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Afifi AE, Hammood M, Jaeger NAF, Shekhar S, Chrostowski L, Young JF. Contra-directional pump reject filters integrated with a micro-ring resonator photon-pair source in silicon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25173-25188. [PMID: 34614854 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) is crucial for photon-pair sources (PPSs) integrated with pump reject filters (PRFs) in silicon, but CAR values currently reported for integrated PPS/PRF chips still fall short of those achieved using stand-alone sources with external PRFs. Here we report measured and modelled CAR values for a micro-ring resonator PPS integrated with a PRF consisting of a three-stage, cascaded (via their through ports), contra-directional coupler (CDC) that compare favorably even with some stand-alone sources. CDC-based PRFs provide the benefits of compact area and wide reject bands without a need for tuning, in comparison to prior-art implementations.
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Kumar RR, Wu X, Tsang HK. Compact high-extinction tunable CROW filters for integrated quantum photonic circuits. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:1289-1292. [PMID: 32163947 DOI: 10.1364/ol.384187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We describe the use of cascaded second-order coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) tunable filters to achieve one of the highest reported measured extinction ratios of $ {\gt} {110}\;{\rm dB}$>110dB. The CROW filters were used to remove the pump photons in spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a silicon waveguide. The SFWM generated quantum-correlated photons that could be measured after the cascaded CROW filters. The CROW filters offer a compact footprint for use in monolithic quantum photonic circuits.
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3
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Yonezu Y, Kou R, Nishi H, Tsuchizawa T, Yamada K, Aoki T, Ishizawa A, Matsuda N. Evaluation of graphene optical nonlinearity with photon-pair generation in graphene-on-silicon waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:30262-30271. [PMID: 31684275 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluate the nonlinear coefficient of graphene-on-silicon waveguides through the coincidence measurement of photon-pairs generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing. We observed the temporal correlation of the photon-pairs from the waveguides over various transfer layouts of graphene sheets. A simple analysis of the experimental results using coupled-wave equations revealed that the atomically-thin graphene sheets enhanced the nonlinearity of silicon waveguides up to ten-fold. The results indicate that the purely χ (3)-based effective nonlinear refractive index of graphene is on the order of 10-13 m 2/W, and provide important insights for applications of graphene-based nonlinear optics in on-chip nanophotonics.
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Santagati R, Wang J, Gentile AA, Paesani S, Wiebe N, McClean JR, Morley-Short S, Shadbolt PJ, Bonneau D, Silverstone JW, Tew DP, Zhou X, O’Brien JL, Thompson MG. Witnessing eigenstates for quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9646. [PMID: 29387796 PMCID: PMC5787384 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient calculation of Hamiltonian spectra, a problem often intractable on classical machines, can find application in many fields, from physics to chemistry. We introduce the concept of an "eigenstate witness" and, through it, provide a new quantum approach that combines variational methods and phase estimation to approximate eigenvalues for both ground and excited states. This protocol is experimentally verified on a programmable silicon quantum photonic chip, a mass-manufacturable platform, which embeds entangled state generation, arbitrary controlled unitary operations, and projective measurements. Both ground and excited states are experimentally found with fidelities >99%, and their eigenvalues are estimated with 32 bits of precision. We also investigate and discuss the scalability of the approach and study its performance through numerical simulations of more complex Hamiltonians. This result shows promising progress toward quantum chemistry on quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Antonio A. Gentile
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Nathan Wiebe
- Quantum Architectures and Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jarrod R. McClean
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Google Inc., Venice, CA 90291, USA
| | - Sam Morley-Short
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | | | - Damien Bonneau
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Joshua W. Silverstone
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - David P. Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jeremy L. O’Brien
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Mark G. Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
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5
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Caspani L, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ, Bajoni D, Liscidini M, Galli M, Morandotti R, Moss DJ. Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17100. [PMID: 30167217 PMCID: PMC6062040 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies. These include quantum communications, computation, imaging, microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed. However, approaches to generating parallel multiple, customisable bi- and multi-entangled quantum bits (qubits) on a chip are still in the early stages of development. Here, we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states, focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology. These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact, low-cost, scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip, which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caspani
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Chunle Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David J Moss
- Center for Microphotonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 Australia
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6
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Cordier M, Orieux A, Gabet R, Harlé T, Dubreuil N, Diamanti E, Delaye P, Zaquine I. Raman-tailored photonic crystal fiber for telecom band photon-pair generation. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2583-2586. [PMID: 28957290 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We report on the experimental characterization of a novel nonlinear liquid-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber for the generation of photon pairs at a telecommunication wavelength through spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM). We show that the optimization procedure in view of this application links the choice of the nonlinear liquid to the design parameters of the fiber, and we give an example of such an optimization at telecom wavelengths. Combining the modeling of the fiber and classical characterization techniques at these wavelengths, we identify for the chosen fiber and liquid combination SFWM phase-matching frequency ranges with no Raman scattering noise contamination. This is a first step toward obtaining a telecom band fibered photon-pair source with a high signal-to-noise ratio.
