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Sherburne M, Harjes C, Klitsner B, Gigax J, Ivanov S, Schamiloglu E, Lehr J. Rapid Prototyping for Nanoparticle-Based Photonic Crystal Fiber Sensors. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 24:3707. [PMID: 38931493 PMCID: PMC11207360 DOI: 10.3390/s24123707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The advent of nanotechnology has motivated a revolution in the development of miniaturized sensors. Such sensors can be used for radiation detection, temperature sensing, radio-frequency sensing, strain sensing, and more. At the nanoscale, integrating the materials of interest into sensing platforms can be a common issue. One promising platform is photonic crystal fibers, which can draw in optically sensitive nanoparticles or have its optical properties changed by specialized nanomaterials. However, testing these sensors at scale is limited by the the need for specialized equipment to integrate these photonic crystal fibers into optical fiber systems. Having a method to enable rapid prototyping of new nanoparticle-based sensors in photonic crystal fibers would open up the field to a wider range of laboratories that could not have initially studied these materials in such a way before. This manuscript discusses the improved processes for cleaving, drawing, and rapidly integrating nanoparticle-based photonic crystal fibers into optical system setups. The method proposed in this manuscript achieved the following innovations: cleaving at a quality needed for nanoparticle integration could be done more reliably (≈100% acceptable cleaving yield versus ≈50% conventionally), nanoparticles could be drawn at scale through photonic crystal fibers in a safe manner (a method to draw multiple photonic crystal fibers at scale versus one fiber at a time), and the new photonic crystal fiber mount was able to be finely adjusted when increasing the optical coupling before inserting it into an optical system (before, expensive fusion splicing was the only other method).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Sherburne
- Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - Cameron Harjes
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM 87117, USA;
| | - Benjamin Klitsner
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA; (B.K.); (J.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Jonathan Gigax
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA; (B.K.); (J.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Sergei Ivanov
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA; (B.K.); (J.G.); (S.I.)
| | - Edl Schamiloglu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (E.S.); (J.L.)
| | - Jane Lehr
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; (E.S.); (J.L.)
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Han Y, Fan W, Zhao X, Wang L, He Y, Tang Y, Zhang H, Wang G, Zhang W, Bai C, Lu C, Fu S. Germanene saturable absorber for mode-locked operation in an all-fiber laser with multiple dispersion environments. APPLIED OPTICS 2024; 63:865-873. [PMID: 38294403 DOI: 10.1364/ao.513713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a high-quality germanene-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 3.05% and a saturation intensity of 17.95M W/c m 2 was prepared. Stable conventional mode-locking and harmonic mode-locking (HML) were achieved in germanene-based Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFL) using dispersion management techniques. In a cavity with a net dispersion value of -0.22p s 2, the conventional soliton had a center wavelength of 1558.2 nm, a repetition frequency of 19.09 MHz, and a maximum 3 dB spectrum bandwidth of 3.5 nm. The highest repetition frequencies achieved in cavities with net dispersion values of -2.81p s 2, -1.73p s 2, and -1.09p s 2 were 9.48 MHz, 12.75 MHz, and 12.10 MHz for HML, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of dispersion, power, and the polarization state on HML were systematically investigated. Our research results fully demonstrate the capability of germanene as an optical modulator in generating conventional mode-locked and harmonic mode-locked solitons. This provides meaningful references for promoting its application in ultrafast fiber lasers.
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Yao J, Zeng X. Photoelectrochemical biosensor based on DNA aptamers and dual nano-semiconductor heterojunctions for accurate and selective sensing of chloramphenicol. Mikrochim Acta 2022; 190:18. [PMID: 36495321 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-022-05573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nanosheets of anatase TiO2 and CdS quantum dots modified with thioglycolic acid (TGA-CdS QDs) were prepared and hierarchically modified on the indium tin oxides (ITO) electrodes. The heterojunction structure is formed to improve the light capture ability and carrier migration, significantly enhancing the sensitivity of photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors. Specific DNA sequences labeled with TGA-CdS QDs were placed on the electrodes to prepare a biosensor for the detection of chloramphenicol with ultrahigh selectivity. In addition, the heterojunction structure and the principle of photocurrent signal amplification on the electrode are described in detail. Under the optimal conditions, the photoelectrochemical biosensors showed good reproducibility and stability for chloramphenicol with a linear response in the range 10-10,000 pM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.23 pM. Due to the specific recognition of base pairs, the sensor has excellent anti-interference ability in practical applications. An effective method was developed for the accurate detection of antibiotics with far reaching prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiang Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
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Sheng Q, Tang S, Ye F, Wang Y, Chen S, Bai C, Lu C, Zhang H, Fu S, Wang G, Zhang W. Passively mode-locked fiber laser based on GeTe as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9379-9385. [PMID: 36606884 DOI: 10.1364/ao.475019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we fabricate a saturable absorber based on GeTe with saturation intensity and modulation depth of 12.6M W/c m 2 and 7%, respectively. We obtain stable conventional soliton and stretched soliton mode-locking operation. For the conventional soliton state, the average output power increased from 0.93 to 8.70 mW with the increase of pump power, and the fundamental repetition rate was 7.8351 MHz. Its central wavelength and 3 dB bandwidth were 1564.72 and 4.78 nm, respectively. For the stretched soliton state, when the pump power was increased from 87.4 to 420.3 mW, the average output power increased from 2.05 to 10.46 mW. When the maximum average output power reached 10.46 mW, the maximum average single-pulse energy was 0.86 nJ. The experimental results show that GeTe nanosheets will have broad application potential in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Gao C, Dai L, Huang Q, Li K, Fan M, Song Q, Yan Z, You F, Sun X, Mou C. Wavelength-tunable noise-like fiber laser based on PbS quantum dot saturable absorber film. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:5172-5178. [PMID: 36256199 DOI: 10.1364/ao.461063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A wavelength-tunable noise-like pulse (NLP) erbium-doped fiber laser incorporating PbS quantum dot (QD) polystyrene (PS) composite film as a saturable absorber (SA) is experimentally demonstrated. The wavelength tuning is implemented via a Lyot filter consisting of a segment of polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF) and a 45° tilted fiber grating. By adjusting the polarization state of the ring cavity, the laser can deliver NLP with a continuous wavelength-tunable range from 1550.21 to 1560.64 nm. During continuous wavelength tuning, the output power varies between a range of 30.88-48.8 mW. Worthwhile noting is that the output power of 48.8 mW is the reported highest output power for wavelength-tunable NLP operation in an erbium-doped fiber laser using composite film as a saturable absorber.
