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Ning Z, Jiang L, Sun J, Lian Y, Yuan Y, Wang R, Li J, Yang Y. Spatial Writing of Ultrafast All-Optical Switching. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9535-9542. [PMID: 38522086 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Writing spatial information on ultrafast all-optical switching is essential for constructing ultrafast processing units in photonic applications, such as optical communication and computing networks. However, most methods ignore the fabrication and imaging of controllable switching area, limiting its spatial information and the further design in ultrafast devices. Here, we propose a method to spatially write in ultrafast all-optical switching based on MAPbI3 perovskite with nanocone structure and visualize the switching effect in arbitrary designed area. Due to the light confinement effect of nanocone fabrication using a fs laser, the light is strongly absorbed by perovskite and reach saturable absorption. It leads to ultrafast broadband transmittance change with 25 fs switching time and 10% modulation depth in nanocone perovskite area. Our preparation method offers high efficiency, performance, and flexibility for the spatial writing of ultrafast all-optical switching, which is promising for developing ultrafast all-optical networks and the next generation of communication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqian Ning
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, P. R. China
| | - Jingya Sun
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
- Yangtze Delta Region Academy of Beijing Institute of Technology, Jiaxing 314019, P. R. China
| | - Yiling Lian
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yongjiu Yuan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ruiyang Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Jiafang Li
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 603, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
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2
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Liu SS, Zhang XT, Ye JS, Feng SF, Wang XK, Han P, Sun WF, Zhang Y. Generation of the stable propagation Bessel beam and the axial multifoci beam with pure phase elements. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2024; 41:241-251. [PMID: 38437336 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.510157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
A recently proposed method is upgraded to convert two amplitude phase modulation systems (APMSs) to pure phase elements (PPEs), for generating the stable propagation Bessel beam and the axial multifoci beam, respectively. Phase functions of the PPEs are presented analytically. Numerical simulations by the complete Rayleigh-Sommerfeld method demonstrate that the converted PPE has implemented the same optical functionalities as the corresponding APMS, in either the longitudinal or the transverse direction. Compared with the traditional APMS, the converted PPE possesses many advantages such as fabrication process simplification, system complexity reduction, production cost conservation, alignment error avoidance, and experimental precision enhancement. These inherent advantages position the PPE as an ideal choice and driving force behind further advancements in optical system technology.
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3
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Zhang XT, Liu SS, Zhang X, Wang GC, Ye JS, Feng SF, Wang XK, Han P, Sun WF, Quan BG, Zhang Y. Ideal suppression of Bessel beam intensity oscillations with a vortex phase plate. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:5419-5422. [PMID: 37831882 DOI: 10.1364/ol.498199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We propose what we believe to be a new kind of diffractive phase element, i.e., vortex phase plate (VPP) with phase singularities along the azimuth direction. Phase function of the proposed VPP is given analytically. Axial intensity oscillations of propagating Bessel beams are ideally suppressed by using the proposed VPP. Compared with the traditional amplitude mask, the proposed VPP takes such advantages as a simpler fabrication procedure and a lower cost.
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4
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Hermann B, Bernard O, Muscarella L, Bellouard Y. High-efficiency non-ablative UV laser nano-scale processing of fused silica by stable filamentation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:29085-29095. [PMID: 37710715 DOI: 10.1364/oe.497584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decades, three-dimensional micro-manufacturing of fused silica via near-infrared ultrafast laser exposure combined with an etching step has become an established technique for producing complex three-dimensional components. Here, we explore the effect of ultraviolet exposure on process efficiency. Specifically, we demonstrate that shorter wavelengths not only enable enhanced resolution but also yield higher etching selectivity, with an order of magnitude lower pulse energy and significantly higher repetition rates than current practice. This result is obtained using an exposure regime where the laser beam alternates between regimes of self-focusing and defocusing in a stable manner, forming a localized filament. Using this principle, we demonstrate the fabrication of self-organized nano-channels with diameters as small as 120 nm after etching, reaching extreme aspect ratios, exceeding 1500.
