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Mo Y, Cao W, Xu H, Mi K, Sun X, Zhang Q, Lu P. Few-cycle optical pulse characterization under phase-mismatching. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:548-551. [PMID: 33528406 DOI: 10.1364/ol.417098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The phase-matching bandwidth of nonlinear crystal is of great significance in ultrashort laser pulse characterization. In order to satisfy the phase-matching bandwidth, ultra-thin nonlinear crystals are generally required. However, the significantly reduced conversion efficiency, as well as the machining difficulties, limits its applications. Here, we show that sufficient spectrum bandwidth response can be achieved for a thick crystal when the phase-matching wavelength is tuned outside of the spectral window of the measured pulse. By applying this phenomenon to a single-shot second-harmonic generation frequency resolved optical gating (SHG-FROG) device, we successfully characterized a few-cycle pulse using a 150µmβ-barium borate (BBO) crystal. The accuracy of the method was verified by comparing the conventional pulse retrieving approach with a 5µm BBO crystal, which has a sufficient phase-matching bandwidth.
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2
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Measurement of 10 fs pulses across the entire Visible to Near-Infrared Spectral Range. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4690. [PMID: 32170219 PMCID: PMC7069949 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuneable ultrafast laser pulses are a powerful tool for measuring difficult-to-access degrees of freedom in materials science. In general these experiments require the ability to address resonances and excitations both above and below the bandgap of materials, and to probe their response at the timescale of the fastest non-trivial internal dynamics. This drives the need for ultrafast sources capable of delivering 10–15 fs duration pulses tuneable across the entire visible (VIS) and near infrared (NIR) range, 500– 3000 nm, as well as the characterization of these sources. Here we present a single frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) system capable of self-referenced characterization of pulses with 10 fs duration across the entire VIS-NIR spectral range. Our system does not require auxiliary beams and only minor reconfiguration for different wavelengths. We demonstrate the system with measurements of pulses across the entire tuning range.
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3
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Miranda M, Silva F, Neoričić L, Guo C, Pervak V, Canhota M, Silva AS, Sola ÍJ, Romero R, Guerreiro PT, L'Huillier A, Arnold CL, Crespo H. All-optical measurement of the complete waveform of octave-spanning ultrashort light pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:191-194. [PMID: 30644858 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the complete temporal characterization of the optical waveform of visible near-infrared octave-spanning ultrashort laser pulses, using an all-optical, all-solid-state, and fully inline dispersion-scan device based only on second-harmonic generation.
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Hyyti J, Escoto E, Steinmeyer G. Pulse retrieval algorithm for interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating based on differential evolution. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:103102. [PMID: 29092467 DOI: 10.1063/1.4991852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel algorithm for the ultrashort laser pulse characterization method of interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating (iFROG) is presented. Based on a genetic method, namely, differential evolution, the algorithm can exploit all available information of an iFROG measurement to retrieve the complex electric field of a pulse. The retrieval is subjected to a series of numerical tests to prove the robustness of the algorithm against experimental artifacts and noise. These tests show that the integrated error-correction mechanisms of the iFROG method can be successfully used to remove the effect from timing errors and spectrally varying efficiency in the detection. Moreover, the accuracy and noise resilience of the new algorithm are shown to outperform retrieval based on the generalized projections algorithm, which is widely used as the standard method in FROG retrieval. The differential evolution algorithm is further validated with experimental data, measured with unamplified three-cycle pulses from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. Additionally introducing group delay dispersion in the beam path, the retrieval results show excellent agreement with independent measurements with a commercial pulse measurement device based on spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field retrieval. Further experimental tests with strongly attenuated pulses indicate resilience of differential-evolution-based retrieval against massive measurement noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janne Hyyti
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Esmerando Escoto
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Steinmeyer
- Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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Snedden EW, Walsh DA, Jamison SP. Revealing carrier-envelope phase through frequency mixing and interference in frequency resolved optical gating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:8507-8518. [PMID: 25968689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that full temporal characterisation of few-cycle electromagnetic pulses, including retrieval of the carrier envelope phase (CEP), can be directly obtained from Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG) techniques in which the interference between non-linear frequency mixing processes is resolved. We derive a framework for this scheme, defined Real Domain FROG (ReD-FROG), for the cases of interference between sum and difference frequency components and between fundamental and sum / difference frequency components. A successful numerical demonstration of ReD-FROG as applied to the case of a self-referenced measurement is provided. A proof-of-principle experiment is performed in which the CEP of a single-cycle THz pulse is accurately obtained and demonstrates the possibility for THz detection beyond optical probe duration limitations inherent to electro-optic sampling.
