1
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Neupane T, Poudyal U, Tabibi B, Kim WJ, Seo FJ. Cubic Nonlinearity of Graphene-Oxide Monolayer. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6664. [PMID: 37895647 PMCID: PMC10608090 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The cubic nonlinearity of a graphene-oxide monolayer was characterized through open and closed z-scan experiments, using a nano-second laser operating at a 10 Hz repetition rate and featuring a Gaussian spatial beam profile. The open z-scan revealed a reverse saturable absorption, indicating a positive nonlinear absorption coefficient, while the closed z-scan displayed valley-peak traces, indicative of positive nonlinear refraction. This observation suggests that, under the given excitation wavelength, a two-photon or two-step excitation process occurs due to the increased absorption in both the lower visible and upper UV wavelength regions. This finding implies that graphene oxide exhibits a higher excited-state absorption cross-section compared to its ground state. The resulting nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction coefficients were estimated to be approximately ~2.62 × 10-8 m/W and 3.9 × 10-15 m2/W, respectively. Additionally, this study sheds light on the interplay between nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction traces, providing valuable insights into the material's optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tikaram Neupane
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; (T.N.); (U.P.)
| | - Uma Poudyal
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, The University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA; (T.N.); (U.P.)
| | - Bagher Tabibi
- Advanced Center for Laser Science and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;
| | - Wan-Joong Kim
- K1 Solution R&D Center, Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Felix Jaetae Seo
- Advanced Center for Laser Science and Spectroscopy, Department of Physics, Hampton University, Hampton, VA 23668, USA;
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2
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Li Y, Shi Y, Chao J, Zhao Y, Yang H, Fu B. Wavelength-tunable broadband lasers based on nanomaterials. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 34:492001. [PMID: 37666227 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf66d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials are widely used in the fields of sensors, optoelectronics, biophotonics and ultrafast photonics due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and magnetic properties. Particularly, owing to their nonlinear optical properties, fast response time and broadband operation, nanomaterials are ideal saturable absorption materials in ultrafast photonics, which contribute to the improvement of laser performance. Therefore, nanomaterials are of great importance to applications in wavelength-tunable broadband pulsed lasers. Herein, we review the integration and applications of nanomaterials in wavelength-tunable broadband ultrafast photonics. Firstly, the two integration methods, which are direct coupling and evanescent field coupling, and their characteristics are introduced. Secondly, the applications of nanomaterials in wavelength-tunable broadband lasers are summarized. Finally, the development of nanomaterials and broadband tunable lasers is reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Zhang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyu Zhang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaran Shi
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiale Chao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - He Yang
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Fu
- School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
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3
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Zhu R, Qi Y, Meng J. Novel nanomaterials based saturable absorbers for passive mode locked fiber laser at 1.5 μm. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:182002. [PMID: 35051916 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac4d59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Compared with continuous wave lasers, ultrafast lasers have the advantages of ultra-short pulse width and ultra-high peak power, and have significant applications in optical communications, medical diagnostics, and precision machining. Saturable absorber (SA) technology is the most effective technique for the generation of ultra-fast lasers, which are based on artificial SAs and natural SAs. Among them, the semiconductor saturable absorber mirror has become the most commonly used form at present. Recently, basic research and application of nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene have been developed rapidly. Researchers have found that nanomaterials exhibit extraordinary characteristics in ultrafast photonics, such as the low saturation intensity of CNTs, zero-band gap of graphene, and extremely high modulation depth of the topological insulator nano-films. Since graphene was first reported as an SA in 2009, many other nanomaterials have been successively explored, resulting in the rapid development of novel nanomaterial-based SAs. In this paper, we classified the nanomaterials used in SA mode-locking technology at 1.5μm and reviewed their research progress with a particular focus on nonlinear optical properties, integration strategies, and applications in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoyao Qi
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfei Meng
- Center for Advanced Laser Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Advanced Laser Technology and Equipment, Tianjin 300401, People's Republic of China
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401,People's Republic of China
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4
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Fadhel MM, Ali N, Rashid H, Sapiee NM, Hamzah AE, Zan MSD, Aziz NA, Arsad N. A Review on Rhenium Disulfide: Synthesis Approaches, Optical Properties, and Applications in Pulsed Lasers. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092367. [PMID: 34578683 PMCID: PMC8471421 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rhenium Disulfide (ReS2) has evolved as a novel 2D transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material which has promising applications in optoelectronics and photonics because of its distinctive anisotropic optical properties. Saturable absorption property of ReS2 has been utilized to fabricate saturable absorber (SA) devices to generate short pulses in lasers systems. The results were outstanding, including high-repetition-rate pulses, large modulation depth, multi-wavelength pulses, broadband operation and low saturation intensity. In this review, we emphasize on formulating SAs based on ReS2 to produce pulsed lasers in the visible, near-infrared and mid-infrared wavelength regions with pulse durations down to femtosecond using mode-locking or Q-switching technique. We outline ReS2 synthesis techniques and integration platforms concerning solid-state and fiber-type lasers. We discuss the laser performance based on SAs attributes. Lastly, we draw conclusions and discuss challenges and future directions that will help to advance the domain of ultrafast photonic technology.
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Zhao L, Yuan Y, Tong L, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Ning T, Cai Y, Gao Y. Passively Q-Switched Yb:CALGO Laser Based on Mo:BiVO 4 Absorber. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092364. [PMID: 34578679 PMCID: PMC8464999 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A stable, passively Q-switched Yb:CaGdAlO4 laser based on Mo:BiVO4 saturable absorber was demonstrated. Close observations of the structure and morphology of the nanoparticles by using transmission electron microscope, Raman spectrum and linear absorption were measured. The nonlinear transmission of Mo:BiVO4 was characterized by a 30 ps laser with a central wavelength of 1064 nm and a repetition rate of 10 Hz. The experimental maximum output power of the pulsed laser was 510 mW with a repetition rate of 87 kHz and pulse width of 3.18 μs, corresponding to a peak power of 1.84 W and a single pulse energy of 5.8 μJ. The experimental results indicate that Mo:BiVO4-SA is a great candidate for passively Q-switched lasers in the near infrared region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhao
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Luyang Tong
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Wenyu Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Zhongshuai Zhang
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
| | - Tingyin Ning
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yangjian Cai
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuanmei Gao
- College of Physics and Electronics, Center of Light Manipulations and Applications, Shandong Normal University, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Z.); (Y.Y.); (L.T.); (W.Z.); (Z.Z.); (T.N.)
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, No 88, East Wenhua Road, Jinan 250014, China
- Correspondence: (Y.C.); (Y.G.)
