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Maciel-Escudero C, Yankovich AB, Munkhbat B, Baranov DG, Hillenbrand R, Olsson E, Aizpurua J, Shegai TO. Probing optical anapoles with fast electron beams. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8478. [PMID: 38123545 PMCID: PMC10733292 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Optical anapoles are intriguing charge-current distributions characterized by a strong suppression of electromagnetic radiation. They originate from the destructive interference of the radiation produced by electric and toroidal multipoles. Although anapoles in dielectric structures have been probed and mapped with a combination of near- and far-field optical techniques, their excitation using fast electron beams has not been explored so far. Here, we theoretically and experimentally analyze the excitation of optical anapoles in tungsten disulfide (WS2) nanodisks using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). We observe prominent dips in the electron energy loss spectra and associate them with the excitation of optical anapoles and anapole-exciton hybrids. We are able to map the anapoles excited in the WS2 nanodisks with subnanometer resolution and find that their excitation can be controlled by placing the electron beam at different positions on the nanodisk. Considering current research on the anapole phenomenon, we envision EELS in STEM to become a useful tool for accessing optical anapoles appearing in a variety of dielectric nanoresonators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Maciel-Escudero
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, Tolosa Hiribidea, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
| | - Andrew B Yankovich
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Battulga Munkhbat
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Photonics Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Copenhagen, 2800, Denmark
| | - Denis G Baranov
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | - Rainer Hillenbrand
- CIC NanoGUNE BRTA and Department of Electricity and Electronics, Tolosa Hiribidea, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48011, Spain
| | - Eva Olsson
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Javier Aizpurua
- Materials Physics Center, CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.
- Donostia International Physics Center, Paseo de Manuel Lardizabal, Donostia-San Sebastián, 20018, Spain.
| | - Timur O Shegai
- Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296, Göteborg, Sweden.
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2
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Kotte TPS, Adam AJL, Zuidwijk T, Heerkens CTH, Xu M, Urbach HP. Broadband directional scattering through a phase difference acquired in composite nanoparticles. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:38815-38830. [PMID: 38017976 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We study the broadband scattering of light by composite nanoparticles through the Born approximation, FEM simulations, and measurements. The particles consist of two materials and show broadband directional scattering. From the analytical approach and the subsequent FEM simulations, it was found that the directional scattering is due to the phase difference between the fields scattered by of each of the two materials of the nanoparticle. To confirm this experimentally, composite nanoparticles were produced using ion-beam etching. Measurements of SiO2 / Au composite nanoparticles confirmed the directional scattering which was predicted by theory and simulations.
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3
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So S, Mun J, Park J, Rho J. Revisiting the Design Strategies for Metasurfaces: Fundamental Physics, Optimization, and Beyond. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206399. [PMID: 36153791 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the capabilities of metasurfaces in light modulation with subwavelength thickness have been proven, and metasurfaces are expected to miniaturize conventional optical components and add various functionalities. Herein, various metasurface design strategies are reviewed thoroughly. First, the scalar diffraction theory is revisited to provide the basic principle of light propagation. Then, widely used design methods based on the unit-cell approach are discussed. The methods include a set of simplified steps, including the phase-map retrieval and meta-atom unit-cell design. Then, recently emerging metasurfaces that may not be accurately designed using unit-cell approach are introduced. Unconventional metasurfaces are examined where the conventional design methods fail and finally potential design methods for such metasurfaces are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunae So
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungho Mun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 16678, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
- POSCO-POSTECH-RIST Convergence Research Center for Flat Optics and Metaphotonics, Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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4
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Philcox OH, Slepian Z. An exact integral-to-sum relation for products of Bessel functions. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2021.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A useful identity relating the infinite sum of two Bessel functions to their infinite integral was discovered in Dominici
et al.
(Dominici
et al.
2012
Proc. R. Soc. A
468
, 2667–2681). Here, we extend this result to products of
N
Bessel functions, and show it can be straightforwardly proven using the Abel-Plana theorem, or the Poisson summation formula. For
N
= 2, the proof is much simpler than that of Dominici
et al.