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Liu X, Xu N, Shang X, Zhao L, Dong X, Liu C, Zhang H, Li D. Third-order harmonic mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber laser based on a Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3884-3892. [PMID: 36256433 DOI: 10.1364/ao.457465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the generation of fundamental solitons and third-order solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) by a Cr2Ge2Te6-polyvinyl alcohol (CGT-PVA) saturable absorber (SA). Stable fundamental solitons at 1559.09 nm at a repetition frequency of 5.1 MHz were detected, and third-order solitons with a maximum output power of 6.807 mW and narrowest monopulse duration of 615.2 fs were obtained under a repetition frequency of 15.3 MHz by changing pump power. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first time to achieve a Q-switched pulse with a minimum pulse duration of 2.2 µs and maximum single pulse energy of 12.11 nJ in EDFL based on CGT-PVA SA after reducing the cavity length. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 18.8 kHz to 61.8 kHz with a tuning range of about 43 kHz. The experimental results sufficiently demonstrate that CGT has enormous potential as an ultrafast photonics device.
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Sui Z, Zhu M, Chen S, Yang F, Wang Y, Sun S, Hong Z, Fan W, Zhang W, Zhang H, Chen X, Wang G, Fu S. Generation of bright-dark soliton pairs based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2Si 2Te 6 as a modulator in an Er-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:3254-3259. [PMID: 35471305 DOI: 10.1364/ao.453675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a saturable absorber (SA) based on Cr2Si2Te6 (CST), with a modulation depth of 14.90% and saturation intensity of 4.81MW/cm2, was prepared by a liquid phase stripping method. Its nonlinear optical properties and application in obtaining mode-locked pulse output of bright-dark solitons are studied. When the pump power was 1250 mW, the maximum output power was 26.60 mW; the energy of the single pulse was 15.02 nJ, and the repetition rate was 1.77 MHz. Our results provided evidence that CST can be used as an excellent SA for a mode-locked laser and demonstrated that ferromagnetic insulators can be used for the study of bright-dark soliton pairs.
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Zhang H, Sun S, Shang X, Guo B, Li X, Chen X, Jiang S, Zhang H, Ågren H, Zhang W, Wang G, Lu C, Fu S. Ultrafast photonics applications of emerging 2D-Xenes beyond graphene. NANOPHOTONICS (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 11:1261-1284. [PMID: 39634618 PMCID: PMC11501453 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Driven by new two-dimensional materials, great changes and progress have taken place in the field of ultrafast photonics in recent years. Among them, the emerging single element two-dimensional materials (Xenes) have also received much attention due to their special physical and photoelectric properties including tunable broadband nonlinear saturable absorption, ultrafast carrier recovery rate, and ultrashort recovery time. In this review, the preparation methods of Xenes and various integration strategies are detailedly introduced at first. Then, we summarize the outcomes achieved by Xenes-based (beyond graphene) fiber lasers and make classifications based on the characteristics of output pulses according to the materials characterization and nonlinear optical absorption properties. Finally, an outlook of the future opportunities and challenges of ultrafast photonics devices based on Xenes and other 2D materials are highlighted, and we hope this review will promote their extensive applications in ultrafast photonics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanian Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Shandong Ruixing Single Mode Laser Technology Co. Ltd, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shuo Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Xinxin Shang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bo Guo
- Key Laboratory of In-fiber Integrated Optics, Ministry of Education, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- School of Physics & Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xian 710119, China
| | - Xiaohan Chen
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Technology and Application, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Shandong Ruixing Single Mode Laser Technology Co. Ltd, Zibo 255049, China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Photonic Information Technology, Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy (SZ), Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Hans Ågren
- School of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health Department of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wenfei Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Guomei Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Shenggui Fu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
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Efficient Saturable Absorber Based on Ferromagnetic Insulator Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 in Er-Doped Mode-Locked Fiber Laser. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050751. [PMID: 35269240 PMCID: PMC8911801 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A ferromagnetic insulator Cr2Ge2Te6 as a saturable absorber in an Er-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was demonstrated. In this work, a CGT-PVA composite film was successfully fabricated using the liquid-phase exfoliation method and employed in an EDFL. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the SA are 4.26% and 89.40 MW/cm2, respectively. Stable pulses with a minimum pulse width of 978.5 fs when the repetition rate was 3.25 MHz were recorded experimentally. Furthermore, stable solitons still need to be obtained when the pulse energy in the cavity is as high as 11.6 nJ. The results fully suggest that CGT has outstanding nonlinear absorption properties, which may have broad potential applications in ultrafast photons.