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Wu M, Jiang L, Li T, Huang J, Yi P, Zhang L, Li M, Zhang X, Li X. Efficient fabrication of infrared antireflective microstructures on a curved Diamond-ZnS composite surface by using femtosecond Bessel-like beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:28670-28682. [PMID: 37710683 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Antireflective microstructures fabricated using femtosecond laser possess wide-ranging applicability and high stability across different spectral bands. However, due to the limited aspect ratio of the focused light field, traditional femtosecond laser manufacturing faces challenges in efficiently fabricating antireflective microstructures with high aspect ratio and small period, which are essential for antireflection, on curved surfaces. In this study, we present a robust and efficient method for fabricating high-aspect-ratio and basal surface insensitive antireflective microstructures using a spatially shaped Bessel-like beam. Based on theoretical simulation, a redesigned telescopic system is proposed to flexibly equalize the intensity of the Bessel beam along its propagation direction, facilitating the fabrication of antireflective subwavelength structures on the entire convex lens. The fabricated microstructures, featuring a width of less than 2 µm and a depth of 1 µm, enhance transmittance from 75% to 85% on Diamond-ZnS composite material (D-ZnS) surfaces. Our approach enables the creation of high aspect ratio subwavelength structures with a z-position difference exceeding 600 µm. This practical, efficient, and cost-effective method is facilitated for producing antireflective surfaces on aero-optical components utilized in aviation.
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Zhang X, Zhang XT, Ye JS, Feng SF, Wang XK, Han P, Sun WF, Zhang Y. Generation of stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams with binary amplitude filters. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2023; 40:1425-1433. [PMID: 37706744 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.492573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The binary amplitude filter (BAF) is employed to generate stable propagation Bessel beams and axial multifoci beams, rather than the traditional continuous amplitude filter (CAF). We introduce a parameter along the azimuth direction, i.e., angular order of the BAF, to weaken transverse intensity asymmetry. Numerical simulations reveal that the BAF implements the same optical functionalities as the CAF. The BAF holds advantages over the traditional CAF: a simpler fabrication process, a lower cost, and a higher experimental accuracy. It is believed that the BAF should have many practical applications in future optical systems.
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Laser nano-filament explosion for enabling open-grating sensing in optical fibre. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6344. [PMID: 34732710 PMCID: PMC8566495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26671-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Embedding strong photonic stopbands into traditional optical fibre that can directly access and sense the outside environment is challenging, relying on tedious nano-processing steps that result in fragile thinned fibre. Ultrashort-pulsed laser filaments have recently provided a non-contact means of opening high-aspect ratio nano-holes inside of bulk transparent glasses. This method has been extended here to optical fibre, resulting in high density arrays of laser filamented holes penetrating transversely through the silica cladding and guiding core to provide high refractive index contrast Bragg gratings in the telecommunication band. The point‐by‐point fabrication was combined with post-chemical etching to engineer strong photonic stopbands directly inside of the compact and flexible fibre. Fibre Bragg gratings with sharply resolved π-shifts are presented for high resolution refractive index sensing from \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${n}_{{{{{{\rm{H}}}}}}}$$\end{document}nH = 1 to 1.67 as the nano-holes were readily wetted and filled with various solvents and oils through an intact fibre cladding. Engineered stop bands to sense an ambient environment can enable many applications. Here, the authors demonstrate well-controlled processes to open high-aspect ratio nanoholes through optical fibre for Bragg gratings in the telecomm spectrum and to enable high-resolution refractive index sensing
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Nguyen HD, Sedao X, Mauclair C, Bidron G, Faure N, Moreno E, Colombier JP, Stoian R. Non-Diffractive Bessel Beams for Ultrafast Laser Scanning Platform and Proof-Of-Concept Side-Wall Polishing of Additively Manufactured Parts. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E974. [PMID: 33143011 PMCID: PMC7693589 DOI: 10.3390/mi11110974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We report the potential use of non-diffractive Bessel beam for ultrafast laser processing in additive manufacturing environments, its integration into a fast scanning platform, and proof-of-concept side-wall polishing of stainless steel-based additively fabricated parts. We demonstrate two key advantages of the zeroth-order Bessel beam: the significantly long non-diffractive length for large tolerance of sample positioning and the unique self-reconstruction property for un-disrupted beam access, despite the obstruction of metallic powders in the additive manufacturing environment. The integration of Bessel beam scanning platform is constructed by finely adapting the Bessel beam into a Galvano scanner. The beam sustained its good profile within the scan field of 35 × 35 mm2. As a proof of concept, the platform showcases its advanced capacity by largely reducing the side-wall surface roughness of an additively as-fabricated workpiece from Ra 10 μm down to 1 μm. Therefore, the demonstrated Bessel-Scanner configuration possesses great potential for integrating in a hybrid additive manufacturing apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huu Dat Nguyen
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Xxx Sedao
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
- GIE Manutech-USD, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | - Cyril Mauclair
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
- GIE Manutech-USD, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France;
| | | | - Nicolas Faure
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Enrique Moreno
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Colombier
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
| | - Razvan Stoian
- Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR 5516 CNRS, Institute of Optics Graduate School, Université de Lyon, Université Jean Monnet, 42000 Saint-Etienne, France; (H.D.N.); (X.S.); (N.F.); (E.M.); (J.-P.C.); (R.S.)