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6
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Zhang Y, Ma C, Xie J, Ågren H, Zhang H. Black Phosphorus/Polymers: Status and Challenges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100113. [PMID: 34323318 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
As a newly emerged mono-elemental nanomaterial, black phosphorus (BP) has been widely investigated for its fascinating physical properties, including layer-dependent tunable band gap (0.3-1.5 eV), high ON/OFF ratio (104 ), high carrier mobility (103 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), excellent mechanical resistance, as well as special in-plane anisotropic optical, thermal, and vibrational characteristics. However, the instability caused by chemical degradation of its surface has posed a severe challenge for its further applications. A focused BP/polymer strategy has more recently been developed and implemented to hurdle this issue, so at present BP/polymers have been developed that exhibit enhanced stability, as well as outstanding optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. This has promoted researchers to further explore the potential applications of black phosphorous. In this review, the preparation processes and the key properties of BP/polymers are reviewed, followed by a detailed account of their diversified applications, including areas like optoelectronics, bio-medicine, and energy storage. Finally, in accordance with the current progress, the prospective challenges and future directions are highlighted and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Chunyang Ma
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Jianlei Xie
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, Uppsala, SE-751 20, Sweden
| | - Han Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
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7
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Guddala S, Kawaguchi Y, Komissarenko F, Kiriushechkina S, Vakulenko A, Chen K, Alù A, M Menon V, Khanikaev AB. All-optical nonreciprocity due to valley polarization pumping in transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3746. [PMID: 34145288 PMCID: PMC8213841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonreciprocity and nonreciprocal optical devices play a vital role in modern photonic technologies by enforcing one-way propagation of light. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical approach to nonreciprocity based on valley-selective response in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). This approach overcomes the limitations of magnetic materials and it does not require an external magnetic field. We provide experimental evidence of photoinduced nonreciprocity in a monolayer WS2 pumped by circularly polarized (CP) light. Nonreciprocity stems from valley-selective exciton population, giving rise to nonlinear circular dichroism controlled by CP pump fields. Our experimental results reveal a significant effect even at room temperature, despite considerable intervalley-scattering, showing promising potential for practical applications in magnetic-free nonreciprocal platforms. As an example, here we propose a device scheme to realize an optical isolator based on a pass-through silicon nitride (SiN) ring resonator integrating the optically biased TMD monolayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriram Guddala
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yuma Kawaguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Filipp Komissarenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Svetlana Kiriushechkina
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Vakulenko
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Alù
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vinod M Menon
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexander B Khanikaev
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Physics Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Chen J, Wang J, Yu Q, Wang T, Zhang Y, Chen C, Li C, Wang Z, Zhu S, Ding X, Wang L, Wu J, Zhang K, Zhou P, Jiang Z. Sub-Band Gap Absorption and Optical Nonlinear Response of MnPSe 3 Nanosheets for Pulse Generation in the L-Band. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13524-13533. [PMID: 33706518 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention for use in fiber lasers for pulse generation due to their unique nonlinear optical properties. While 2D materials with tunable band gaps hold promise as versatile saturable absorber materials, their L-band (long-band) pulse generation capability remains challenging. Metal phosphorus trichalcogenides (MPX3) have recently attracted the attention of researchers and shown potential for sub-band gap saturable absorption in the L-band due to their high diversity of chemical components and band structural complexity. Herein, high-quality MnPSe3 is synthesized and exhibits broad-band linear and nonlinear absorption with the modulation depth and saturation intensity of 5.4% and 0.295 MW/cm2, respectively. Moreover, a stable passive pulse generation in the L-band is demonstrated in a fiber laser. The wavelengths of the passively pulsed laser at different pump powers are recorded, featuring a fixed central wavelength located at around 1602 nm with a maximum output power of 19.54 mW. This research promotes the realization of L-band pulsed lasers based on 2D materials, inspiring further exploration of the unique properties of the MPX3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Advanced Photonic Technology Lab, College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sicong Zhu
- College of Science and Key Laboratory for Ferrous Metallurgy and Resources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - Xianguang Ding
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, Graphene Research Centre, National University of Singapore, 117576 Singapore
| | - Linjun Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices & Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, i-Lab, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Zongfu Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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9
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Das S, Wang Y, Dai Y, Li S, Sun Z. Ultrafast transient sub-bandgap absorption of monolayer MoS 2. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 33514690 PMCID: PMC7846580 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00462-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The light-matter interaction in materials is of remarkable interest for various photonic and optoelectronic applications, which is intrinsically determined by the bandgap of the materials involved. To extend the applications beyond the bandgap limit, it is of great significance to study the light-matter interaction below the material bandgap. Here, we report the ultrafast transient absorption of monolayer molybdenum disulfide in its sub-bandgap region from ~0.86 µm to 1.4 µm. Even though this spectral range is below the bandgap, we observe a significant absorbance enhancement up to ~4.2% in the monolayer molybdenum disulfide (comparable to its absorption within the bandgap region) due to pump-induced absorption by the excited carrier states. The different rise times of the transient absorption at different wavelengths indicate the various contributions of the different carrier states (i.e., real carrier states in the short-wavelength region of ~<1 µm, and exciton states in the long wavelength region of ~>1 µm). Our results elucidate the fundamental understanding regarding the optical properties, excited carrier states, and carrier dynamics in the technologically important near-infrared region, which potentially leads to various photonic and optoelectronic applications (e.g., excited-state-based photodetectors and modulators) of two-dimensional materials and their heterostructures beyond their intrinsic bandgap limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susobhan Das
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Shisheng Li
- International Center for Young Scientists (ICYS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
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10
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Liu M, Liu W, Liu X, Wang Y, Wei Z. Application of transition metal dichalcogenides in mid‐infrared fiber laser. NANO SELECT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Ximei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Yaorong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China
| | - Zhongming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
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11
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Ahmad H, Albaqawi HS, Yusoff N, Yi CW. 56 nm Wide-Band Tunable Q-Switched Erbium Doped Fiber Laser with Tungsten Ditelluride (WTe 2) Saturable Absorber. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9860. [PMID: 32555280 PMCID: PMC7300018 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide-band and tunable Q-switched erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser operating at 1560.5 nm with a tungsten ditelluride (WTe2) saturable absorber (SA) is demonstrated. The semi-metallic nature of WTe2 as well as its small band gap and excellent nonlinear optical properties make it an excellent SA material. The laser cavity uses an 89.5 cm long EDF, pumped by a 980 nm laser diode as the linear gain while the WTe2 based SA generates the pulsed output. The WTe2 based SA has a modulation depth, non-saturable loss and saturation intensity of about 21.4%, 78.6%, and 0.35 kW/cm2 respectively. Stable pulses with a maximum repetition rate of 55.56 kHz, narrowest pulse width of 1.77 µs and highest pulse energy of 18.09 nJ are obtained at the maximum pump power of 244.5 mW. A 56 nm tuning range is obtained in the laser cavity, and the output is observed having a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 48.5 dB. The demonstrated laser has potential for use in a large number of photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harith Ahmad
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Visiting Professor at the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Airlangga University, Surabaya, 60115, Indonesia.