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Al-Hiti AS, Yasin M, Harun SW. Nanosecond Q-switched laser with PEDOT: PSS saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:1292-1299. [PMID: 35201009 DOI: 10.1364/ao.445615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate deployment of the nonlinear saturable absorption property of the organic material poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) for pulse generation in the near-infrared region. The saturable absorber (SA) film was made using a straightforward process of depositing a layer of the PEDOT: PSS material onto a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film. The prepared SA was inserted into an erbium-doped fiber laser cavity as a Q-switcher to produce laser pulses with a maximum pulse rate of 92.75 kHz, minimum pulse duration of 912 ns, and highest pulse energy of 222.83 nJ. Results showed that PEDOT: PSS/PVA SA could become a promising SA for various laser applications. To our knowledge, this is the first time that PEDOT: PSS/PVA has been utilized as a SA to produce a stable Q-switched laser in 1.55 µm.
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Yang F, Sun S, Chen S, Wang Y, Sui Z, Zhu M, Hong Z, Xu J, Tang S, Lu C, Wang G, Fu S, Chen X, Zhang H, Zhang W. Passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser based on a ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2Si 2Te 6 as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:898-903. [PMID: 35201058 DOI: 10.1364/ao.448502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In our work, a new-type, to the best of our knowledge, ferromagnetic insulator and its nonlinear optical absorption characteristics and related ultrafast modulation applications were investigated. Cr2Si2Te6 saturable absorbers (SAs) with a modulation depth and a saturable intensity of 9.7% and 3.5MW/cm2 were fabricated. By adjusting the pump power to 120 mW and optimizing the polarization state, traditional soliton operations were obtained successfully; the corresponding duration of pulse and the fundamental repetition rate were ∼1.33ps and 6.70 MHz, and the signal-to-noise ratio was 50 dB. The experimental results reveal that Cr2Si2Te6 with excellent saturable absorption characteristics can be used as a SA to obtain ultrafast pulse lasers.
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Wu Q, Chen L, Wu Z, Yao Y. Multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on a pure fiber saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7821-7827. [PMID: 34613257 DOI: 10.1364/ao.432369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The graded index multimode-fiber step-index multimode fiber-graded index multimode fiber (GIMF-SIMF-GIMF) structure was designed as a saturable absorber (SA). To obtain optical pulses that meet the requirements of different applications, the multistate transformations of a femtosecond fiber laser based on GIMF-SIMF-GIMF SA were numerically and experimentally researched. The fiber laser can self-start mode-locking; its fundamental repetition rate of fiber laser is 10.35 MHz. The fiber laser can deliver three different optical pulses, namely, the conventional soliton, second-order bound state, and noise-like pulse. The duration of soliton is 421.2 fs; the energy of noise-like pulse is 197.10 pJ. The experimental and simulated results show that the output states of the fiber laser can be switched by adjusting the pump power.
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Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) luminescent materials have emerged as a growing field of interest, particularly for imaging and optics applications in biology, chemistry, and physics. However, the development of materials for this and other use cases has been hindered by a range of issues that prevents their widespread use beyond benchtop research. This review explores emerging trends in some of the most promising NIR materials and their applications. In particular, we focus on how a more comprehensive understanding of intrinsic NIR material properties might allow researchers to better leverage these traits for innovative and robust applications in biological and physical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T. Jackson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sanghwa Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Markita P. Landry
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute (IGI), Berkeley, CA, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, QB3, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Chan-Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Li L, Pang L, Wang Y, Liu W. W xNb (1-x)Se 2 nanosheets for ultrafast photonics. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:2511-2518. [PMID: 33474558 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08580d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ternary transition metal chalcogenides (TTMDCs), a novel type of two-dimensional (2D) three-element materials, possess multiple physical and chemical properties and have promising potentials in basic physics and devices. Herein, the usage of WxNb(1-x)Se2 nanosheets as a rising ultrafast photonic device to generate high power mode-locked and Q-switched pulses in a fiber laser is demonstrated. The WxNb(1-x)Se2 nanosheets were successfully prepared by the liquid exfoliation method with thickness less than 3 nm. The nonlinear optical absorption of the WxNb(1-x)Se2-based device was investigated with the saturable intensity of 40.93 MW cm-2 and modulation depth of 5.43%. After integrating the WxNb(1-x)Se2-based device into an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser cavity, mode-locking and Q-switching laser pulses were formed. In the mode-locked mechanism output, the pulse width is as narrow as 131 fs and the output power is 52.93 mW. In Q-switched operation, the shortest pulse duration is 1.47 μs with the largest pulse energy of 257 nJ. Compared to recent studies, our results showed some improvements. This study suggests that 2D TTMDC-based devices could be developed as efficient ultrafast photonics candidates and widely used in nonlinear optical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Li
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Lihui Pang
- Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yao Wang
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China.