and significantly enlarges the range of validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver H.E. Philcox
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, 1 Einstein Drive, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Zachary Slepian
- Department of Astronomy, University of Florida, 211 Bryant Space Science Center, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94709, USA
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5
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Zanganeh E, Evlyukhin A, Miroshnichenko A, Song M, Nenasheva E, Kapitanova P. Anapole Meta-Atoms: Nonradiating Electric and Magnetic Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:096804. [PMID: 34506167 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.096804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The existence of classical nonradiating electromagnetic sources is one of the puzzling questions to date. Here, we investigate radiation properties of physical systems composed of a single ultrahigh permittivity dielectric hollow disk excited by electric or magnetic pointlike dipole antennas, placed inside the inner bore. Using analytical and numerical methods, we demonstrate that such systems can support anapole states with total suppression of far-field radiation and thereby exhibit the properties of electric or magnetic nonradiating sources. It is shown that the suppression of the far-field radiated power is a result of the destructive interference between radiative contributions of the pointlike dipole antennas and the corresponding induced dipole moments of the hollow disk. The experimental investigation of the nonradiating electric source has been performed to confirm our theoretical predictions. Our results pave the way to create and realize compact nonradiative sources for applications in modern wireless power transfer systems, sensors, RFID tags, and medical technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeel Zanganeh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey Evlyukhin
- Institute of Quantum Optics, Leibniz University Hannover, Welfengarten 1, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Andrey Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2600, Australia
| | - Mingzhao Song
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Elizaveta Nenasheva
- Ceramics Company Limited, 10, Kurchatova Street, Saint Petersburg 194223, Russia
| | - Polina Kapitanova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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6
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Abstract
The extraordinary sensitivity of plasmonic sensors is well-known in the optics and photonics community. These sensors exploit simultaneously the enhancement and the localization of electromagnetic fields close to the interface between a metal and a dielectric. This enables, for example, the design of integrated biochemical sensors at scales far below the diffraction limit. Despite their practical realization and successful commercialization, the sensitivity and associated precision of plasmonic sensors are starting to reach their fundamental classical limit given by quantum fluctuations of light-known as the shot-noise limit. To improve the sensing performance of these sensors beyond the classical limit, quantum resources are increasingly being employed. This area of research has become known as "quantum plasmonic sensing", and it has experienced substantial activity in recent years for applications in chemical and biological sensing. This review aims to cover both plasmonic and quantum techniques for sensing, and it shows how they have been merged to enhance the performance of plasmonic sensors beyond traditional methods. We discuss the general framework developed for quantum plasmonic sensing in recent years, covering the basic theory behind the advancements made, and describe the important works that made these advancements. We also describe several key works in detail, highlighting their motivation, the working principles behind them, and their future impact. The intention of the review is to set a foundation for a burgeoning field of research that is currently being explored out of intellectual curiosity and for a wide range of practical applications in biochemistry, medicine, and pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyoup Lee
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Quantum Universe Center, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Benjamin Lawrie
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Raphael Pooser
- Quantum Information Science Group, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Kwang-Geol Lee
- Department of Physics, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021Karlsruhe, Germany.,Max Planck School of Photonics, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Mark Tame
- Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
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7
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Fernandez-Corbaton I, Beutel D, Rockstuhl C, Pausch A, Klopper W. Computation of Electromagnetic Properties of Molecular Ensembles. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:878-887. [PMID: 32101636 PMCID: PMC7317848 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We outline a methodology for efficiently computing the electromagnetic response of molecular ensembles. The methodology is based on the link that we establish between quantum‐chemical simulations and the transfer matrix (T‐matrix) approach, a common tool in physics and engineering. We exemplify and analyze the accuracy of the methodology by using the time‐dependent Hartree‐Fock theory simulation data of a single chiral molecule to compute the T‐matrix of a cross‐like arrangement of four copies of the molecule, and then computing the circular dichroism of the cross. The results are in very good agreement with full quantum‐mechanical calculations on the cross. Importantly, the choice of computing circular dichroism is arbitrary: Any kind of electromagnetic response of an object can be computed from its T‐matrix. We also show, by means of another example, how the methodology can be used to predict experimental measurements on a molecular material of macroscopic dimensions. This is possible because, once the T‐matrices of the individual components of an ensemble are known, the electromagnetic response of the ensemble can be efficiently computed. This holds for arbitrary arrangements of a large number of molecules, as well as for periodic or aperiodic molecular arrays. We identify areas of research for further improving the accuracy of the method, as well as new fundamental and technological research avenues based on the use of the T‐matrices of molecules and molecular ensembles for quantifying their degrees of symmetry breaking. We provide T‐matrix‐based formulas for computing traditional chiro‐optical properties like (oriented) circular dichroism, and also for quantifying electromagnetic duality and electromagnetic chirality. The formulas are valid for light‐matter interactions of arbitrarily‐high multipolar orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 6980, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 6980, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ansgar Pausch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 6980, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 6980, 76049, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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8