| | | | - Norazriena Yusoff
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chong Wu Yi
- Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Chiu NF, Yang HT. High-Sensitivity Detection of the Lung Cancer Biomarker CYFRA21-1 in Serum Samples Using a Carboxyl-MoS 2 Functional Film for SPR-Based Immunosensors. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:234. [PMID: 32274382 PMCID: PMC7113369 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We constructed a novel surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection assay using carboxyl-functionalized molybdenum disulfide (carboxyl-MoS2) nanocomposites as a signal amplification sensing film for the ultrasensitive detection of the lung cancer-associated biomarker cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21-1). The experiment succeeded in MoS2 reacted with chloroacetic acid giving carboxyl-MoS2 as the reaction product. The additional shoulder in the C 1s and O 1s peaks of carboxyl-MoS2, which were increased in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, confirmed the presence of O-C=O groups on the surface of the carboxyl-MoS2. Compared to MoS2, the experimental results confirmed that carboxyl-modified MoS2 had improved low impedance and low refractive index. The carboxyl-MoS2-based chip had a high affinity, with an SPR angle shift enhanced by 2.6-fold and affinity binding K A enhanced by 15-fold compared to a traditional SPR sensor. The results revealed that the carboxyl-MoS2-based chip had high sensitivity, specificity, and SPR signal affinity, while the CYFRA21-1 assay in spiked clinical serum showed a lower detection limit of 0.05 pg/mL and a wider quantitation range (0.05 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL). The carboxyl-MoS2-based chip detection value was about 104 times more sensitive than the limit of detection of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (0.60 ng/mL). The results showed that the carboxyl-MoS2-based chip had the potential to rapidly assay complex samples including bodily fluids, whole blood, serum, plasma, urine, and saliva in SPR-based immunosensors to diagnose diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Fu Chiu
- Laboratory of Nano-photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Tang Yang
- Laboratory of Nano-photonics and Biosensors, Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
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13
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Zhou K, Cheng Q, Lu L, Li B, Song J, Luo Z. Dual-band tunable narrowband near-infrared light trapping control based on a hybrid grating-based Fabry-Perot structure. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:1647-1656. [PMID: 32121872 DOI: 10.1364/oe.383988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A hybrid grating-based Fabry-Perot structure is proposed to investigate light manipulation in the near-infrared wavelength region. It is found that the electromagnetic energy can be easily trapped in different parts of the system at different polarization states. For TM polarization, numerical results show that two remarkable narrowband absorptance peaks appear owing to the excitation of critical coupling with guided mode resonance and Fabry-Perot resonance. While for TE polarization, only one narrowband absorptance peak is generated because only Fabry-Perot resonance is excited. The near-infrared spectral selectivity of the system can be tuned by changing the geometrical parameters. In addition, the spectral absorptance of the system can be optimized by applying gate voltage on graphene sheet to change graphene chemical potential. This valuable dual-band tunable narrowband absorber is a potential application for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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14
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Song B, Gu H, Fang M, Ho YT, Chen X, Jiang H, Liu S. Complex Optical Conductivity of Two-Dimensional MoS 2: A Striking Layer Dependency. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6246-6252. [PMID: 31490075 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The complex optical conductivities of two-dimensaionl (2D) materials are fundamental for extended applications of related optoelectronic devices. Here, we systematically investigate the layer-dependent evolutions in the complex optical conductivities of 1-6 layer 2D MoS2 over an ultrawide spectral range (0.73-6.42 eV) by spectroscopic ellipsometry. We identify five feature peaks (A-E) in the optical conductivity spectra, which present interesting layer dependencies due to the scaling effect. Results suggest that the center energies of peaks A and B are nearly layer-independent, while those of peaks C and D exhibit redshifts as the layer increases. We interpret these layer-dependent evolutions as the competition between the decreasing exciton effect and the prominent band shrinkage with the increasing layer number. Additionally, the applicability of the classical slab model and the surface current model in evaluating the optical conductivities of 2D MoS2 with different layers is discussed from an experimental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baokun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Honggang Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Mingsheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Yen-Teng Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 30010 , Taiwan , China
| | - Xiuguo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology , Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074 , Hubei , China
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15
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Gao J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Han X, Guo Q, Lu Z, Guo L, Shang X, Yang W, Niu K, Ming N, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang S. Noise-like mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity based on SnS 2 nanosheets as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6007-6011. [PMID: 31503920 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-energy noise-like mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity was achieved with SnS2-polyvinyl alcohol film as the saturable absorber. In addition, the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics of the SnS2 were investigated experimentally. The saturation intensity and modulation depth were about 6.01 MW/cm2 and 8.68%, respectively. Under pump power of 422 mW, stable noise-like mode-locked operation with a maximum output power and largest single pulse energy of 9.50 mW and 18.1 nJ, respectively, was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to observe and experimentally investigate noise-like operation in a linear laser cavity. Our study may provide some valuable design guidelines for noise-like operation and create new directions for advanced photonic devices based on SnS2.
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16
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Liu J, Li X, Xu Y, Ge Y, Wang Y, Zhang F, Wang Y, Fang Y, Yang F, Wang C, Song Y, Xu S, Fan D, Zhang H. NiPS 3 nanoflakes: a nonlinear optical material for ultrafast photonics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:14383-14391. [PMID: 31334535 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr03964c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast photonics based on two-dimensional (2D) materials has been used to investigate light-matter interactions and laser generation, as well as light propagation, modulation, and detection. Here, 2D metal-phosphorus trichalcogenides, which are known for applications in catalysis and electrochemical storage, also exhibit advantageous photonic properties as nanoflakes that are only a few layers thick. By using an open-aperture Z-scan system, few-layer NiPS3 nanoflakes exhibited a large modulation depth of 56% and a low saturable intensity of 16 GW cm-2 at 800 nm. When NiPS3 nanoflakes were used as a saturable absorber at 1066 nm, highly stable mode-locked pulses were generated. Thus, these results revealed the nonlinear optical properties of NiPS3 nanoflakes which have potential photonics applications, such as modulators, switches, and thresholding devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiefeng Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R. China.
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17
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Cheng PK, Tang CY, Wang XY, Ma S, Long H, Tsang YH. Passively Q-switched Ytterbium-doped fiber laser based on broadband multilayer Platinum Ditelluride (PtTe 2) saturable absorber. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10106. [PMID: 31300706 PMCID: PMC6626133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46658-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered Platinum Ditelluride (PtTe2), a novel candidate of group 10 transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), which provides enormous potential for pulsed laser applications due to its highly stable and strong nonlinear optical absorption (NOA) properties. PtTe2 saturable absorber (SA) is successfully fabricated with firstly demonstrated the passively Q-switched laser operation within a Yb-doped fiber laser cavity at 1066 nm. Few layered PtTe2 is produced by uncomplicated and cost-efficient ultrasonic liquid exfoliation and follow by incorporating into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer to form a PtTe2-PVA composite thin film saturable absorber. The highest achieved single pulse energy is 74.0 nJ corresponding to pulse duration, repetition rate and average output power of 5.2 μs, 33.5 kHz and 2.48 mW, respectively. This work has further exploited the immeasurable utilization potential of the air stable and broadband group 10 TMDs for ultrafast photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kwong Cheng
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Yin Tang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Yu Wang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Long
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuen Hong Tsang
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China. .,Department of Applied Physics and Materials Research Center, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Wang T, Wang J, Wu J, Ma P, Su R, Ma Y, Zhou P. Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E865. [PMID: 31181606 PMCID: PMC6630692 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. The experimental findings indicate that InS is a viable candidate in the field of ultrafast lasers due to its excellent saturable absorption characteristics, which thereby promotes the ultrafast optical applications of InX (X = S, Se, and Te) and expands the category of new SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Rongtao Su
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Yanxing Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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19
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Rahman MFA, Reddy PH, Paul MC, Das S, Dhar A, Baharom MF, Latiff AA, Rusdi MFM, Wang P, Dimyati K, Harun SW. Titanium dioxide fiber saturable absorber for Q-switched fiber laser generation in the 1-micrometer region. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3495-3500. [PMID: 31044848 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A passively Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL) operating at 1062 nm was demonstrated by using a segment of 20 cm titanium dioxide-doped fiber saturable absorber (TiO2DF SA). The Q-switched YDFL emerged stably with tunable repetition rates ranging from 32 kHz to 53 kHz as the pump power rose from 109 mW to 233 mW. Within this range of pump power, a maximum output power of 10.1 mW, maximum peak power of 75 mW, and maximum pulse energy of 191 nJ were obtained. The narrowest pulse width of 2.55 μs was attained at the maximum pump power of 233 mW, while the signal-to-noise ratio of the fundamental frequency was 47 dB. This demonstration reveals that the proposed TiO2DF SA is feasible for constructing a flexible and reliably stable Q-switched pulsed fiber laser in the 1-micrometer region.