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7
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Orieux A, Versteegh MAM, Jöns KD, Ducci S. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:076001. [PMID: 28346219 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa6955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Entanglement is one of the most fascinating properties of quantum mechanical systems; when two particles are entangled the measurement of the properties of one of the two allows the properties of the other to be instantaneously known, whatever the distance separating them. In parallel with fundamental research on the foundations of quantum mechanics performed on complex experimental set-ups, we assist today with bourgeoning of quantum information technologies bound to exploit entanglement for a large variety of applications such as secure communications, metrology and computation. Among the different physical systems under investigation, those involving photonic components are likely to play a central role and in this context semiconductor materials exhibit a huge potential in terms of integration of several quantum components in miniature chips. In this article we review the recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices emitting entangled photons. We will present the physical processes allowing the generation of entanglement and the tools to characterize it; we will give an overview of major recent results of the last few years and highlight perspectives for future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline Orieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Informatique de Paris 6 (LIP6), 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France. IRIF UMR 8243, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
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8
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Savanier M, Kumar R, Mookherjea S. Photon pair generation from compact silicon microring resonators using microwatt-level pump powers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:3313-3328. [PMID: 26906993 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.003313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microring resonators made from silicon are becoming a popular microscale device format for generating photon pairs at telecommunications wavelengths at room temperature. In compact devices with a footprint less than 5 × 10(-4) mm2, we demonstrate pair generation using only a few microwatts of average pump power. We discuss the role played by important parameters such as the loss, group-velocity dispersion and the ring-waveguide coupling coefficient in finding the optimum operating point for silicon microring pair generation. Silicon photonics can be fabricated using deep ultraviolet lithography wafer-scale fabrication processes, which is scalable and cost-effective. Such small devices and low pump power requirements, and the side-coupled waveguide geometry which uses an integrated waveguide, could be beneficial for future scaled-up architectures where many pair-generation devices are required on the same chip.
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9
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Finger MA, Iskhakov TS, Joly NY, Chekhova MV, Russell PSJ. Raman-Free, Noble-Gas-Filled Photonic-Crystal Fiber Source for Ultrafast, Very Bright Twin-Beam Squeezed Vacuum. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:143602. [PMID: 26551812 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.143602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel source of twin beams based on modulational instability in high-pressure argon-filled hollow-core kagome-style photonic-crystal fiber. The source is Raman-free and manifests strong photon-number correlations for femtosecond pulses of squeezed vacuum with a record brightness of ∼2500 photons per mode. The ultra-broadband (∼50 THz) twin beams are frequency tunable and contain one spatial and less than 5 frequency modes. The presented source outperforms all previously reported squeezed-vacuum twin-beam sources in terms of brightness and low mode content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A Finger
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timur Sh Iskhakov
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Y Joly
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria V Chekhova
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Philip St J Russell
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Guenther-Scharowsky Strasse 1, Bau 24, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Jiang WC, Lu X, Zhang J, Painter O, Lin Q. Silicon-chip source of bright photon pairs. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:20884-20904. [PMID: 26367942 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.020884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Integrated quantum photonics relies critically on the purity, scalability, integrability, and flexibility of a photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities on a single chip. Here we report a chip-scale photon-pair source on the silicon-on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity-enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-quality photon pairs at different wavelengths with a high spectral brightness of 6.24×10(7) pairs/s/mW(2)/GHz and photon-pair correlation with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 1386 ± 278 while pumped with a continuous-wave laser. The superior performance, together with the structural compactness and CMOS compatibility, opens up a great avenue towards quantum silicon photonics with capability of multi-channel parallel information processing for both integrated quantum computing and long-haul quantum communication.
