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Perevoschikov S, Kaydanov N, Ermatov T, Bibikova O, Usenov I, Sakharova T, Bocharnikov A, Skibina J, Artyushenko V, Gorin D. Light guidance up to 6.5 µm in borosilicate soft glass hollow-core microstructured optical waveguides. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:27940-27950. [PMID: 32988076 DOI: 10.1364/oe.399410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Limited operating bandwidth originated from strong absorption of glass materials in the infrared (IR) spectral region has hindered the potential applications of microstructured optical waveguide (MOW)-based sensors. Here, we demonstrate multimode waveguide regime up to 6.5 µm for the hollow-core (HC) MOWs drawn from borosilicate soft glass. Effective light guidance in central HC (diameter ∼240 µm) was observed from 0.4 to 6.5 µm despite high waveguide losses (0.4 and 1 dB/cm in near- and mid-IR, respectively). Additional optimization of the waveguide structure can potentially extend its operating range and decrease transmission losses, offering an attractive alternative to tellurite and chalcogenide-based fibers. Featuring the transparency in mid-IR, HC MOWs are promising candidates for the creation of MOW-based sensors for chemical and biomedical applications.
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Miao Y, Jing JC, Desai V, Mahon SB, Brenner M, Veress LA, White CW, Chen Z. Automated 3D segmentation of methyl isocyanate-exposed rat trachea using an ultra-thin, fully fiber optic optical coherence endoscopic probe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8713. [PMID: 29880863 PMCID: PMC5992171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of effective rescue countermeasures for toxic inhalational industrial chemicals, such as methyl isocyanate (MIC), has been an emerging interest. Nonetheless, current methods for studying toxin-induced airway injuries are limited by cost, labor time, or accuracy, and only provide indirect or localized information. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) endoscopic probes have previously been used to visualize the 3-D airway structure. However, gathering such information in small animal models, such as rat airways after toxic gas exposure, remains a challenge due to the required probe size necessary for accessing the small, narrow, and partially obstructed tracheas. In this study, we have designed a 0.4 mm miniature endoscopic probe and investigated the structural changes in rat trachea after MIC inhalation. An automated 3D segmentation algorithm was implemented so that anatomical changes, such as tracheal lumen volume and cross-sectional areas, could be quantified. The tracheal region of rats exposed to MIC by inhalation showed significant airway narrowing, especially within the upper trachea, as a result of epithelial detachment and extravascular coagulation within the airway. This imaging and automated reconstruction technique is capable of rapid and minimally-invasive identification of airway obstruction. This method can be applied to large-scale quantitative analysis of in vivo animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusi Miao
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
| | - Joseph C Jing
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92697, California, USA
| | - Vineet Desai
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA
| | - Sari B Mahon
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA
| | - Matthew Brenner
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA
| | - Livia A Veress
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, 80204, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl W White
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, 80204, Colorado, USA
| | - Zhongping Chen
- Beckman Laser Institute, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92612, California, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, 92697, California, USA.
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Ding Z, Qiu J, Shen Y, Chen Z, Bao W. Lens-free all-fiber probe with an optimized output beam for optical coherence tomography. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:2814-2817. [PMID: 28708176 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.002814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A high-efficiency lensless all-fiber probe for optical coherence tomography (OCT) is presented. The probe is composed of a segment of large-core multimode fiber (MMF), a segment of tapered MMF, and a length of single-mode fiber (SMF). A controllable output beam can be designed by a simple adjustment of its probe structure parameters (PSPs), instead of the selection of fibers with different optical parameters. A side-view probe with a diameter of 340 μm and a rigid length of 6.37 mm was fabricated, which provides an effective imaging range of ∼0.6 mm with a full width at half-maximum beam diameter of less than 30 μm. The insertion loss of the probe was measured to be 0.81 dB, ensuring a high sensitivity of 102.25 dB. Satisfactory images were obtained by the probe-based OCT system, demonstrating the feasibility of the probe for endoscopic OCT applications.