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20
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Liu Z, Murphy AW, Kuppe C, Hooper DC, Valev VK, Ilie A. WS 2 Nanotubes, 2D Nanomeshes, and 2D In-Plane Films through One Single Chemical Vapor Deposition Route. ACS NANO 2019; 13:3896-3909. [PMID: 30912636 PMCID: PMC7007277 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a versatile, catalyst free chemical vapor deposition process on insulating substrates capable of producing in one single stream one-dimensional (1D) WO3- x suboxides leading to a wide range of substrate-supported 2H-WS2 polymorphs: a tunable class of out-of-plane (of the substrate) nanophases, with 1D nanotubes and a pure WS2, two-dimensional (2D) nanomesh (defined as a network of webbed, micron-size, few-layer 2D sheets) at its extremes; and in-plane (parallel to the substrate) mono- and few-layer 2D domains. This entails a two-stage approach in which the 2WO3 + 7S → 2WS2 + 3SO2 reaction is intentionally decoupled. First, various morphologies of nanowires or nanorods of high stoichiometry, WO2.92/WO2.9 suboxides (belonging to the class of Magnéli phases) were formed, followed by their sulfurization to undergo reduction to the aforementioned WS2 polymorphs. The continuous transition of WS2 from nanotubes to the out-of-plane 2D nanomesh, via intermediary, mixed 1D-2D phases, delivers tunable functional properties, for example, linear and nonlinear optical properties, such as reflectivity (linked to optical excitations in the material), and second harmonic generation (SHG) and onset of saturable absorption. The SHG effect is very strong across the entire tunable class of WS2 nanomaterials, weakest in nanotubes, and strongest in the 2D nanomesh. Furthermore, a mechanism via suboxide (WO3- x) intermediate as a possible path to 2D domain growth is demonstrated. 2D, in-plane WS2 domains grow via "self-seeding and feeding" where short WO2.92/WO2.9 nanorods provide both the nucleation sites and the precursor feedstock. Understanding the reaction path (here, in the W-O-S space) is an emerging approach toward controlling the nucleation, growth, and morphology of 2D domains and films of transition-metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichen Liu
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander William
Allen Murphy
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Kuppe
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - David Charles Hooper
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ventsislav Kolev Valev
- Centre
for Photonics and Photonic Materials, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Adelina Ilie
- Centre
for Graphene Science, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre
for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University
of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Department
of Physics, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2
7AY, United Kingdom
- E-mail:
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21
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Ge Y, Huang W, Yang F, Liu J, Wang C, Wang Y, Guo J, Zhang F, Song Y, Xu S, Fan D, Zhang H. Beta-lead oxide quantum dot (β-PbO QD)/polystyrene (PS) composite films and their applications in ultrafast photonics. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:6828-6837. [PMID: 30912563 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01112a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polymer composite films, particularly those based on polymers and layered nanomaterials, are attractive materials for exploiting the properties of multiple materials for applications in electronics and photonics. In this work, a beta-lead oxide quantum dot (β-PbO QD)/polystyrene (PS) composite film is successfully fabricated by a solution blending method. The β-PbO QDs are well-distributed within a β-PbO QD/PS composite film and the composite film is transparent and flexible. Owing to the almost complete insolubility of both β-PbO QDs and PS, the as-fabricated β-PbO QD/PS composite film holds the nonlinear photonic response from 540 nm to 1060 nm under complete water immersion, confirming its excellent stability to high humidity. Additionally, the β-PbO QD/PS composite film exhibits a considerable capacity for optical modulation owing to a strong nonlinear absorption coefficient compared with those of other two-dimensional (2D) materials. On the basis of a home-made β-PbO QD/PS composite film saturable absorber, stable mode-locked pulses at 1060 nm are generated under humid conditions. It is anticipated that the β-PbO QD/PS composite films enable the exploitation of new waterproof, flexible photonic devices based on functional 2D materials and polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Ge
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Centre for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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22
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Lv R, Chen Z, Liu S, Wang J, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y. Optical properties and applications of molybdenum disulfide/SiO 2 saturable absorber fabricated by sol-gel technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6348-6356. [PMID: 30876221 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a new type of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)-doped sol-gel glass saturable absorber (SA) fabricated by sol-gel technique. The reagents used for the sol-gel glass contain Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ethanol, water, and hydrochloric acid. Different from the traditional ways of fabricating SAs, the MoS2 in our method is encapsulated by inorganic sol-gel glass instead of polymer compound with low laser damage resistance, which greatly increases the optical damage threshold of MoS2 SA. The MoS2-doped sol-gel glass as an SA is experimentally demonstrated in a passively mode-locked ytterbium-doped fiber laser (YDFL). Stable mode-locked pulse trains are successfully generated in the normal dispersion regime with a pulse width of 13.8 ps and the average output power of 34.6 mW. The fluctuation of the central wavelength and spectral bandwidth is as low as 0.9% in one week, which indicates that the mode-locking state has good environmental stability. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first example of sol-gel glass SA for ultrafast pulses generated in YDFL, which potentially gives a new approach to improve optical damage threshold and long-term working stability for broadband absorbers.
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23
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Xiao P, Wu K, Mao D, Chen J. A pulsewidth measurement technology based on carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:4188-4203. [PMID: 30876038 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.004188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a proof-of-concept saturable absorption based pulsewidth measurement (SAPM) by exploring the intensity dependent nonlinear transmission (i.e., saturable absorption) of low-dimensional material (LDM) carbon nanotubes. A minimum pulse energy of 75 fJ is experimentally detected with an average-power-peak-power product (Pav⋅ Ppk) of 5.44×10-7 W2 near 1550 nm. A minimum detectable pulse energy of 10 fJ with a Pav⋅ Ppk of 1.3×10-9 W2 is estimated with further optimization. The nanometer-level thickness and femtosecond-level decay time of LDMs allow ultrafast light interaction on a very small footprint, which potentially supports chip-scale characterization of ultrafast pulses with minimum distortion.
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Ippolito S, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Tailoring the physicochemical properties of solution-processed transition metal dichalcogenides via molecular approaches. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:8900-8914. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc03845k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this Feature Article we highlight the tremendous progress in solution-processed transition metal dichalcogenides and the molecular approaches employed to finely tune their physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS
- ISIS
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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25
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Yan B, Zhang B, Nie H, Li G, Liu J, Shi B, Yang K, He J. Bilayer platinum diselenide saturable absorber for 2.0 μm passively Q-switched bulk lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31657-31663. [PMID: 30650749 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A noble transition metal dichalcogenide, bilayers platinum diselenide (PtSe2), has a narrow bandgap (0.21 eV) and high charge carrier mobility. This metal was manufactured for use as a saturable absorber via the chemical vapor deposition method. The saturable absorption properties of samples, at a wavelength of 2.0 μm, were characterized by the open aperture Z-scan method. An all-solid-state 2.0 μm passively Q-switched laser was achieved experimentally based on the as-prepared bilayers PtSe2 saturable absorber. The maximum average output power, shortest pulse width, highest single-pulse energy, and highest pulse peak power of this laser were 1.41 W, 244 ns, 24.3 μJ, and 99.6 W, respectively.