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11
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Silverstone JW, Santagati R, Bonneau D, Strain MJ, Sorel M, O'Brien JL, Thompson MG. Qubit entanglement between ring-resonator photon-pair sources on a silicon chip. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7948. [PMID: 26245267 PMCID: PMC4918336 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Entanglement—one of the most delicate phenomena in nature—is an essential resource for quantum information applications. Scalable photonic quantum devices must generate and control qubit entanglement on-chip, where quantum information is naturally encoded in photon path. Here we report a silicon photonic chip that uses resonant-enhanced photon-pair sources, spectral demultiplexers and reconfigurable optics to generate a path-entangled two-qubit state and analyse its entanglement. We show that ring-resonator-based spontaneous four-wave mixing photon-pair sources can be made highly indistinguishable and that their spectral correlations are small. We use on-chip frequency demultiplexers and reconfigurable optics to perform both quantum state tomography and the strict Bell-CHSH test, both of which confirm a high level of on-chip entanglement. This work demonstrates the integration of high-performance components that will be essential for building quantum devices and systems to harness photonic entanglement on the large scale. Scalable photonic devices for quantum information processing require on-chip quantum states engineering. Here the authors report the creation of entangled photon pairs on a silicon-on-insulator chip by integrating resonant photon sources, spectral demultiplexers and reconfigurable optics in a single device.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Silverstone
- Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - R Santagati
- Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - D Bonneau
- Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - M J Strain
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, 106 Rottenrow East, Glasgow G4 0NW, UK
| | - M Sorel
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, James Watt South Building, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - J L O'Brien
- Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
| | - M G Thompson
- Centre for Quantum Photonics, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Merchant Venturers Building, Woodland Road, Bristol BS8 1UB, UK
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12
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Zhang X, Jizan I, He J, Clark AS, Choi DY, Chae CJ, Eggleton BJ, Xiong C. Enhancing the heralded single-photon rate from a silicon nanowire by time and wavelength division multiplexing pump pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:2489-2492. [PMID: 26030539 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.002489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Heralded single photons produced on a silicon chip represent an integrated photon source solution for scalable photonic quantum technologies. The key limitation of such sources is their non-deterministic nature introduced by the stochastic spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) process. Active spatial and temporal multiplexing can improve this by enhancing the single-photon rate without degrading the quantum signal-to-noise ratio. Here, taking advantage of the broad bandwidth of SFWM in a silicon nanowire, we experimentally demonstrate heralded single-photon generation from a silicon nanowire pumped by time and wavelength division multiplexed pulses. We show a 90±5% enhancement on the heralded photon rate at the cost of only 14±2% reduction to the signal-to-noise ratio, close to the performance found using only time division multiplexed pulses. As single-photon events are distributed to multiple wavelength channels, this new scheme overcomes the saturation limit of avalanche single-photon detectors and will improve the ultimate performance of such photon sources.