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Loriot V, Gitzinger G, Forget N. Self-referenced characterization of femtosecond laser pulses by chirp scan. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:24879-24893. [PMID: 24150331 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.024879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate a variant of the d-scan technique, an intuitive pulse characterization method for retrieving the spectral phase of ultrashort laser pulses. In this variant a ramp of quadratic spectral phases is applied to the input pulses and the second harmonic spectra of the resulting pulses are measured for each chirp value. We demonstrate that a given field envelope produces a unique and unequivocal chirp-scan map and that, under some asymptotic assumptions, both the spectral amplitude and phase of the measured pulse can be retrieved analytically from only two measurements. An iterative algorithm can exploit the redundancy of the information contained in the chirp-scan map to discard experimental noise, artifacts, calibration errors and improve the reconstruction of both the spectral intensity and phase. This technique is compared to two reference characterization techniques (FROG and SRSI). Finally, we perform d-scan measurements with a simple grating-pair compressor.
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7
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Miranda M, Arnold CL, Fordell T, Silva F, Alonso B, Weigand R, L'Huillier A, Crespo H. Characterization of broadband few-cycle laser pulses with the d-scan technique. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:18732-43. [PMID: 23038514 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.018732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an analysis and demonstration of few-cycle ultrashort laser pulse characterization using second-harmonic dispersion scans and numerical phase retrieval algorithms. The sensitivity and robustness of this technique with respect to noise, measurement bandwidth and complexity of the measured pulses is discussed through numerical examples and experimental results. Using this technique, we successfully demonstrate the characterization of few-cycle pulses with complex and structured spectra generated from a broadband ultrafast laser oscillator and a high-energy hollow fiber compressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Miranda
- IFIMUP-IN and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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8
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Alonso B, Miranda M, Sola ÍJ, Crespo H. Spatiotemporal characterization of few-cycle laser pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:17880-17893. [PMID: 23038338 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.017880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we apply a broadband fiber optic coupler interferometer to the measurement of few-cycle laser pulses. Sub-8-fs pulses delivered by an ultrafast oscillator were characterized spatiotemporally using STARFISH, which is based on spatially resolved spectral interferometry. The reference pulse was measured with the d-scan technique. The pulses were focused by an off-axis parabolic mirror and were characterized at different transverse planes along the focusing region. The evolution of the retrieved pulses is analyzed, exhibiting small variations in the temporal (and spectral) amplitude and phase during propagation. Finally, the peak irradiance evolution is estimated from the integration of the spatiotemporal intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamín Alonso
- Universidad de Salamanca, Grupo de Investigación en Óptica Extrema (GIOE) Pl. de la Merced s/n E-37008 Salamanca, Spain.
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9
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Miranda M, Fordell T, Arnold C, L'Huillier A, Crespo H. Simultaneous compression and characterization of ultrashort laser pulses using chirped mirrors and glass wedges. OPTICS EXPRESS 2012; 20:688-97. [PMID: 22274393 DOI: 10.1364/oe.20.000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a simple and robust technique to retrieve the phase of ultrashort laser pulses, based on a chirped mirror and glass wedges compressor. It uses the compression system itself as a diagnostic tool, thereby making unnecessary the use of complementary diagnostic tools. We used this technique to compress and characterize 7.1 fs laser pulses from an ultrafast laser oscillator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Miranda
- IFIMUP-IN and Departamento de Física e Astronomia, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal.