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26
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Xie Y, Huang J, Wang L, Cui Y, Wang J. Tailoring the nonlinear optical performance of two-dimensional MoS 2 nanofilms via defect engineering. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:17924-17932. [PMID: 30226259 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05653f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering plays a key role in determining the catalytic and optical properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) in their practical applications in optical and photonic devices. Here, we report a direct strategy for the fabrication of wafer-scale 2D MoS2 nanofilms with tunable sulfur (S) vacancies and crystallinity by a modified solvothermal method via a polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing process. Our results demonstrate that the S vacancies in MoS2 nanofilms can induce saturable absorption (SA) in MoS2 by introducing new energy bands within the band gap of MoS2, and the crystallinity has a significant effect on the two-photon absorption (TPA) coefficient of MoS2 nanofilms. The SA responses in MoS2 will gradually dominate the nonlinear optical (NLO) behavior of MoS2 with a lower saturable intensity along with increasing the S vacancies. The TPA coefficient of the MoS2 nanofilms with increased crystallinity is improved to (4.3 ± 0.5) × 102 cm GW-1 on increasing the crystallinity of MoS2 films, over four times larger than that of their counterpart with relatively low crystallinity. Additionally, the damage threshold of MoS2 nanofilms after polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing treatment is greatly improved to ∼74.1 GW cm-2 compared to ∼32.6 GW cm-2 of their counterpart with few S vacancies and relatively low crystallinity, due to the increased crystallinity and partial oxidation of MoS2. This work sheds light on how the defects tailor the nonlinear optical properties of 2D MoS2 nanofilms and affords an effective strategy for defect engineering via a polyelectrolyte-assisted annealing process, which can be applied to other 2D transition metal dichalcogenides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic and Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics (SIOM), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 201800, China.
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Wang X, Liang Y, Wu L, Guo J, Dai X, Xiang Y. Multi-channel perfect absorber based on a one-dimensional topological photonic crystal heterostructure with graphene. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4256-4259. [PMID: 30160765 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The topological edge mode, which exists at the interface of a one-dimensional (1D) topological photonic crystal (PhC) heterostructure, provides the possibility to realize perfect absorption for its strong field localization effects. In this Letter, it is found that a huge absorption enhancement appears because of the excitation of topological edge mode, while the graphene is sandwiched between two 1D PhCs. The single peak perfect absorption is realized by means of the strong coupling of incident light and Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) which is excited with Ag-PhC structure. Moreover, we use a heterostructure constructed by two PhCs, a monolayer graphene and Ag mirror to theoretically demonstrate that multi-channel perfect absorption can be achieved based on the effect of topological edge mode, TPPs and critical coupling. The angular selectivity of the proposed absorber is also investigated. Both of the absorption peaks are extremely narrow, and the absorption can be maintained more than 97% with the incident angle varying from 0° to 50°. Hence, our results may have potential applications in optical switches, thermal emissions, and narrowband selective filters.
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Kłopotowski Ł, Czechowski N, Mitioglu AA, Backes C, Maude DK, Plochocka P. Long-lived photoluminescence polarization of localized excitons in liquid exfoliated monolayer enriched WS 2. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:335703. [PMID: 29790860 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac73e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) constitute a family of materials, in which coupled spin-valley physics can be explored and which could find applications in novel optoelectronic devices. However, before applications can be designed, a scalable method of monolayer extraction is required. Liquid phase exfoliation is a technique providing large quantities of the monolayer material, but the spin-valley properties of thus obtained TMDs are unknown. In this work, we employ steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) to investigate the relaxation dynamics of localized excitons (LXs) in liquid exfoliated WS2. The results reveal that the circular polarization lifetime of the PL exceeds by at least an order of magnitude the PL lifetime. A rate equations model allows us to reproduce quantitatively the experimental data and to conclude that the observed large and long-lived PL polarization originates from efficient trapping of free excitons at localization sites hindering the intervalley relaxation. Furthermore, our results show that the depolarization process is inefficient for LXs. We discuss various mechanisms leading to this effect such as suppression of intervalley scattering of the LXs or inefficient spin relaxation of the holes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ł Kłopotowski
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
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Rahman MFA, Latiff AA, Rusdi MFM, Dimyati K, Harun SW. Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser via a thulium-doped fiber saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6510-6515. [PMID: 30117888 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated a reliable and stable Q-switched ytterbium-doped fiber laser centered at 1069 nm by employing a segment of 11 cm thulium-doped fiber (TDF) as a saturable absorber (SA) in the ring cavity. The fiber SA has an optical absorption of 1.35 dB at the Q-switched operating regime. As we increased the pump power from 109 mW to the maximum available pump power of 206 mW, a consistent Q-switched laser with output power ranging from 1.8 to 4.8 mW was attained. The pulse width narrowed from 4.9 to 2.87 μs, whereas the repetition rate increased from 40 to 60.2 kHz. In addition, maximum pulse energy of 80.7 nJ and a maximum peak power of 28.1 mW were obtained at the maximum pump power. The signal to noise ratio (SNR) was around 47 dB. Our experimental study shows that a segment of TDF can be used as a Q-switcher in the 1 μm fiber laser cavity to facilitate a reliable and robust microsecond pulse generation.
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Zhang H, Healy N, Runge AFJ, Huang CC, Hewak DW, Peacock AC. Optical-resonance-enhanced nonlinearities in a MoS 2-coated single-mode fiber. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3100-3103. [PMID: 29957791 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has an electronic band structure that is dependent on the number of layers and, therefore, is a very promising material for an array of optoelectronic, photonic, and lasing applications. In this Letter, we make use of a side-polished optical fiber platform to gain access to the nonlinear optical properties of the MoS2 material. We show that the nonlinear response can be significantly enhanced via resonant coupling to the thin film material, allowing for the observation of optical modulation and spectral broadening in the telecom band. This route to access the nonlinear properties of two-dimensional materials promises to yield new insights into their photonic properties.
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Autere A, Jussila H, Dai Y, Wang Y, Lipsanen H, Sun Z. Nonlinear Optics with 2D Layered Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705963. [PMID: 29575171 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
2D layered materials (2DLMs) are a subject of intense research for a wide variety of applications (e.g., electronics, photonics, and optoelectronics) due to their unique physical properties. Most recently, increasing research efforts on 2DLMs are projected toward the nonlinear optical properties of 2DLMs, which are not only fascinating from the fundamental science point of view but also intriguing for various potential applications. Here, the current state of the art in the field of nonlinear optics based on 2DLMs and their hybrid structures (e.g., mixed-dimensional heterostructures, plasmonic structures, and silicon/fiber integrated structures) is reviewed. Several potential perspectives and possible future research directions of these promising nanomaterials for nonlinear optics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Autere
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yunyun Dai
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Harri Lipsanen
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Finland
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Aalto, FI-00076, Finland
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Hu G, Kang J, Ng LWT, Zhu X, Howe RCT, Jones CG, Hersam MC, Hasan T. Functional inks and printing of two-dimensional materials. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:3265-3300. [PMID: 29667676 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00084k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Graphene and related two-dimensional materials provide an ideal platform for next generation disruptive technologies and applications. Exploiting these solution-processed two-dimensional materials in printing can accelerate this development by allowing additive patterning on both rigid and conformable substrates for flexible device design and large-scale, high-speed, cost-effective manufacturing. In this review, we summarise the current progress on ink formulation of two-dimensional materials and the printable applications enabled by them. We also present our perspectives on their research and technological future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK.
