Wilde
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - V Krachmalnicoff
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gaio M, Castro-Lopez M, Renger J, van Hulst N, Sapienza R. Percolating plasmonic networks for light emission control. Faraday Discuss 2015; 178:237-52. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fd00187g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Optical nanoantennas have revolutionised the way we manipulate single photons emitted by individual light sources in a nanostructured photonic environment. Complex plasmonic architectures allow for multiscale light control by shortening or stretching the light wavelength for a fixed operating frequency, meeting the size of the emitter and that of propagating modes. Here, we study self-assembled semi-continuous gold films and lithographic gold networks characterised by large local density of optical state (LDOS) fluctuations around the electrical percolation threshold, a regime where the surface is characterised by large metal clusters with fractal topology. We study the formation of plasmonic networks and their effect on light emission from embedded fluorescent probes in these systems. Through fluorescence dynamics experiments we discuss the role of global long-range interactions linked to the degree of percolation and to the network fractality, as well as the local near-field contributions coming from the local electro-magnetic fields and the topology. Our experiments indicate that local properties dominate the fluorescence modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Gaio
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WCR 2LS
- UK
| | - Marta Castro-Lopez
- Department of Physics
- King's College London
- London WCR 2LS
- UK
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
| | - Jan Renger
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
| | - Niek van Hulst
- ICFO – Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques
- 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona)
- Spain
- ICREA – Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats
- 08019 Barcelona
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Aigouy L, Cazé A, Gredin P, Mortier M, Carminati R. Mapping and quantifying electric and magnetic dipole luminescence at the nanoscale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:076101. [PMID: 25170713 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.076101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental technique to quantify the relative importance of electric and magnetic dipole luminescence from a single nanosource in structured environments. By attaching a Eu^{3+}-doped nanocrystal to a near-field scanning optical microscope tip, we map the branching ratios associated with two electric dipole and one magnetic dipole transitions in three dimensions on a gold stripe. The relative weights of the electric and magnetic radiative local density of states can be recovered quantitatively, based on a multilevel model. This paves the way towards the full electric and magnetic characterization of nanostructures for the control of single emitter luminescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Aigouy
- Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux, ESPCI Paristech, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - A Cazé
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - P Gredin
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France and Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - M Mortier
- PSL Research University, Chimie ParisTech-CNRS, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris, 75005 Paris, France
| | - R Carminati
- ESPCI ParisTech, PSL Research University, CNRS, Institut Langevin, 1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu J, Jiang X, Ishii S, Shalaev V, Irudayaraj J. Quantifying local density of optical states of nanorods by fluorescence lifetime imaging. NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS 2014; 16:063069. [PMID: 25408619 PMCID: PMC4232967 DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/16/6/063069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, we demonstrate a facile far-field approach to quantify the near-field local density of optical states (LDOS) of a nanorod using CdTe quantum dots (QDs) emitters tethered to the surface of nanorods as beacons for optical read-outs. Radiative decay rate was extracted to quantify the LDOS; our analysis indicates that the LDOS of the nanorod enhance both the radiative and nonradiative decay of QD, particularly radiative decay of QDs at the end of nanorod is enhanced by 1.17 times greater than that at the waist, while the nonradiative decay was uniformly enhanced over the nanorod. To the best of our knowledge, our effort constitutes the first to map the LDOS of a nanostructure via far-field method, to provide clarity on the interaction mechanism between emitters and the nanostructure, and to be potentially employed in the LDOS mapping of high-throughput nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xunpeng Jiang
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe, 651-2492, Japan
| | - Vladimir Shalaev
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, and Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Merlen A, Lagugné-Labarthet F. Imaging the optical near field in plasmonic nanostructures. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:1307-1326. [PMID: 25479143 DOI: 10.1366/14-07699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the past five years, new developments in the field of plasmonics have emerged with the goal of finely tuning a variety of metallic nanostructures to enable a desired function. The use of plasmonics in spectroscopy is of course of great interest, due to large local enhancements in the optical near field confined in the vicinity of a metal nanostructure. For a given metal, such enhancements are dependent on the shape of the structure as well as the optical properties (wavelength, phase, polarization) of the impinging light, offering a large degree of control over the optical and spatial localization of the plasmon resonance. In this focal point, we highlight recent work that aims at revealing the spatial position of the localized plasmon resonances using a variety of optical and non-optical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Merlen
- Institut Matériaux Microélectronique Nanosciences De Provence (Im2np) Umr Cnrs 7334 And Universités D'aix-Marseille Et De Toulon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cazé A, Pierrat R, Carminati R. Strong coupling to two-dimensional Anderson localized modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:053901. [PMID: 23952400 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.053901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We use a scattering formalism to derive a condition of strong coupling between a resonant scatterer and an Anderson localized mode for electromagnetic waves in two dimensions. The strong coupling regime is demonstrated based on exact numerical simulations, in perfect agreement with theory. The strong coupling threshold can be expressed in terms of the Thouless conductance and the Purcell factor. This connects key concepts in transport theory and cavity quantum electrodynamics, and provides a practical tool for the design or analysis of experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Cazé
- Institut Langevin, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|