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Shang X, Guo L, Zhang H, Li D, Yue Q. Titanium Disulfide Based Saturable Absorber for Generating Passively Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Ultra-Fast Fiber Lasers. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101922. [PMID: 32993059 PMCID: PMC7601229 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In our work, passively mode-locked and Q-switched Er-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs) based on titanium disulfide (TiS2) as a saturable absorber (SA) were generated successfully. Stable mode-locked pulses centred at 1531.69 nm with the minimum pulse width of 2.36 ps were obtained. By reducing the length of the laser cavity and optimizing the cavity loss, Q-switched operation with a maximum pulse energy of 67.2 nJ and a minimum pulse duration of 2.34 µs was also obtained. Its repetition rate monotonically increased from 13.17 kHz to 48.45 kHz with about a 35 kHz tuning range. Our experiment results fully indicate that TiS2 exhibits excellent nonlinear absorption performance and significant potential in acting as ultra-fast photonics devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Shang
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices and Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Linguang Guo
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices and Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.S.); (L.G.)
| | - Huanian Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Dengwang Li
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices and Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.S.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qingyang Yue
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices and Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; (X.S.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence: (H.Z.); (D.L.); (Q.Y.)
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Wei Q, Han X, Zhang H, Yang C, Zhang C, Gao J, Man B, Xu S. CVD-Bi 2Te 3 as a saturable absorber for various solitons in a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7792-7800. [PMID: 32976449 DOI: 10.1364/ao.397625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report about high energy and various solitons' operation by using high-efficiency topological insulator bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) nanofilms as broadband saturable absorbers in the passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. The Bi2Te3 film was successfully synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Excellent characteristics of the dark-bright pulse pairs, bright pulses, and multiharmonics have been investigated experimentally by adjusting the polarization state. At the same time, the maximum average output power was 40.18 mW, and the single-pulse energy was 20.91 nJ. As we all know, it is the various solitons of the first generation with large pulse energy in an Er-doped fiber laser with Bi2Te3 as saturable absorber. The experimental results show that CVD Bi2Te3 can be used as an excellent candidate in mode-locked fiber lasers.
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Liu X, Hu P, Liu Y, Guo L, Ge X, Zhang H. Conventional solitons and bound-state solitons in an erbium-doped fiber laser mode-locked by TiSe 2-based saturable absorber. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:365202. [PMID: 32365337 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8fe6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Conventional solitons (CSs) as well as bound-state solitons in a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber (EDF) laser based on 1 T-phase titanium diselenide (1 T-TiSe2) saturable absorber (SA) have been systematically demonstrated for the first time. The mode locker is assembled by sandwiching the 1 T-TiSe2 film between two fiber ferrules to improve compatibility with the all-fiber-integrated ring cavity configuration. The modulation depth, saturation intensity and nonsaturable loss of the prepared 1 T-TiSe2 SA are 14.36%, 1.33 MW cm-2 and 9.44%, respectively. The system is switchable between two states: CS and bound-state CS, by carefully adjusting the orientations of the polarization controller (PC). In the CS mode-locked regime, the oscillating wavelength is centered at 1558.294 nm with a pulse duration of 1.74 ps, a pulse repetition rate of 3.23 MHz and a maximum average output power of 2.904 mW. In the bound-state CS regime, two identical solitons form the bound-state pulses with a temporal separation of 6.1 ps, and the bound-state pulses are equally distributed at a repetition rate of 3.23 MHz, corresponding to the fundamental cavity repetition rate. The experimental results further indicate that 1 T-TiSe2 SA is competitive with the existing SAs explored so far and will promote the applications of 1 T-TiSe2-based SAs in the field of ultrafast lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Shandong University of Technology, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Zibo, Shandong 255049, People's Republic of China
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Guo LG, Shang X, Gao J, Zhang H, Gao Y. ZrSe 2 nanosheet as saturable absorber for soliton operations within an Er-doped passive mode-locked fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:7484-7489. [PMID: 32902445 DOI: 10.1364/ao.402162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials have extensively promoted the development of ultrafast photonics in the past decade. In our work, the saturable absorption properties of ZrSe2 were presented. The saturation intensity, modulation depth, and nonlinear absorption coefficient of the ZrSe2 saturable absorber (SA) are about 13.14MW/cm2, 6.09%, and 1.85∗10-1cm/GW. In the experiment, based on the ZrSe2 SA, two types of solitons were recorded. A conventional soliton with a pulse width of 985 fs and a three-pulse bound state soliton have been obtained. Our experiment reveals that ZrSe2 can be employed for generating multiple ultrafast soliton generations and possess promising application in ultrafast photonics.
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Zhao R, Li D, Wang M, Zheng Y, Xu N, Liu D. Nonlinear optical characteristics of ZrSe 2 and its application for designing multi-wavelength mode-locked operations. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:4806-4813. [PMID: 32543473 DOI: 10.1364/ao.392832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In our work, a ZrSe2-polyvinyl alcohol film-type saturable absorber (SA) with a modulation depth of 4.99% and a saturable intensity of 12.42MW/cm2 was successfully prepared and employed in mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser. The fiber laser can generate stable multi-wavelength mode-locked operations with a threshold power of 224 mW and a maximum average output power of 3.272 mW at the repetition rate of 3.38 MHz for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our experimental results fully prove that ZrSe2 nanosheets were efficient SA candidates for demonstrating multi-wavelength mode-locked operation fiber lasers due to their tunable absorption peak and excellent saturable absorption properties.