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Wang X, Cheng PK, Tang CY, Long H, Yuan H, Zeng L, Ma S, Qarony W, Tsang YH. Laser Q-switching with PtS 2 microflakes saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13055-13060. [PMID: 29801338 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the performance of two-dimensional (2D) layered nano-materials based saturable absorber (SA) for pulsed laser applications. However, fabricating materials in nanoscale requires complicated preparation processes, high energy consumption, and high expertise. Hence, the study of pulsed laser performance based on the saturable absorber prepared by layered materials with bulk-micro size have gained a great attention. Platinum disulfide (PtS2), which is newly developed group 10 2D layered materials, offers great potential for the laser photonic applications owing to its high carrier mobility, broadly tunable natural bandgap energy, and stability. In this work, the first passively Q-switched Erbium (Er) doped fiber laser is demonstrated with an operational wavelength of 1568.8 nm by using PtS2 microflakes saturable absorber, fabricated by a simple liquid exfoliation in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and then incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer thin film. A stable Q-switched laser operation is achieved by using this PtS2-SA within a fiber laser ring cavity. The maximum average output power is obtained as 1.1 mW, corresponding to the repetition rate of 24.6 kHz, the pulse duration of 4.2 μs, and single pulse energy of 45.6 nJ. These results open up new applications of this novel PtS2 layered material.
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Fan M, Li T, Zhao J, Zhao S, Li G, Yang K, Su L, Ma H, Kränkel C. Continuous wave and ReS 2 passively Q-switched Er : SrF 2 laser at ∼3 μm. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1726-1729. [PMID: 29652350 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report on an efficient Er:SrF2 laser at 2.79 μm. A continuous wave output power of 1.06 W was obtained with a slope efficiency of 41%, significantly exceeding the Stokes efficiency of 35%. Stable Q-switched laser operation was realized by using an ReS2 saturable absorber, generating an average output power of 0.58 W with a pulse duration of 508 ns at a repetition rate of 49 kHz, corresponding to a pulse energy of 12.1 μJ.
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Li W, Wu J, Guan X, Zhou Z, Xu H, Luo Z, Cai Z. Efficient continuous-wave and short-pulse Ho 3+-doped fluorozirconate glass all-fiber lasers operating in the visible spectral range. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:5272-5279. [PMID: 29498391 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07991e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, efficient visible Ho3+-doped fluorozirconate glass (Ho:ZBLAN) all-fiber lasers operating in continuous-wave (CW) and Q-switching regimes are experimentally demonstrated. The combination of a direct blue pump, a highly-doped Ho:ZBLAN fiber and the fiber end-facet mirrors contributes to a simple all-fiber configuration. A tunable laser emission in the green spectral range of 543-550 nm is achieved with >150 mW output power and a tunable deep-red laser around 754-758 nm is also obtained with about 16 mW output power. Interestingly, stable visible self-Q-switched operation was successfully observed. For the green Q-switched all-fiber laser, a maximum single pulse energy of 196 nJ is realized with a repetition rate of 97.66 kHz and a pulse duration of 605 ns. As the pump power is increased, the deep-red Q-switched all-fiber laser has the pulse repetition rate from 59.88 to 100.5 kHz and the pulse duration from 4.85 to 2.02 μs, corresponding to the maximum pulse energy of 58 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration of Ho:ZBLAN all-fiber lasers emitting in the visible spectral range (i.e., both green and deep-red wavelengths).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensong Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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le Feber B, Prins F, De Leo E, Rabouw FT, Norris DJ. Colloidal-Quantum-Dot Ring Lasers with Active Color Control. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:1028-1034. [PMID: 29283266 PMCID: PMC5817622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To improve the photophysical performance of colloidal quantum dots for laser applications, sophisticated core/shell geometries have been developed. Typically, a wider bandgap semiconductor is added as a shell to enhance the gain from the quantum-dot core. This shell is designed to electronically isolate the core, funnel excitons to it, and reduce nonradiative Auger recombination. However, the shell could also potentially provide a secondary source of gain, leading to further versatility in these materials. Here we develop high-quality quantum-dot ring lasers that not only exhibit lasing from both the core and the shell but also the ability to switch between them. We fabricate ring resonators (with quality factors up to ∼2500) consisting only of CdSe/CdS/ZnS core/shell/shell quantum dots using a simple template-stripping process. We then examine lasing as a function of the optical excitation power and ring radius. In resonators with quality factors >1000, excitons in the CdSe cores lead to red lasing with thresholds at ∼25 μJ/cm2. With increasing power, green lasing from the CdS shell emerges (>100 μJ/cm2) and then the red lasing begins to disappear (>250 μJ/cm2). We present a rate-equation model that can explain this color switching as a competition between exciton localization into the core and stimulated emission from excitons in the shell. Moreover, by lowering the quality factor of the cavity we can engineer the device to exhibit only green lasing. The mechanism demonstrated here provides a potential route toward color-switchable quantum-dot lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris le Feber
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Eva De Leo
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Freddy T. Rabouw
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David J. Norris
- Optical Materials Engineering Laboratory,
Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Li D, Jussila H, Wang Y, Hu G, Albrow-Owen T, C T Howe R, Ren Z, Bai J, Hasan T, Sun Z. Wavelength and pulse duration tunable ultrafast fiber laser mode-locked with carbon nanotubes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2738. [PMID: 29426938 PMCID: PMC5807438 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrafast lasers with tunable parameters in wavelength and time domains are the choice of light source for various applications such as spectroscopy and communication. Here, we report a wavelength and pulse-duration tunable mode-locked Erbium doped fiber laser with single wall carbon nanotube-based saturable absorber. An intra-cavity tunable filter is employed to continuously tune the output wavelength for 34 nm (from 1525 nm to 1559 nm) and pulse duration from 545 fs to 6.1 ps, respectively. Our results provide a novel light source for various applications requiring variable wavelength or pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diao Li
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry under Extraordinary Conditions, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 710072, Xi'an, China
| | - Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Albrow-Owen
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard C T Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zhaoyu Ren
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Jintao Bai
- State Key Lab Incubation Base of Photoelectric Technology and Functional Materials, and Institute of Photonics and Photon-Technology, Northwest University, 710069, Xi'an, China
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, CB3 0FA, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150, Espoo, Finland.
- QTF Centre of Excellence, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
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38
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Yin J, Li J, Chen H, Wang J, Yan P, Liu M, Liu W, Lu W, Xu Z, Zhang W, Wang J, Sun Z, Ruan S. Large-area highly crystalline WSe 2 atomic layers for ultrafast pulsed lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:30020-30031. [PMID: 29221037 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Large-area and highly crystalline transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) films possess superior saturable absorption compared to the TMDs nanosheet counterparts, which make them more suitable as excellent saturable absorbers (SA) for ultrafast laser technology. Thus far, the nonlinear optical properties of large-scale WSe2 and its applications in ultrafast photonics have not yet been fully investigated. In this work, the saturable absorption of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown WSe2 films with large-scale and high quality are studied and the use of WSe2 films as a broadband SA for passively mode-locked fiber lasers at both 1.5 and 2 μm ranges is demonstrated. To enhance the light-material interaction, large-area WSe2 film is tightly transferred onto the side wall of a microfiber to form a hybrid structure, which realizes strong evanescent wave interaction between light and WSe2 film. The integrated microfiber-WSe2 device shows a large modulation depth of 54.5%. Using the large-area WSe2 as a mode-locker, stable soliton mode-locked pulse generation is achieved and the pulse durations of 477 fs (at 1.5 μm) and 1.18 ps (at 2.0 μm) are demonstrated, which suggests that the large-area and highly crystalline WSe2 films afford an excellent broadband SA for ultrafast photonic applications.