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10
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Hsu CS, Lee YH, Yabushita A, Kobayashi T, Yang SD. Spectral phase retrieval of 8 fs optical pulses at 600 nm by using a collinear autocorrelator with 300-μm-thick lithium triborate crystals. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:2041-2043. [PMID: 21633442 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on noniterative spectral phase retrieval of 1.1 nJ, 8 fs pulses at 600 nm by using 300-μm-thick lithium triborate crystals in a standard collinear autocorrelator with ≈2 min data acquisition time. This method is simple, sensitive, and immune to the spectral distortion and UV absorption of the linear and nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shao Hsu
- Institute of Photonics Technologies, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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11
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Liu J, Feng Y, Li H, Lu P, Pan H, Wu J, Zeng H. Supercontinuum pulse measurement by molecular alignment based cross-correlation frequency resolved optical gating. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:40-46. [PMID: 21263540 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that complex supercontinuum and few-cycle ultrashort laser pulses can be fully characterized by using a cross-correlation frequency-resolved optical gating with molecular alignment induced birefringence functioned as a gate. The temporal envelope and phase of the broadband supercontinuum pulse are retrieved by the principal component generalized projection algorithm. This technique shows advantages without phase-matching constraint that may limit the measurable spectral bandwidth, experimental robustness in operating through the whole transparent spectral region of the molecular gases, and intensity sensitivity to measure weak pulses which is inherited from the intrinsic linear process in recording the molecular birefringence induced polarization spectroscopy. Experimental measurements of a few-cycle pulse in the visible region of 525-725 nm confirm that the molecular alignment gating supports a full field characterization of the ultrashort pulse around 10 fs in duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
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12
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Hashimoto H, Isobe K, Suda A, Kannari F, Kawano H, Mizuno H, Miyawaki A, Midorikawa K. Measurement of two-photon excitation spectra of fluorescent proteins with nonlinear Fourier-transform spectroscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2010; 49:3323-9. [PMID: 20539351 DOI: 10.1364/ao.49.003323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
We present measurements of two-photon excitation (TPE) spectra of various fluorescent proteins with nonlinear Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By using an ultrabroadband laser pulse with a spectrum ranging from 700 to 1100 nm, the absolute TPE spectra of six typical fluorescent proteins (SeBFP, Sapphire, eGFP, eCFP, Venus, DsRed) were measured with high spectral resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Hashimoto
- RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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13
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Park J, Lee JH, Nam CH. Generation of 1.5 cycle 0.3 TW laser pulses using a hollow-fiber pulse compressor. OPTICS LETTERS 2009; 34:2342-2344. [PMID: 19649091 DOI: 10.1364/ol.34.002342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Pulse compression in a differentially pumped neon-filled hollow fiber was used to generate high-power few-cycle laser pulses. The pulse compression process was optimized by adjusting gas pressure and laser chirp to produce the shortest laser pulses. Precise dispersion control enabled the generation of laser pulses with duration of 3.7 fs and energy of 1.2 mJ. This corresponds to an output of 1.5 cycle, 0.3 TW pulses at a 1 kHz repetition rate using positively chirped 33 fs laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyun Park
- Department of Physics and Coherent X-ray Research Center (CXRC), KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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14
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Wyatt AS, Walmsley IA, Stibenz G, Steinmeyer G. Sub-10 fs pulse characterization using spatially encoded arrangement for spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction. OPTICS LETTERS 2006; 31:1914-6. [PMID: 16729113 DOI: 10.1364/ol.31.001914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an extremely accurate method for measuring ultrabroadband, sub-10 fs pulses even if they exhibit a highly modulated spectrum, space-time coupling, or both. The method uses a spatially encoded arrangement for spectral phase interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction, which allows a zero additional phase measurement to be performed with a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio in real time and single shot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam S Wyatt
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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15