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Zhang W, Wang G, Xing F, Man Z, Zhang F, Han K, Zhang H, Fu S. Passively Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber lasers based on tellurene nanosheets as saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:14729-14739. [PMID: 32403508 DOI: 10.1364/oe.392944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various two-dimensional (2D) materials show unique optical properties and excellent performance in acting as saturable absorber (SA) for demonstrating all-fiber ultra-fast lasers. Tellurene, as a new-fashioned few-layer 2D monoelemental material, was designed as an excellent saturable absorber to achieve Q-switched and mode-locked operations within erbium-doped fiber (EDF) lasers in our experiment. High-quality tellurene-based SA with a modulation depth of 0.97% was obtained by blending few-layer tellurene nanosheet solution prepared by liquid phase exfoliation method and the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution. Inserting the SA into the EDF laser cavity by sandwiching the tellurene-PVA film between two fiber ferrules, either the passively Q-switched or the passively mode-locked operations can be obtained. The repetition rate varies from 15.92 to 47.61 kHz, and the pulse duration decreases from 8.915 to 5.196 µs in the passively Q-switched operation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration focusing on the modulation application of tellurene in designing Q-switched pulsed laser operations. Additionally, mode-locked operations were also achieved by adjusting the polarization state. The obtained results fully indicate that tellurene can be developed as an efficient SA for pulsed fiber lasers.
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Hassan H, Munshid MA, Al-Janabi A. Tellurium-nanorod-based saturable absorber for an ultrafast passive mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:1230-1236. [PMID: 32225269 DOI: 10.1364/ao.383566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose and demonstrate ultrafast Te nanorods as a saturable absorber (SA) for producing mode locking from an erbium-doped fiber laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The Te nanorods were fabricated by a simple green chemical method with energy conservation and without a purification process. The morphology and structure measurements confirm uniform Te nanorods with a constant aspect ratio. The synthesized SA has a saturation intensity and modulation depth of $25.44\, {\rm MW/cm}^{2} $25.44MW/cm2 and 4%, respectively. By integrating the proposed SA into an erbium-doped all fiber-based ring cavity, the mode-locked fiber laser was readily generated. The conventional soliton pulses of ${3.56}\;{\rm ps}$3.56ps pulse width were obtained at 1566.7 nm central wavelength and a pulse repetition rate of 1.87 MHz. The results show that the moderate saturable-absorption characteristics of Te nanorods have superior performance in the ultrafast optics field, which is eligible in many applications, such as optical communications.
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Zheng Y, Wang M, Zhao R, Zhang H, Liu D, Li D. Nonlinear optical absorption properties of zirconium selenide in generating dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. APPLIED OPTICS 2020; 59:396-404. [PMID: 32225318 DOI: 10.1364/ao.377776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our work reports the preparation of zirconium selenide (ZrSe2)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-type saturable absorber (SA) and its nonlinear absorption performance in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs in an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the ZrSe2-PVA SA were ∼12.72MW/cm2 and 2.3%, respectively. Due to the modulation of the SA, under a pump power of 525.2 mW, stable dark soliton operation with an average output power of 9.75 mW, and a pulse repetition frequency of 20.84 MHz, a pulse width of 3.85 ns was attained successfully. By adjusting the state of the polarization controllers, dark-bright soliton pairs were also observed. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the nonlinear optical absorption applications of ZrSe2 in obtaining dark soliton and dark-bright soliton pairs. Our results show that ZrSe2 is a good two-dimensional SA material for acting as an ultrafast optical device due to its suitable nonlinear optical absorption properties.
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Zheng J, Dong Y, Pan X, Wen J, Chen Z, Pang F, Shang Y, Luo Y, Peng GD, Wang T. Ultra-wideband and flat-gain optical properties of the PbS quantum dots-doped silica fiber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:37900-37909. [PMID: 31878563 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.037900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the microstructural characteristics and optical properties of PbS quantum dots-doped silica fiber (PQDF), prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) doping technique. The fiber exhibits ultra-wideband luminescence and flat-gain with 3 dB bandwidth of 300 nm. The on-off gain and net gain can reach to 7.1-15.0 dB and 6.0-9.2 dB at 1050-1350 nm, respectively. The results of high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) further reveal the effects of PbS QDs doping in PQDF. The broadband luminescence spectrum originating from three active centers (1086, 1179, and 1304 nm), can be attributed to the dimension effect of PbS QDs (3.7, 4.0, and 4.3 nm, respectively). Moreover, the calculation results indicate that the multi-sized PbS QDs concentrated at 3.65-4.45 nm make the 3 dB gain bandwidth increase, which is six times wider than that of traditional erbium-doped fiber (EDF). Therefore, this type of PQDF is a promising gain medium for optical amplifiers and broadband light sources.