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Sun Y, Bai Y, Li D, Hou L, Bai B, Gong Y, Yu L, Bai J. 946 nm Nd: YAG double Q-switched laser based on monolayer WSe 2 saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:21037-21048. [PMID: 29041513 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.021037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report a 946nm double Q-switched laser side pumped by an 808-nm pulse laser diode (LD). A layered tungsten diselenide (WSe2) saturable absorber (SA) together with an MgO doped LiNbO3 electro-optic (EO) modulator is applied to double Q-switch the Nd: YAG laser, producing trains of nanosecond-duration pulses with 500 Hz repetition rate. Such WSe2 saturable absorbers are fabricated by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in a hot wall chamber and then embedded into a resonant mirror. The achieved pulse energy of double Q-switched laser at 946 nm is approximately 2.63 mJ with 10.8 ns pulse width and the peak power is round 244 kW, corresponding to the beam quality factors of M2x = 3.846,M2y = 3.861. Monolayer WSe2 nanosheets applied in the experiment would be a promising SA for passive Q-switching operation.
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40
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Hu G, Albrow-Owen T, Jin X, Ali A, Hu Y, Howe RCT, Shehzad K, Yang Z, Zhu X, Woodward RI, Wu TC, Jussila H, Wu JB, Peng P, Tan PH, Sun Z, Kelleher EJR, Zhang M, Xu Y, Hasan T. Black phosphorus ink formulation for inkjet printing of optoelectronics and photonics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:278. [PMID: 28819184 PMCID: PMC5561124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Black phosphorus is a two-dimensional material of great interest, in part because of its high carrier mobility and thickness dependent direct bandgap. However, its instability under ambient conditions limits material deposition options for device fabrication. Here we show a black phosphorus ink that can be reliably inkjet printed, enabling scalable development of optoelectronic and photonic devices. Our binder-free ink suppresses coffee ring formation through induced recirculating Marangoni flow, and supports excellent consistency (< 2% variation) and spatial uniformity (< 3.4% variation), without substrate pre-treatment. Due to rapid ink drying (< 10 s at < 60 °C), printing causes minimal oxidation. Following encapsulation, the printed black phosphorus is stable against long-term (> 30 days) oxidation. We demonstrate printed black phosphorus as a passive switch for ultrafast lasers, stable against intense irradiation, and as a visible to near-infrared photodetector with high responsivities. Our work highlights the promise of this material as a functional ink platform for printed devices.Atomically thin black phosphorus shows promise for optoelectronics and photonics, yet its instability under environmental conditions and the lack of well-established large-area synthesis protocols hinder its applications. Here, the authors demonstrate a stable black phosphorus ink suitable for printed ultrafast lasers and photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Hu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Tom Albrow-Owen
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xinxin Jin
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ayaz Ali
- School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yuwei Hu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Richard C T Howe
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Khurram Shehzad
- School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Zongyin Yang
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Xuekun Zhu
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Robert I Woodward
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Tien-Chun Wu
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
| | - Henri Jussila
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Jiang-Bin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Peng Peng
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.,International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ping-Heng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, Espoo, FI-02150, Finland
| | - Edmund J R Kelleher
- Femtosecond Optics Group, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Meng Zhang
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,International Research Institute for Multidisciplinary Science, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
| | - Tawfique Hasan
- Cambridge Graphene Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK.
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Wei R, Qiao T, Tian X, Zhang H, He X, Hu Z, Chen Q, Qiu J. Enhanced nonlinear optical response of Se-doped MoS 2 nanosheets for passively Q-switched fiber laser application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:215206. [PMID: 28383288 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa6bc8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) performance was observed in Se-doped MoS2 nanosheets synthesized through a facile annealing process. Se-doped MoS2 nanosheets with a large saturable intensity and high modulation depth generated stable passively Q-switched fiber laser pulses at 1559 nm. In comparison with the Q-switched fiber laser utilizing the pristine MoS2 nanosheets as a saturable absorber, the passive Q-switching operation based on Se-doped MoS2 nanosheets could be conducted at a lower threshold power of 50 mW, a wider range of repetition rates from 28.97 to 130 kHz, and a higher SNR of 56 dB. More importantly, the shortest pulse duration of 1.502 μs was realized and the output power and pulse energy reached 17.2 mW and 133.07 nJ, respectively. These results indicate that tailoring the chemical composition of optical nanomaterials by introducing a dopant is a feasible method of improving the NLO response of the MoS2 nanosheets and realizing excellent ultrafast pulse generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fibers Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road 381, Guangzhou 510641, People's Republic of China
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Aiub EJ, Steinberg D, Thoroh de Souza EA, Saito LAM. 200-fs mode-locked Erbium-doped fiber laser by using mechanically exfoliated MoS 2 saturable absorber onto D-shaped optical fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:10546-10552. [PMID: 28468427 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.010546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, we demonstrated the fabrication of mechanically exfoliated molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) samples deposited onto a D-shaped optical fiber. The MoS2 exfoliated flakes were deposited onto a stacked of 1.2 µm PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and 300 nm PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) layers and then transferred directly onto a side polished surface of D-shaped optical fiber with polishing length of 17 mm and no distance from the fiber core. The sample exhibited a high polarization performance as a polarizer with relative polarization extinction ratio of 97.5%. By incorporating the sample as a saturable absorber in the Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL), bandwidth of 20.5 nm and pulse duration of 200 fs were generated, which corresponded to the best mode-locking results obtained for all-fiber MoS2 saturable absorber at 1.5 µm wavelength.
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Ma W, Wang T, Zhang Y, Liu P, Su Y, Jia Q, Bi M, Zhang P, Jiang H. Widely tunable 2 μm continuous-wave and mode-locked fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:3342-3346. [PMID: 28430255 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.003342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We propose and experimentally demonstrate a widely tunable mode-locked thulium-doped fiber laser. The laser can operate at both continuous-wave and mode-locked states at different pump power levels. A classic nonlinear polarization rotation structure is employed to obtain the passive mode-locked laser. A birefringence Lyot filter as a fiber comb filter is used to expand the tuning range. Thanks to the filtering component, the tuning range of the continuous-wave laser can reach 127 nm (1823-1950 nm). The tuning ranges of the single-wavelength and dual-wavelength mode-locked lasers are 94 nm (1835-1929 nm) and 87 nm (1831-1918 nm), respectively, with a 3.085 MHz repetition rate and 75 ps pulse width.
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Yao BC, Rao YJ, Huang SW, Wu Y, Feng ZY, Choi C, Liu H, Qi HF, Duan XF, Peng GD, Wong CW. Graphene Q-switched distributed feedback fiber lasers with narrow linewidth approaching the transform limit. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:8202-8211. [PMID: 28380935 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.008202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A compact all-in-line graphene-based distributed feedback Bragg-grating fiber laser (GDFB-FL) with narrow linewidth of hundreds kHz is demonstrated and investigated in this study. Performing as an optical saturable absorber, graphene oscillates the initially kHz linewidth DFB-FL, and generates high-quality passively Q-switched pulses. Pumped with a 980 nm continuous-wave laser, the Q-switched GDFB-FL observes ~1 μs pulse durations, with pulse energies up to ~10 nJ and approaching the transform limit. The peak power is ~600 times higher than the original DFB-FL laser. By optimizing the cavity design and the graphene material, it is predicted that fast Q-switched pulses with more than MHz repetition rates and sub-100 ns pulse durations are achievable. Such transform-limited Q-switched GDFB-FLs with narrow linewidth of sub-MHz have long coherence length, good tunability, stability, compactness and robustness, with potential impact in optical coherent communications, metrology and sensing.