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9
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Schwarz S, Roth GL, Rung S, Esen C, Hellmann R. Fabrication and evaluation of negative axicons for ultrashort pulsed laser applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:26207-26217. [PMID: 32906897 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication and evaluation of a sharp tip negative axicon paving the way for applications in high-power ultrashort pulsed laser systems. The negative axicon is manufactured by applying a two-step all laser-based process chain consisting of ultrashort pulsed laser ablation and CO2 laser polishing finishing the component in less than 5 minutes. The finalized negative axicon reveals a surface roughness of 18 nm, fulfilling optical quality. Two measurement setups, including the ultrashort pulsed laser itself, are used to evaluate the formation of Bessel beams in detail. By applying a focusing lens behind the negative axicon, well-developed Bessel beams are generated while their lengths depend on the distance between the negative axicon and the lens. Furthermore, the diameter of the Bessel beams increase strongly with the propagation distance. By adding a second focusing lens, Bessel beams are generated at its focal position, being almost invariant of its position. Hence, the typical Bessel beam intensity distribution is observed over an entire moving range of this second lens of 300 mm. While these Bessel beams show superior quality in terms of sharp peaks with homogeneous concentric rings, only minor deviations in intensity and diameter are observed over the moving range.
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10
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Oosterbeek RN, Ashforth S, Bodley O, Simpson MC. Measuring the ablation threshold fluence in femtosecond laser micromachining with vortex and Bessel pulses. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:34558-34568. [PMID: 30650878 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.034558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond laser micromachining holds significant promise for advanced manufacturing, however uptake has been limited by the low processing speed. Altering the beam shape from its typical Gaussian profile has been attempted to improve efficiency, however virtually all reliable methods for quantifying the efficiency assume a Gaussian beam shape. Here, we describe an approach for quantifying the ablation threshold fluence - the key parameter for comparing efficiency - suitable for weakly focused non-Gaussian beams. We successfully demonstrate this method for Bessel and vortex beams, finding that the ablation threshold depends not just on the material, but the beam shape as well.
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11
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Gil-Villalba A, Meyer R, Giust R, Rapp L, Billet C, Courvoisier F. Single shot femtosecond laser nano-ablation of CVD monolayer graphene. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14601. [PMID: 30279433 PMCID: PMC6168448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32957-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate ablation of CVD monolayer graphene by femtosecond pulses in the single shot regime. We show that the ablation probability of flat graphene drastically reduces for small illumination diameters even if the ablation threshold is exceeded. However, the presence of graphene wrinkles enhances the ablation probability. This is interpreted in terms of electron and energy diffusion within the graphene layer. This differentiated behavior is a drawback for single shot laser nanopatterning. The morphology of the holes with minimal diameter depends on the fluence distribution at ablation threshold. Strong fluence gradients due to strong focussing produce an explosive folding of graphene during ablation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gil-Villalba
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - R Meyer
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - R Giust
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - L Rapp
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - C Billet
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France
| | - F Courvoisier
- FEMTO-ST institute, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, 15B avenue des Montboucons, 25030, Besançon Cedex, France.
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Shen T, Lang T, Wu M, Han Z. Bessel-like beam generated by an axicon based on parallel-plate waveguides. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6174-6180. [PMID: 30118002 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The axicon is the simplest and most effective optical element for generating the zero-order Bessel-like beam. The zero-order Bessel-like beam, which has the characteristics of small spot size, high brightness, good direction, and large collimation distance, can be applied to optical micromanipulation and power transmission. In this paper, we proposed and designed a structure for phase manipulation based on parallel-plate waveguides that can be used to realize the functionality of the axicon in the terahertz (THz) region. Meanwhile, we characterized the influence of the cone angle of the axicon and the waist radius of the incident Gaussian beam on the generated zero-order Bessel-like beam by simulation. The planar structure, consisting of a parallel stack of thin copper plates, can be easily fabricated to fulfill the phase requirement to realize the zero-order Bessel-like beam and also can be utilized in THz imaging systems, THz sensing systems, THz communication systems, etc.