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Fu S, Shang X, Zhang F, Xing F, Man Z, Zhang W, Wang B, Li D, Zhang H. Ferromagnetic insulator Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 as a modulator for generating near-infrared bright-dark soliton pairs. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:9217-9223. [PMID: 31873600 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.009217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel two-dimensional (2D)-materials-based ultra-fast modulators exhibit significance in extending the fundamental investigations and practical applications of mode-locked fiber lasers. In our work, employing the liquid-phase exfoliation method, a ${{\rm Cr}_2}{{\rm Ge}_2}{{\rm Te}_6}$Cr2Ge2Te6 (CGT) optical modulator with a modulation depth and a saturable intensity of 1.64% and ${6.31}\,\,{{\rm MW/cm}^2}$6.31MW/cm2 was fabricated. Due to its suitable modulation properties and high nonlinear coefficient, a stable bright-dark soliton pair was successfully achieved within an Er-doped fiber laser. Under the pump power of 560 mW, the maximum average output power was 5.36 mW with a pulse repetition rate of 1.835 MHz. Our results fully present the capacity of CGT in designing bright-dark soliton operations and provide a meaningful reference for promoting the ultra-fast modulation applications of ferromagnetic insulators.
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Nonlinear Optical Properties of Zirconium Diselenide and Its Ultra-Fast Modulator Application. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9101419. [PMID: 31590305 PMCID: PMC6835456 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely studied by researchers due to their exceptional 2D structure and excellent optical characteristics. As one of the typically-layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) semiconductors from group IVB with a bandgap value of 0.9–1.2 eV (bulk to monolayer), the characteristics of zirconium diselenide (ZrSe2) have already been extensively investigated in many fields. However, the nonlinear absorption properties of ZrSe2 in ultra-fast lasers have not been previously demonstrated. In this work, we measured various parameters in order to investigate the characteristics of the nonlinear saturable absorption of ZrSe2. A ZrSe2–polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film was successfully prepared, which was employed as a saturable absorber (SA) to demonstrate, for the first time, an erbium (Er)-doped passive mode-locking fiber laser with a ring cavity. The saturation intensity of the ZrSe2–PVA film-type SA is 12.72 MW/cm2, while its modulation depth is 2.3%. The stable soliton state with a maximum output power of 11.37 mW and a narrowest monopulse duration of 12.5 ps at a repetition frequency of 21.22 MHz was detected. The experimental results conclusively proved that ZrSe2, with its suitable bandgap value and excellent nonlinear absorption properties, as well as its high damage threshold, should have extensive potential applications within the field of ultra-fast pulse lasers.
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Gao J, Ning T, Liu Y, Shang X, Han X, Guo Q, Guo L, Lu Z, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang S. Generation of high-energy rectangular pulses in a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked ring fiber laser. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:7897-7903. [PMID: 31674478 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel high-energy mode-locked fiber laser based on the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique is presented to generate 331 nJ rectangular pulses. When pump power was 2659 mW, the maximum output power would be 102.3 mW; the maximum peak power was 41.74 W under the pump power of 1766 mW. In this study, the use of two homemade laser diodes and other common fiber devices was a vital step to achieve the low-cost and high-efficiency NPR mode-locked fiber laser. Based on these results, a novel approach could be developed to realize a high-energy rectangular pulse and promote the practical applications of the NPR mode-locked fiber laser in the field of ultrafast photonics.
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Ma P, Lin W, Zhang H, Xu S, Yang Z. High-Power Large-Energy Raman Soliton Generations Within a Mode-Locked Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Based on High-Damage-Threshold CVD-MoS 2 as Modulator. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091305. [PMID: 31547334 PMCID: PMC6781084 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
In our work, based on a high-damage-threshold MoS2 saturable absorber (SA), high-power intra-cavity Raman solitons within a passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser were demonstrated successfully for the first time. The damage threshold of the MoS2 SA was as high as ~0.48 J/cm2. By adjusting the polarization states, stable single- or dual-pulse Raman soliton operations were obtained. The maximum average output power for single-pulse and dual-pulse Raman soliton operations was 80.11 and 89.33 mW, respectively. Our experiment results show significant enhancement in comparison with previous works, which provides fundamental guidance for future designs of high-power, large-energy, intra-cavity Raman soliton generations based on two-dimensional materials as SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Huanian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shanhui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Improved Laser Damage Threshold of In 2Se 3 Saturable Absorber by PVD for High-Power Mode-Locked Er-Doped Fiber Laser. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9091216. [PMID: 31466375 PMCID: PMC6780265 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a double-end pumped high-power passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was realized by employing a few-layered In2Se3 flakes as a saturable absorber (SA). Herein, the uniform large-scale In2Se3 flakes were synthesized by the physical vapor deposition (PVD) method. The PVD-In2Se3 SA exhibited a remarkable damage threshold of higher than 24 mJ/cm2. Meanwhile, the PVD-In2Se3 SA had a modulation depth and saturable intensity of 18.75% and 6.8 MW/cm2, respectively. Based on the In2Se3 SA, the stable bright pulses emitting at 1559.4 nm with an average output power/pulse energy/pulse duration of 122.4 mW/5.8 nJ/14.4 ns were obtained successfully. To our knowledge, 122.4 mW was the new major breakthrough of mode-locked Er-doped fiber lasers. In addition, this is the first demonstration of the dark-bright pulse pair generation based on In2Se3 SA. The maximum average output power of the dark-bright pulse reached 121.2 mW, which also showed significant enhancement in comparison with previous works. Our excellent experiment results fully prove the superiority of our experimental design scheme and indicate that the PVD-In2Se3 could operate as a promising highly-nonlinear photonic material for a high-power fiber laser.