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Liu X, Guo Q, Qiu J. Emerging Low-Dimensional Materials for Nonlinear Optics and Ultrafast Photonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1605886. [PMID: 28225160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Low-dimensional (LD) materials demonstrate intriguing optical properties, which lead to applications in diverse fields, such as photonics, biomedicine and energy. Due to modulation of electronic structure by the reduced structural dimensionality, LD versions of metal, semiconductor and topological insulators (TIs) at the same time bear distinct nonlinear optical (NLO) properties as compared with their bulk counterparts. Their interaction with short pulse laser excitation exhibits a strong nonlinear character manifested by NLO absorption, giving rise to optical limiting or saturated absorption associated with excited state absorption and Pauli blocking in different materials. In particular, the saturable absorption of these emerging LD materials including two-dimensional semiconductors as well as colloidal TI nanoparticles has recently been utilized for Q-switching and mode-locking ultra-short pulse generation across the visible, near infrared and middle infrared wavelength regions. Beside the large operation bandwidth, these ultrafast photonics applications are especially benefit from the high recovery rate as well as the facile processibility of these LD materials. The prominent NLO response of these LD materials have also provided new avenues for the development of novel NLO and photonics devices for all-optical control as well as optical circuits beyond ultrafast lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiangbing Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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Liu H, Sun Z, Wang X, Wang Y, Cheng G. Several nanosecond Nd:YVO 4 lasers Q-switched by two dimensional materials: tungsten disulfide, molybdenum disulfide, and black phosphorous. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:6244-6252. [PMID: 28380977 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.006244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-like two-dimensional (2D) materials have shown remarkable broadband saturable absorption properties. These materials were successfully applied into mode locked lasers to generate laser pulses with the pulse duration from picosecond to femtosecond. However, these novel materials have not shown good performance as far in another important aspect: Q-switched lasers. Solid-state or fiber lasers Q-switched with broadband absorbers usually generated pulses of one hundred nanosecond to several microsecond, which show weak competitiveness compared to traditional absorbers such as Cr: YAG and semiconductor saturable absorption mirror (SESAM). In this paper we utilized BP, WS2 and MoS2 solutions as saturable absorbers (SAs) to construct the passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 lasers. The pulse durations as short as 2.86 nanosecond was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, it was the first report that the pulse durations approached several nanosecond level in Q-switched lasers with liquid-form of BP, WS2 and MoS2 SAs.
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Qiao J, Zhao S, Yang K, Zhao J, Li G, Li D, Li T, Qiao W. Hybrid Q-switched laser with MoS 2 saturable absorber and AOM driven sub-nanosecond KTP-OPO. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:4227-4238. [PMID: 28241627 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially transition-metal dichalcogenides, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2), have attracted great interests due to their exceptional optical properties as saturable absorbers in laser systems. In this work, at first, we presented a diode-pumped passively Q-switched laser with MoS2 saturable absorber (MoS2-SA). At an incident pump power of 6.54 W, a maximum output power of 1.15 W with a minimum pulse duration of 70.6 ns was obtained, which is the shortest pulse duration of diode pumped passively Q-switched laser with MoS2-SA to the best of our knowledge. Then, by using a hybrid Q-switched laser with a MoS2-SA and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) as pumping fundamental laser, a sub-nanosecond KTiOPO4 (KTP) based intracavity optical parametric oscillation (IOPO) was realized. With an incident pump power of 10.2 W and AOM repetition rate of 10 kHz, the maximum output power of 183 mW with minimum pulse duration of 850 ps was obtained. The experimental results indicate that the IOPO pumped by the hybrid Q-switched laser with AOM and MoS2-SA can generate signal wave with shorter pulse duration than those IOPOs pumped by hybrid Q-switched laser with AOM and Cr4+:YAG or single-walled carbon nanotube saturable absober (SWCNT-SA) or monolayer graphene SA.
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Li W, Du T, Lan J, Guo C, Cheng Y, Xu H, Zhu C, Wang F, Luo Z, Cai Z. 716 nm deep-red passively Q-switched Pr:ZBLAN all-fiber laser using a carbon-nanotube saturable absorber. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:671-674. [PMID: 28198836 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.000671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated a compact single-wall carbon-nanotube (SWNT)-based deep-red passively Q-switched Pr3+-doped ZBLAN all-fiber laser operating at 716 nm. A free-standing SWNT/polyvinyl alcohol composite film embedded between a pair of fiber connectors was employed as a saturable absorber (SA). The deep-red Q-switched operation is attributed to the combination of implementing a pair of fiber end-facet mirrors to achieve the linear laser resonator and incorporating a SWNT-SA into the cavity as a Q-switcher. Stable short-pulse generation with a duration of 2.3 μs was realized. When gradually increasing the incident pump power, the pulse repetition rate can be linearly tuned from 32.6 to 86.5 kHz, corresponding to a maximum average output power of 1.5 mW and the highest single-pulse energy of 18.3 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of SWNT-based SA for a Q-switched laser at a deep-red wavelength ∼716 nm.
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Yan P, Chen H, Yin J, Xu Z, Li J, Jiang Z, Zhang W, Wang J, Li IL, Sun Z, Ruan S. Large-area tungsten disulfide for ultrafast photonics. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:1871-1877. [PMID: 28094408 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr09183k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted significant interest in various optoelectronic applications due to their excellent nonlinear optical properties. One of the most important applications of TMDs is to be employed as an extraordinary optical modulation material (e.g., the saturable absorber (SA)) in ultrafast photonics. The main challenge arises while embedding TMDs into fiber laser systems to generate ultrafast pulse trains and thus constraints their practical applications. Herein, few-layered WS2 with a large-area was directly transferred on the facet of the pigtail and acted as a SA for erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) systems. In our study, WS2 SA exhibited remarkable nonlinear optical properties (e.g., modulation depth of 15.1% and saturable intensity of 157.6 MW cm-2) and was used for ultrafast pulse generation. The soliton pulses with remarkable performances (e.g., ultrashort pulse duration of 1.49 ps, high stability of 71.8 dB, and large pulse average output power of 62.5 mW) could be obtained in a telecommunication band. To the best of our knowledge, the average output power of the mode-locked pulse trains is the highest by employing TMD materials in fiber laser systems. These results indicate that atomically large-area WS2 could be used as excellent optical modulation materials in ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiguang Yan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jinde Yin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zihan Xu
- Shenzhen 6Carbon Technology, China
| | - Jiarong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zike Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Jinzhang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Irene Ling Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanosciences, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Shuangchen Ruan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Laser Engineering, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Nanhai Avenue 3688, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Lin HY, Li WS, Lan JL, Guan XF, Xu HY, Cai ZP. All-fiber passively Q-switched 604 nm praseodymium laser with a Bi 2Se 3 saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:802-805. [PMID: 28158079 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated a simple passively Q-switched praseodymium (Pr3+)-doped all-fiber laser at 604 nm with a Bi2Se3 saturable absorber (SA). A Bi2Se3/polyvinyl alcohol composite film is sandwiched between two ferrules to construct a fiber-compatible Q-switcher. Two fiber end facet mirrors build a compact-linear resonator. The repetition rate of the achieved 604 nm Q-switching pulse can be widely tuned from 86.2 to 187.4 kHz, and the pulse duration can be as narrow as 494 ns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the shortest operation wavelength of a Bi2Se3-based pulsed all-fiber laser at 604 nm.
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