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Lozovoy VV, Dantus M. Systematic Control of Nonlinear Optical Processes Using Optimally Shaped Femtosecond Pulses. Chemphyschem 2005; 6:1970-2000. [PMID: 16208734 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.200400342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews experimental efforts to control multiphoton transitions using shaped femtosecond laser pulses, and it lays out the systematic study being followed by us for elucidating the effect of phase on nonlinear optical laser-molecule interactions. Starting with a brief review of nonlinear optics and how nonlinear optical processes depend on the electric field inducing them, a number of conclusions can be drawn directly from analytical solutions of the equations. From a Taylor expansion of the phase in the frequency domain, we learn that nonlinear optical processes are affected only by the second- and higher-order terms. This simple result has significant implications on how pulse-shaping experiments are to be designed. If the phase is allowed to vary arbitrarily as a continuous function, then an infinite redundancy that arises from the addition of a linear phase function across the spectrum with arbitrary offset and slope could prevent us from carrying out a closed-loop optimization experiment. The early results illustrate how the outcome of a nonlinear optical transition depends on the cooperative action of all frequencies in the bandwidth of a laser pulse. Maximum constructive or destructive interference can be achieved by programming the phase using only two phase values, 0 and pi. This assertion has been confirmed experimentally, where binary phase shaping (BPS) was shown to outperform other alternative functions, sometimes by at least on order of magnitude, in controlling multiphoton processes. Here we discuss the solution of a number of nonlinear problems that range from narrowing the second harmonic spectrum of a laser pulse to optimizing the competition between two- and three-photon transitions. This Review explores some present and future applications of pulse shaping and coherent control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Lozovoy
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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16
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Yang SD, Weiner AM, Parameswaran KR, Fejer MM. Ultrasensitive second-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating by aperiodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides at 1.5 microm. OPTICS LETTERS 2005; 30:2164-6. [PMID: 16127944 DOI: 10.1364/ol.30.002164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We retrieve intensity and phase profiles of 280 fs, 50 MHz optical pulses with 124 aJ coupled pulse energy (960 photons) by second-harmonic generation (SHG) frequency-resolved optical gating, using aperiodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. The strong nonlinear interaction that is due to confinement within the micrometer-sized waveguide structure and the linearly chirped poling period contribute, respectively, to high SHG efficiency and broad phase-matching bandwidth. The achieved sensitivity is 2.7 x 10(-6) mW2, improving on the previous record for self-referenced complete pulse characterization by 5 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Da Yang
- Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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17
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Yabushita A, Fuji T, Kobayashi T. Nonlinear propagation of ultrashort pulses in cyanine dye solution investigated by SHG FROG. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.09.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Akturk S, Kimmel M, O'Shea P, Trebino R. Extremely simple device for measuring 20-fs pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:1025-1027. [PMID: 15143662 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.001025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an extremely simple frequency-resolved optical-gating device (GRENOUILLE) capable of measuring pulses with spectra wider than 100 nm. Its nearly all-reflective geometry minimizes the material dispersion, allowing accurate measurement of pulses as short as 19 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selcuk Akturk
- School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0430, USA.
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19
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20
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Baum P, Lochbrunner S, Riedle E. Zero-additional-phase SPIDER: full characterization of visible and sub-20-fs ultraviolet pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2004; 29:210-212. [PMID: 14744013 DOI: 10.1364/ol.29.000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel spectral-shearing interferometry setup for characterizing the temporal amplitude and phase of ultrashort optical pulses over an extremely wide wavelength region. By the mixing of two strongly chirped auxiliary pulses with the pulse to be characterized, two spectrally sheared replicas are generated, and their spectral interference is evaluated. We fully characterize 10-fs pulses in the visible region by sum-frequency mixing and 19-fs pulses in the ultraviolet region by difference-frequency mixing. The scheme is self-referencing and highly sensitive. The zero-additional-phase scheme does not alter the unknown pulses and yields the pulse shape at the interaction point of a spectroscopic experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Baum
- Lehrstuhl für BioMolekulare Optik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Oettingenstrasse 67, 80538 München, Germany
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21
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Schenkel B, Biegert J, Keller U, Vozzi C, Nisoli M, Sansone G, Stagira S, De Silvestri S, Svelto O. Generation of 3.8-fs pulses from adaptive compression of a cascaded hollow fiber supercontinuum. OPTICS LETTERS 2003; 28:1987-9. [PMID: 14587798 DOI: 10.1364/ol.28.001987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate generation of 3.8-fs pulses with energies of up to 15 microJ from a supercontinuum produced in two cascaded hollow fibers. Ultrabroadband dispersion compensation was achieved through a closed-loop combination of a spatial light modulator for adaptive pulse compression and spectral-phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER) measurements as feedback signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Schenkel
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zürich), Physics Department, Institute of Quantum Electronics, ETH Hönggerberg HPT, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland.