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Guo Q, Pan J, Liu Y, Si H, Lu Z, Han X, Gao J, Zuo Z, Zhang H, Jiang S. Output energy enhancement in a mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser using CVD-Bi 2Se 3 as a saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:24670-24681. [PMID: 31510352 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.024670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the output energy in topological insulators (TIs)-based Erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was improved using two strategies: bidirectional pumped laser cavity and saturable absorber (SA) with high damage threshold and large modulation depth. Using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, Bismuth Selenide (Bi2Se3) film was synthesized and improved to a SA. Employing this CVD-Bi2Se3 SA in an EDFL, bright and bright-dark soliton operations were achieved. The average output power/pulse energy was 82.6 mW/48.3 nJ and 81.2 mW/47.5 nJ, respectively. The results demonstrate that CVD-Bi2Se3 can act as an excellent performance material to improve output power performance in TISA-based EDFL.
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Gao J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Han X, Guo Q, Lu Z, Guo L, Shang X, Yang W, Niu K, Ming N, Wang Z, Zhang H, Jiang S. Noise-like mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity based on SnS 2 nanosheets as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6007-6011. [PMID: 31503920 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a high-energy noise-like mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser in a linear cavity was achieved with SnS2-polyvinyl alcohol film as the saturable absorber. In addition, the nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics of the SnS2 were investigated experimentally. The saturation intensity and modulation depth were about 6.01 MW/cm2 and 8.68%, respectively. Under pump power of 422 mW, stable noise-like mode-locked operation with a maximum output power and largest single pulse energy of 9.50 mW and 18.1 nJ, respectively, was obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to observe and experimentally investigate noise-like operation in a linear laser cavity. Our study may provide some valuable design guidelines for noise-like operation and create new directions for advanced photonic devices based on SnS2.
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Li S, Yin Y, Ouyang Q, Ran G, Chen Y, Lewis E, Farrell G, Tokurakawa M, Harun SW, Wang P. Nanosecond passively Q-switched fibre laser using a NiS 2 based saturable absorber. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19843-19851. [PMID: 31503740 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Q-switched pulse laser generation is successfully demonstrated in both Erbium-doped fibre laser (EDFL) and Thulium-doped fibre laser (TDFL) cavities by employing Nickel disulfide (NiS2) as a saturable absorber (SA). Q-switched pulse laser operation at 1.55 μm and 2.0 μm is obtained at low pump power levels of 37 mW and 48 mW, respectively. For the EDFL, stable passively Q-switched laser output at a wavelength of 1561.86 nm is achieved, with a minimum pulse duration of 237 ns and a repetition rate of 243.9 kHz. For the TDFL, the centre wavelength of the laser output is 1915.5 nm, with a minimum pulse duration of 505 ns and a repetition rate of 214.68 kHz. NiS2 is used as SA for Q-switched laser generation over a broadband wavelength for the first time.
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Wang T, Wang J, Wu J, Ma P, Su R, Ma Y, Zhou P. Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E865. [PMID: 31181606 PMCID: PMC6630692 DOI: 10.3390/nano9060865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. The experimental findings indicate that InS is a viable candidate in the field of ultrafast lasers due to its excellent saturable absorption characteristics, which thereby promotes the ultrafast optical applications of InX (X = S, Se, and Te) and expands the category of new SAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Jian Wu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pengfei Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Rongtao Su
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Yanxing Ma
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
| | - Pu Zhou
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China.
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Ma PF, Lin W, Zhang HN, Xu SH, Yang ZM. Nonlinear Absorption Properties of Cr 2Ge 2Te 6 and Its Application as an Ultra-Fast Optical Modulator. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050789. [PMID: 31126051 PMCID: PMC6566383 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In this manuscript, the nonlinear absorption properties of Cr2Ge2Te6 and its application in ultra-fast optical modulation are investigated. Typical parameters, namely, nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), saturation intensity, and modulation depth are measured to be ~1.66 × 10−9 m/W, 15.3 MW/cm2, and 5.8%, respectively. To investigate the feasibility of using the Cr2Ge2Te6 as an ultra-fast optical modulator, a ring-cavity passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser has been constructed. The output power/pulse, duration/pulse, and repetition rate/signal-to-noise ratios for the stable mode-locked operation are 2.88 mW/881 fs/19.33 MHz/48 dB, respectively, which proves that the Cr2Ge2Te6 has outstanding nonlinear optical properties and advantages in performing as an ultra-fast optical modulator. Further, the experimental results provide valuable references and open new avenues for developing two-dimensional, material-based, ultra-fast optical modulators and advanced photonic devices based on Cr2Ge2Te6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Fei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hua-Nian Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shan-Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhong-Min Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices and Institute of Optical Communication Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Guo Q, Pan J, Li D, Shen Y, Han X, Gao J, Man B, Zhang H, Jiang S. Versatile Mode-Locked Operations in an Er-Doped Fiber Laser with a Film-Type Indium Tin Oxide Saturable Absorber. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9050701. [PMID: 31060316 PMCID: PMC6567301 DOI: 10.3390/nano9050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation of versatile mode-locked operations in an Er-doped fiber laser with an indium tin oxide (ITO) saturable absorber (SA). As an epsilon-near-zero material, ITO has been only used to fashion a mode-locked fiber laser as an ITO nanoparticle-polyvinyl alcohol SA. However, this type of SA cannot work at high power or ensure that the SA materials can be transmitted by the light. Thus, we covered the end face of a fiber with a uniform ITO film using the radio frequency magnetron sputtering technology to fabricate a novel ITO SA. Using this new type of SA, single-wavelength pulses, dual-wavelength pulses, and triple-wavelength multi-pulses were achieved easily. The pulse durations of these mode-locked operations were 1.67, 6.91, and 1 ns, respectively. At the dual-wavelength mode-locked state, the fiber laser could achieve an output power of 2.91 mW and a pulse energy of 1.48 nJ. This study reveals that such a proposed film-type ITO SA has excellent nonlinear absorption properties, which can promote the application of ITO film for ultrafast photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jie Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Dengwang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Image Processing and Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China.