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Camacho-Morales R, Bautista G, Zang X, Xu L, Turquet L, Miroshnichenko A, Tan HH, Lamprianidis A, Rahmani M, Jagadish C, Neshev DN, Kauranen M. Resonant harmonic generation in AlGaAs nanoantennas probed by cylindrical vector beams. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:1745-1753. [PMID: 30623948 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08034h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigate second- and third-harmonic generation from individual AlGaAs nanoantennas using far-field mapping with radially- and azimuthally-polarized cylindrical vector beams. Due to the unique polarization structure of these beams, we are able to determine the crystal orientation of the nanoantenna in a single scanning map. Our method thus provides a novel and versatile optical tool to study the crystal properties of semiconductor nanoantennas. We also demonstrate the influence of cylindrical vector beam excitation on the resonant enhancement of second- and third-harmonic generation driven by electric and magnetic anapole-like modes, despite falling in the strong absorption regime of AlGaAs. In particular, we observe a greater nonlinear conversion efficiency from a single nanoantenna excited with a radially-polarized beam as compared to an azimuthally polarized cylindrical vector beam. The fundamental field of the radially-polarized beam strongly couples to the multipoles increasing the near-field enhancement of the nanoantenna. Our work introduces new ways to study individual nanostructures and to tailor the efficiencies of nonlinear phenomena at the nanoscale using non-conventional optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Camacho-Morales
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics and Engineering, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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9
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Hong J, Kim SJ, Kim I, Yun H, Mun SE, Rho J, Lee B. Plasmonic metasurface cavity for simultaneous enhancement of optical electric and magnetic fields in deep subwavelength volume. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:13340-13348. [PMID: 29801359 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It has been hard to achieve simultaneous plasmonic enhancement of nanoscale light-matter interactions in terms of both electric and magnetic manners with easily reproducible fabrication method and systematic theoretical design rule. In this paper, a novel concept of a flat nanofocusing device is proposed for simultaneously squeezing both electric and magnetic fields in deep-subwavelength volume (~λ3/538) in a large area. Based on the funneled unit cell structures and surface plasmon-assisted coherent interactions between them, the array of rectangular nanocavity connected to a tapered nanoantenna, plasmonic metasurface cavity, is constructed by periodic arrangement of the unit cell. The average enhancement factors of electric and magnetic field intensities reach about 60 and 22 in nanocavities, respectively. The proposed outstanding performance of the device is verified numerically and experimentally. We expect that this work would expand methodologies involving optical near-field manipulations in large areas and related potential applications including nanophotonic sensors, nonlinear responses, and quantum interactions.
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10
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Fernandez-Corbaton I, Nanz S, Rockstuhl C. On the dynamic toroidal multipoles from localized electric current distributions. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7527. [PMID: 28790393 PMCID: PMC5548821 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07474-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyze the dynamic toroidal multipoles and prove that they do not have an independent physical meaning with respect to their interaction with electromagnetic waves. We analytically show how the split into electric and toroidal parts causes the appearance of non-radiative components in each of the two parts. These non-radiative components, which cancel each other when both parts are summed, preclude the separate determination of each part by means of measurements of the radiation from the source or of its coupling to external electromagnetic waves. In other words, there is no toroidal radiation or independent toroidal electromagnetic coupling. The formal meaning of the toroidal multipoles is clear in our derivations. They are the higher order terms of an expansion of the multipolar coefficients of electric parity with respect to the electromagnetic size of the source.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefan Nanz
- Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Theoretische Festkörperphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Mobini E, Rahimzadegan A, Alaee R, Rockstuhl C. Optical alignment of oval graphene flakes. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:1039-1042. [PMID: 28295086 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.001039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Patterned graphene, as an atomically thin layer, supports localized surface plasmon polaritons at mid-infrared or far-infrared frequencies. This provides a pronounced optical force/torque in addition to large optical cross sections and will make it an ideal candidate for optical manipulation. Here, we study the optical force and torque exerted by a linearly polarized plane wave on circular and oval graphene flakes (single layers of graphene). While the torque vanishes for circular flakes, the finite torque allows rotating and orienting oval flakes relative to the electric field polarization. Depending on the wavelength, the alignment is either parallel or perpendicular to the electric field vector. In our contribution, we rely on a full-wave numerical simulation and also on an analytical model that treats the graphene flakes in a dipole approximation. The presented results reveal a good level of control on the spatial alignment of graphene flakes subjected to far-infrared illumination.
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12
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Zambrana-Puyalto X, Bonod N. Tailoring the chirality of light emission with spherical Si-based antennas. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:10441-10452. [PMID: 27141982 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00676k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chirality of light is of fundamental importance in several enabling technologies with growing applications in life sciences, chemistry and photodetection. Recently, some attention has been focused on chiral quantum emitters. Consequently, optical antennas which are able to tailor the chirality of light emission are needed. Spherical nanoresonators such as colloids are of particular interest to design optical antennas since they can be synthesized at a large scale and they exhibit good optical properties. Here, we show that these colloids can be used to tailor the chirality of a chiral emitter. To this purpose, we derive an analytic formalism to model the interaction between a chiral emitter and a spherical resonator. We then compare the performances of metallic and dielectric spherical antennas to tailor the chirality of light emission. It is seen that, due to their strong electric dipolar response, metallic spherical nanoparticles spoil the chirality of light emission by yielding achiral fields. In contrast, thanks to the combined excitation of electric and magnetic modes, dielectric Si-based particles feature the ability to inhibit or to boost the chirality of light emission. Finally, it is shown that dual modes in dielectric antennas preserve the chirality of light emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zambrana-Puyalto
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel UMR 7249, 13013 Marseille, France.
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