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Jiang L, Wang AD, Li B, Cui TH, Lu YF. Electrons dynamics control by shaping femtosecond laser pulses in micro/nanofabrication: modeling, method, measurement and application. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17134. [PMID: 30839523 PMCID: PMC6060063 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible within the femtosecond pulse duration, whereas femtosecond photon-electron interactions dominate the entire fabrication process. Therefore, femtosecond laser fabrication must be improved by controlling localized transient electron dynamics, which poses a challenge for measuring and controlling at the electron level during fabrication processes. Pump-probe spectroscopy presents a viable solution, which can be used to observe electron dynamics during a chemical reaction. In fact, femtosecond pulse durations are shorter than many physical/chemical characteristic times, which permits manipulating, adjusting, or interfering with electron dynamics. Hence, we proposed to control localized transient electron dynamics by temporally or spatially shaping femtosecond pulses, and further to modify localized transient materials properties, and then to adjust material phase change, and eventually to implement a novel fabrication method. This review covers our progresses over the past decade regarding electrons dynamics control (EDC) by shaping femtosecond laser pulses in micro/nanomanufacturing: (1) Theoretical models were developed to prove EDC feasibility and reveal its mechanisms; (2) on the basis of the theoretical predictions, many experiments are conducted to validate our EDC-based femtosecond laser fabrication method. Seven examples are reported, which proves that the proposed method can significantly improve fabrication precision, quality, throughput and repeatability and effectively control micro/nanoscale structures; (3) a multiscale measurement system was proposed and developed to study the fundamentals of EDC from the femtosecond scale to the nanosecond scale and to the millisecond scale; and (4) As an example of practical applications, our method was employed to fabricate some key structures in one of the 16 Chinese National S&T Major Projects, for which electron dynamics were measured using our multiscale measurement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Jiang
- Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - An-Dong Wang
- Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Li
- Laser Micro/Nano-Fabrication Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tian-Hong Cui
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Yong-Feng Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0511, USA
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Zhang G, Stoian R, Zhao W, Cheng G. Femtosecond laser Bessel beam welding of transparent to non-transparent materials with large focal-position tolerant zone. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:917-926. [PMID: 29401971 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.000917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
It is known that ultrashort laser welding of materials requires an accurate laser beam focusing and positioning onto the samples interface. This puts forward severe challenges for controlling the focus position particularly considering that the tightly focused Gaussian beam has a short, micron-sized Rayleigh range. Here we propose a large-focal-depth welding method to bond materials by using non-diffractive femtosecond laser Bessel beams. A zero-order Bessel beam is produced by an axicon and directly imaged on the interface between silicon and borosilicate glass to write welding lines, ensuring a non-diffractive length in the 500 μm range and micron-sized FWHM diameter. The focal-position tolerant zone for effective welding increases thus many-fold compared to traditional Gaussian beam welding. The shear joining strength of the sample welded by this method could be as high as 16.5 MPa. The Raman spectrum and element distribution analyses within the cross section of welding line reveal that substance mixing has occurred during laser irradiation, which is considered as the main reason for femtosecond laser induced bonding.
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15
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Müller A, Wapler MC, Wallrabe U. Segmented Bessel beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:22640-22647. [PMID: 29041571 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.022640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigate segmented Bessel beams that are created by placing different ring apertures behind an axicon that is illuminated with a plane wave. We find an analytical estimate to determine the shortest possible beam segment by deriving a scale-invariant analytical model using appropriate dimensionless parameters such as the wavelength and the axicon angle. This is verified using simulations and measurements, which are in good agreement. The size of the ring apertures was varied from small aperture sizes in the Frauhofer diffraction limit to larger aperture sizes in the classical limit.