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Roberts G. Interference effects in femtosecond spectroscopy. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2002; 360:987-1021. [PMID: 12804290 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2001.0978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This article aims to provide a short synopsis of interference effects connected with ultrafast laser pulses, where 'ultrafast' is defined as ca. 100 fs or faster. The discussion is divided into three parts: the first shows how interference between waves is responsible for generation of light pulses in the femtosecond and attosecond time domains; the second describes characterization of ultrafast pulses by different interferometric techniques, including diffraction of femtosecond light by a double slit; and the final section discusses selected measurements of interference phenomena created and probed with femtosecond time resolution, with an emphasis on experiments in atomic physics. The article attempts to illustrate how wave-like interference is a unifying concept that pervades much of physics on a femtosecond time-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Roberts
- Department of Physics, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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24
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Liau YH, Unterreiner AN, Chang Q, Scherer NF. Ultrafast Dephasing of Single Nanoparticles Studied by Two-Pulse Second-Order Interferometry. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp002831x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yish-Hann Liau
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Andreas N. Unterreiner
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
| | - Norbert F. Scherer
- Department of Chemistry, James Franck Institute and Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, University of Chicago, 5735 S. Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637
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25
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Morillo M, Cukier RI. The effect of inhomogeneous broadening on optical strong field spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Sutter DH, Steinmeyer G, Gallmann L, Matuschek N, Morier-Genoud F, Keller U, Scheuer V, Angelow G, Tschudi T. Semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror assisted Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser producing pulses in the two-cycle regime. OPTICS LETTERS 1999; 24:631-633. [PMID: 18073806 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pulses of sub-6-fs duration have been obtained from a Kerr-lens mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser at a repetition rate of 100 MHz and an average power of 300 mW. Fitting an ideal sech(2) to the autocorrelation data yields a 4.8-fs pulse duration, whereas reconstruction of the pulse amplitude profile gives 5.8 fs. The pulse spectrum covers wavelengths from above 950 nm to below 630 nm, extending into the yellow beyond the gain bandwidth of Ti:sapphire. This improvement in bandwidth has been made possible by three key ingredients: carefully designed spectral shaping of the output coupling, better suppression of the dispersion oscillation of the double-chirped mirrors, and a novel broadband semiconductor saturable-absorber mirror.
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27
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Cheng Z, Fürbach A, Sartania S, Lenzner M, Spielmann C, Krausz F. Amplitude and chirp characterization of high-power laser pulses in the 5-fs regime. OPTICS LETTERS 1999; 24:247-249. [PMID: 18071469 DOI: 10.1364/ol.24.000247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG) based on second-harmonic generation has been demonstrated to be capable of high-fidelity measurement of the electric-field envelope and of the temporal evolution of the instantaneous carrier frequency of 0.1-TW 5-fs pulses without the need for any correction for systematic experimental errors. At a 1-kHz repetition rate, pulse energies of a few microjoules are sufficient for reliable FROG characterization of pulses with durations down to the single-cycle regime. The results obtained reveal that carefully designed hollow-fiber chirped-mirror compressors are able to deliver high-power sub-10-fs pulses with a smooth Gaussianlike leading edge that has an intensity contrast of approximately 10(-2) .
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28
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