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Kassab H, Gröbmeyer S, Schweinberger W, Hofer C, Steinleitner P, Högner M, Amotchkina T, Gerz D, Knorr M, Huber R, Karpowicz N, Pupeza I. In-line synthesis of multi-octave phase-stable infrared light. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:24862-24874. [PMID: 37475303 DOI: 10.1364/oe.493887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Parametric downconversion driven by modern, high-power sources of 10-fs-scale near-infrared pulses, in particular intrapulse difference-frequency generation (IPDFG), affords combinations of properties desirable for molecular vibrational spectroscopy in the mid-infrared range: broad spectral coverage, high brilliance, and spatial and temporal coherence. Yet, unifying these in a robust and compact radiation source has remained a key challenge. Here, we address this need by employing IPDFG in a multi-crystal in-line geometry, driven by the 100-W-level, 10.6-fs pulses of a 10.6-MHz-repetition-rate, nonlinearly post-compressed Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator. Polarization tailoring of the driving pulses using a bichromatic waveplate is followed by a sequence of two crystals, LiIO3 and LiGaS2, resulting in the simultaneous coverage of the 800-cm-1-to-3000-cm-1 spectral range (at -30-dB intensity) with 130 mW of average power. We demonstrate that optical-phase coherence is maintained in this in-line geometry, in theory and experiment, the latter employing ultra-broadband electro-optic sampling. These results pave the way toward coherent spectroscopy schemes like field-resolved and frequency-comb spectroscopy, as well as nonlinear, ultrafast spectroscopy and optical-waveform synthesis across the entire infrared molecular fingerprint region.
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2
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Kowzan G, Allison TK. Controlling Rotationally Resolved Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectra with Polarization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:11650-11654. [PMID: 36485074 PMCID: PMC9791651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements in infrared frequency combs will enable facile recording of coherent two-dimensional infrared spectra of gas-phase molecules with rotational resolution (RR2DIR). Using time-dependent density-matrix perturbation theory and angular momentum algebra techniques, we derive new polarization conditions unique to freely rotating molecules and absent in the condensed phase. These polarization conditions can be used to suppress parts of 2DIR rovibrational response, clarifying complicated RR2DIR spectra. With the polarization control methods described here, RR2DIR spectroscopy can be a powerful tool for studying complex gas mixtures of polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Kowzan
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Grudzia̧dzka 5, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Thomas K. Allison
- Department
of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York11790-3400, United
States
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Santamaria L, Di Sarno V, Aiello R, De Rosa M, Ricciardi I, De Natale P, Maddaloni P. Infrared Comb Spectroscopy of Buffer-Gas-Cooled Molecules: Toward Absolute Frequency Metrology of Cold Acetylene. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E250. [PMID: 33383699 PMCID: PMC7795711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the recent developments in precision ro-vibrational spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled neutral molecules, obtained using infrared frequency combs either as direct probe sources or as ultra-accurate optical rulers. In particular, we show how coherent broadband spectroscopy of complex molecules especially benefits from drastic simplification of the spectra brought about by cooling of internal temperatures. Moreover, cooling the translational motion allows longer light-molecule interaction times and hence reduced transit-time broadening effects, crucial for high-precision spectroscopy on simple molecules. In this respect, we report on the progress of absolute frequency metrology experiments with buffer-gas-cooled molecules, focusing on the advanced technologies that led to record measurements with acetylene. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for further improving the ultimate accuracy of the spectroscopic frequency measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Santamaria
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Contrada Terlecchia, 75100 Matera, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Sarno
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Aiello
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio De Rosa
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Iolanda Ricciardi
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paolo De Natale
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Largo E. Fermi 6, 50125 Firenze, Italy;
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Firenze, Via G. Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Pasquale Maddaloni
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Nazionale di Ottica, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy; (V.D.S.); (R.A.); (M.D.R.); (I.R.)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sez. di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di M.S. Angelo, Via Cintia, 80126 Napoli, Italy
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4
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Lind AJ, Kowligy A, Timmers H, Cruz FC, Nader N, Silfies MC, Allison TK, Diddams SA. Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb Generation and Spectroscopy with Few-Cycle Pulses and χ^{(2)} Nonlinear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:133904. [PMID: 32302192 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.133904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The mid-infrared atmospheric window of 3-5.5 μm holds valuable information regarding molecular composition and function for fundamental and applied spectroscopy. Using a robust, mode-locked fiber-laser source of <11 fs pulses in the near infrared, we explore quadratic (χ^{(2)}) nonlinear optical processes leading to frequency comb generation across this entire mid-infrared atmospheric window. With experiments and modeling, we demonstrate intrapulse difference frequency generation that yields few-cycle mid-infrared pulses in a single pass through periodically poled lithium niobate. Harmonic and cascaded χ^{(2)} nonlinearities further provide direct access to the carrier-envelope offset frequency of the near infrared driving pulse train. The high frequency stability of the mid-infrared frequency comb is exploited for spectroscopy of acetone and carbonyl sulfide with simultaneous bandwidths exceeding 11 THz and with spectral resolution as high as 0.003 cm^{-1}. The combination of low noise and broad spectral coverage enables detection of trace gases with concentrations in the part-per-billion range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Lind
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Abijith Kowligy
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Henry Timmers
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Flavio C Cruz
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Nima Nader
- Applied Physics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
| | - Myles C Silfies
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Thomas K Allison
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Scott A Diddams
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 2000 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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Silfies MC, Kowzan G, Chen Y, Lewis N, Hou R, Baehre R, Gross T, Allison TK. Widely tunable cavity-enhanced frequency combs. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2123-2126. [PMID: 32236084 DOI: 10.1364/ol.389412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We describe the cavity enhancement of frequency combs over a wide tuning range of 450-700 nm (${ \gt }7900\;{{\rm cm}^{ - 1}} $>7900cm-1), covering nearly the entire visible spectrum. Tunable visible frequency combs from a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator are coupled into a four-mirror, dispersion-managed cavity with a finesse of 600-1400. An intracavity absorption path length enhancement greater than 190 is obtained over the entire tuning range, while preserving intracavity spectral bandwidths capable of supporting sub-200 fs pulse durations. These tunable cavity-enhanced frequency combs can find many applications in nonlinear optics and spectroscopy.
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