| | - Yiming Shen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Xile Han
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Jinjuan Gao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Baoyuan Man
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Huanian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, Jinan 250014, China.
| | - Shouzhen Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Light Manipulations and Applications in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China.
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Luo H, Li J, Gao Y, Xu Y, Li X, Liu Y. Tunable passively Q-switched Dy 3+-doped fiber laser from 2.71 to 3.08 μm using PbS nanoparticles. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:2322-2325. [PMID: 31042214 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.002322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present the first widely tunable passively Q-switched Dy3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser around 3 μm pumped at 1.1 μm using PbS nanoparticles as the saturable absorber (SA) to our knowledge. At 2.87 μm, the modulation depth and saturation intensity of the SA were measured to be 12.5% and 1.10 MW/cm2, respectively. Stable Q-switching was achieved over a wavelength range of 2.71-3.08 μm (∼370 nm), which is a record tuning range from a pulsed rare-earth-doped fiber laser, to our knowledge. A maximum output power of 252.7 mW was obtained, with a pulse energy of 1.51 μJ, a pulse width of 795 ns, and a repetition rate of 166.8 kHz. This demonstration implies that Dy3+ is a promising gain medium for tunable pulsed sources in the 3 μm band and shows for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the potential of PbS as a mid-infrared SA.
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Fu S, Zhang S, Li J, Bai Z, Wu T, Man Z. Passively Q-switched Nd-doped fiber laser based on PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:3036-3041. [PMID: 31044909 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.003036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In our work, PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots with an absorption peak of 1043 nm were successfully employed as a modulator for achieving a passively Q-switched Nd-doped fiber laser. The saturation intensity and modulation depth of the film-type modulator were 7.6 MW/cm2 and 4.1%, respectively. Due to the protection of the CdS shell, the PbS core exhibited good photo-chemical stability, which led to the generation of stable passively Q-switched operation. The maximum average output power was 7.88 mW with a minimum pulse width of 235.7 ns. To our knowledge, this was the first demonstration focusing on the combination of quantum dot and Nd-doped fiber laser; in addition, 235.7 ns was the narrowest pulse width of a passively Q-switched Nd-doped fiber laser. Our results highlighted the excellent nonlinear absorption properties of PbS/CdS core/shell quantum dots and give significant guidance for future optical applications of quantum dots and demonstrations of pulsed Nd-doped fiber lasers.
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Han X, Zhang H, Zhang C, Li C, Guo Q, Gao J, Jiang S, Man B. Large-energy mode-locked ytterbium-doped linear-cavity fiber laser based on chemical vapor deposition-Bi 2Se 3 as a saturable absorber. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:2695-2701. [PMID: 31045075 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We reported on the generation of pulse bunch and large-energy dark pulses in a mode-locked ytterbium-doped linear-cavity fiber laser based on Bi2Se3 as a saturable absorber (SA). Bi2Se3 nanosheets were successfully synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method and transferred to the end facet of a fiber connector for the proposed SA. Its saturation intensity and modulation depth were measured to be 52 MW/cm2 and 14.5%, respectively. By inserting the Bi2Se3-based SA into the Yb-doped all-fiber linear cavity, stable pulse bunches were observed. In addition, dark soliton operation with a maximum average output power of 32.6 mW and a pulse energy of 61.8 nJ were also achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a dark soliton within a linear cavity with much larger pulse energy than previous works. Our study fully indicated that CVD-Bi2Se3 could be an excellent SA for achieving large-energy pulse operations.
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Pang C, Li R, Zhang Y, Li Z, Dong N, Wu L, Yu H, Wang J, Ren F, Chen F. Tailoring optical nonlinearities of LiNbO 3 crystals by plasmonic silver nanoparticles for broadband saturable absorbers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:31276-31289. [PMID: 30650716 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.031276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on the synthesis of plasmonic Ag nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in a LiNbO3 crystal (AgNP:LN) by ion implantation and its application as an efficient broadband saturable absorber (SA) to realize Q-switched pulsed laser generation at both visible and near-infrared wavelength bands. The nonlinear optical response of AgNP:LN is considered as a synergistic effect between Ag NPs and LiNbO3. We apply the AgNP:LN as visible-near-infrared broadband saturable absorbers (SAs) into Pr:LuLiF4 bulk and Nd:YVO4 waveguide laser cavity, achieving efficient passively Q-switched laser at 639 nm and 1064 nm, respectively. This work paves a new way to tailor the nonlinear optical response of LiNbO3 crystals by using plasmonic Ag NPs, manifesting the significant potential as broadband SAs in the aspect of pulsed lasing.
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