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16
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Hofmeister LH, Costa L, Balikov DA, Crowder SW, Terekhov A, Sung HJ, Hofmeister WH. Patterned polymer matrix promotes stemness and cell-cell interaction of adult stem cells. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:18. [PMID: 26464581 PMCID: PMC4603908 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-015-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The interaction of stem cells with their culture substrates is critical in controlling their fate and function. Declining stemness of adult-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) during in vitro expansion on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) severely limits their therapeutic efficacy prior to cell transplantation into damaged tissues. Thus, various formats of natural and synthetic materials have been manipulated in attempts to reproduce in vivo matrix environments in which hMSCs reside. Results We developed a series of patterned polymer matrices for cell culture by hot-pressing poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) films in femtosecond laser-ablated nanopore molds, forming nanofibers on flat PCL substrates. hMSCs cultured on these PCL fiber matrices significantly increased expression of critical self-renewal factors, Nanog and OCT4A, as well as markers of cell-cell interaction PECAM and ITGA2. The results suggest the patterned polymer fiber matrix is a promising model to maintain the stemness of adult hMSCs. Conclusion This approach meets the need for scalable, highly repeatable, and tuneable models that mimic extracellular matrix features that signal for maintenance of hMSC stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas H Hofmeister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Lino Costa
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
| | - Daniel A Balikov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Spencer W Crowder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - Alexander Terekhov
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN USA
| | - William H Hofmeister
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, TN USA
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Zhu M, Cao Q, Gao H. Creation of a 50,000λ long needle-like field with 0.36λ width: reply. JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA. A, OPTICS, IMAGE SCIENCE, AND VISION 2015; 32:1213-1215. [PMID: 26367057 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.32.001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This is the reply to the comment by Chavez-Cerda and Pu [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A32, 1209 (2015)JOAOD61084-752910.1364/JOSAA.32.001209] on our recent work about the 50,000λ long needle-like field [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A31, 500 (2014)JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.31.000500]. First, they employed an incorrect boundary condition as the fundament of their argument. In fact, it is not the electric field but its tangential component that must be zero at the surface of the perfect metal. Our result is completely consistent with the correct boundary condition. Second, a constant phase factor in the incident radially polarized beam, exp(jπ/4), for instance, has no influence on the result. Accordingly, our initial condition is proper.
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Brunne J, Wapler MC, Wallrabe U. Fast and robust piezoelectric axicon mirror. OPTICS LETTERS 2014; 39:4631-4634. [PMID: 25078246 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.004631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this Letter, we demonstrate the first high-speed piezoelectric axicon mirror. We achieve a usable aperture of 10 mm up to the maximum radius of the robust, 300 μm thick mirror substrate using a floating boundary condition. The highly aspheric, conical shape is programmed into the device by ring-shaped electrodes, for which we have developed an automated optimization strategy for their individual electrode potentials. In addition, we developed a simple control circuit, in which the conical profile can be programmed and adjusted with just one control signal. The device is fabricated by rapid prototyping to avoid cleanroom processing. The tunable mirror features a resonance frequency of 10 kHz and a static deflection of 5.8 μm at a surface deviation of 63 nm, and is thus able to generate a quasi-Bessel beam.
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Gong L, Ren YX, Xue GS, Wang QC, Zhou JH, Zhong MC, Wang ZQ, Li YM. Generation of nondiffracting Bessel beam using digital micromirror device. APPLIED OPTICS 2013; 52:4566-4575. [PMID: 23842252 DOI: 10.1364/ao.52.004566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrated Bessel-like beams utilizing digital micromirror device (DMD). DMD with images imitating the equivalent axicon can shape the collimated Gaussian beam into Bessel beam. We reconstructed the 3D spatial field of the generated beam through a stack of measured cross-sectional images. The output beams have the profile of Bessel function after intensity modulation, and the beams extend at least 50 mm while the lateral dimension of the spot remains nearly invariant. Furthermore, the self-healing property has also been investigated, and all the experimental results agree well with simulated results numerically calculated through beam propagation method. Our observations demonstrate that the DMD offers a simple and efficient method to generate Bessel beams with distinct nondiffracting and self-reconstruction behaviors. The generated Bessel beams will potentially expand the applications to the optical manipulation and high-resolution fluorescence imaging owing to the unique nondiffracting property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gong
- Department of Optics and Optical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Abstract
Highly aspheric reflective micro-optics for the generation of quasi-nondiffracting beams are of great interest for a wide variety of applications. However, up to now it was impossible to fabricate tunable arrays of these elements. In this Letter, we demonstrate the first array of purely reflective tunable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microaxicon mirrors with a conical shape and a continuous surface. The actuation is achieved by thermal expansion in a solid state design and the tuning range allows for large conical angles and is able to form concave as well as convex axicons. The deflection of the mirror surface and the propagation of the resulting quasi-Bessel beams have been characterized to prove the functionality of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Brunne