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Singh K, Yamada D, Tearney G. Astigmatism corrected common path probe for optical coherence tomography. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 49:312-318. [PMID: 27490964 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Optical coherence tomography (OCT) catheters for intraluminal imaging are subject to various artifacts due to reference-sample arm dispersion imbalances and sample arm beam astigmatism. The goal of this work was to develop a probe that minimizes such artifacts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our probe was fabricated using a single mode fiber at the tip of which a glass spacer and graded index objective lens were spliced to achieve the desired focal distance. The signal was reflected using a curved reflector to correct for astigmatism caused by the thin, protective, transparent sheath that surrounds the optics. The probe design was optimized using Zemax, a commercially available optical design software. Common path interferometric operation was achieved using Fresnel reflection from the tip of the focusing graded index objective lens. The performance of the probe was tested using a custom designed spectrometer-based OCT system. RESULTS The probe achieved an axial resolution of 15.6 μm in air, a lateral resolution 33 μm, and a sensitivity of 103 dB. A scattering tissue phantom was imaged to test the performance of the probe for astigmatism correction. Images of the phantom confirmed that this common-path, astigmatism-corrected OCT imaging probe had minimal artifacts in the axial, and lateral dimensions. CONCLUSIONS In this work, we developed an astigmatism-corrected, common path probe that minimizes artifacts associated with standard OCT probes. This design may be useful for OCT applications that require high axial and lateral resolutions. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:312-318, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwarpal Singh
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts.,Healthcare Optics Research Laboratory, Canon USA., Inc., 210 Broadway, 3rd Floor, Cambridge, 02139, Massachusetts
| | - Guillermo Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, 02114, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, 02115, Massachusetts
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Lee J, Chae Y, Ahn YC, Moon S. Ultra-thin and flexible endoscopy probe for optical coherence tomography based on stepwise transitional core fiber. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1782-96. [PMID: 26137380 PMCID: PMC4467695 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultra-thin fiber-body endoscopy probe for optical coherence tomography (OCT) which is based on a stepwise transitional core (STC) fiber. In a minimalistic design, our probe was made of spliced specialty fibers that could be directly used for beam probing optics without using a lens. In our probe, the OCT light delivered through a single-mode fiber was efficiently expanded to a large mode field of 24 μm diameter for a low beam divergence. The size of our probe was 85 μm in the probe's diameter while operated in a 160-μm thick protective tubing. Through theoretical and experimental analyses, our probe was found to exhibit various attractive features in terms of compactness, flexibility and reliability along with its excellent fabrication simplicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangbeom Lee
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702,
South Korea
| | - Yugyeong Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737,
South Korea
| | - Yeh-Chan Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737,
South Korea
| | - Sucbei Moon
- Department of Physics, Kookmin University, Seoul, 136-702,
South Korea
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Fu X, Patel D, Zhu H, MacLennan G, Wang YT, Jenkins MW, Rollins AM. Miniature forward-viewing common-path OCT probe for imaging the renal pelvis. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:1164-71. [PMID: 25909002 PMCID: PMC4399657 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.001164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultrathin flexible cone-scanning forward-viewing OCT probe which can fit through the working channel of a flexible ureteroscope for renal pelvis imaging. The probe is fabricated by splicing a 200 µm section of core-less fiber and a 150 µm section of gradient-index (GRIN) fiber to the end of a single mode (SM) fiber. The probe is designed for common-path OCT imaging where the back-reflection of the GRIN fiber/air interface is used as the reference signal. Optimum sensitivity was achieved with a 2 degree polished probe tip. A correlation algorithm was used to correct image distortion caused by non-uniform rotation of the probe. The probe is demonstrated by imaging human skin in vivo and porcine renal pelvis ex vivo and is suitable for imaging the renal pelvis in vivo for cancer staging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyong Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Dhruti Patel
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Gregory MacLennan
- Department of Urology and Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
| | - Yves T Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
USA
| | - Michael W Jenkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106
USA
| | - Andrew M Rollins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
USA
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Alex A, Noti M, Wojno EDT, Artis D, Zhou C. Characterization of eosinophilic esophagitis murine models using optical coherence tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:609-620. [PMID: 24575353 PMCID: PMC3920889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pre-clinical studies using murine models are critical for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying immune-mediated disorders such as Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). In this study, an optical coherence tomography (OCT) system capable of providing three-dimensional images with axial and transverse resolutions of 5 µm and 10 µm, respectively, was utilized to obtain esophageal images from a murine model of EoE-like disease ex vivo. Structural changes in the esophagus of wild-type (Tslpr(+/+) ) and mutant (Tslpr(-/-) ) mice with EoE-like disease were quantitatively evaluated and food impaction sites in the esophagus of diseased mice were monitored using OCT. Here, the capability of OCT as a label-free imaging tool devoid of tissue-processing artifacts to effectively characterize murine EoE-like disease models has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Alex
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA-18015, USA
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA-18015, USA
| | - Mario Noti
- Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elia D. Tait Wojno
- Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Artis
- Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chao Zhou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA-18015, USA
- Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA-18015, USA
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA-18015, USA
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