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13
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Kumar R, Ong JR, Savanier M, Mookherjea S. Controlling the spectrum of photons generated on a silicon nanophotonic chip. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5489. [PMID: 25410792 PMCID: PMC4263184 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are widely used, compact light sources in optical communications. Semiconductors can also be used to generate nonclassical light; in fact, CMOS-compatible silicon chips can be used to generate pairs of single photons at room temperature. Unlike the classical laser, the photon-pair source requires control over a two-dimensional joint spectral intensity (JSI) and it is not possible to process the photons separately, as this could destroy the entanglement. Here we design a photon-pair source, consisting of planar lightwave components fabricated using CMOS-compatible lithography in silicon, which has the capability to vary the JSI. By controlling either the optical pump wavelength, or the temperature of the chip, we demonstrate the ability to select different JSIs, with a large variation in the Schmidt number. Such control can benefit high-dimensional communications where detector-timing constraints can be relaxed by realizing a large Schmidt number in a small frequency range. The controlled creation of single and pair photon sources on a silicon chip is important for the realisation of quantum optical communications. Here, the authors control the spectrum of such photons generated on a silicon chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Kumar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Jun Rong Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Marc Savanier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Shayan Mookherjea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Matsuda N, Karkus P, Nishi H, Tsuchizawa T, Munro WJ, Takesue H, Yamada K. On-chip generation and demultiplexing of quantum correlated photons using a silicon-silica monolithic photonic integration platform. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:22831-22840. [PMID: 25321753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.022831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the generation and demultiplexing of quantum correlated photons on a monolithic photonic chip composed of silicon and silica-based waveguides. Photon pairs generated in a nonlinear silicon waveguide are successfully separated into two optical channels of an arrayed-waveguide grating fabricated on a silica-based waveguide platform.
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15
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Lavdas S, Zhao S, Driscoll JB, Grote RR, Osgood RM, Panoiu NC. Wavelength conversion and parametric amplification of optical pulses via quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing in long-period Bragg silicon waveguides. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4017-4020. [PMID: 24978796 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis supported by comprehensive numerical simulations of quasi-phase-matched four-wave mixing (FWM) of ultrashort optical pulses that propagate in weakly width-modulated silicon photonic nanowire gratings. Our study reveals that, by properly designing the optical waveguide such that the interacting pulses copropagate with the same group velocity, a conversion efficiency enhancement of more than 15 dB, as compared to a uniform waveguide, can readily be achieved. We also analyze the dependence of the conversion efficiency and FWM gain on the pulse width, time delay, walk-off parameter, and grating modulation depth.
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16
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Guo Y, Zhang W, Lv N, Zhou Q, Huang Y, Peng J. The impact of nonlinear losses in the silicon micro-ring cavities on CW pumping correlated photon pair generation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 22:2620-2631. [PMID: 24663555 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.002620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, 1.5 μm correlated photon pairs are generated under continuous wave (CW) pumping in a silicon micro-ring cavity with a Q factor of 8.1 × 10(4). The ratio of coincidences to accidental coincidences (CAR) is up to 200 under a coincidence time bin width of 5 ns. The experiment result of single side photon count shows that the generation rate does not increase as the square of the pump level due to the nonlinear losses in the cavity which reduce the Q factor and impact the field enhancement effect in the cavity under high pump level. Theoretical analysis shows that the photon pair generation rate in the cavity is proportional to the seventh power of the Q factor, which agrees well with the experiment result. It provides a way to analyze the performance of CW pumping correlated photon pair generation in silicon micro-ring cavities under high pump levels.
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17
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Cui L, Li X, Guo C, Li YH, Xu ZY, Wang LJ, Fang W. Generation of correlated photon pairs in micro/nano-fibers. OPTICS LETTERS 2013; 38:5063-5066. [PMID: 24281510 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the generation of correlated photon pairs via spontaneous four-wave mixing (SFWM) in a 15 cm long micro/nano-fiber (MNF). The MNF is properly fabricated to satisfy the phase-matching condition for generating the signal and idler photon pairs at wavelengths of about 1310 and 851 nm, respectively. Photon-counting measurements yield a coincidence-to-accidental ratio of 530 for a photon production rate of about 0.002 (0.0005) per pulse in the signal (idler) band. We also analyze the spectral information of the signal photons originating from SFWM and Raman scattering (RS). In addition to discovering some unique features of RS, we find the bandwidth of the individual signal photons is much greater than the calculated value for the MNF with homogeneous structure. Our investigations indicate the MNF is a promising candidate for developing the sources of nonclassical light and the spectral property of photon pairs can be used to noninvasively test the diameter and homogeneity of the MNF.