- Laboratory for Microactuators, Department of Microsystems Engineering, IMTEK, University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, Freiburg 79110, Germany
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Rajput D, Costa L, Terekhov A, Lansford K, Hofmeister W. Silica coating of polymer nanowires produced via nanoimprint lithography from femtosecond laser machined templates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:105304. [PMID: 22361985 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/10/105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we report on the fabrication of regular arrays of silica nanoneedles by deposition of a thin layer of silica on patterned arrays of polymer nanowires (or polymer nanohair). An array of high-aspect-ratio nanoscale diameter holes of depths greater than 10 µm was produced at the surface of a fused silica wafer by an amplified femtosecond laser system operated in single-pulse mode. Cellulose acetate (CA) film was imprinted into the nanoholes and peeled off to form a patterned array of standing CA nanowires, a negative replica of the laser machined nanoholes. The cellulose acetate replica was then coated with silica in a chemical vapor deposition process using silicon tetrachloride vapor at 65 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam sectioning, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the silica nanoneedles. Precisely patterned, functionalized arrays of standing silica nanoneedles are useful for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Rajput
- Center for Laser Applications, University of Tennessee Space Institute, 411 B H Goethert Parkway, Tullahoma, TN 37388, USA
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Schulz E, Steingrube DS, Binhammer T, Gaarde MB, Couairon A, Morgner U, Kovačev M. Tracking spectral shapes and temporal dynamics along a femtosecond filament. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:19495-19507. [PMID: 21996890 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.019495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The spectral evolution of a high-intensity light channel formed by filamentation is investigated in a detailed experimental study. We also track the spatio-temporal dynamics by high-order harmonic generation along the filament. Both the spectral and temporal diagnostics are performed as a function of propagation distance, by extracting the light pulses directly from the hot filament core into vacuum via pinholes that terminate the nonlinear propagation. We compare the measured spectral shapes to simulations and analyze numerically the temporal dynamics inside the filament.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Schulz
- Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Quantenoptik, Welfengarten 1, D-30167 Hannover, Germany.
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Becker J, Rose P, Boguslawski M, Denz C. Systematic approach to complex periodic vortex and helix lattices. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:9848-9862. [PMID: 21643241 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.009848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a general comprehensive framework for the description of symmetries of complex light fields, facilitating the construction of sophisticated periodic structures carrying phase dislocations. In particular, we demonstrate the derivation of all three fundamental two-dimensional vortex lattices based on vortices of triangular, quadratic, and hexagonal shape, respectively. We show that these patterns represent the foundation of complex three-dimensional lattices with outstanding helical intensity distributions which suggest valuable applications in holographic lithography. This systematic approach is substantiated by a comparative study of corresponding numerically calculated and experimentally realized complex intensity and phase distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Becker
- Institut für Angewandte Physik and Center for Nonlinear Science (CeNoS), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstr. 2/4, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Clerici M, Faccio D, Rubino E, Lotti A, Couairon A, Di Trapani P. Space-time focusing of Bessel-like pulses. OPTICS LETTERS 2010; 35:3267-3269. [PMID: 20890355 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.003267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report on a space-time compression technique allowing for complete and independent control of the longitudinal dynamics and of the transverse pulse localization by means of spatial beam shaping. We experimentally observe both strong temporal compression and high transverse localization, of the order of a few wavelengths, along free-space propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Clerici
- CNISM and Dipartimento di Fisica e Matematica, Università dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
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Bhuyan MK, Courvoisier F, Lacourt PA, Jacquot M, Furfaro L, Withford MJ, Dudley JM. High aspect ratio taper-free microchannel fabrication using femtosecond Bessel beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:566-74. [PMID: 20173876 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present a systematic study of femtosecond laser microchannel machining in glass using nondiffracting Bessel beams. In particular, our results identify a source and focusing parameter working window where high aspect ratio taper-free microchannels can be reproducibly produced without sample translation. With appropriate source parameters, we machine channels of 2 microm diameter and with aspect ratios up to 40. We propose the filamentation stability of the Bessel beam propagation as the critical factor underlying the controlled and reproducible results that have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Bhuyan
- FEMTO-ST Institute, Department of Optics P.M. Duffieux, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Alexeev I, Leitz KH, Otto A, Schmidt M. Application of Bessel beams for ultrafast laser volume structuring of non transparent media. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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