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Ong JR, Mookherjea S. Quantum light generation on a silicon chip using waveguides and resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:5171-5181. [PMID: 23482051 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.005171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Integrated optical devices may replace bulk crystal or fiber based assemblies with a more compact and controllable photon pair and heralded single photon source and generate quantum light at telecommunications wavelengths. Here, we propose that a periodic waveguide consisting of a sequence of optical resonators can outperform conventional waveguides or single resonators and generate more than 1 Giga-pairs per second from a sub-millimeter-long room-temperature silicon device, pumped with only about 10 milliwatts of optical power. Furthermore, the spectral properties of such devices provide novel opportunities for chip-scale quantum light sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Rong Ong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA.
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19
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Xiong C, Monat C, Clark AS, Grillet C, Marshall GD, Steel MJ, Li J, O'Faolain L, Krauss TF, Rarity JG, Eggleton BJ. Slow-light enhanced correlated photon pair generation in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide. OPTICS LETTERS 2011; 36:3413-3415. [PMID: 21886228 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the generation of correlated photon pairs in the telecom C-band at room temperature from a dispersion-engineered silicon photonic crystal waveguide. The spontaneous four-wave mixing process producing the photon pairs is enhanced by slow-light propagation enabling an active device length of less than 100 μm. With a coincidence to accidental ratio of 12.8 at a pair generation rate of 0.006 per pulse, this ultracompact photon pair source paves the way toward scalable quantum information processing realized on-chip.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Chen J, Levine ZH, Fan J, Migdall AL. Frequency-bin entangled comb of photon pairs from a Silicon-on-Insulator micro-resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:1470-1483. [PMID: 21263689 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.001470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a quantum-mechanical theory to describe narrowband photon-pair generation via four-wave mixing in a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) micro-resonator. We also provide design principles for efficient photon-pair generation in an SOI micro-resonator through extensive numerical simulations. Microring cavities are shown to have a much wider dispersion-compensated frequency range than straight cavities. A microring with an inner radius of 8 μm can output an entangled photon comb of 21 pairwise-correlated peaks (42 comb lines) spanning from 1.3 μm to 1.8 μm. Such on-chip quantum photonic devices offer a path toward future integrated quantum photonics and quantum integrated circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Optical Technology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8441, USA.
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21
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Xiong C, Helt LG, Judge AC, Marshall GD, Steel MJ, Sipe JE, Eggleton BJ. Quantum-correlated photon pair generation in chalcogenide As2S3 waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:16206-16216. [PMID: 20721006 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.016206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the generation of quantum-correlated photon pairs through spontaneous four-wave mixing in chalcogenide As(2)S(3) waveguides. For reasonable pump power levels, we show that such photonic-chip-based photon-pair sources can exhibit high brightness (approximately 1 x 10(9) pairs/s) and high correlation (approximately 100) if the waveguide length is chosen properly or the waveguide dispersion is engineered. Such a high correlation is possible in the presence of Raman scattering because the Raman profile exhibits a low gain window at a Stokes shift of 7.4 THz, though it is constrained due to multi-pair generation. As the proposed scheme is based on photonic chip technologies, it has the potential to become an integrated platform for the implementation of on-chip quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute for Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia.
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Clemmen S, Phan Huy K, Bogaerts W, Baets RG, Emplit P, Massar S. Continuous wave photon pair generation in silicon-on-insulator waveguides and ring resonators. OPTICS EXPRESS 2009; 17:16558-16570. [PMID: 19770871 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.016558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Silicon waveguides are promising chi(3)-based photon pair sources. Demonstrations so far have been based on picosecond pulsed lasers. Here, we present the first investigation of photon pair generation in silicon waveguides in a continuous regime. The source is characterized by coincidence measurements. We uncover the presence of unexpected noise which had not been noticed in earlier experiments. Subsequently, we present advances towards integration of the photon pair source with other components on the chip. This is demonstrated by photon pair generation in a Sagnac loop interferometer and inside a micro-ring cavity. Comparison with the straight waveguide shows that these are promising avenues for improving the source. In particular photon pair generation in the micro-ring cavity yields a source with a spectral width of approximately 150 pm resulting in a spectral brightness increased by more than 2 orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Clemmen
- Laboratoire d'Information Quantique, CP 225, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, B-1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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